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Journal articles on the topic 'Electrical loads'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Micu, Marian Bogdan, Maricel Adam, and Mihai Andruscă. "Nonintrusive Electrical Loads Pattern Determination." Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iași. Electrical Engineering, Power Engineering, Electronics Section 67, no. 1 (2021): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bipie-2021-0005.

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Abstract The paper presents a possibility to determine the electrical patterns for the electrical loads through nonintrusive monitoring of their operating regimes. The electrical patterns are determined on the basis of the electrical parameters acquired for each load from the electrical network analysed. The determination of the electrical patterns is useful for the management of electrical energy consumption. The easiness of the nonintrusive monitoring technique is determined by the possibility of acquiring the electrical parameters from a single measurement point from the electrical network.

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2

Saidkhodjaev, A. G., B. Kh Ametova, and M. M. Mamutov. "Intellectualization of determination of electrical loads in city electric networks." E3S Web of Conferences 139 (2019): 01072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913901072.

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This article illustrates new methods for automatically fixing and determining the calculation loads of electrical consumers, in particular the maximum load. The accuracy in the calculations is increased taking into account several factors affecting the maximum load values. It also offers a method and algorithm determination of the maximum electrical loads in urban electrical loads.

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3

Shabanov, Vitalii, Albina Rakhimberdina, and Ilya Yanikiev. "ON THE ISSUE OF DETERMINING THE ELECTRICAL LOADS OF TRANSFORMER SUBSTATIONS." Electrical and data processing facilities and systems 18, no. 1 (2022): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/1999-5458-2022-18-1-114-122.

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Relevance The calculation of electrical loads is the basis for choosing the carrying capacity of all elements of the electrical network. An increase in rated loads compared to the necessary ones leads to cost overruns on power transmission lines and an increase in power of transformers, and a decrease in rated loads leads to increased power dissipation in networks, increased heating of conductors and transformers and increased thermal deterioration of their insulation. The reliability of the calculation of electrical loads depends both on the reliability of the calculation coefficients used an

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4

SOLUYANOV, Yury I., Alexander I. FEDOTOV, Yury Ya GALITSKY, Natalya V. CHERNOVA, and Azat R. AKHMETSHIN. "Updating the Standard Specific Electric Loads of Apartment Buildings in the Republic of Tatarstan." Elektrichestvo 6, no. 6 (2021): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/0013-5380-2021-6-62-71.

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The Code of Practices SP256.1325800.2016 and regional standards for urban planning design are the main regulatory and technical documents regulating the design analysis of residential building electrical loads. The relevant standard values of specific electric power, which serve as the basis for designing urban power supply systems, have not been revised for more than 40 years. A study of 10/0.4 kV urban transformer substations in different regions of the Russian Federation has shown that 70 to 80% of transformers are loaded by less than 30% of their rated capacity during the year, and half of

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Shaw, S. R., C. B. Abler, R. F. Lepard, D. Luo, S. B. Leeb, and L. K. Norford. "Instrumentation for High Performance Nonintrusive Electrical Load Monitoring." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 120, no. 3 (1998): 224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2888073.

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This paper reviews the design and implementation of hardware and software tools for nonintrusive electrical load monitoring. Estimates of spectral content in measured waveforms can be used to determine in real time the operating schedule of loads at a target site. Techniques for transient event detection are reviewed. These techniques can detect the turn-on and turn-off transients of individual loads, and can be used to easily determine the energy usage of loads that draw constant power in steady-state operation. Techniques for monitoring the power consumption of smoothly varying loads (e.g.,

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6

Németh, Dániel István, and Kálmán Tornai. "Electrical Load Classification with Open-Set Recognition." Energies 16, no. 2 (2023): 800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020800.

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Full utilization of renewable energy resources is a difficult task due to the constantly changing demand-side load of the electrical grid. Demand-side management would solve this crucial problem. To enable demand-side management, knowledge about the composition of the grid load is required, as well as the ability to schedule individual loads. There are proposed Smart Plugs presented in the literature capable of such tasks. The problem, however, is that these methods lack the ability to detect if a previously unseen electrical load is connected. Misclassification of such loads presents a proble

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Almaita, Eyad. "Harmonic Assessment in Jordanian Low-Voltage Electrical Power Grid." EARTH SCIENCES AND HUMAN CONSTRUCTIONS 1 (April 8, 2021): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232024.2021.1.4.

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With the proliferation of nonlinear loads in the power system, harmonic pollution becomes a serious problem that affects the power quality in both transmission and distribution systems. Understanding and quantifying the harmonics level in electrical power grid are crucial before proposing any successful method for mitigating harmonics problems in the grid. In this paper, the harmonics level in Jordan Low-Voltage Electrical Power Grid (JLVEPG) is investigated. The loads are divided into five categories: : (i) industrial loads, (ii) commercial loads, (iii) hospital loads, (iv) residential loads,

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Abdullazyanov, E. Yu, E. I. Gracheva, and A. Alzakkar. "Analysis and study of power consumption of objects in the industrial zone of Adra-Syria." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 25, no. 1 (2023): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2023-25-1-118-129.

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Industrial cities in Syria help the state in developing factories and strengthening the main industries, as they provide the right infrastructure for these industries and provide them with advantages that may not be available abroad. The article explores one of these industrial areas in the city of Adra-Syria.PURPUSE. Conduct a study of the design power of loads of residential electrical consumers and compare with the experimental power consumption in the city of Adra.METHODS. Methods for processing statistical data and methods for determining the parameters of loads and graphs of loads of ele

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SOLJAN, Zbigniew. "Part 1: Decomposition of the Load’s Current in Three-phase Four-wire Systems Supplied with Asymmetrical Sinusoidal Voltage Following Currents’ Physical Components Theory." AUTOMATYKA, ELEKTRYKA, ZAKLOCENIA 11 (September 30, 2020): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17274/aez.2020.41.03.

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Electricity receivers in low-voltage networks are mainly single-phase loads, which, when grouped within a given consumer, create a three-phase load. Such a replacement three-phase load works in a four-wire system. Besides, under real conditions, the supply voltage has some amplitude and phase asymmetry. Voltage unbalances, load's imbalances are issues that not simultaneously included in the power equation in four-wire systems. This article eliminates the limitations of electrical engineering in this area by deriving the power equation for three-phase loads supplied with unbalanced voltage.

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Wiens, Marcus, Sebastian Frahm, Philipp Thomas, and Shoaib Kahn. "Holistic simulation of wind turbines with fully aero-elastic and electrical model." Forschung im Ingenieurwesen 85, no. 2 (2021): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10010-021-00479-6.

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AbstractRequirements for the design of wind turbines advance facing the challenges of a high content of renewable energy sources in the public grid. A high percentage of renewable energy weaken the grid and grid faults become more likely, which add additional loads on the wind turbine. Load calculations with aero-elastic models are standard for the design of wind turbines. Components of the electric system are usually roughly modeled in aero-elastic models and therefore the effect of detailed electrical models on the load calculations is unclear. A holistic wind turbine model is obtained, by c

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11

Annan, John Kojo, and Vitalis Dassah. "A Prioritised Automatic Switching Algorithm for Load Shedding Using Labview." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science IX, no. III (2024): 110–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.51584/ijrias.2024.90313.

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Load shedding is employed at the Ghana Grid Company (GRIDCo) Tarkwa power substation to ensure a balance between power demand and available power. This involves taking off loads from the power transmission network when demand exceeds available power. Such loads are later reintroduced when available power is adequate to supply applied loads. The traditional technique of load shedding employed at the GRIDCo power substation in Tarkwa requires dropping electrical loads based on frequency variations. This may lead to dropping load of entire sections without consideration of essential loads. Resear

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Yosefin, Yosefin. "Short Term Load Forecasting Menggunakan Metode Koefisien." KILAT 9, no. 1 (2020): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/kilat.v9i1.761.

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Electrical energy has a very important role in national economic growth. With the electrical energy requirements, it is necessary to operate an economical, reliable and quality system. The creation of a template for operating load forecasting for the Java-Bali system uses a coefficient method to calculate weekly loads, daily loads, and loads per ½ hour which is more user friendly. After this Load Forecasting template is applied, the result is a more efficient load deepening in terms of file size and time, and is more effective with the results of the calculation of electric energy (1.71%), ele

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Abumohsen, Mobarak, Amani Yousef Owda, and Majdi Owda. "Electrical Load Forecasting Using LSTM, GRU, and RNN Algorithms." Energies 16, no. 5 (2023): 2283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16052283.

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Forecasting the electrical load is essential in power system design and growth. It is critical from both a technical and a financial standpoint as it improves the power system performance, reliability, safety, and stability as well as lowers operating costs. The main aim of this paper is to make forecasting models to accurately estimate the electrical load based on the measurements of current electrical loads of the electricity company. The importance of having forecasting models is in predicting the future electrical loads, which will lead to reducing costs and resources, as well as better el

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14

Chernov, Alekcander E., Ruslan A. Maleev, Dmitry A. Eroshkin, and Elena N. Fedorenko. "Forecasting the magnitude of the electrical load in electrical complexes of aircraft." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 16, no. 1 (2022): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-107124.

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BACKGROUND: The issue of forecasting, analysis and control of electrical load becomes more significant both within the framework of the electrical complex of the summer apparatus as a whole, and for certain groups of electric energy consumers. Forecasting the electrical load is necessary to solve the problem of optimizing the operational state of an electrical complex or system, under constantly changing conditions and changing environment, which entails a change in power. Recently, a relatively new method has often been used, which is based on fuzzy logic. This method is a symbiosis of fuzzy

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15

Soluyanov, Yu I., A. I. Fedotov, A. R. Akhmetshin, and V. I. Soluyanov. "Analysis of the actual electrical loads of public premises embedded in residential buildings." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 23, no. 6 (2022): 134–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2021-23-6-134-147.

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THE PURPOSE. With the help of data from smart electricity meters, an analysis of the profiles of electrical loads of commercial organizations that are part of apartment buildings was carried out. The results obtained are compared with their current standard values. New values of specific electrical loads for public premises are considered: pharmacies, grocery and manufactured goods stores, catering establishments, office premises.METHODS. Half-hour load profiles were obtained from intelligent electricity metering devices installed directly at the objects under study, data transmission was carr

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16

Kovernikova, L., and V. C. Luong. "Nonlinear load modeling for analysis of non-sinusoidal conditions in electrical networks based on measurements of harmonic parameters." Energy Systems Research, no. 3(15) (November 30, 2021): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.38028/esr.2021.03.0001.

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Non-sinusoidal conditions in electrical networks need to be calculated for their control and development of technical measures to maintain harmonic parameters according to the requirements of regulatory documents. These calculations are impossible without electrical network and nonlinear load models that adequately reflect them in computational programs. Nonlinear load models have been developed for a long time. Some studies present general modeling principles and models of various nonlinear devices. Others consider some nonlinear devices as equivalent nonlinear loads connected to low and medi

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17

Quoc Cuong, Luu, A. M. Makletsov, A. Alzakkar, V. V. Maksimov, and I. F. Galiev. "Development of an algorithm for symmetrizing loads in networks of 0,4 kV at a distributed load along a line." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 24, no. 2 (2022): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-2-87-97.

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PURPOSE. Consider the problem of unbalance of loads in electrical 0.4 kV networks, causing additional losses of electricity. Particular attention should be paid to networks with predominantly single-phase loads distributed along 0.4 kV lines. (rural electrical networks). To analyze the methods of balancing voltages and loads, both at the stage of designing electrical networks, and during their operation. Keep in mind that even with a properly designed electrical network with a uniform distribution of single-phase loads by phases during operation, due to the random nature of connecting new load

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18

Venkatasivanagaraju, S., and M. Venkateswara Rao. "Polar Coordinates based N-R Method for Load Modelling in Electrical Power Distribution Systems." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 16 (December 31, 2021): 354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232016.2021.16.35.

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In this paper, load modelling has been done in electrical distribution system using local real time test data. This distribution system supplies base loads, residential, industrial, commercial and composite loads. Using power and current-mismatch functions in polar form, a comprehensive framework for applying the Newton–Raphson method to solve power flow problems is presented. The Newton–Raphson approach for solving power flow problems can be applied in six different ways using these two mismatch functions. For load (PQ)buses and generator (PV) buses, we propose a theoretical framework for ana

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19

Lee, Samuel C. K., Cara N. Becker, and Stuart A. Binder-Macleod. "Activation of human quadriceps femoris muscle during dynamic contractions: effects of load on fatigue." Journal of Applied Physiology 89, no. 3 (2000): 926–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.89.3.926.

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Muscle fatigue is both multifactorial and task dependent. Electrical stimulation may assist individuals with paralysis to perform functional activities [functional electrical stimulation (FES), e.g., standing or walking], but muscle fatigue is a limiting factor. One method of optimizing force is to use stimulation patterns that exploit the catchlike property of skeletal muscle [catchlike-inducing trains (CITs)]. Although nonisometric (dynamic) contractions are important parts of both normal physiological activation of skeletal muscles and FES, no previous studies have attempted to identify the

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20

Wu, Mou, Junqiu Fan, Rujing Yan, et al. "Flexible Regulation and Synergy Analysis of Multiple Loads of Buildings in a Hybrid Renewable Integrated Energy System." Sustainability 16, no. 7 (2024): 2969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16072969.

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The insufficient flexibility of the hybrid renewable integrated energy system (HRIES) causes renewable power curtailment and weak operational performance. The regulation potential of flexible buildings is an effective method for handling this problem. This paper builds a regulation model of flexible heat load according to the dynamic heat characteristics and heat comfort elastic interval of the buildings, as well as a regulation model of the flexible electrical load based on its transferability, resectability, and rigidity. An operation optimization model, which incorporates flexible regulatio

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Cui, Tonghui, Minfang Han, and Meng Ni. "Load Regulation Strategies of Solid Oxide Electrolysis System Coupled with External Heat Sources." ECS Transactions 111, no. 6 (2023): 1877–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11106.1877ecst.

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Solid oxide electrolysis system requires electrical and thermal energy. Five scenarios are defined according to various cases of external heat sources coupling and electrical energy sources. Three methods are proposed to track variations in electrical or thermal load, including constant flow rate (F method), constant steam utilization (Us method) and constant cell operating voltage (V method). Through system process simulation, the applicability of three methods in different scenarios is explored to obtain load regulation strategies. In the scenario coupled with low-temperature heat and interm

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22

Suprianto, Heri Trisna Frianto, Ahmad Farid Bin Abidin, Mohd Faizul bin Md Idros, and Abdul Hadi Abdul Razak. "Electrical Load Control Using PIR Sensor for IoT-based Electrical Power Saving." International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS) 3, no. 4 (2024): 198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.53893/ijrvocas.v3i4.252.

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Wasteful use of electrical energy, apart from the use of electrical loads, is also caused by wasteful and uncontrolled use of electrical loads. Electrical energy that is not used as needed causes electricity waste. This research aims to use the IoT system for electrical automation and monitoring the amount of electricity in a room. In this way, saving electricity and monitoring the amount of electricity can be done easily through the IoT system at anytime and anywhere. The method used in this research is an experimental method, namely designing equipment according to the planned system and pre

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Ge, Yuxue, Bifeng Song, Yang Pei, Yves Mollet, and Johan Gyselinck. "A fuzzy logic based method for fault tolerant hierarchical load management of more electric aircraft." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 233, no. 10 (2018): 3846–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410018807598.

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With the increasing number of electrical loads, load management of the more electric aircraft becomes crucial for reliability and efficiency. One of the major challenge is to develop an optimal and reliable adaptive power control. This paper presents a three-level load management method with dedicated time steps for fault tolerance and increasing calculation efficiency. Both the operative mode and the health level of the loads are taken into account in the control using fuzzy logic. The electrical system of a V-tail more electric aircraft that consists of a generator, an auxiliary power unit,

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Jensen, Wayne, Tim Wentz, and Bruce Fischer. "Proposed LEED Credit for Electrical Load Shedding." Journal of Green Building 4, no. 3 (2009): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.4.3.121.

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The cost of energy is a significant percentage of the operating expense for most buildings. Energy used within buildings is supplied primarily by electricity. Demand for electricity used in industrial and agricultural applications is frequently leveled by shifting portions of peak loads to non-peak periods. Leveling electrical loads reduces the utility's carbon footprint and the cost of generating power. Resulting savings are commonly shared with customers through economic incentives. Similar techniques can be applied to control the energy demand of buildings, with benefits for both the electr

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Tavarov, Saidjon Shiralievich, Alexander Sidorov, Zsolt Čonka, et al. "Control of Operational Modes of an Urban Distribution Grid under Conditions of Uncertainty." Energies 16, no. 8 (2023): 3497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16083497.

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The article is devoted to solving the problem of managing the mode parameters of an urban electrical network in case of a discrepancy between the actual electrical load and the specific load. Such an issue leads to a deviation of the parameters, in particular, voltage asymmetry in phases due to current asymmetry. To optimize the mode parameters, it is required that the effective value of the electrical load corresponds as much as possible to the values of the specific electrical load. This depends on the following: actual power consumption, external (climatic and meteorological) factors, inter

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Kyriakou, Dimitra G., Fotios D. Kanellos, George J. Tsekouras, and Konstantinos A. Moungos. "Effective and Local Constraint-Aware Load Shifting for Microgrid-Based Energy Communities." Energies 18, no. 2 (2025): 343. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18020343.

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The rising energy demand, coupled with increased integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) and fluctuating renewable generation, underscores the need for effective load management within energy communities. This paper addresses these challenges by implementing effective, constraint-aware load shifting within microgrid-based energy communities. Specifically, the goal of this study is to flatten the electrical load profile of a High-Voltage (HV)/Medium-Voltage (MV) power transformer. The load of a central power transformer includes (a) the diverse, fluctuating electrical and thermal dem

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Dicki, Dimas Aditia, and Winarso Winarso. "Prakiraan Beban Puncak Pada Transformator GITET 150 kV Kesugihan Cilacap Menggunakan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan Multilayer Feedforward Dengan Algoritma Backpropagation." Proceedings Series on Physical & Formal Sciences 1 (October 31, 2021): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/pspfs.v1i.127.

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The increasing population and the growth of the industrial world, offices, hotels, and modern markets must be directly proportional to Indonesia's availability of electrical energy. The availability of sufficient electrical energy can affect the quality of life of the people and foster investor confidence in our country. Studies on the prediction (estimation) of peak electrical loads in electricity in Indonesia can be carried out using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method. The estimation of electricity load for the next 5 years is strongly influenced by several parameters, including popu

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Çetinkaya, Nurettin. "Mathematical Programming Based Short Term Load Forecasting Algorithm, Case Study: Turkey 2010." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 3934–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.3934.

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Short-term load forecasting (STLF) is an important problem in the operation of electrical power generation and transmission. In this paper, STLF algorithm was developed for electrical power systems using mathematical programming with Matlab. A fast and efficient computational algorithm has been obtained for STLF. The mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) of daily loads forecast and weekly loads forecast for Turkey are found as 1,76%, 1,92%, respectively.

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Akbar, Januar, Harry Ramza, Agustini Rodiah Machdi, and Agus Sofwan. "Evaluation Study of Power Requirements Planning in Electrical Installations in the Construction of the Pagedangan Tangerang Overpass Bridge." TIME in Physics 2, no. 2 (2024): 111–17. https://doi.org/10.11594/timeinphys.2024.v2i2p111-117.

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The Pagedangan Tangerang Overpass Bridge is one of the transportation infrastructure in the Tangerang area. The installed electrical loads include lighting loads (lamps) and power loads (which of course require a fairly large electrical power supply. The electrical power installed on the Pagedangan Overpass Bridge is 20,300 W. The power supplied from PLN is 33,000 VA from PLN and the total power capacity of the transformer is 37,500 VA. The results of the drop voltage analysis calculation for the PJU lighting load are 5,530 VA. For the analysis results of the drop voltage of 2.00 V, the voltag

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Wu, Sheng, and Kwok L. Lo. "Non-Intrusive Monitoring Algorithm for Resident Loads with Similar Electrical Characteristic." Processes 8, no. 11 (2020): 1385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8111385.

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Non-intrusive load monitoring is a vital part of an overall load management scheme. One major disadvantage of existing non-intrusive load monitoring methods is the difficulty to accurately identify loads with similar electrical characteristics. To overcome the various switching probability of loads with similar characteristics in a specific time period, a new non-intrusive load monitoring method is proposed in this paper which will modify monitoring results based on load switching probability distribution curve. Firstly, according to the addition theorem of load working currents, the complex c

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Ishida, K., P. D. Pare, T. Blogg, and R. R. Schellenberg. "Effects of elastic loading on porcine trachealis muscle mechanics." Journal of Applied Physiology 69, no. 3 (1990): 1033–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.69.3.1033.

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To shorten in vivo, airway smooth muscle must overcome an elastic load provided by cartilage and lung parenchyma. We examined the effects of linear elastic loads (0.2-80 g/cm) on the active changes in porcine trachealis muscle length and tension in response to electrical field stimulation in vitro. Increasing elastic loads produced an exponential decrease in the shortening and velocity of shortening while causing an increase in tension generation of muscle strips stimulated by electrical field stimulation. Shortening was decreased by 50% at a load of 8 g/cm. At small elastic loads (less than o

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Price, Thomas, Gordon Parker, Gail Vaucher, Robert Jane, and Morris Berman. "Microgrid Energy Management during High-Stress Operation." Energies 15, no. 18 (2022): 6589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15186589.

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We consider the energy management of an isolated microgrid powered by photovoltaics (PV) and fuel-based generation with limited energy storage. The grid may need to shed load or energy when operating in stressed conditions, such as when nighttime electrical loads occur or if there is little energy storage capacity. An energy management system (EMS) can prevent load and energy shedding during stress conditions while minimizing fuel consumption. This is important when the loads are high priority and fuel is in short supply, such as in disaster relief and military applications. One example is a l

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Alessandro, Massaro. "INTELLIGENT ELECTRICAL MULTI OUTLETS CONTROLLED AND ACTIVATED BY A DATA MINING ENGINE ORIENTED TO BUILDING ELECTRICAL MANAGEMENT." International Journal on Soft Computing, Artificial Intelligence and Applications (IJSCAI) 7, no. 4 (2022): 01–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6523279.

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In the proposed paper are discussed results of an industry project concerning energy management in building. Specifically the work analyses the improvement of electrical outlets controlled and activated by a logic unit and a data mining engine. The engine executes a Long Short-Terms Memory (LSTM) neural network algorithm able to control, to activate and to disable electrical loads connected to multiple outlets placed into a building and having defined priorities. The priority rules are grouped into two level: the first level is related to the outlet, the second one concerns the loads connected

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Robinson, Michael C., Sara E. Wallace, David C. Woodward, and Gene Engstrom. "US Navy Power Transformer Sizing Requirements Using Probabilistic Analysis." Journal of Ship Production 22, no. 04 (2006): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.2006.22.4.212.

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Sizing power transformers in US Navy ships is an issue that surfaced in the design of a new amphibious assault ship. Previous methods averaged the power output from generators over each transformer and calculated load based on a demand factor curve. This technique is not accurate enough in the contract design stages or for zonal architectures since it artificially averages the electrical loads. The proposed methodology uses a systems engineering approach, applying a probabilistic (Monte Carlo) analysis of the electrical loads at each transformer, based on the electrical load analysis (ELA). Th

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BARAKAT, MOHAMAD-TARIQ, and YOUSIF ELTOUS. "OPTIMUM METHOD FOR SUPPLYING REMOTELY LOCATED ELECTRICAL LOADS USING SOLAR ENERGY." International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing 12, no. 3 (2023): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijcsmc.2023.v12i03.002.

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Usually, each country has many add electric-loads scattered all over the entire region of this country, where such loads are situated at various remote locations with respect to the routes of the National Grid System (NGS) of that particular country. It is thought that it would not be economically feasible to connect such remote loads with the NGS, such issue has been investigated in this paper using 10 KVA load to be supplied by a solar system as an alternative renewable energy resource that couldn’t cause environmental pollution compared with the conventional methods of generating electric p

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Li, Cheng, and Zhenshu Wang. "An Adaptive Interactive Multi-model Electrical Load Modeling Approach with Center-of-mass Fixation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3012, no. 1 (2025): 012039. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3012/1/012039.

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Abstract The time-varying load problem of power systems poses significant challenges to load modeling, which in turn affects the accuracy of digital simulation of electrical systems. The interactive multi-model algorithm (IMM) can effectively deal with the time-varying problem of electrical loads. In this paper, for the application of the IMM algorithm in the field of load modeling, we propose an adaptive interactive multi-model load modeling method for a center-of-mass-fixed model set in a high-dimensional space (CF-AIMM), and through the division of the high-dimensional space, we design a mo

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Salilih, Elias M., and Yilma T. Birhane. "Modeling and Analysis of Photo-Voltaic Solar Panel under Constant Electric Load." Journal of Renewable Energy 2019 (August 1, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9639480.

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This paper presents modelling electrical performance of a typical PV panel/module (which is Kyocera 200GT) for constant electric loads (which are 2Ω, 4Ω, 6Ω, and 8Ω) under weather condition of a tropical region. The specific case of the city Jigjiga (9.35°N,42.8°E), located in the Eastern region of Ethiopia is considered. Electrical characteristics of the PV module are determined on the basis of detailed numerical algorithm, which was designed based on tested numerical technique from reviewed articles. The overall evaluation of the hourly variation in the electrical performance of the PV modul

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Chaiyong, Weerathum, and Somchat Sonasang. "Applications of energy monitoring using the IoT." SNRU Journal of Science and Technology 14, no. 2 (2022): 245041. http://dx.doi.org/10.55674/snrujst.v14i2.245041.

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This paper presents electrical energy measurement and monitoring for an Internet of Things (IoT) home electrical load. Energy monitoring included design, experimentation, and implementation of an IoT system for this purpose. The application used an IoT system based on an ESP8266 micro-controller and a lowcost PZEM-004T current sensor. The ESP8266 has general-purpose pins and a built-in Wi-Fi chip system. Electrical energy was displayed on a smartphone and the data was saved to a cloud system. Experimental results consisted of fixed and variable loads. The fixed loads were of three levels, 100

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Chen, Fung Fei, Seng Cho Chou, and Tai Ken Lu. "Applying Innovative Models for Forecasting Small-Area Peak Electrical Loads." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 1156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.1156.

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The number of Distributed generators is currently increasing, and the electrical industry is trending toward regional supply-and-demand and resource integration. Thus, a model that can forecast small-area peak electrical loads is an indispensable part of power infrastructures. This study constructs innovative model for forecasting small-area peak electrical loads. The main aspects considered were the accuracy of the forecasting model and the convenience of follow-up maintenance and management of the model and data. This study used yearly peak load value and total power data from substations to

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Bjork, C. O., and B. G. Karlsson. "Load Management Applications for Industrial Loads." IEEE Power Engineering Review PER-5, no. 8 (1985): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.1985.5526380.

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Su, Anshun, Zehua Du, and Bo Yin. "Non-invasive load monitoring based on deep learning to identify unknown loads." PLOS ONE 19, no. 2 (2024): e0296979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296979.

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With the rapid development of smart grids, society has become increasingly urgent to solve the problems of low energy utilization efficiency and high energy consumption. In this context, load identification has become a key element in formulating scientific and effective energy consumption plans and reducing unnecessary energy waste. However, traditional load identification methods mainly focus on known electrical equipment, and accurate identification of unknown electrical equipment still faces significant challenges. A new encoding feature space based on Triplet neural networks is proposed i

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Li, Jing, Yarong Ma, Hao Li, Yue Liu, and Yalong Li. "A Load Classification Method Based on Hybrid Clustering of Continuous–Discrete Electricity Consumption Characteristics." Processes 13, no. 4 (2025): 1208. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13041208.

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There are numerous quantities and types of electrical loads, and their electrical characteristics have similarities and differences. To adapt to the development trend of refined management and scheduling on the load side, it is necessary to explore the electricity consumption patterns of loads and classify them. However, the classification performance is affected by data redundancy, the complexity of feature selection, and the diversity of power consumption behavior. To adapt to the development trend of refined management and scheduling on the load side, it is imperative to classify loads base

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Zhu, Ruijin, Weilin Guo, and Xuejiao Gong. "Short-Term Load Forecasting for CCHP Systems Considering the Correlation between Heating, Gas and Electrical Loads Based on Deep Learning." Energies 12, no. 17 (2019): 3308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12173308.

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Combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems is a distributed energy system that uses the power station or heat engine to generate electricity and useful heat simultaneously. Due to its wide range of advantages including efficiency, ecological, and financial, the CCHP will be the main direction of the integrated system. The accurate prediction of heating, gas, and electrical loads plays an essential role in energy management in CCHP systems. This paper combined long short-term memory (LSTM) network and convolutional neural network (CNN) to design a novel hybrid neural network for short-

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Tian, Chuan, Shunli Jiang, Shuai Li, Guohui Feng, and Bin Yu. "Research on the Operation Optimization of Public Building Systems in Extremely Cold Areas Based on Flexible Loads." Energies 17, no. 23 (2024): 5940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17235940.

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The heating energy consumption in public buildings in cold regions is notably significant, presenting substantial scope for energy savings and emission reductions. Flexible loads can actively participate in controlling the operation of the power grid, improving the energy utilization and the economy of the system. This study introduces flexible loads into the operation optimization of energy systems, establishing mathematical models for flexible thermal and electrical loads. A two-stage operation optimization method is proposed: the first stage simulates the starting and stopping control condi

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Kumar, Akash, Bing Yan, and Ace Bilton. "Machine Learning-Based Load Forecasting for Nanogrid Peak Load Cost Reduction." Energies 15, no. 18 (2022): 6721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15186721.

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Increased focus on sustainability and energy decentralization has positively impacted the adoption of nanogrids. With the tremendous growth, load forecasting has become crucial for their daily operation. Since the loads of nanogrids have large variations with sudden usage of large household electrical appliances, existing forecasting models, majorly focused on lower volatile loads, may not work well. Moreover, abrupt operation of electrical appliances in a nanogrid, even for shorter durations, especially in “Peak Hours,” raises the energy cost substantially. In this paper, an ANN model with dy

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Mari, Simone, Giovanni Bucci, Fabrizio Ciancetta, Edoardo Fiorucci, and Andrea Fioravanti. "A New NILM System Based on the SFRA Technique and Machine Learning." Sensors 23, no. 11 (2023): 5226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23115226.

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In traditional nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) systems, the measurement device is installed upstream of an electrical system to acquire the total aggregate absorbed power and derive the powers absorbed by the individual electrical loads. Knowing the energy consumption related to each load makes the user aware and capable of identifying malfunctioning or less-efficient loads in order to reduce consumption through appropriate corrective actions. To meet the feedback needs of modern home, energy, and assisted environment management systems, the nonintrusive monitoring of the power status (ON

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Tolegenova, G., A. Zakirova, and A. Astankevich. "Models and methods for forecasting electrical loads." BULLETIN of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Technical Science and Technology Series 143, no. 2 (2023): 260–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7263-2023-143-2-260-268.

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Currently, the prediction of electrical loads is an important task. On the basis of forecasts, the operating modes of stations, the network configuration are calculated, the efficiency and quality of electric power is estimated, the schedule of repair work is calculated, etc. The electric load forecasting model is one of the foresight tools for making management decisions when managing electric power systems. This article consists in the construction, evaluation and comparative study of various models for forecasting electricity consumption. The following approaches and methods in forecasting

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Tsagarakis, George, Adam Collin, and Aristides Kiprakis. "A Statistical Survey of the UK Residential Sector Electrical Loads." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 14, no. 5 (2013): 509–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2013-0078.

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Abstract This article presents a comprehensive statistical analysis of data obtained from a wide range of literature on the most widely used appliances in the UK residential load sector, as well as a comprehensive technology and market survey conducted by the authors. The article focuses on the individual appliances and begins by consideration of the electrical operations performed by the load. This approach allows for the loads to be categorised based on the electrical characteristics, which is particularly important for implementing load-use statistics in power system analysis. In addition t

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OLCAY, Kadir, and Nurettin ÇETİNKAYA. "Investigation of the effects of electric vehicle charging stations and solar energy integration on grid performance." Journal of Scientific Reports-A, no. 055 (December 31, 2023): 206–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.59313/jsr-a.1397996.

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In this study, the negative effects of electric vehicle charging stations, whose use has rapidly increased all over the world in the last few years, on the electricity network were analyzed. The charging station was purchased and installed in a suitable area. Measurements taken using the energy analyzer at this charging station were examined. An electrical network model has been prepared. IEEE 6-bus power test system data was used for this model. The model was built using Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP). In addition to the existing loads on the electricity grid, the loads that wil

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Putra Halim, Nober Pratama, Muhammad Iqbal Arsyad, and Purworaharjo Purworaharjo. "STUDYING THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FOR THE NEEDS OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY AT THE PORT OF KIJING." Journal of Electrical Engineering, Energy, and Information Technology (J3EIT) 11, no. 2 (2023): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/j3eit.v11i2.68499.

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Electricity is one of the most important aspects of human life. It is required in various sectors. To maintain stability, electricity providers need to accurately forecast the demand for electricity. This research utilizes the Simple Linear Regression method with the assistance of Excel simulation. Based on the calculations, the analysis reveals the estimated power requirement for industrial load at Pelabuhan Kijing, particularly for the next 10 years, with a minimum of 4,053,685 Watts (4.053685 MVA) based on the predicted power consumption for each year, which experiences an average annual in

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