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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Electricism'
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Becker, Barbara Jean. "Electricism, opportunism, and the evolution of a new research agenda : William and Margaret Huggins and the origins of astrophysics /." Ann Arbor : UMI Diss. services, 1999. http://www.gbv.de/dms/goettingen/330918303.pdf.
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Khalfallah, Mohamed Haikel. "Etude quantitative et expérimentale des mécanismes d’incitation aux investissements dans les marchés d’électricité : analyse à court terme et à long terme des stratégies des acteurs." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO22019/document.
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Dans cette thèse, nous traitons la question de la fiabilité du système électrique et notamment le problème d’adéquation des capacités de production d’électricité avec une demande future, qui évolue d’une façon hautement imprévisible. Cette question suscite actuellement des débats économiques et politiques au sein de la commission européenne de l’énergie. Elle s'inscrit dans le contexte de déréglementation et de réformes de libéralisation opérées aux seins de pays occidentaux. Les défaillances qui se sont accompagnées avec cette déréglementation et qui ont provoqué diverses crises ont pour origine l’aversion aux risques des investisseurs, l’incertitude sur la demande future et les prix du carburants et le pouvoir de marché exercé pour les producteurs existants particulièrement en période de tension. Ceci a provoqué d’une part, des prix d’électricité hautement aléatoires et élevés et d’autre part, un manque d’incitations aux nouveaux investissements. Pour y faire face, plusieurs mécanismes additionnels assurant une incitation adéquate aux investissements et une maîtrise des prix d’électricité ont été proposés. Dans ce travail, on compare l’efficacité relative des mécanismes marchands d’incitation aux investissements. L’adéquation des capacités de production dans le long terme constitue le principal critère d’évaluation de ces mécanismes. Par ailleurs l’efficacité en termes de coût et de réduction des manipulations des prix dans les marchés forment deux éléments importants à prendre en considération lors de leur évaluation. Dans la littérature, ces mécanismes ont été traités d’un point de vue purement qualitatif, ce qui limite les enseignements qu’on peut tirer sur l’efficacité de chacun. L'apport de ce travail est de proposer une analyse conduite dans le cadre d'un modèle dynamique numérique. La dimension concurrentielle est prise en compte en mobilisant la théorie des jeux. La résolution du modèle fait appel à la méthode de la programmation dynamique et aux méthodes de problème de complémentarité et de l’inégalité variationnelle. En complément à l'analyse théorique, une étude expérimentale est conduite afin d'intégrer une plus grande diversité de stratégie. Nous concluons de ces recherches que la mise en place d’un mécanisme marchand d’incitation aux investissements est prometteuse. Il permet d’assurer l‘adéquation future du système électrique à faible coût et de lutter efficacement contre le problème de pouvoir de marchéIn this thesis, we deal with the question of reliability of electricity system and particularly the problem of generation capacity adequacy in electricity markets, characterized by uncertain and volatile demand. This question is currently the object of many politics and economics debates in the European Commission of energy. It occurs within the context of deregulations and reforms of liberalization operated in western countries. This deregulation was caused many shortages and crisis in many electricity markets in the world. Failures are caused by several factors such as, the presence of uncertainties on future demand and fuel prices, the risk-averse behavior of investors and the market power exercised by existing generators. They had lead to high spot market prices and a fundamental imbalance between the steadily growing demand for power and the limited increases, due to the lack of investments, in generation capacities. Many mechanisms, additional to the energy market, that ensure an adequate incentive for investments and a stable and socially acceptable electricity prices have been proposed. In this work, we compare different investment incentive mechanisms, in terms of long-term capacity adequacy in an uncertain environment, cost effectiveness and the ability of reducing market power. In the literature, the problem of long-term system reliability has been largely studied in qualitative terms. A few works attempt to model the quantitative effects of those market designs. The contribution of this work is to propose a quantitative analysis based on dynamics models. Competition is considered by using the principles of game theory. Stochastic dynamic programming is used to deal with the stochastic environment of the market and mixed complementarity problem and variational inequality formulations are employed to find Nash equilibrium. In addition to the analytic analysis, an experimental study is carried out in order to include a larger diversity of strategy. The main finding of this thesis is that market-based mechanisms would be the most cost-efficient mechanisms for assuring long-term system adequacy, encouraging earlier and adequate new investments in the system and for reducing market power
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Taylor, Peter Graham. "Electricity privatisation and economic efficiency in electricity supply." Thesis, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.481634.
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Fernandes, Megan. "Old electricity." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12377.
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Thesis (M.F.A.)--Boston University
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
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Ozguner, Erdem. "Short Term Electricity Price Forecasting In Turkish Electricity Market." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615169/index.pdf.
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With the aim for higher economical efficiency, considerable and radical changes have occurred in the worldwide electricity sector since the beginning of 1980s. By that time, the electricity sector has been controlled by the state-owned vertically integrated monopolies which manage and control all generation, transmission, distribution and retail activities and the consumers buy electricity with a price set by these monopolies in that system. After the liberalization and restructuring of the electricity power sector, separation and privatization of these activities have been widely seen. The main purpose is to ensure competition in the market where suppliers and consumers compete with each other to sell or buy electricity from the market and the consumers buy the electricity with a price which is based on competition and determined according to sell and purchase bids given by producers and customers rather than a price set by the government.
Due to increasing competition in the electricity market, accurate electricity price forecasts have become a very vital need for all market participants. Accurate forecast of electricity price can help suppliers to derive their bidding strategy and optimally design their bilateral agreements in order to maximize their profits and hedge against risks. Consumers need accurate price forecasts for deriving their electricity usage and bidding strategy for minimizing their utilization costs.
This thesis presents the determination of system day ahead price (SGOF) at the day ahead market and system marginal price (SMF) at the balancing power market in detail and develops artificial neural network models together with multiple linear regression models to forecast these electricity prices in Turkish electricity market. Also the methods used for price forecasting in the literature are discussed and the comparisons between these methods are presented. A series of historical data from Turkish electricity market is used to understand the characteristics of the market and the necessary input factors which influence the electricity price is determined for creating ANN models for price forecasting in this market. Since the factors influencing SGOF and SMF are different, different ANN models are developed for forecasting these prices. For SGOF forecasting, historical price and load values are enough for accurate forecasting, however, for SMF forecasting the net instruction volume occurred due to real time system imbalances is needed in order to increase the forecasting accuracy.
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Commin, Andrew Neil. "Matching renewable electricity supply to electricity demand in Scotland." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=230176.
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The threat of climate change has led to many countries and regions adopting renewable targets. Scotland's is one of the most ambitious, with an aim to generate the equivalent to 100% of its electricity needs from renewable sources by 2020. Scotland has a very large renewable resource, primarily consisting of offshore and onshore wind, tidal stream, wave and hydro power; all of which are characterised by having variable output. Over a long period, such as a year, variability in renewable generation will average out and may meet or exceed total annual demand. This thesis investigates whether matching of demand and generation is possible within a timescale meaningful to electricity system users; that is whether renewable generation can meet electricity demand in any given hour. This was established by using historic data to create an hourly generation hindcast of Scotland's renewable generation over a 30 year climate “normal” period. These outputs are then compared to a hindcast of hourly demand based on observations over the most recent few years. The results demonstrated that it is possible for Scotland to rely entirely upon renewable generation to fulfil demand in any hour of the 30 year hindcast. However, it appears that the renewable capacity and storage currently built or within the Scottish planning system is only sufficient to match demand in 65% of the hours within the hindcast. The hindcast allows judgements to be made as to how 100% of demand could be met most effectively and provides the basis of a coherent planning strategy, with security of supply at its centre. Further wave and tidal stream capacity is shown to be of higher value than additional wind power but in the latter case, addressing the geographical diversity of wind power can enable maximise phasing between sites to increase the security of supply. Importantly this work provides a means of informing decision making about where best to develop wind, wave and tidal resources and what additional storage may be required in order to provide 100% security of supply. The results are also of particular importance to Scotland's renewable generation strategy in the case of assessing where new on- and off-shore wind farms should be developed, as wind is set to dominate Scotland's renewable portfolio for the foreseeable future.
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Makawa-Mbewe, Patrick. "Rationalisation of electricity pricing in South Africa's electricity distribution industry." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51893.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African Electricity Distribution Industry is riddled with tariffs. Every utility in South Africa probably uses some method for allocating cost, whether it is theoretically founded or not. There are currently over 2000 different tariffs in South Africa and the need for rationalisation has been widely recognised and acknowledged. Many of these tariffs have not been the outflow of accepted methodologies but rather a function of individual utility policy and practices. There is however a dire need to standardise such methodologies in the future. A standardised methodology might be the only way to eventually rationalise the thousands of tariffs that exist in the electricity industry. Government has emphasised the importance of tariffs to be cost reflective in the future. The only possible way to reach this objective would be to determine clear and concise methods of allocating cost that can be utilised by the entire industry. This study project describes a standardised methodology for determining the cost to supply different customer categories in an electricity distributor. The methodology offers enough flexibility not to bind any party into laboursome, complex and time consuming costing activities. It does however require that the costs of a distributor are carefully investigated and all functions performed in the utility are isolated. This is referred to as ringfencing of costs.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse Elektrisiteitverspreidingsbedryf het veelvuldige tariewe. Elke utiliteit in Suid-Afrika gebruik waarskynlik 'n metode vir kostetoedeling, wat nie noodwendig teoreties gebaseer is nie. Huidiglik is daar meer as 2000 verskillende tariewe in Suid-Afrika en dit word alom besef en erken dat gronde vir rasionalisering bestaan. Baie van die tariewe het nie ontstaan uit die gebruik van aanvaarbare berekeningsmetodes nie, maar was eerder die gevolg van individuele beleid en praktyke van utiliteite. Daar is 'n dringende behoefte om hierdie berekeningsmetodes in die toekoms te standardiseer. 'n Standaard metode mag die enigste manier wees om uiteindelik die duisende tariewe wat in die elektrisiteitsbedryf bestaan te rasionaliseer. Die regering het die belangrikheid dat tariewe in die toekoms koste reflekterend moet wees benadruk. Die enigste moontlike manier om hierdie doelwit te bereik, is om helder en duidelike metodes vir koste toedeling te bepaal vir gebruik deur die hele bedryf. Hierdie verhandeling beskryf 'n standaard metodologie om die koste te bepaal om verskillende klantegroepe in 'n elektrisiteitsverspreider van krag te voorsien. Die metodologie bied voldoende plooibaarheid om geen party aan arbeidintensiewe, kompleks en tydrowende kostebepalings te verbind nie. Dit vereis egter dat die koste van 'n verspreider noukeurig ondersoek word en dat alle funksies wat verrig word uitgelig word. Hierna word verwys as afbakening van kostes.
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Vamos, Eugene. "Long run electricity pricing in a deregulated competitive electricity market." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35461.
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Harbord, David William Cameron. "Competition in decentralized electricity markets : three papers on electricity auctions." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2417/.
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This thesis consists of three self-contained papers on the analysis of electricity auctions written over a period of twelve years. The first paper models price competition in a decentralized wholesale market for electricity as a first-price, sealed-bid, multi-unit auction. In both the pure and mixed-strategy equilibria of the model, above marginal cost pricing and inefficient despatch of generating units occur. An alternative regulatory pricing rule is considered and it is shown that offering to supply at marginal cost can be induced as a dominant strategy for all firms. The second paper analyses strategic interaction between long-term contracts and price competition in the British electricity wholesale market, and confirms that forward contracts will tend to put downward pressure on spot market prices. A 'strategic commitment' motive for selling forward contracts is also identified: a generator may commit itself to bidding lower prices into the spot market in order to ensure that it will be despatched with its full capacity. The third paper characterizes bidding behavior and market outcomes in uniform and discriminatory electricity auctions. Uniform auctions result in higher average prices than discriminatory auctions, but the ranking in terms of productive efficiency is ambiguous. The comparative effects of other market design features, such as the number of steps in suppliers' bid functions, the duration of bids and the elasticity of demand are analyzed. The paper also clarifies some methodological issues in the analysis of electricity auctions. In particular we show that analogies with continuous share auctions are misplaced so long as firms are restricted to a finite number of bids.
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Dicinoski, Michelle. "Electricity for beginners /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19806.pdf.
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Robertson, Laura, and A. Lowery. "Electricity and Magnetism." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/780.
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Ning, Zihan. "ELECTRICITY MARKET SIMULATOR." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1480695981422754.
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Dubois, Benjamin. "Apprentissage multitâche pour la prévision de la consommation électrique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1031.
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Nous étudions la prévision du jour pour le lendemain de la consommation électrique agrégée à la maille des points de livraison, à partir des informations calendaires, des prévisions météorologiques et des valeurs récentes de ces séries temporelles. Ce travail s’inscrit dans un domaine de recherche plus large, qui participe à la modernisation du système électrique français. Avec la pénétration des énergies renouvelables et l’apparition de nouveaux modes de consommation, le besoin d’améliorer la qualité des prévisions au niveau local devient de plus en plus pressant. Acteur central du système électrique, le Gestionnaire du Réseau de Transport (GRT) est responsable de l’équilibre offre-demande et assure en permanence la fluidité de la circulation d’électricité sur le réseau haute tension. La prévision de la consommation est donc pour lui une problématique de recherche centrale. Le développement d’algorithmes modernes de Machine Learning, l’augmentation des capacités de calcul et la disponibilité de grandes bases de données électriques et météorologiques laissent entrevoir de nouvelles opportunités.Après une analyse exploratoire de la base de données et une étude de la littérature portant sur la prévision de la consommation électrique, nous considérons la possibilité d’étendre et d’adapter les modèles utilisés pour la prévision à des mailles plus larges comme les régions ou le pays. Cela nous permet de souligner les comportements plus hétérogènes au niveau des points de livraison de ces séries temporelles. L’ensemble des expériences est organisé autour d’une dichotomie entre des modèles à différents noeuds du réseau appris de façon indépendante ou bien couplée. Plus précisément, nous justifions une approche multi-tâches de ces prévisions avec les similarités entre les courbes aux différents noeuds du réseau, qui vise à améliorer la vitesse d’apprentissage de ces modèles ainsi que leur capacité à généraliser.Nous séparons l’approche multi-tâches en trois questions. Quelles composantes des modèles est-il pertinent de coupler ? Quelles améliorations ce couplage peut-il apporter ? Comment évaluer la pertinence de l’approche multi-tâches dans le cadre de la prévision de la consommation électrique ?Nous envisageons trois couplages possibles des modèles de prévision, fondés respectivement sur un clustering des coefficients des modèles, une hypothèse de rang faible sur la matrice de coefficients, et une mesure de la cohérence des prévisions à différents niveaux d’agrégation. Empiriquement, nous montrons le caractère contingent du grand nombre de coefficients des modèles appris indépendamment et confirmons l’intérêt de coupler les fonctions objectifs à minimiser ainsi que les paramètres des modèles au cours de leur apprentissageWe study in this manuscript the day-ahead electricity load forecasting problem, at the level of the substations, based on exogenous calendar information, weather forecasts and recent endogenous values of the electricity demand. This work is part of a broader research field participating in the modernization of the French energy system. The emergence of new production means and the evolution of electricity uses have indeed strengthened the need to anticipate the variations of the electricity demand. The Transmission System Operator (TSO), as a central actor of the electricity sector in charge of the supply-demand equilibrium and the management of the resulting energy flows, is particularly affected by these evolutions. Its decision-process relies on the ability to forecast accurately the spatial distribution of both the production and the demand. The advent of modern Machine Learning forecasting tools, in association with the improvement of computing capabilities and the gathering of rich weather and electricity datasets give rise to new opportunities.Data exploration and the dynamic literature about electricity load forecasting serve as a basis for the extension to local forecasts of the more classical models designed for the aggregated loads. We describe a generic bivariate linear model and compare its behavior at the national and the local levels. This allows us to identify both the similarities and the heterogeneous aspects of the substations. At the local level, the data exploration and the experiments are organized around a dichotomy between models learned independently for the different substations and a coupled modeling of the loads. In particular, we motivate a multi-task approach to load forecasting with a characterization of a common structure encountered in the local models, that we intend to leverage for the benefit of the latter, in terms of computational speed and generalization performance.We address several questions related to the multi-task approach. Namely, what to expect from a coupling of the local models ? Which parts of the model should be coupled and how ? How to assess the evolution and the relevance of the multi-task framework ?We study three coupling assumptions, based either on a clustering of the model parameters, an optimization problem with a low-rank constraint that we analyze in details, or on the consistency between the forecasts at different aggregation levels. Thereby, we prove empirically that the number of parameters of the independent local models is unnecessarily large and we confirm the interest of sharing the parameters and the losses during the learning process
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Gupta, Pavan, University of Western Sydney, College of Law and Business, and School of Management. "Residential sector deregulation in the electricity industry : analysis of electricity consumption patterns." THESIS_CLAB_MAN_Gupta_P.xml, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/744.
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The research presented in this thesis aims to improve our knowledge regarding the impact of privatisation and deregulation of public service type infrastructure industries. In recent years, Australia's industry reform policies have critically relied on rapid deregulation of major utilities such as telecommunication, gas and electricity. Although several industries have been deregulated in the last two decades, our understanding regarding the impact of deregulation on residential electricity market is still developing. In order to accomplish the research, about 400 residential customers were surveyed and their electricity consumption patterns (ECP)were monitored by installing special electronic meters. The findings are discussed in detail. As an implication to policy and practice there is an urgent need for a nation-wide standard,reshaping the practices of the electricity marketing and establishing a time-dynamic ECP monitoring system. Another important implication concerns the well-founded theories in micro-economic literature. This research has established that the price of the commodities and services charged by public service type utility suppliers should not be left entirely to the market forces concerned with demand - supply equilibrium. There is an urgent need to understand the role of different socio-economic segments in contributing to the economic efficiencies of public service type assets. More efficient segments should be equitably rewarded for their contributions rather than penalised perhaps due to the lack of their bargaining power.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Gupta, Pavan. "Residential sector deregulation in the electricity industry : analysis of electricity consumption patterns /." View thesis, 2004. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20050225.104416/index.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2004."A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy" Bibliography : leaves 273-285.
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Hoang, Philip. "Essays in electricity markets /." [St. Lucia, Qld.] :, 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18590.pdf.
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Huurman, Christiaan Imam. "Dealing with electricity prices." [Rotterdam] : Rotterdam : Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), Erasmus University Rotterdam ; Erasmus University [Host], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/9399.
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Bishop, J. D. K. "Sustainable electricity systems design." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596670.
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This thesis aims to prove the concept that the design of a sustainable electricity system requires generator deployment within the transmission grid to be co-optimized and integrated with a national electricity policy, which adheres to the constraints of global sustainability. To combat the main human activities which jeopardize total species well-being and global sustainability at large, human appropriated net primary productivity must be reduced by a factor 4,45 and carbon emissions by a factor 1,15 through to 2030. Incorporating these constraints into a high-level electricity policy model, the results for the 27-member European Union and United States suggest that the fuel mixes in each area will show improvement in the flagship of: share of energy from renewable; emissions of greenhouse gases; and security of supply. However, to ensure best-case mix diversity, consumption must be reduced by up to 2,26% and 1,01% below current levels of the European Union and United States, respectively. Integrating the fuel mix policy with generator deployment is accomplished by co-optimizing the former with an optimized power flow, utilizing a matrix balancing algorithm to specify the space and location constraints for the generator types. A case study using mainland Portugal yields transmission loss reductions of 0,43% with 11,88% of total installed capacity deployed as distributed generation using photovoltaic. Innovative distributed wind and photovoltaic schemes in Barbados demonstrate the inclusion of sustainability principles, including attention to issues of waste, energy independence, repeatability throughout the Caribbean and social acceptance. The overall result is a unique, full-chain design tool for sustainable electricity systems.
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Lowrey, Craig. "Electricity pricing and regulation." Thesis, Brunel University, 1999. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7390.
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This work aims to assess the development of competition in the electricity industry of England and Wales, emphasising one of the key elements of the restructured industry, the pool - a centralised day ahead electricity spot market. The pool's structure is examined, along with the relationship that the pool has with the market for electricity forward contracts. However, the key to this work is the relationship between the major electricity generators and the industry's regulator. This is introduced through two theoretical models, and undertaken through a series of econometric models using pool prices, forward prices, electricity demand, and the sharep rices of the major generators: National Power and Powergen. The work tests the hypotheses put forward by Green( 1992) and Helm & Powell (1992) of an inverse relationship between the volume of output that a generator sells forward through contracts and the general level of pool prices. The break-up of the first and second sets of forward contracts - which expired in 1991 and 1993 - and their impact on pool prices are assessed By using the market model, this work examines the impact of a series of both regulatory and nonregulatory events on the share returns of National Power and Powergen. Given the existence of spot and forward markets for electricity, one would expect a relationship between the prices in these markets The relationship is examined for England and Wales by a synthetic data set that approximates the prices at which the contracts were sold. The relationship is then examined using actual and forecast electricity prices for California, this latter analysis forming part of an overview of electricity deregulation in America. Ultimately, this research hopes to add to the growing amount of material on energy privatisation - a topic that continues to promote interest and controversy in academic and industrial circles.
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McIlveen-Wright, David. "Electricity generation from wood." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241990.
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Lee, Stephen James S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Adaptive electricity access planning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117878.
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Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program, 2018.Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 139-149).
About 1.1 billion people worldwide lack access to electricity and an additional 1 billion have unreliable access. The social ramifications of this problem are noteworthy because access to electric power has the potential to transform societies. While admirable efforts are underway, there is general consensus that progress is falling far short of what is needed to reach international electricity access goals. In light of such deficiencies, it is arguable that systems-level experimentation and innovation is required if we are to achieve universal electricity access in the next one to two decades. With the advancement of technology, new opportunities are emerging that can potentially change the game. Machine learning methods and detailed technoeconomic models for planning comprise one set of technologies that hold significant promise for accelerating access. This thesis builds upon recent work towards the development of more intelligent decision support systems for electrification planning. Progress towards automated and scalable software systems for the extraction of building footprints from satellite imagery are presented. In addition, a novel model for probabilistic data fusion and other machine learning methods are compared for electrification status estimation. Inference tools such as these allow for the cost-effective provision of granular data required by techno-economic models. We also acknowledge that the technologies we detail should not be developed in a vacuum. Given that electrification is a complex endeavor involving numerous social and technical factors, careful consideration must be given to human, policy, and regulatory concerns during the planning process. We notice how uncertainty abounds in these activities and propose "adaptive electricity access planning" as a new model-assisted framework for the explicit consideration of uncertainty in large-scale planning. This work aspires to provide valuable perspective on the importance of uncertainty in planning as these endeavors continue to evolve.
by Stephen James Lee.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
S.M.
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Boonyasana, Kwanruetai. "World electricity co-operation." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/27793.
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This thesis evaluates the effect of electricity co-operation regarding import and export on electricity prices for OECD countries and on CO2 emissions for the world. In addition, the study investigates which kinds of renewable energies provide the best economic future for Canada and the U.S. There are three main sections to the thesis. Firstly, panel data analysis determines the electricity price functions, using 29 OECD countries’ yearly data from 1980 to 2007. Membership of the European Union, used to investigate effect of high level co-operation on price, is seen to decrease household and industry prices, but is not significant for household price. The effect of electricity trading in OECD countries is not found to deliver cheaper electricity suggesting that these countries need to co-operate more closely to increase competition and improve efficiency in electricity markets. Secondly, panel data analysis determines parameters of the CO2 emissions function, using 131 countries’ yearly data from 1971 to 2007. The world results show that electricity co-operation is highly significant in decreasing CO2 emissions per unit of generation, thus supporting the hypothesis. At the continent level, Asia shows the highest CO2 decrease from electricity import, with the lowest decrease being for Africa. Electricity export for North America, Latin America and Europe is found to be highly significant in decreasing CO2 emissions. Finally, time series analysis of yearly data for Canada and the U.S. from 1978 to 2009 is used to determine the electricity price functions. For Canada, electricity import is found to be highly significant in decreasing household electricity price, but not so for the U.S. Renewable energies such as wind and hydro are seen to be the future of electricity generation for Canada, but the results for the U.S. indicate that no type of renewable energy can reduce electricity price.
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Martin, David. "Electricité et développement durable." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON10033.
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Le développement durable est un projet politique. Il propose l'effacement des contradictions entre les exigences de l'environnement et le développement social. L'article premier de la loi du 10 février 2000 consacre une électricité durable. Pour la première fois, une loi intègre les exigences environnementales à l'électricité. Le point de départ de cette étude se trouve dans l'observation de l'effet de cette intégration dans ce secteur central pour les pays développés. L'électricité est le moteur du développement social. Cependant, elle est portée par un Réseau. Ce dernier résulte de l'amalgame entre la politique énergétique et des réglementations qui visent à assurer la construction et la gestion de structures de production et de transport. Or, si la politique énergétique intègre les exigences de l'environnement, les structures les soumettent à une logique sociale dominante dont l'objet est de satisfaire à une demande croissante en électricité.
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Wallace, Eva-Lena. "How the Price of Electricity has Affected the Electricity Demand in the EU-27 During 1998-2008. : - Would an Environmental Tax on Electricity Reduce the Electricity Consumption and Increase the Share of Electricity Generated from Renewable Energy Sources?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet (USBE), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-51328.
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Valero, Masa Alicia. "High impedance fault detection method in multi-grounded distribution networks." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209580.
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High Impedance Faults (HIFs) are undetectable by conventional protection technology under certainconditions. These faults occur when an energized conductor makes undesired contact with a
quasi-insulating object, such as a tree or a road. This contact restricts the level of the fault current to a very low value, from a few mA up to 75A. In solidly grounded distribution networks where the value of the residual current under normal conditions is considerable, overcurrent devices do not protect against HIFs. However, such a protection is essential for guaranteeing public security, because of the possibility of reaching the fallen conductor and the risk of fire.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Hanimann, Raphael. "Consumer Behaviour in Renewable Electricity : Can identity signaling increase demand for renewable electricity?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-201672.
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A higher percentage of energy from renewable resources is an important goal on many sustainable development agendas. In liberalized electricity markets, an increase in demand for renewable electricity can stimulate further investments in it, yet demand for renewable electricity has developed much slower than demand for other green products. So far, research has mainly examined the willingness to pay for renewable electricity, but limited research has been conducted to the motivations behind it. The concept of identity signaling has been proved to play a significant role in consumer behaviour for green products. However, (renewable) electricity in the Swedish residential market typically lacks two important drivers for idenity signaling: visibility and product involvement. A survey among Swedish households conducted for this study compares choices for renewable electricity under two scenarios, whereof one simulates a higher visibility of and involvement in electricity contracts. The results show that identity signaling has a positive effect on demand for renewable electricity. The results lead to implications for policy-makers, electricity suppliers and researchers.
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Martin, William M. "PAY-AS-YOU-GO ELECTRICITY: THE IMPACT OF PREPAY PROGRAMS ON ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/29.
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Prepay or pay-as-you-go programs are an increasingly popular type of rate plan offered by electric utilities. Under these plans, ratepayers must keep a positive balance at all times to avoid being automatically disconnected, they are charged daily for their usage, and they are provided with a means to monitor their consumption. One of the suggested benefits of these plans is that they allow electricity consumers to better manage their usage. Using household level monthly usage data from customers enrolled in prepay programs at two Kentucky rural electric cooperatives, we investigate whether there is a change in consumption after these customers enrolled in the program. To address this question, we employ a fixed-effects model. The results of our model indicate that prepay customers reduce their consumption by an average of 11% after enrolling in the program. We also find that this response is larger during periods of high or low temperatures than during mild weather. Furthermore, we find evidence that the prepayment effect diminishes over the length of time that a customer is enrolled in the program.
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Wu, Zhiyong. "Stratum Electricity Markets: Toward Multi-temporal Distributed Risk Management for Sustainable Electricity Provision." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2012. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/89.
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Motivated by the overall challenge of ensuring long-term sustainable electricity service, we view this challenge as a long-term decision making problem under uncertainties.
We start by recognizing that, independent of the industry organization, the uncertainties are enormous and often exogenous to the energy service providers. They are multi-dimensional and are result of fundamental drivers, ranging from the supply side, through the demand side, to the regulatory and policy sides. The basic contribution of this thesis comes from the recognition that long-term investments for ensuring reliable and stable electricity service critically depend on how these uncertainties are perceived, valued and managed by the different stakeholders within the complex industry organization such as the electric power industry. We explain several reasons why price signals obtained from current short-term electricity markets alone are not sufficient enough for long-term sustainable provision. Some enhancements are presented in the thesis to improve the short-term electricity market price signals to reflect the true cost of operation.
New market mechanisms and instruments are needed to facilitate the stakeholders to better deal with long-term risks. The problems of ensuring long-term stable reliable service in the sense of the traditional resource adequacy requirements are revisited in both the restructuring industry and regulated industry. We introduce a so-called Stratum Electricity Market (SEM) design as the basic market mechanism for solving the problem of long-term reliable electricity service through a series of interactive multi-lateral market exchange platforms for risks communication, management and evaluations over various time horizons and by the different groups of stakeholders. In other words, our proposed SEM is a basic IT-enabled framework for the decision making processes by various parties over different time. Because of the uniqueness of electricity as a commodity, the values for the same amount of energy during different time and at different location can vary dramatically. Moreover, for the same hour, the values for the same amount of power at base load level or at peak load level are different due to the different generation technologies and other non-convex constraints like unit commitment. The multiple market products at zonal/nodal levels with different time horizon and time of use categories are designed to reflect more realistic demand and supply conditions at various temporal and spatial granularities. Detailed market rules, rights and regulations (3Rs) concerning the sub-markets interactions, product hierarchy and financial settlements are also examined.
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Hultgren, Elin. "Making renewable electricity a reality : Policies and challenges when transforming Germany´s electricity system." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Energisystem, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-98198.
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Germany is to undertake a speedy phase-out of nuclear energy and at the same time move into the age of renewable energy. The policy basis for the transformation of the electricity system is the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG). The aim of this report is to investigate the transformation of the German electricity system: popularly called the Energiewende. The report will introduce and analyze the Renewable Energy Sources Act as a policy instrument, and how the electricity grid needs to be developed in order to handle the increasing shares of electricity from renewable sources. The history, main regulations, and the success of the EEG will be investigated. Furthermore, the ways in which the EEG needs to be revised will be given attention. The imperfections of today’s electricity grid when implementing a dominating share of renewable electricity, and ways in which Information and Communication Technology can be used in solving those imperfections will be analyzed. The basis for this thesis is a literature study. Since this is a current topic changing frequently, up-to-date research is used as the main reference. The EEG is based on a feed-in tariff system. The main concern when implementing a dominating share of renewable electricity is the fluctuation over time. It is difficult to know how much power will be produced and when. The future challenge of the electricity grid is to keep meeting demand and supply in a secure way. To succeed with the transformation, the EEG not only needs to be revised but a solution to the system stability is also necessary. The EEG is considered a successful policy instrument but what it is missing today is incentives for balancing demand and supply, energy efficiency, and technology innovation. In order to deal with fluctuating sources, the main focus when upgrading the grid should be to improve the forecasting issues. The success of making RES a significant part in electricity generation could become strong proof for the global community that an electricity system based on renewable energy sources is possible.
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Richardson, Ian. "Integrated high-resolution modelling of domestic electricity demand and low voltage electricity distribution networks." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7968.
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Assessing the impact of domestic low-carbon technologies on the electricity distribution network requires a detailed insight into the operation of networks and the power demands of consumers. When used on a wide-scale, low-carbon technologies, including domestic scale micro-generation, heat pumps, electric vehicles and flexible demand, will change the nature of domestic electricity use. In providing a basis for the quantification of the impact upon distribution networks, this thesis details the construction and use of a high-resolution integrated model that simulates both existing domestic electricity use and low voltage distribution networks. Electricity demand is modelled at the level of individual household appliances and is based upon surveyed occupant time-use data. This approach results in a simulation that exhibits realistic time-variant demand characteristics, in both individual dwellings, as well as, groups of dwellings together. Validation is performed against real domestic electricity use data, measured for this purpose, from dwellings in Loughborough in the East Midlands, UK. The low voltage distribution network is modelled using real network data, and the output of its simulation is validated against measured network voltages and power demands. The integrated model provides a highly detailed insight into the operation of networks at a one-minute resolution. This integrated model is the main output of this research, alongside published articles and a freely downloadable software implementation of the demand model.
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Hu, Linlin. "A novel hybrid technique for short-term electricity price forecasting in deregulated electricity markets." Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4498.
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Short-term electricity price forecasting is now crucial practice in deregulated electricity markets, as it forms the basis for maximizing the profits of the market participants. In this thesis, short-term electricity prices are forecast using three different predictor schemes, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and a hybrid scheme, respectively. ANNs are the very popular and successful tools for practical forecasting. In this thesis, a hidden-layered feed-forward neural network with back-propagation has been adopted for detailed comparison with other forecasting models. SVM is a newly developed technique that has many attractive features and good performance in terms of prediction. In order to overcome the limitations of individual forecasting models, a hybrid technique that combines Fuzzy-C-Means (FCM) clustering and SVM regression algorithms is proposed to forecast the half-hour electricity prices in the UK electricity markets. According to the value of their power prices, thousands of the training data are classified by the unsupervised learning method of FCM clustering. SVM regression model is then applied to each cluster by taking advantage of the aggregated data information, which reduces the noise for each training program. In order to demonstrate the predictive capability of the proposed model, ANNs and SVM models are presented and compared with the hybrid technique based on the same training and testing data sets in the case studies by using real electricity market data. The data was obtained upon request from APX Power UK for the year 2007. Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) is used to analyze the forecasting errors of different models and the results presented clearly show that the proposed hybrid technique considerably improves the electricity price forecasting.
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Okonkwo, Christopher Ndubuisi. "Electricity Sector Reform: Sourcing and Cost Management of Electricity for Steel Manufacturing in Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3056.
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In 2014, Lazard levelized cost of energy analysis model priced diesel powered systems at $0.225 – $0.404/KWh and a range of $0.165 – $0.242/KWh for gas-powered systems. The model gave a range of $0.28 – $0.33/kWh for diesel and a range of $0.14/kWh – $0.16/kW for gas fired. Nigeria has an abundance of gas reserves, but heavy gas flaring by oil companies perpetuates power failure across Nigeria. What has resulted is an unreliable electricity infrastructure and a high cost of alternative energy. The Electricity Power Sector Reform Act of 2005 started the reform process. Guided by decision theory, the purpose of this multiple case study was to understand the perceptions of business leaders at the steel manufacturing businesses on how the use of multiple supply sources of electricity might lead to survival, growth, and profitability. The study’s population consisted of 10 steel manufacturing companies in the Southwest region of Nigeria. The data were collected via semistructured interviews with the leaders who source energy, a review of archival records, and observations of company officials placing orders from multiple sources. The van Kaam method of data analysis generated 5 themes: cost of generating electricity and the investment in alternative sources of energy, erratic power supply and its impact on the steel production industry, quality of power supply relative to the capacity and its impact on profits, electricity factor in the steel production process, and use of multiple sources. These findings may contribute to social change by increasing employment opportunities for members of the local community, who will have an enhanced understanding about steel and seize entrepreneurial opportunities.
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Cubuklu, Omer. "Capacity Trading In Electricity Markets." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613988/index.pdf.
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In electricity markets, capacity cost must be determined in order to make capacity
trading. In this thesis, capacity cost and the factors deriving the capacity cost are
studied. First, fixed capacity cost of power plants is examined. Direct and indirect
costs of fixed capacity cost are detailed with respect to different types of power
plants and the impact of these factors to the capacity cost is given. Second,
interconnection and system utilization costs of transmission and distribution system
are considered in order to simulate energy flow from the producer to the customer.
Finally, a capacity cost calculation program is practiced. By the help of this program,
capacity cost of power plants is figured out, different cases are compared and the
main factors affecting the capacity cost are discussed in detail.
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Talasli, Irem. "Stochastic Modeling Of Electricity Markets." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614034/index.pdf.
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Day-ahead spot electricity markets are the most transparent spot markets where one can find integrated supply and demand curves of the market players for each settlement period. Since it is an indicator for the market players and regulators, in this thesis we model the spot electricity prices. Logarithmic daily average spot electricity prices are modeled as a summation of a deterministic function and multi-factor stochastic process. Randomness in the spot prices is assumed to be governed by three jump processes and a Brownian motion where two of the jump processes are mean reverting. While the Brownian motion captures daily regular price
movements, the pure jump process models price shocks which have long term effects and two Ornstein Uhlenbeck type jump processes with different mean reversion speeds capturing
the price shocks that affect the price level for relatively shorter time periods. After removing the seasonality which is modeled as a deterministic function from price observations, an iterative threshold function is used to filter the jumps. The threshold function is constructed on volatility estimation generated by a GARCH(1,1) model. Not only the jumps but also the mean reverting returns following the jumps are filtered. Both of the filtered jump processes and residual Brownian components are estimated separately. The model is applied to Austrian, Italian, Spanish and Turkish electricity markets data and it is found that the weekly forecasts, which are generated by the estimated parameters, turn out to be able to capture the characteristics of the observations.
After examining the future contracts written on electricity, we also suggest a decision technique which is built on risk premium theory. With the help of this methodology derivative
market players can decide on taking whether a long or a short position for a given contract. After testing our technique, we conclude that the decision rule is promising but needs more
empirical research.
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Larsson, Simon. "Reviewing electricity generation cost assessments." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-177324.
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Studies assessing the electricity generation cost of various power generating technologies are becoming increasingly common and references to such studies can often be heard in the public debate. Different studies do however often present significantly different results. This is a problem as electricity generation cost assessments are important when it comes to choosing and designing future energy systems. In this thesis, existing electricity generation cost assessments are reviewed and issues and differences with current methodologies are investigated. As many of the reviewed studies lack detailed sensitivity analyses, an electricity generation cost model has been implemented in order to shed some light on the sensitivity in the produced results. The thesis shows that different methodological approaches and assumptions have a significant impact on electricity generation cost results. The habit of generalising electricity generation costs in a public context can also be questioned. Generation costs tend to be site-specific and sensitive to changes in input parameters. Another finding is that current methodologies are not suitable for comparing intermittent and dispatchable power generating technologies. The reasons are missing electricity system cost perspective and failure to account for differences in production profiles.
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Ericson, Torgeir. "Short-term electricity demand response." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electrical Power Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1484.
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McFarlane, Andrew Ian. "Aged Electricity Distribution Asset Replacement." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Engineering Management, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8941.
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Major segments of the Marlborough Lines Ltd (MLL) 11kV electricity distribution network are positioned within remote areas of the Marlborough region including the Marlborough Sounds, the Awatere and Wairau Valleys and the North Eastern cost of the South Island. The majority of these
remote rural lines are due for replacement within the coming 20 years in order to maintain safety and reliability. The increased maintenance costs of operating rural electricity lines and the number of customers they serve often results in the line being uneconomic to operate. This investigation
determines the current economical efficiency of the Sounds Feeder, a segment of line in the Marlborough Sounds. The financial, social and regulatory implications of the continued operation of this section of the network after performing distribution renewals are assessed in order to define
the likely impacts of wide spread asset renewal to MLL and its customers across the coming 20 years.
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Dahlquist, Olivia, Max Hamrén, and Amanda Lidström. "Providing tenants with solar electricity." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-254228.
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In later years the interest for solar cells has increased in Sweden. Even so, the attractiveness to integrate solar cells to buildings becomes attenuated due to regulations and taxes, which complicate the process. Ihus is a company owned by Uppsala Municipality in Sweden who has chosen to invest in solar cells that are integrated to their facility at Bolandsgatan 10, where they are leasing out locales to other companies. Their aim with the solar cells is to distribute electricity to their tenants without becoming professional electricity suppliers. This study simulates the solar cell electricity demand and supply at Bolandsgatan 10 and analyses the interest and regulations regarding solar cell integration. The result shows that using solar cells not only is an excellent choice of green energy but it would also be economical beneficial for the tenants. To show how solar cell electricity could be allocated, four alternative solutions have been developed. Furthermore, this report shows that tax regulations have to adapt to fit in with the development of solar cells in order to encourage the usage of solar cells in the future.
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Wito, Aleksander George. "Electricity trade in Central Europe." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11599.
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This thesis examines the electricity supply and trading positions of the four Central European states; Poland, Hungary and the Czech and Slovak Republics. These states are situated at 'the cross-roads of Europe' and share a common history of centralised Socialist government. The unprecedented events of 1989 allowed them to contemplate a common goal of achieving membership of the wider European community and its institutions, following the example of their former ally, East Germany. This process of shaking off the legacy of the Communist past and looking towards the West extends to the field of connection of electricity supply networks. Throughout the history of electricity supply, the trend has been to connect regional supply networks together into larger national and international grids. This provides for many advantages in terms of reduced costs and increased security of supply, detailed in this thesis. Interconnection also requires significant investment, in both transmission equipment and grid control measures, and this investment must be recovered. Methods for recovering this investment and correctly allocating the costs and benefits of interconnection are detailed in this thesis. In Europe the process of grid connection has reached the present state of four international 'supergrids', each with different characteristics. The removal of the barrier of mutual suspicion between East and West has allowed consideration to be made of increasing the degree of connection between these networks and the volume of power traded across these connections. In order for this to take place a number of technical problems must be overcome and a clear economic case for the benefits must be made. To build such a case, a detailed examination is made of the energy supply position of each of the states, the structure and capacity of their electricity supply industries and the historic level of electricity traded between them. The Central European states common desire to join the European Union will have a significant impact on their electricity supply industries, particularly with regard to their environmental problems, but also provides access to sources of finance for investment in improving their systems.
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Ferreira, Dias Marta. "Integration of European electricity markets." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/47365/.
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This thesis contributes to the study of the role of some identified obstacles to delay the process of liberalisation and integration of European electricity markets and to impede the achievement of its full benefits, namely increase efficiency and, ultimately, to pass on this efficiency gains to final consumers by lowering prices of electricity. Chapter 1 is a description and analysis of the progress made on European liberalisation and integration of electricity markets, identifying some of the main obstacles found on the path to achieve the Single European Market for electricity and solutions propsed to avoid them, either from the perspective of the EC and from the perspective of economic literature. The concerns considered for this review are related with the main focus of the thesis, market power and concentration. The solutions found on the literature to avoid these obstacles are related with the search for the best market design to be adopted in the Single Electricity Market. Since the Nordic countries constitute an integrated market considered as a success, this example is briefly explained in order to understand which are the main features of this success. The second chapter presents a simulation for the integration of the Iberian wholesale electricity market (MIBEL) in order to study how the exercise of market power will evolve with regional full integration. Following Borenstein and Bushnell (1999), we compare simulated market outcomes on four days of 2004, with no integration and with full integration. The presence of market power is measured using the Lerner Index. The simulation results allow us to conclude that, as expected, market power is lower after full integration. However, even after full integration, market power is still a feature of the market. Therefore, the full benefits of liberalisation and integration are not seized by the consumers, since wholesale prices persist to be higher than the marginal costs. The market participants with more benefits are the Portuguese, both consumers and the incumbent firm. The third chapter's purpose is to assess econometrically the impact on final consumer of mergers between electricity generators and natural gas suppliers. We find evidence that a merger of this type will increase final price of electricity in the market where it occurs. Moreover, as a consequence of the EOn-Rurhas German household consumers pay more 1.8% for the electricity and, in Finland, the Nest-Ivo merger caused an increase of around 2% on prices for household consumers. The answer to the question "should household consumers be concerned if a cross sectorial merger happens" seems to be yes, due to the detrimental effects on final prices.
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Nicholson, Emma Leah. "Essays on restructured electricity markets." Connect to Electronic Thesis (ProQuest) Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2008. http://worldcat.org/oclc/436443232/viewonline.
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Alhumaid, Mohammed S. (Mohammed Saud). "Privatizing the Saudi electricity sector." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107590.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, Engineering and Management Program, 2016.Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 97-100).
Electricity demand in Saudi Arabia has been growing rapidly with an average peak demand growth rate of 6% over the past decade. Currently, the structure of the electricity industry is based on a monopoly framework dominated by a government owned utility company (Saudi Electric Company (SEC)). Furthermore, electricity prices in KSA are heavily subsidized and as a result, SEC relies heavily on government support through grants and soft loans to finance expansion projects to meet growing demand. In order to alleviate the financial dependency of the electricity sector on government funding, the system regulator (ECRA) announced major reform plans intended to encourage private sector participation in the electricity industry. This research aims to evaluate regulatory reform options available to the Saudi government for achieving privatization objectives. Chapter 1 lays the foundation of electricity regulation and addresses technical, economical, and regulatory aspects of electricity trading. Chapter 2, deep dives into the liberalization of the electricity industry in Great Britain as a pioneer case study with main take away being the importance of ownership unbundling in structural reforms. Chapter 3 provides a description of the current status of the sector in the KSA. It also discusses the regulatory options available to the government. Chapter 4 applies a mathematical model based on the concept of "Supply Function Equilibrium" to evaluate the government proposal of splitting the generation assets of SEC between four-generation companies. The model analyzes the level of market competition as a result of the proposed plan. The analysis shows that the establishment of four-generation companies will result in imperfect competition and that additional measures are needed to mitigate market power. Chapter 5 provides a summary of the proposed recommendations and suggests future work.
by Mohammed S. Alhumaid.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
S.M.
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FAHIMIFAR, FARAZ. "BananaCharge - electricity on the go." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-193025.
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I detta kandidatexamensarbete utvecklas en produkt från ide till verklighet successivt med hjälp av metoder inom tekniskt design. Produkten kallas ”BananaCharge” vars syfte är att förse svenska folket med en bekväm lösning för att ladda sina bärbara produkter (främst mobiltelefoner) i farten utan att behöva vara begränsat till ett uttag. Upp emot 30 procent av stockholmsborna är villiga att betala för en tjänst som förser deras mobiler med ström vid nöd.Växande storstäder gör att fler åker längre sträckor från punkt A till B, vilket gör att folk inte alltid hinner ladda sin mobila enhet hemma. BananaCharges vill lösa detta problem genom att placera ett flertal av dessa stationer runt omkring Stockholm, därför startades detta projekt vars mål är att placera obemannade laddningsstationer på diverse knutpunkter. Vid projektstarten utfördes en förstudie för att få bredare kunskap om obemannade stationer, detta utfördes på centralstation Stockholm. När förstudien var utförd gjordes en kundundersökning, stationen anpassades utifrån kundens krav och önskemål. Därefter gjordes en konkurrensanalys för att hitta existerande ”state of the art” lösningar på marknaden idag. Konkurrensanalysen resulterade i att Mobilequbes är dagens ”state of the art” lösning och blev en referenspunkt för BananaCharge under projektets gång. Metoden ”svarta lådan” användes för klargöra vad stationens uppgift är och hur den ska gå till väga för att lösa problemet, utifrån metoden ”svarta lådan” valdes trådlös laddning som slutgiltig lösningsmetod där ”state of the art” produkter användes. Ett flertal metoder användes inom konceptframtagningsprocessen bland annat form- och strukturvariationer samt morfologisk matris. Tillslut valdes tre koncept som BananaCharge valde att gå vidare med. De tre koncepten utvärderades under konceptutvärderingsfasen med hjälp av ett flertal metoder som elimineringsmatris och relativ beslutsmatris, detta resulterade till att koncept 3 blev vald och följde de bestämda kraven bäst, den fick namnet BananaCharge (alfa). Konceptet utvecklades under konceptutvecklingsprocessen. Under utvecklingsprocessen noterades respektive problemområde ner och analasyredas, dessa löstes för respektive komponent genom att bygga en prototyp och testa olika lösningar, resultatet gav en funktionsduglig mekanism placerad i en väldesignad station. Slutkonceptet dimensionerades där verktyg som Solid Edge och Matlab användes, även en kostnadsanalys gjordes på alla ingående delar genom att kontakta återförsäljare. Slutsatsen blev att byggandet av stationen är fullt möjligt men att det kommer kosta mer än det önskade tillverkningspriset, en djupare kostnadskalkyl kan göras för att få en volymbaserad kostnad. Den använda stegmotorn för mekanismen bör bytas ut mot en servomotor för mer precis förflyttning eller att en ”encoder” kopplas till stegmotorn och det glidande spåret behöver merfriktion i form av gummimatta. Slutligen kan det diskuteras ifall större avgränsning av arbetet borde ha gjorts då låsmekanismen, stationen samt batterimekanismen var för mycket jobb under den korta arbetstiden.In this bachelor's thesis a product was developed gradually from idea to reality using methods in technical design. The final product is called " Banana Charge" whose purpose is to provide the Swedish people with a convenient solution for charging their portable products (mainly mobile phones) on the go, without having to be limited to a socket. Up to 30 percent of Stockholm residents are willing to pay for a service that provides their mobiles with power when they are in need. The expansion of cities allows people to travel longer distances from point A to B, which means that people do not always have time to recharge their mobile device at home. BananaCharges want to solve this problem by placing a number of these stations around Stockholm, therefore they started this project where the aim is to place numerous unmanned charging stations at key locatons. At the start of the project a feasibility study was conducted to gain wider knowledge of unattended stations, this was performed in Central station Stockholm. A customer survey started once the feasibility study was conducted, the station was adapted according to the customer requirements. This was followed by a competitive analysis to find the existing "state of the art ' solutions on the market today. Competition analysis resulted in Mobilequbes being today's " state of the art " solution and became a reference point for Banana Charge during the project. The method of "black box" was used to clarify what the station's task is and how to go about solving those tasks. Wireless charging was selected as a final solution (based on the method of "black box") where " state of the art " products were used. Several methods were used in the concept development process including shape- and structural variations and morphological matrix. Banana Charge eventually chose three concepts to continue with. The three concepts were evaluated during the concept evaluation phase with the help ofseveral methods among them was eliminate matrix and relative decision matrix, this resulted to concept 3 being selected which followed the customer requirements best. The concept was named Banana Charge (alpha) and was improved during the concept development process. Each problem area was noted down during the development process and was analyzed, theproblem where solved after prototyping and testing each component, the results gave a working mechanism located in a well-designed station. The final design was dimensioned with the help of tools such as Solid Edge and Matlab, a cost analysis was done on all of the parts after contacting retailers It was concluded that the construction of the station is possible but it will cost more than the desired production cost, a deeper cost estimate can be made with a volume-based cost. The stepper motor for the mechanism should be replaced with a servomotor for more precise movement or an encoder could be attached for more precision, a rubber mat could be used to increase the friction in the sliding track. Finally, it can be discussed if a more precise definition of the workload should have been done when the locking mechanism, the station and the battery mechanism was too much work for the short time span.
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Ahang, M. (Mohammadreza). "Demand response in electricity market." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201709062808.
Full textAbstract:
The flexibility of the system depends on the price elasticities. Demand response programs use the price elasticities in order to smooth the load curve and also increases the flexibility as well as the reliability of the system.
Nordic regions have international energy exchange market (Nord pool). This market determines the clearing price after receiving the information from supply and demand sides. This study uses system price from Nord pool market and the electricity consumption from Finland to estimate the hourly price elasticities from 2013 to 2016.
The project uses the system of simultaneous equations includes demand and supply sides. Two different models have been applied to estimate the price elasticities consist of TSLS and SUR procedures. On the one hand, there is some evidence support that the electricity price can be exogenous variable in the demand equation; on the other hand, the reaction of industries to the price volatilities indicates the endogenous prices.
The hourly price elasticities during peak load time differ from off-peak load time. The range of the price elasticities in TSLS model is from −0.001 to −0.027. The size of price elasticities during working hours is larger than the other periods of time, therefore demand response programs would be more successful throughout the peak load time. This result can help policy makers to shift the electricity consumption from peak load time to off-peak load time.
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Al-Madfai, Hasan. "Weather corrected electricity demand forecasting." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2002. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/weather-corrected-electricity-demand-forecasting(2e066cc4-58b1-4694-9937-ee8f57fbed02).html.
Full textAbstract:
Electricity load forecasts now form an essential part of the routine operations of electricity companies. The complexity of the short-term load forecasting (STLF) problem arises from the multiple seasonal components, the change in consumer behaviour during holiday seasons and other social and religious events that affect electricity consumption. The aim of this research is to produce models for electricity demand that can be used to further the understanding of the dynamics of electricity consumption in South Wales. These models can also be used to produce weather corrected forecasts, and to provide short-term load forecasts. Two novel time series modelling approaches were introduced and developed. Profiles ARIMA (PARIMA) and the Variability Decomposition Method (VDM). PARIMA is a univariate modelling approach that is based on the hierarchical modelling of the different components of the electricity demand series as deterministic profiles, and modelling the remainder stochastic component as ARIMA, serving as a simple yet versatile signal extraction procedure and as a powerful prewhitening technique. The VDM is a robust transfer function modelling approach that is based on decomposing the variability in time series data to that of inherent and external. It focuses the transfer function model building on explaining the external variability of the data and produces models with parameters that are pertinent to the components of the series. Several candidate input variables for the VDM models for electricity demand were investigated, and a novel collective measure of temperature the Fair Temperature Value (FTV) was introduced. The FTV takes into account the changes in variance of the daily maximum and minimum temperatures with time, making it a more suitable explanatory variable for the VDM model. The novel PARIMA and VDM approaches were used to model the quarterly, monthly, weekly, and daily demand series. Both approaches succeeded where existing approaches were unsuccessful and, where comparisons are possible, produced models that were superior in performance. The VDM model with the FTV as its explanatory variable was the best performing model in the analysis and was used for weather correction. Here, weather corrected forecasts were produced using the weather sensitive components of the PARIMA models and the FTV transfer function component of the VDM model.
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Krovvidi, Sai S. "Competitive Microgrid Electricity Market Design." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32964.
Full textAbstract:
The electric power grid forms the foundation for several other critical infrastructures of national importance such as public health, transportation and telecommunication systems, to thrive. The current power grid runs on the century-old technology and faces serious challenges of the 21st century - Ever-increasing demand and the need to provide a sustainable way to meet the growing demand, increased requirement of resilience against man-made and natural disasters, ability to defend against cyber attacks, increasing demand for reliable power, requirement to integrate with alternate energy generation and storage technologies. Several countries, including the United States, have realized the immediate need to modernize the grid and to pursue the goal of a smart grid.
Majority of recent grid modernization efforts are directed towards the distribution systems to be able to meet these new challenges. One of the key enablers of a fully functional Smart Grid are microgrids â subsystems of the grid, utilizing small generation capacities at the distribution system level to increase the overall reliability and power quality of the local grid. It is one of the key directions recommended by national electric delivery technologies roadmap in United States as well as policy makers for electricity delivery in many countries.
Microgrids have witnessed serious research activity in the past few years, especially in areas such as multi-agent system (MAS) architectures for microgrid control and auction algorithms for microgrid electricity transaction. However, most of the prior research on electricity transaction in microgrids fails to recognize and represent the true nature of the microgrid electricity market.
In this research, a comprehensive microgrid electricity market has been designed, taking into account several unique characteristics of this new market place. This thesis establishes an economic rationale to the vision of wide-scale deployment of microgrids serving residential communities in near future and develops a comprehensive understanding of microgrid electricity market. A novel concept of Community Microgrids is introduced and the market and business models for electricity transaction are proposed and validated based on economic forecasts of key drivers of distributed generation.
The most important contribution of this research deals with establishing a need for a trustworthy model framework for microgrid market and introducing the concept of reputation score to market participants.
A framework of day-ahead energy market (DAEM) for electricity transaction, incorporating an approach of using the reputation score to incentivize the sellers in the market to be trustworthy, has been designed and implemented in MATLAB with a graphical user interface (GUI). Current implementation demonstrates a market place with two sellers and nine buyers and is easily scalable to support multiple market participants.
The proposed microgrid electricity market may spur the deployment of residential microgrids, incorporating distributed generation, thereby making significant contribution to increase the overall reliability and power quality of the local grid.Master of Science
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D'Amato, Ilario. "Bringing electricity to rural India." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23549.
Full textAbstract:
In today’s Development environment, characterised by a scarcity of resources for projects and interventions, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) must fiercely compete for funds. This has led NGOs to adhere to the donor’s narrative, language and Neoliberal values – with storytelling assuming a prominent position – potentially creating stereotyping issues in their communication outputs – while also facing the contrasting forces of market, state and communities. This thesis focuses on the case-study of the Bijli project, an energy access initiative for rural villages in India, created by The Climate Group – an important actor in the field and the charity where the author of this thesis still works. After a quick analysis of how the energy issue has shaped development in India, this work uses the academic tools of Discourse Analysis and Representation to examine the issues of stereotypes and marginalisation in the video produced by The Climate Group at the end of the Bijli program. Then, the ‘lessons learned’ have been applied to the video script for a new, potential video for a similar project that The Climate Group is now developing. Finally, such empirical application has shown how the issues arisen in the analysis relate to the modern debate in the Communication for Development field and how these new partnerships both challenge and reinforce the existing power relationships in the current Neoliberal climate. A more participatory, inclusive model could help the Global North audience better understand the reality in which it wants to intervene, but at the same time state and market are two powerful, useful actors to bring a more equitable development.
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Unal, Ragip. "Interactions of Microorganisms with Electricity." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392802714.
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Khabrana, Ahmed, and Jaber Ageeli. "Producing Electricity in Power Plant." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för tillämpad signalbehandling, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1979.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This Bachelor thesis has been written at the Blekinge Institute of Technology. The thesis describes electricity production in Shoaiba Steam Power plant in Saudi Arabia. Shoaiba Power Plant is located 100 km South of Jeddah city in Saudi Arabia. Total power production ability reaches 4400 MW. Shoaiba Power Plant has two stages and is constructed with 11 units, each unit produces 400 MW at line voltage 24 kV and line current 16 kA. Main pieces of equipment and their function in the station are as follows: A Steam Generator (boiler), produces steam by burning natural gas or crude oil in the furnace. The steam is superheated and is passed into a steam turbine, which converts the thermal energy of the steam into mechanical power, in form of rotary motion. The turbine drives a generator, which converts the rotary energy of the turbine into electric power. Steam generator, steam turbine and electrical generator are components that are described in the thesis. When the flow of steam to the turbine is controlled, then the amount of thermal energy that changes to mechanical energy in the steam turbine is controlled. The electrical generator is where the final energy conversion takes place. The mechanical energy from the turbine is converted by the generator into electrical energy, which is transmitted to the service area by help of electrical transmission lines. The plant cycle is an essential part of the energy flow path. Without the plant cycle, the conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy would not occur, The plant cycle is a closed loop that allows the same water to be used over and over again. Always, the power plants are situated far from residential areas and located outside cities and close to the sea, because the steam is produced from seawater. The advantages of the steam power stations are as follows: They can produce high amounts of electrical energy from small amounts of fuel. They have low initial costs, obstetrics and maintenance costs are not high, and the stations do not need much space to be built and they have usually high capacity. The disadvantages of steam stations are the following: They cause environmental pollution, they have low efficiency, and require very big quantities of cooling water, and the stations must be built away from populated areas.Conclusion: Converting in steam power plant is one of many ways to produce electrical energy in the world. It can be done in any country because it can be done with different chemical sources. In Saudi Arabia we use oil, because it easier and cheaper than any other chemical source for us. As any country would use what is better for them. The thesis has described circulation system in Shoaiba power plant by converting chemical energy to thermal energy in the boiler, then the turbine converts thermal energy to mechanical energy. Then the mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy in the generator. The advantages of the steam stations are as follows: production of high amounts of electrical energy from small amounts of fuel, low cost of the initial costs, obstetrics and maintenance costs are not high, the station does not need much space to build and they are usually high capacity. The disadvantages of steam stations are the following: environmental pollution, low efficiency, requires very big amounts of cooling water, and these stations must be built away from population areas.
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Connor, Gary. "The externalities in electricity generation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13455.
Full textAbstract:
Externalities exist where costs or benefits are unaccounted for in the market price of a commodity. The market price of electricity in a privatised Electricity Supply Industry such as the UK normally reflects the short term costs associated with producing electricity, rather than the longer term external effects of diversity, sustainability and the environment. UK Government recognition of these externalities has resulted in legislation, economic measures such as taxes and schemes to encourage technologies with perceived lower external cost or added external benefit such as Renewable Energy. This thesis examines the factors constituting externalities within the major electricity producing fuel cycles. Further it is shown that externalities may be specifically quantified at a local level in order to produce optimal welfare distribution. The wind energy fuel cycle is shown to be a prime example of an electricity production method entailing unmeasured externalities. Specific analysis of electricity production from wind is used to develop a computer model, ExWind. ExWind enables the quantification of the associated project externalities which when evaluated together with all other cost and benefit factors provides the optimal project design. Field studies making use of the Ex Wind methodology on existing and planned windfarm sites produce location specific monetary valuations for externalities. These results are in good agreement with previous qualitative studies of windfarm externalities. The genetic wind project optimisation in Ex Wind efficiently yields windfarm layouts significantly better than those designed by humans, while additionally producing optimal welfare distribution.