Journal articles: 'Electrical Machine'

1

Müller, Samuel, David Maier, and Nejila Parspour. "Inductive Electrically Excited Synchronous Machine for Electrical Vehicles—Design, Optimization and Measurement." Energies 16, no. 4 (February 7, 2023): 1657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041657.

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The demand for electric machines has been rising steadily for several years—mainly due to the move away from the combustion engine. Synchronous motors with rare earth permanent magnets are widely used due to their high power densities. These magnets are cost-intensive, cost-sensitive and often environmentally harmful. In addition to dispensing with permanent magnets, electrically excited synchronous machines offer the advantage of an adjustable excitation and, thus, a higher efficiency in the partial load range in field weakening operation. Field weakening operation is relevant for the application of vehicle traction drive. The challenge of this machine type is the need for an electrical power transfer system, usually achieved with slip rings. Slip rings wear out, generate dust and are limited in power density and maximum speed due to vibrations. This article addresses an electrically excited synchronous machine with a wireless power transfer onto the rotor. From the outset, the machine is designed with a wireless power transfer system for use in a medium-sized electric vehicle. As an example, the requirements are derived from the BMW’s i3. The wireless power transfer system is integrated into the hollow shaft of the rotor. Unused space is thus utilized. The overall system is optimized for high efficiency, especially for partial load at medium speed, with an operation point-depending optimization method. The results are compared with the reference permanent magnet excited machine. A prototype of the machine is built and measured on the test bench. The measured efficiency of the inductive electrically excited synchronous machine is up to 4% higher than that of the reference machine of the BMW i3.

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Podgornovs, Andrejs, and Anton Sipovics. "Electromechanical Battery, Electrical Machines Mass Functions Analysis." Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. Power and Electrical Engineering 28, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10144-011-0009-7.

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Electromechanical Battery, Electrical Machines Mass Functions AnalysisIn this paper different types of electrical machines in electromechanical battery, were described. The most known manufactured battery data is composed. Three types of machines: synchronous machine with salient poles and electromagnetic excitation, with permanent magnets on rotor and reluctance synchronous machine were analyzed. For all types of machines, mass is function of general geometrical size of magnetic system and machines electrical power.

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Jong, H. C. J. De. "Scale Aspects of Electrical Machine Inductances." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 32, no. 2 (April 1995): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072099503200208.

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Scale aspects of electrical machine inductances Winding inductances have a natural trend to grow with increasing size. This may cause problems to electrical machines if, within a wide size range, the required per-unit values of certain reactances are more or less fixed. After having touched the transformer situation, two electrical machine solutions will be discussed: partial compartmentization of winding; interdependence of frequency and pole number.

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Bobba, Phaneendra Babu, G. Sandhya Rani, and Burra Sujan Goud. "A Comparative Study on Conventional and Superconducting Electrical Machines." E3S Web of Conferences 391 (2023): 01211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339101211.

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This paper investigates the potential benefits of utilizing superconducting materials in machines. The project focuses on replacing the conventional copper windings with superconducting materials in a machine. The machine is modelled and simulated using ANSYS software, both with conventional copper windings and with superconducting windings. A 3.7kw and 11kw 3 phase Induction machines are simulated with YBCO material applied to stator and rotor windings. The results show that the use of superconducting materials in the machine windings can significantly reduce energy losses and improve machine efficiency by 1 to 10%. Overall, the study suggests that superconducting machines offer a promising avenue for improving energy efficiency and reducing operating costs.

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Boglietti, Aldo, Ayman M. El-Refaie, Oliver Drubel, Avoki M. Omekanda, Nicola Bianchi, Emmanuel B. Agamloh, Mircea Popescu, Antonino Di Gerlando, and James Borg Bartolo. "Electrical Machine Topologies: Hottest Topics in the Electrical Machine Research Community." IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine 8, no. 2 (June 2014): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mie.2013.2294077.

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Shah, S. B., B. Silwal, and A. Lehikoinen. "Effciency of an Electrical Machine in Electric Vehicle Application." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 11, no. 1 (March 29, 2016): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v11i1.14692.

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Machines have always made life simpler, directly or indirectly. They have been developed for a very wide range of applications. For the per- formance analysis of any machine, one important parameter to be considered is the machine loss. This consideration has signifcances like determining the effciency of the machine which in turn infuences the operating cost, determining the heating of machine and for accounting the voltage drops or current component associated with the cause of the losses and many more. Losses in electrical machines can be categorized according to the causes or phenomena that produce them. The effciency of an electrical machine directly depends on different kind of losses in the machine. Therefore, in this paper we primarily focus on the losses in the machine. First, all possible losses, their causes and effects in an electrical machine have been explained. A brief account of calculating those losses has also been explained. The standard method of calculating the effciency follows after that. Finally, a fnite element analysis is performed for a test machine and the losses and the effciency of the test machine is stud- ied. Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2015, 11(1): 20-29

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Moreno, Yerai, Gaizka Almandoz, Aritz Egea, Patxi Madina, and Ana Julia Escalada. "Multi-Physics Tool for Electrical Machine Sizing." Energies 13, no. 7 (April 2, 2020): 1651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071651.

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Society is turning to electrification to reduce air pollution, increasing electric machine demand. For industrial mass production, a detailed design of one machine is usually done first, then a design of similar machines, but different ratings are reached by geometry scaling. This design process may be highly time-consuming, so, in this paper, a new sizing method is proposed to reduce this time, maintaining accuracy. It is based on magnetic flux and thermal maps, both linked with an algorithm so that the sizing process of an electrical machine can be carried out in less than one minute. The magnetic flux maps are obtained by Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and the thermal maps are obtained by analytical models based on Lumped Parameter Circuits (LPC), applying a time-efficient procedure. The proposed methodology is validated in a real case study, sizing 10 different industrial machines. Then, the accuracy of the sizing tool is validated performing the experimental test over the 10 machines. A very good agreement is achieved between the experimental results and the performances calculated by the sizing tools, as the maximum error is around 5%.

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Selema, Ahmed, Mohamed N. Ibrahim, and Peter Sergeant. "Electrical Machines Winding Technology: Latest Advancements for Transportation Electrification." Machines 10, no. 7 (July 12, 2022): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10070563.

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The ever-increasing demand for higher-power dense electrical machines has resulted in different electrical, mechanical, and thermal stresses, which can eventually cause machine failure. For this reason, the management of stresses and losses must be thoughtfully investigated to have a highly reliable electrical machine. The literature agrees that winding losses are the dominant loss mechanism in many electrical machines. However, statements vary on how to mitigate these losses along with the aforementioned stresses. To avoid winding failure, a study of the various winding topologies would allow for a better consideration of the challenges and limitations in the performance of different electrical machines. To this aim, this paper introduces a comprehensive review for different winding topologies. Many reported cases in the literature are summarized and compared. Moreover, the utilization of additive manufacturing (AM) in the production of the machine windings is presented, showing a high level of maturity of this emerging technology. Finally, different challenges facing the design of machine windings are introduced including the AC high frequency losses, thermal management, mechanical and acoustic problems, insulation aging, automated production, and winding manufacturability.

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Greenslade, Thomas B. "The hydro‐electrical machine." Physics Teacher 32, no. 4 (April 1994): 210–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2343971.

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Liu, Xiping, Dong Chen, Liang Yi, Chao Zhang, and Min Wang. "Comparison and Analysis of Magnetic-Geared Permanent Magnet Electrical Machine at No-Load." Archives of Electrical Engineering 63, no. 4 (December 11, 2014): 683–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aee-2014-0047.

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Abstract Magnetic-geared permanent magnet (MGPM) electrical machine is a new type of machine by incorporating magnetic gear into PM electrical machine, and it may be in operation with low-speed, high-torque and direct-driven. In this paper, three types of MGPM machines are present, and a quantitative comparison among them is performed by finite element analysis (FEA). The magnetic field distribution, stable torque and back EMF are obtained at no-load. The results show that three types of MGPM machine are suitable for different application fields respectively according to their own advantages, such as high torque and back EMF, which form an important foundation for MGPM electrical machine research.

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Silwal, Bishal, and Peter Sergeant. "Thermally Induced Mechanical Stress in the Stator Windings of Electrical Machines." Energies 11, no. 8 (August 14, 2018): 2113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11082113.

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The lifetime of an electrical machine mainly depends on the thermal overloading. Modern day applications of electrical machines on one hand require compact machines with high power density, while on the other hand force electrical machines to undergo frequent temperature cycling. Until recently, in the case of electrical machines, the main factor related to the degradation of the winding insulation was thought to be the thermal oxidization of the insulation materials. It has now been revealed that thermal overloading can also induce mechanical stress in the windings of electrical machines, which over time could lead to fatigue and degradation. In this paper, a comprehensive study of the thermally induced mechanical stress in the windings of an electrical machine is presented. The study is performed using combined thermo-mechanical models. The numerical results are validated by experiments on a segmented stator winding set-up.

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Naseer, Muhammad Usman, Ants Kallaste, Bilal Asad, Toomas Vaimann, and Anton Rassõlkin. "A Review on Additive Manufacturing Possibilities for Electrical Machines." Energies 14, no. 7 (March 31, 2021): 1940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071940.

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This paper presents current research trends and prospects of utilizing additive manufacturing (AM) techniques to manufacture electrical machines. Modern-day machine applications require extraordinary performance parameters such as high power-density, integrated functionalities, improved thermal, mechanical & electromagnetic properties. AM offers a higher degree of design flexibility to achieve these performance parameters, which is impossible to realize through conventional manufacturing techniques. AM has a lot to offer in every aspect of machine fabrication, such that from size/weight reduction to the realization of complex geometric designs. However, some practical limitations of existing AM techniques restrict their utilization in large scale production industry. The introduction of three-dimensional asymmetry in machine design is an aspect that can be exploited most with the prevalent level of research in AM. In order to take one step further towards the enablement of large-scale production of AM-built electrical machines, this paper also discusses some machine types which can best utilize existing developments in the field of AM.

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13

Railton, R., J. Fisher, A. Sinclair, and J. M. Shrigmankar. "Comparison of Electrical Measurements on Constant Voltage and Constant Current ECT Machines." British Journal of Psychiatry 151, no. 2 (August 1987): 244–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.151.2.244.

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Electrical measurements were made during treatment of two groups of patients, one group receiving treatment from a constant current ECT machine and the other from a constant voltage machine. The electrical impedance and energy were calculated and compared for the two groups. More energy was delivered by the constant voltage than by the constant current machine, but the spread of energy delivered was comparable. With a consistent technique for applying the electrodes there is little to choose between these machines, but the constant current machine may be preferred where consistency cannot be achieved.

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Guven, Ebu Yusuf, Sueda Gulgun, Ceyda Manav, Behice Bakir, and Zeynep Gurkas Aydin. "Multiple Classification of Cyber Attacks Using Machine Learning." Electrica 22, no. 2 (June 6, 2022): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54614/electrica.2022.22031.

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15

Levchenko, Larysa, Nataliia Ausheva, Nataliia Karaieva, Valentyn Glyva, and Nataliia Burdeina. "MODELING OF THE EXTERNAL MAGNETIC FIELD OF ELECTRIC MACHINES." Advanced Information Systems 8, no. 1 (February 26, 2024): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2522-9052.2024.1.03.

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Powerful electric machines – such as electric generators, electric motors generate a magnetic field of great tension. These fields negatively effect on personnel and can to violate the stability of electronic equipment. To determine safe areas for workers, laying communication cables and placing sensitive electronic equipment, it is advisable to model the propagation of magnetic fields of electrical machines. This will make it possible to rationalize the placing of electrical equipment at design stages. The most common high-power electrical machines are four-pole electrical machines with a dipole-quadrupole structure of the external magnetic field. The purpose of the research is a development of models of the propagation of the external magnetic field generated by alternating current electric machines. Results of the research: it is substantiated that to simulate the propagation of the magnetic field of electric machines, it is advisable to use the Gauss equation for the magnetic scalar potential. This will make it possible to take into account the required number of spatial harmonics of the magnetic field to ensure an acceptable calculation error. An electric machine is considered in a spherical approximation. Calculations were carried out in spherical coordinates. The distances were determined in relative radii of the electric machine - the ratio of the radius of the machine to the definition of field strength. The calculations were made for two planes of spherical coordinates and a three-dimensional image was obtained. As a result of the simulation, it is possible to determine the magnetic field strength of a four-pole electric machine at selected distances and directions around the electric machine with the required accuracy. It has been established that there are points of zero external magnetic field strength around electrical machines. Verification of the simulation results was carried out using the method of full-scale measurements of the magnetic field strength around a real four-pole machine. The measurement results showed acceptable agreement with the calculated data. Conclusions: the chosen approach and the results of modeling the propagation of the external magnetic field of electrical machines can be used to design the placement of electrical equipment, taking into account the requirements for electromagnetic safety and electromagnetic compatibility of technical equipment.

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Mueller, M. A., and N. J. Baker. "Direct drive electrical power take-off for offshore marine energy converters." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 219, no. 3 (May 1, 2005): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095765005x7574.

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This paper investigates the issues associated with converting the energy produced by marine renewable energy converters, namely wave and tidal stream devices, into electricity using direct drive electrical power take-off, without use of complex pneumatic, hydraulic or other mechanical linkages. In order to demonstrate the issues, two alternative topologies of linear electrical machines are investigated: the linear vernier hybrid permanent magnet machine and the air-cored tubular permanent magnet machine. The electrical characteristics of these machines are described and compared in the context of mechanical integration. Potential solutions to the issues of sealing, corrosion and lubrication are discussed taking into account the electrical properties of the two topologies.

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Robinson, John, Sai Priya Munagala, Arun Arjunan, Nick Simpson, Ryan Jones, Ahmad Baroutaji, Loganathan T. Govindaraman, and Iain Lyall. "Electrical Conductivity of Additively Manufactured Copper and Silver for Electrical Winding Applications." Materials 15, no. 21 (October 28, 2022): 7563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15217563.

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Efficient and power-dense electrical machines are critical in driving the next generation of green energy technologies for many industries including automotive, aerospace and energy. However, one of the primary requirements to enable this is the fabrication of compact custom windings with optimised materials and geometries. Electrical machine windings rely on highly electrically conductive materials, and therefore, the Additive Manufacturing (AM) of custom copper (Cu) and silver (Ag) windings offers opportunities to simultaneously improve efficiency through optimised materials, custom geometries and topology and thermal management through integrated cooling strategies. Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) is the most mature AM technology for metals, however, laser processing highly reflective and conductive metals such as Cu and Ag is highly challenging due to insufficient energy absorption. In this regard, this study details the 400 W L-PBF processing of high-purity Cu, Ag and Cu–Ag alloys and the resultant electrical conductivity performance. Six Cu and Ag material variants are investigated in four comparative studies characterising the influence of material composition, powder recoating, laser exposure and electropolishing. The highest density and electrical conductivity achieved was 88% and 73% IACS, respectively. To aid in the application of electrical insulation coatings, electropolishing parameters are established to improve surface roughness. Finally, proof-of-concept electrical machine coils are fabricated, highlighting the potential for 400 W L-PBF processing of Cu and Ag, extending the current state of the art.

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Raja, Hadi Ashraf, Karolina Kudelina, Bilal Asad, Toomas Vaimann, Ants Kallaste, Anton Rassõlkin, and Huynh Van Khang. "Signal Spectrum-Based Machine Learning Approach for Fault Prediction and Maintenance of Electrical Machines." Energies 15, no. 24 (December 15, 2022): 9507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249507.

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Industrial revolution 4.0 has enabled the advent of new technological advancements, including the introduction of information technology with physical devices. The implementation of information technology in industrial applications has helped streamline industrial processes and make them more cost-efficient. This combination of information technology and physical devices gave birth to smart devices, which opened up a new research area known as the Internet of Things (IoT). This has enabled researchers to help reduce downtime and maintenance costs by applying condition monitoring on electrical machines utilizing machine learning algorithms. Although the industry is trying to move from scheduled maintenance towards predictive maintenance, there is a significant lack of algorithms related to fault prediction of electrical machines. There is quite a lot of research going on in this area, but it is still underdeveloped and needs a lot more work. This paper presents a signal spectrum-based machine learning approach toward the fault prediction of electrical machines. The proposed method is a new approach to the predictive maintenance of electrical machines. This paper presents the details regarding the algorithm and then validates the accuracy against data collected from working electrical machines for both cases. A comparison is also presented at the end of multiple machine learning algorithms used for training based on this approach.

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Afenchenko, R. V., V. A. Barskii, D. S. Kurdyumov, and A. V. Malyar. "Automated electrical machine test facilities." Russian Electrical Engineering 86, no. 10 (October 2015): 567–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s106837121510003x.

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Rickson, C. "Electrical machine core imperfection detection." IEE Proceedings B Electric Power Applications 133, no. 3 (1986): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-b.1986.0026.

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Biernat, Adam, and Włodzimierz Przyborowski. "Measuring system for comprehensive testing of electrical machines." Bulletin of the Military University of Technology 69, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.2791.

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The article presents a measuring system designed for a comprehensive experimental testing of various types of electric machines. These tests include measurements of electrical, electromagnetic, kinematic, as well as mechanical and thermal quantities. The basic measurements of electrical machines include currents and voltages in electrical circuits, including voltages on resistive and generally impedance elements of these circuits, and induced voltages. Depending on the machine class and type, the measured values are constant or change over time. Some magnitudes of electromagnetic transformations are measured in the area of machine construction. In addition, the parameters of the measured values of the type of signal discriminants (average, effective and maximum values) and their waveforms are presented. Due to the wide range of machine state parameters, i.e. its state variables - in different load states, the multiplicity of these signals and the need to know their different characteristics, it becomes necessary to use individually adopted signal processing subsystems, i.e. signal acquisition systems, in the measuring systems. It is now possible thanks to the development in the CAM (Computer Aided Measurement) programming, for example using the graphical programming language of the integrated LabVIEW system. The article also presents examples of subsystems for the acquisition of measurements of nonelectromagnetic signals like vibrational and acoustic ones generated in machines. Keywords: electric machines, measurements, measuring system

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Frosini, Lucia. "Novel Diagnostic Techniques for Rotating Electrical Machines—A Review." Energies 13, no. 19 (September 27, 2020): 5066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195066.

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This paper aims to update the review of diagnostic techniques for rotating electrical machines of different type and size. Each of the main sections of the paper is focused on a specific component of the machine (stator and rotor windings, magnets, bearings, airgap, load and auxiliaries, stator and rotor laminated core) and divided into subsections when the characteristics of the component are different according to the type or size of the machine. The review considers both the techniques currently applied on field for the diagnostics of the electrical machines and the novel methodologies recently proposed by the researchers in the literature.

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Dhyani, Saurabh, Sumit Kumar, Maya P. Shelke, Sudhanshu S. Gonge, and P. S. G. Aruna Sri. "Optimized Electrical Machine Operation Scheduling using Classification Learning." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 18 (December 31, 2023): 330–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232016.2023.18.34.

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Scheduling electrical machines based on consumer demands improves the efficiency of the purpose through flawless allocations. However, due to peak utilization and maximum run-time of the machines, the chances of schedule mismatch and overlapping are common in large production scales. In this paper, an Operation Scheduling process (OSP) using Classification Learning (CL) is proposed. The proposed process classifies operation schedules based on overlapping and mismatching intervals post-output completion. The classification is performed using interval stoppage and re-scheduling performed between successive completion intervals. This is required to improve the output success rate for simultaneous machine operations. Therefore the scheduling is improved regardless of distinct tasks allocated with better outcomes.

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Ivshin, Igor Vladimirovich, Andrey Michailovich Kopylov, and Alfred Robertovich Safin. "Numerical Modeling of Dynamic Processes of the Reciprocating Reversible Electrical Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 792 (September 2015): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.792.134.

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Now rotational electrical machines are used mainly for the implementation a reciprocating motion of working mechanisms and also as the electric generators powered by internal combustion engines. It is achieved by means of the kinematic transfers complicating a design and reducing the drive efficiency. The use of linear reciprocating electric machines allows to eliminate these defects. It should be noted that the most effective ones are the cylindrical designs of reciprocating electric machines with permanent magnets, whose efficiency reaches 93 – 95%. However, the rarity and lack of a mass production of this machine type and special recommendations for their design causes the need of research, directed on search of optimum constructive decisions. The article describes the types of linear electrical machines and summarizes the results of numerical modeling of dynamic characteristics for the three versions of the reciprocating cylindrical machine with permanent magnets of 10 kW with the oscillation frequency of the translator 20 Hz and the length of operating cycle of 120 mm. The most effective design parameters of linear electric machine were determined on the basis of its specific characteristics and analysis of the EMF graphics shape, appearing on the stator windings in the generator mode.

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Pham, Thang, Patrick Kwon, and Shanelle Foster. "Additive Manufacturing and Topology Optimization of Magnetic Materials for Electrical Machines—A Review." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020283.

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Additive manufacturing has many advantages over traditional manufacturing methods and has been increasingly used in medical, aerospace, and automotive applications. The flexibility of additive manufacturing technologies to fabricate complex geometries from copper, polymer, and ferrous materials presents unique opportunities for new design concepts and improved machine power density without significantly increasing production and prototyping cost. Topology optimization investigates the optimal distribution of single or multiple materials within a defined design space, and can lead to unique geometries not realizable with conventional optimization techniques. As an enabling technology, additive manufacturing provides an opportunity for machine designers to overcome the current manufacturing limitation that inhibit adoption of topology optimization. Successful integration of additive manufacturing and topology optimization for fabricating magnetic components for electrical machines can enable new tools for electrical machine designers. This article presents a comprehensive review of the latest achievements in the application of additive manufacturing, topology optimization, and their integration for electrical machines and their magnetic components.

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Raia, Maria Raluca, Sebastian Ciceo, Fabien Chauvicourt, and Claudia Martis. "Multi-Attribute Machine Learning Model for Electrical Motors Performance Prediction." Applied Sciences 13, no. 3 (January 20, 2023): 1395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13031395.

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Designing an electrical motor is a complex process that needs to deal with the non-linearity phenomena caused by the saturation of the iron at high magnetic field strength, the multi-physical nature of the investigated system and with requirements that may come into conflict. This paper proposes to use geometric parametric models to evaluate the multi-physical performances of electrical machines and build a machine learning model that is able to predict multi-physical characteristics of electrical machines from input geometrical parameters. The focus of this work is to accurately estimate the electromagnetic characteristics, motor losses and stator natural frequencies, using the developed machine learning model, at the early-design stage of the electrical motor, when the information about the housing is not available and to include the model in optimisation loops, to speed-up the computational time. Three individual machine learning models are built for each physics analysed, a model for the torque and back electromotive force harmonic orders, one model for motor losses and another one for natural frequencies of the mode-shapes. The necessary data is obtained by varying the geometrical parameters of 2D electromagnetic and 3D structural motor parametric models. The accuracy of different machine learning regression algorithms are compared to obtain the best model for each physics involved. Ultimately, the developed multi-attribute model is integrated in an optimisation routine, to compare the computational time with the classical finite element analysis (FEA) optimisation approach.

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Khan, Muhammad Amir, Bilal Asad, Karolina Kudelina, Toomas Vaimann, and Ants Kallaste. "The Bearing Faults Detection Methods for Electrical Machines—The State of the Art." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010296.

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Electrical machines are prone to faults and failures and demand incessant monitoring for their confined and reliable operations. A failure in electrical machines may cause unexpected interruptions and require a timely inspection of abnormal conditions in rotating electric machines. This article aims to summarize an up-to-date overview of all types of bearing faults diagnostic techniques by subdividing them into different categories. Different fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) techniques are discussed briefly for prognosis of numerous bearing faults that frequently occur in rotating machines. Conventional approaches, statistical approaches, and artificial intelligence-based architectures such as machine learning and deep learning are discussed summarily for the diagnosis of bearing faults that frequently arise in revolving electrical machines. The most advanced trends for diagnoses of frequent bearing faults based on intelligence and novel applications are reviewed. Future research directions that are helpful to enhance the performance of conventional, statistical, and artificial intelligence (machine learning, deep learning) and novel approaches are well addressed and provide hints for future work.

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Zhang, Xuebei, David Gerada, Zeyuan Xu, Fengyu Zhang, and Chris Gerada. "A Review of Carbon Emissions from Electrical Machine Materials." Electronics 13, no. 9 (April 29, 2024): 1714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13091714.

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As the world embarks on a global mission to tackle climate change, reducing carbon represents a key challenge given the escalating global warming. The U.K. is among many other nations that are determined to decarbonise all sectors and strive to achieve a net zero carbon target by 2050. While much attention has been paid to improving performance and reducing carbon emissions in electrical machines, the current research landscape focuses mainly on the thermal and electromagnetic facets. Surprisingly, carbon emissions from the production stage, especially those related to raw material consumption, remain a largely unexplored area. This paper wishes to shed light on a neglected dimension by providing a comprehensive review of carbon emissions in the manufacture of electrical machines, thus contributing significantly to the wider discourse on carbon emission reduction by comparing the carbon emission values associated with various materials commonly used for the main components of these machines. A further case study is included to assess and explore the impact of material alterations on a synchronous machine, from a carbon emission perspective. A reliable material guide will provide engineers at the design stage with the critical insight needed to make informed material selection decisions, highlighting the critical role of carbon emission values beyond conventional thermal and electromagnetic considerations, achieving sustainable and environmentally conscious electrical machine design.

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Berhausen, Sebastian, and Tomasz Jarek. "Method of Limiting Shaft Voltages in AC Electric Machines." Energies 14, no. 11 (June 5, 2021): 3326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113326.

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The article presents a new method of counteracting shaft voltages and currents in AC electrical machines. It is based on the use of an auxiliary winding located in the stator of the machine. The design of a test stand adapted to the measurement of shaft voltages of the machine, based on the prototype of a synchronous machine with permanent magnets, has been presented. The model was used to conduct a number of laboratory tests aimed at confirming the functionality of the auxiliary winding in various operating states of the machine (including no-load and load condition during generator operation). The article focuses on demonstrating the beneficial effect of the auxiliary winding on the level of induced shaft voltages in an electric machine. In order to confirm the close dependence of the circular flux in the stator yoke on the shaft voltage, shaft voltage measurement results for various cases of external power supply of auxiliary winding forcing a circular flux are presented. Regardless of the laboratory tests, a simulation model of a synchronous machine with permanent magnets, on which calculations were carried out to analyze the work of the auxiliary winding located in the stator yoke, was developed. The article is supplemented by a review of damage to electrical machines with a detailed description of bearing defects, as well as a brief de-scription of issues related to the mechanism of generating shaft voltages and currents in electrical machines and methods of counteracting them.

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Podgornovs, Andrejs, and Antons Sipovichs. "Electromechanical Battery EMB Mass Minimization taking into Account its Electrical Machines Rotor Energy." Electrical, Control and Communication Engineering 7, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ecce-2014-0017.

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Abstract In this paper the electromechanical battery (EMB) with synchronous machine is described. Theoretically, if electrical machines rotor stored energy is known, it is possible to reduce the flywheel mass of electromechanical battery. For example, the efficiency of energy recovery (kilowatt-hours out versus kilowatthours in) in nowadays appliances exceeds 95 % which is considerably better than of any electrochemical battery, such as lead-acid battery. For the rotor stored energy amount calculation, it is necessary to find all geometrical dimensions of the electrical machine. To achieve this goal the iterative calculation method was used. Electromechanical battery mass was analyzed as a discharge process rotation speed function. Taking into account the rotor stored energy, we can increase the minimum rotation speed thus reducing the electrical machine mass and increasing the flywheel mass, which provides EMB cost reduction. Additionally, the possibilities of using numerical approximation calculations of magnetization curves are discussed. Each iteration of numerical application necessary for the method for rapid calculation is essential when calculating the field problems. Nowadays there are a lot of computer added design programs for electromagnetic field calculation in different types of applications, electrical machines and apparatus. For the electromagnetic field calculation process some more commonly used magnetization curve approximation methods are described, and the machine calculation time is tested for different numbers of calculations.

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Tsuji, Hidekazu, Jun Sawamoto, Katsuhiko Seo, and Shinji Kitagami. "M2M (Machine-to-Machine) Technology Trend." IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 133, no. 3 (2013): 520–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.133.520.

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Szucs, Aron, Zlatko Kolondzovski, Jan Westerlund, and Juha Vahala. "Diamond enriched lamination and winding insulation for electrical machines." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 38, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 1245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-10-2018-0397.

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Purpose The thermal management of electrical insulations poses a challenge in electrical devices as electrical insulators are also thermal insulators. Diamond is the best solid electrical insulator and thermal conductor. This can lead to a paradigm change for electrical machine winding and lamination insulation design and thermal management. The paper introduces these techniques and discusses its effect for the design of electrical machines and its potential consequences for electromagnetic analysis, for example, in multi-physics modelling. The diamond winding insulation is patent-pending, but the diamond enriched lamination insulation is published for the benefit of the scientific community. Design/methodology/approach The windings of electrical machines are insulated to avoid contact between the coil and other conductive components, for example, the stator core. The principle of using mica tape and resin impregnation has not changed for a century and is well established to produce main insulation on a complex conductor shape and size. These insulations have poor heat-conducting properties. Similarly, the insulation of laminated steel sheets comprising the stator and rotor restrict heat flow. Diamond-based insulation provides a new path. Increased thermal conductivity means reduced temperature rise and the reduced thermal time constants in multi-physics simulations and system analysis. Findings The largest benefit of a diamond-based core insulation is in electrical machines in which the losses are conducted axially to the coolant. These are machines with radial ducts and effective cooling in the end regions. The main benefit will be in reducing the number of radial ducts that positively affect the size, production costs and the copper losses of the machine. The increased thermal conductivity of the diamond insulation system will reduce the thermal constants noticeably. These will affect system behavior and the corresponding simulation methods. Originality/value Diamond insulation can lead to a paradigm change for electrical machine winding and lamination insulation design and thermal management. It might also lead to new modeling requirements in system analysis.

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Ivanov, N. S., S. V. Zhuravlev, V. A. Kaderov, N. A. Malevich, and Bruno Duine. "Electrical machines with HTS windings – prospective schemes, design algorithm, and specific power dependences." Superconductivity: Fundamental and Applied Research, no. 1 (December 2023): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.62539/2949-5644-2023-0-1-56-64.

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The parameters calculation results for electric machines with HTS armature windings have been provided in this Article. Various machine schemes using HTS field winding, permanent magnets, tooth and annular armature windings have been considered. A design algorithm that takes into account system level requirements, analytical calculations, finite element modeling, as well as heat and mechanical calculation have been proposed. Specific power dependences for 77K and 20K machines have been found from the analytical method and optimization calculation based on it. It has been proved that the method developed allows finding specific power for various machines. Specific power dependences presented in this Article can be used for system level design.

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Sari-Ali, Inchirah, Bachir Chikh-Bled, Omolayo M. Ikumapayi, Zahira Dib, Giulio Lorenzini, and Younes Menni. "Energy Transfer from an Electrical Network-Connected Synchronous Machine." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 55, no. 5 (November 30, 2022): 573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.550502.

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Any alternating electric power supply is always characterized by three reference quantities, which are voltage, electric power and frequency. The generators of power stations are synchronous machines. The present work is based on the modelling of the synchronous machine for a study of the stability of the electricity transmission network. The example considered is a thermal power station of the national network. i.e., Algiers port power station. We have developed a computer program based on MATLAB to simulate the calculations of our multi-variable system. The study presented in this article examines the static stability of a thermal power plant. To make this study a reality, it is necessary to model the synchronous machine. We present the three models of the synchronous machine by emphasizing the role of the shock absorbers and the smoothness of the model with three windings. This work is supported by a spectral analysis based on the eigenvalues of the system.

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Singla, Manish Kumar. "Electrical Load Forecasting Using Machine Learning." International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering 8, no. 3 (June 25, 2019): 615–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30534/ijatcse/2019/45832019.

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Sorgdrager, Albert, Rong-Jie Wang, and Andre Grobler. "Taguchi Method in Electrical Machine Design." SAIEE Africa Research Journal 108, no. 4 (December 2017): 150–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/saiee.2017.8531928.

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Gao, Wei. "Electrical System of Thread Rolling Machine." Advanced Materials Research 546-547 (July 2012): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.546-547.301.

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The thesis designs a new kind of electrical system of thread rolling machine. The design bases on the grating, microchip and has quick response, which overcomes the drawback of the electrical system basing on PLC.

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Feodorov, A. B., V. I. Afanasov, R. S. Miroshnikov, K. R. Maslov, and A. V. Bushkina. "Internal combustion engine as electrical machine." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 194 (November 15, 2018): 022009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/194/2/022009.

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Viloria, Amelec, Alexa Senior Naveda, Hugo Hernández Palma, William Niebles Núñez, and Leonardo Niebles Núñez. "Electrical Consumption Patterns through Machine Learning." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1432 (January 2020): 012093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1432/1/012093.

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Skubov, D., A. Lukin, and I. Popov. "Bifurcation curves for synchronous electrical machine." Nonlinear Dynamics 83, no. 4 (November 21, 2015): 2323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11071-015-2483-5.

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Takezawa, Hideki, Naotake Mohri, Kouhei Asano, and Yasunori Kodama. "Development of Micro Electrical Discharge Machine." International Journal of Automation Technology 2, no. 2 (March 5, 2008): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2008.p0124.

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Micro-EDM Machining Center with rapidly sharpened electrodes was developed in order to implement the precision micromachining. With the proposed machining system, the hybrid system of thin electrode forming and micro-EDM can be carried out on the same machine. It is the hybrid system that combined EDM with ECM. The developed machining system consists of two types of driving devices for gap distance control. One is stepping motor controlled stage and the other is piezo electric tube. The former one is for coarse adjustment and the latter is for fine adjustment. In this paper, we describe the characteristics of the developed machining system with some micromachining results.

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Wang, Zepeng, Yuan Chen, and Juwei Zhang. "Machine Translation of Electrical Terminology Constraints." Information 14, no. 9 (September 20, 2023): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info14090517.

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In practical applications, the accuracy of domain terminology translation is an important criterion for the performance evaluation of domain machine translation models. Aiming at the problem of phrase mismatch and improper translation caused by word-by-word translation of English terminology phrases, this paper constructs a dictionary of terminology phrases in the field of electrical engineering and proposes three schemes to integrate the dictionary knowledge into the translation model. Scheme 1 replaces the terminology phrases of the source language. Scheme 2 uses the residual connection at the encoder end after the terminology phrase is replaced. Scheme 3 uses a segmentation method of combining character segmentation and terminology segmentation for the target language and uses an additional loss module in the training process. The results show that all three schemes are superior to the baseline model in two aspects: BLEU value and correct translation rate of terminology words. In the test set, the highest accuracy of terminology words was 48.3% higher than that of the baseline model. The BLEU value is up to 3.6 higher than the baseline model. The phenomenon is also analyzed and discussed in this paper.

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Li, Min, Mohammad Hossain Mohammadi, Tanvir Rahman, and David Lowther. "Analysis and design of electrical machines with material uncertainties in iron and permanent magnet." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 36, no. 5 (September 4, 2017): 1326–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-02-2017-0110.

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Purpose Manufacturing processes, such as laminations, may introduce uncertainties in the magnetic properties of materials used in electrical machines. This issue, together with magnetization errors, can cause serious deterioration in the performance of the machines. Hence, stochastic material models are required for the study of the influences of the material uncertainties. The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology to study the impact of magnetization pattern uncertainties in permanent magnet electric machines. Design/methodology/approach The impacts of material uncertainties on the performances of an interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine were analyzed using two different robustness metrics (worst-case analysis and statistical study). In addition, two different robust design formulations were applied to robust multi-objective machine design problems. Findings The computational analyses show that material uncertainties may result in deviations of the machine performances and cause nominal solutions to become non-robust. Originality/value In this paper, the authors present stochastic models for the quantification of uncertainties in both ferromagnetic and permanent magnet materials. A robust multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is demonstrated and successfully applied to the robust design optimization of an IPM machine considering manufacturing errors and operational condition changes.

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Kumar Reddy, Chittimilla Shravan, Muthiah Ramaswamy, and Kartigeyan Jayaraman. "Investigative study on the properties of magnetic materials for electrical machines." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 32, no. 1 (October 1, 2023): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v32.i1.pp71-79.

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<p><span>The paper attempts to investigate the properties of the magnetic materials used in the construction of rotating electric machines, with a view to arrive at the appropriate choice for the induction motors in particular. Measurement of magnetic properties for rotating electrical machines are more important to both machine designer and operator. This paper discusses the influence of magnetic properties of electrical steel on performance of electrical machine. Here properties like BH curve, core loss, permeability and other vital parameters are measured using 400×400 Epstein tester over wide range flux density and frequency up to 50 Hz and 400 Hz. The results measured in terms of the core loss, BH curve and permeability showcase the benefits to decide on the suitability of the material for use in practice.</span></p>

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Sivasubramaniyam, Vigneselvan, Suganthi Ramasamy, Manikandan Venkatraman, Gianluca Gatto, and Amit Kumar. "Carbon Nanotubes as an Alternative to Copper Wires in Electrical Machines: A Review." Energies 16, no. 9 (April 24, 2023): 3665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16093665.

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The surge in electric vehicles (EVs) and their electrical appliances requires highly efficient, lightweight electrical machines with better performance. However, conventional wire used for electrical machine windings have certain limits to the current requirements. Copper is a commonly used material in electrical windings, and due to its ohmic resistance, it causes 75% of total losses in electrical machines (copper losses). The high mass of the copper results in a bulky system size, and the winding temperature of copper is always maintained at less than 150 °C to preserve the thermal insulation of the electric machine of the windings. On the other hand, carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotube materials have superior electrical conductivity properties and mechanical properties. Carbon nanotubes ensure 100 MS/m of electrical conductivity, which is higher than the copper electrical conductivity of 59.6 MS/m. In the literature, various carbon nanotubes have been studied based on electrical conductivity, temperature co-efficient with resistivity, material thickness and strength, insulation, and efficiency of the materials. Here, we review the electrical and mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanotube composite materials are reviewed with copper windings for electrical wires.

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Patil, Ankit P., G. V. Thakre, and A. M. Kakde. "Problem Identification on Bamboo Stripping Process." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 1863–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41666.

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Abstract: At Present the Bamboo stripping is done manually and some sort of machines are available in market but did not achieve minimum thickness of 2mm so that is the reason we are planning to develop a machine will achieve min 2 mm thicken bamboo strip using pneumatic and electrical energy as the machine is fully Automatic and operated even by unskilled labour. Keywords: 2 mm thickness, Fully Automatic, Pneumatic, Electrical, Unskilled labour.

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Zhang, Fengyu, David Gerada, Zeyuan Xu, Yuling He, He Zhang, Wei Hua, and Chris Gerada. "Performance Entitlement by Using Novel High Strength Electrical Steels and Copper Alloys for High-Speed Laminated Rotor Induction Machines." Electronics 11, no. 2 (January 10, 2022): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11020210.

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The laminated rotor Induction Machine (IM), with its simple construction and manufacturing, robustness, ease of control and comparatively lower cost remains by far the most utilized electromechanical energy converter. At very high speeds, traditionally its use is considered to be limited to the previously established operational limits of 2.5 × 105 rpm√kW, beyond which the surface Permanent Magnet (PM) Machine and the solid rotor Induction Machine become the machines available for consideration. The aforesaid limits are derived from the use of classic materials. This paper reviews the recent developments in electrical steels and copper alloys and translates these into the resulting performance entitlement and operational limits through a case study involving a marine application, for which an existing rare-earth PM machine is in use. It is concluded that with novel materials, laminated rotor induction machines can be operated up to 6 × 105 rpm√kW, thus opening the use of the rare-earth free Induction Machine for a wider application range previously limited to PM machines.

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Wardach, Marcin, Ryszard Palka, Piotr Paplicki, and Michal Bonislawski. "Novel hybrid excited machine with flux barriers in rotor structure." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 37, no. 4 (July 2, 2018): 1489–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-08-2017-0364.

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Purpose Permanent magnet (PM) electrical machines are becoming one of the most popular type of the machines used in electrical vehicle drive applications. The main drawback of permanent magnet machines, despite obvious advantages, is associated with the flux control capability, which is limited at high rotor speeds of the machine. This paper aims to present a new arrangement of permanent magnets and flux barriers in the rotor structure to improve the field weakening control of hybrid excited machines. The field weakening characteristics, back-emf waveforms and efficiency maps of this novel machine have been reported. Design/methodology/approach In the study, finite element analysis was used to perform simulation research. Then, based on the simulation studies, an experimental model was built. The paper also presents selected experimental results. Findings Obtained results show that the proposed machine topology and novel control strategy can offer an effective flux control method allowing to extend the maximal rotational speed of the machine at constant power range. Practical implications The proposed solution can be used in electric vehicles drive to extend its torque and speed range. Originality/value The paper presents original design and results of research on a new solution of a hybrid excited machine with magnetic barriers in a rotor.

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Tiwari, Divya, Michael Farnsworth, Ze Zhang, Geraint W. Jewell, and Ashutosh Tiwari. "In-process monitoring in electrical machine manufacturing: A review of state of the art and future directions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 235, no. 13 (May 12, 2021): 2035–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09544054211016675.

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Manual operations feature prominently in the manufacture of many electrical machines. Even though high-volume electrical machine manufacture is dominated by automation, several manufacturing operations continue to involve manual intervention because of the complexity of such operations makes them heavily reliant on high dexterity manual skills and experience. However, quality can be variable due to human involvement. Currently, in order to maintain a high precision of control and required tolerances of the final machine, inspection is performed at various steps during manufacturing and assembly. Detecting a defect at these end-of-line tests can result in significant wasted time and costs due to rework or scrappage. The solution to this problem lies in in-process monitoring particularly for error prone manual operations. This paper presents a literature review of the state-of-the-art available techniques and limitations in process monitoring within the context of electrical machine manufacturing. To quantify the degree of manual activities in process monitoring within electrical machine manufacture, a structured survey of UK based companies was conducted, identifying specific error prone manual processes to target, and gaps in inspection. The survey identified that a significant proportion of activities in electrical machine manufacture are manual, or semi-automated with manual interventions. However, literature review revealed only a limited research in in-process monitoring of manual operations in this area. Finally, two case studies are presented where case study 1 presents a framework for digitisation of a variety of manual manufacturing tasks, and case study 2 demonstrates real-time capture, modelling and analysis of deformable linear objects in electrical machine manufacturing.

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Patsios, Charalampos, Minos E. Beniakar, Antonios G. Kladas, and John Prousalidis. "A Simple and Efficient Parametric Design Approach for Marine Electrical Machines." Materials Science Forum 792 (August 2014): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.792.367.

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In this paper a parametric design procedure of electrical machines used in naval propulsion systems is developed. The algorithm uses a series of design characteristics i.e. the type of the machine, the winding configuration and key geometrical properties, as parameters and is implemented on MATLAB® script allowing for a straightforward incorporation with other development tools. Using the proposed algorithm, two of the most common machine configurations involved in marine electrical propulsion systems i.e. the Induction Motor and the Synchronous Permanent Magnet Motor, are designed and 2D finite element modeling and analysis is performed. MATLAB® is used to interact with the FEMM software package through ActiveX framework, allowing for a detailed calculation of the electromagnetic properties of the machines examined.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Electrical Machine'

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