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Frigo, Juliana Pires. "Estudo comparativo dos sistemas construtivos na construção de habitações de interesse social rural Aspectos energéticos e econômicos." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2014. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/775.
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-19Several aspects related to dwelling, wellness and life quality demand specific constructive solutions. Considering that the building is one of the responsible by the environment damages because of the quantity of waste, it is also responsible by the electricity waste from the substance extraction to its final product. This study shows a comparative among five combinations of locks and coatings, like: ceramic bricks (plastered), concrete block (plastered), cured lightweight (painted), soil cement (plastered) and soil cement brick with exposed complement (painted), with the purpose to identify which solution is more adequate considering the lowest cost and less electricity spent involved in its process. The adopted methodological procedure is an exploratory research with an explicative approach that enabled the knowledge about the adopted technologies to the rural dwellings study. This study enabled the inputs classification and comparative, executions and spending, having as the mainly result the more viable technology to the rural dwelling and deserve more attention and incentive while its use in a major scale is the soil cement brick with exposed complement only with waterproofing paint related to the spending and electricity economy involved in the execution and use process.
Diversos aspectos relacionados à moradia, bem estar e qualidade de vida demandam soluções construtivas especificas. Levando em consideração que a construção civil é uma das responsáveis pelos impactos ambientais devido à geração de grandes volumes de resíduos, é a responsável também pelo desperdício de uma significativa parcela de energia, envolvida desde o processo de extração da matéria prima até o produto final. O presente estudo apresenta um comparativo entre cinco combinações de fechamentos e revestimentos, sendo elas: tijolo cerâmico (rebocado), bloco de concreto (rebocado), concreto leve polimerizado (pintado), tijolo de solo-cimento (rebocado) e tijolo de solo-cimento com acabamento a vista (pintado), visando identificar qual a solução apresenta- se mais adequada se tratando de um menor custo aliado a um menor gasto de energia envolvida em seu processo. Para tanto o procedimento metodológico adotado é de uma pesquisa exploratória de abordagem explicativa que possibilitou o conhecimento sobre as tecnologias adotadas para o estudo em habitações sociais rurais. Este trabalho possibilitou a realização da classificação e comparativo das características dos insumos, execuções e custos, tendo como principal resultado que a tecnologia mais viável para habitações sociais rurais e que merece maior atenção e incentivo enquanto sua utilização em maior escala é a de tijolo de solo-cimento com acabamento a vista apenas com pintura impermeabilizante no aspecto de custos e de economia de energia envolvidos em seu processo de execução e utilização.
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Urbanski, Pawel Tomasz. "Electricity price regulation in the transition economy." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8812.
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Bethapudi, Daniel Naveen. "Dynamic interactions between electricity prices and the regional economy." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2275.
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In this thesis we study characterize the dynamic relationships among two electricity
price variables (residential and commercial) and six regional economic variables in order
to examine each individual variable??s role in regional economic activity. We also answer
the question ??Do electricity prices have impact on regional economic variables???
We use two statistical techniques as engines of analysis. First, we use directed acyclic
graphs to discover how surprises (innovations) in prices from each variable are
communicated to other variables in contemporaneous time. Second, we use time series
methods to capture regularities in time lags among the series.
Yearly time series data on two electricity prices and six regional economic
variables for Montgomery County (Texas) are studied using time series methods.
Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) are used to impose restrictions on the Vector Auto
Regression model (VAR). Using Innovation Accounting Analysis of the estimated
Vector Auto Regression (VAR) model we unravel the dynamic relationships between the
eight variables. We conclude that rising electricity prices have a negative impact on allregional economic variables. The commercial average electricity prices lead residential
average electricity prices in the time frame we studied (1969-2000). Rising residential
electricity prices also have a positive impact on income derived from transfer payments.
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Özden-Schilling, Canay. "Economy electric : techno-economics, neoliberalism, and electricity in the United States." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104559.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in History and Social Study of Science and Technology (HASTS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Science, Technology and Society, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 263-285).
This dissertation is a study of emergent economic forms of life. It investigates recent remakings of economic existence and modes of disseminating these forms of life, and does so with particular reference to the crafting of electricity markets in the United States. It draws on more than a year of fieldwork among experts and users involved in electricity exchange. The experts and users among whom I conducted participant observation include computer programmers who assist companies that trade in electricity markets by collecting information and making trading suggestions, electrical engineers who design new infrastructures such as electricity markets for buying and selling electricity in bulk, psychologists and social scientists who study people's electricity consumption behavior to generate economic technologies to save money to users and providers of electricity, and citizen groups based in West Virginia and rural Illinois that organize against electricity markets' exclusion of consumers from decision-making mechanisms. Bringing questions of economic anthropology to bear upon the emergent literature of the anthropology of infrastructures, I propose that new economic forms of existence often come to being though infrastructure building and maintenance. For the last 20 years, experts of diverse technical backgrounds have been reprogramming the electric grid to allow for enhanced calculative choice and competition - principles at the core of the neoliberal agenda. I demonstrate that people who do not necessarily concern themselves with the formal study of economics often take the lead in creating and propagating wide-ranging economic emergent forms of life, such as neoliberalism, across the social field. To zero in on their work, I develop the concept of "techno-economics": an approach that understands commodities, whether they are living nonhumans such as livestock or inorganic processes like electricity, as more than passive receptacles of human design, and locates humans within their efforts to commoditize and marketize unruly objects, like electricity - a commodity that cannot be stored in warehouses or shipped on highways. Anthropological studies of the techno-economic, I suggest, are best equipped to make connections in ethnographic representation between otherwise disparate nodes of social life, like expertise and wires, law and steel, and finally, economics and electricity.
by Canay Özden-Schilling.
Ph. D. in History and Social Study of Science and Technology (HASTS)
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Unsal, Ezgi Berfin. "A political economy of electricity and housing provision in Turkey : financialisation and change." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2018. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/30255/.
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Baker, Lucy Heather. "Power shifts? : the political economy of socio-technical transitions in South Africa's electricity sector." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2012. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/41975/.
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Smith, David Matthew. "Peak shaving and alternative power : a question of economy, quality of life and quality of electricity." Thesis, Springfield, Va. : Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA367252.
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Chatterjee, Elizabeth. "Underpowered : electricity policy and the state in India, 1991-2014." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2d97e1ca-b31c-4dc3-a0c8-6352c95280c1.
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How has the Indian state changed with economic liberalization? While many scholars have explored the altered party politics and class basis of the liberalization-era state, few have studied its transforming internal organizational forms and functioning. This thesis aims to provide an empirically grounded answer to this question. To do this it uses the lens of electricity: the sector lies at the heart of contemporary capital accumulation, state power, and distributive politics, and has witnessed almost a quarter-century of institutional reforms since 1991. In the sector, new or reworked organizational forms—such as imported regulatory agencies, corporatized state-owned enterprises, and public-private partnerships—have been grafted onto the older statist system in a process of institutional layering. Favouring state-business collaboration and prioritizing rapid economic growth, this mode of state operation is distinct both from a liberal, market-oriented state and from India’s older state-led mode. It combines state intervention and selective adoption of parts of the Washington Consensus template to produce a reinvented mode of power governance that I term state capitalism 2.0. India’s new state-market hybrid is not a functional alternative to the older models, however. The layered process through which it has emerged means that it is distinctively dysfunctional. Organizations have emerged in an ad hoc fashion, each shaped and reshaped by multiple collective interests, while existing organizations are rarely destroyed. The resulting layered amalgam institutionalizes contradictory state strategies, co-optation by competing interest groups, and a dualistic system of services and subsidies. Consequently the sector’s performance remains poor. As a result, developments in the Indian power sector suggest that the state's 'pro-business' transition has been painful and incomplete. At least in this sector, the Indian state remains simultaneously more indispensable, more ambivalently pro-business, and more chaotic than much theory might suggest.
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Parsapour, Aminabbas. "Biogas Production System as an "Upcycler" : Exergy Analysis and Economic Evaluation." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-81358.
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Sustainable development is a growing concern for inhabitants of the planet earth. Consumption of fossil sources keeps up the depletion of nature’s capital and causes environmental impacts. One solution to have a sustainable society is to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels and substitute them by renewable energy sources. Among different types of renewable energy, biofuels have great potential for development and improvement. Though, the production of biofuels is criticized by many experts from the energy efficiency, environmental and economical points of view. Biogas as one type of first generation biofuels is achieved from the wastes and by-products of other industries, and can be used as a transportation fuel in the form of biomethane. The use of by-products may give added value as inputs to the biogas production process, a process which may be called "upcycling." The aim of upcycling is to convert wastes into new materials with higher quality or higher environmental value in order to reduce the consumption of raw materials which results in decreasing of energy usage and environmental impacts The aim of this thesis is to study the possibility of a biogas plant to act as an upcycler of wastes and by-products through anaerobic digestion process by the use of exergy analysis and economic evaluation. An imaginary biogas plant which uses a major by-product of brewing industry, i.e. Brewer’s Spent Grain (BSG), is considered to quantify the added value by biogas production process. The results of the exergy analysis show that the exergy of the input BSG (78,320 MJ) is upgraded into two main products as biomethane (47,430 MJ) and biofertilizer (37,026 MJ) with a total exergy amount of 84,456 MJ. On the other hand, the economic analysis of the studied biogas production process indicates that the biogas plant has the added value for the input material. In the economic analysis, the annual costs and benefits of the biogas production is calculated. The results show that the production of biomethane and biofertilizer from the by-product of brewing industry is profitable. However, the price of input BSG and also the variation price of the biofertilizer in different seasons, have great impact on the economy of a biogas plant. The outcomes from exergy and economic analysis are indicated that the biogas production process is an "upcycling" process which has the added value for the inputs, from both economic and quality points of view. The exergy and economic evaluation may be used as indicators of the sustainable development, but only increasing the exergy and the economic value of a production process alone should not be considered as the sustainability of a system.
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Björvang, Carl. "Hänsynsfullt stamnät? En studie av ekonomiska och miljömässiga hänsynstaganden vid utbyggnationen av det svenska elstamnätet 1980-2010." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ekonomisk-historiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-315187.
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Denna studie undersöker de ekonomiska och miljömässiga hänsyn som tagits vid utbyggnaden av de svenska elstamnätet under perioden 1980-2010. Dokument från både mindre och större utbyggnadsprojekt har använts för att identifiera och analysera dessa hänsynstaganden. Resultaten visar att nivån av hänsyn till ekonomiska och miljömässiga intressen överlag ökat markant under perioden, särskilt i och med lagändringar som avkrävt att hänsyn tas till särskilda intressen. Vissa intressen saknade dock välutvecklade hänsynstaganden även i senare delen av materialet, något som bör tas i beaktan vid framtida stamnätsutbyggnader.This study has examined the economic and environmental considerations taken during the expansion of the Swedish power grid between 1980-2010. Documents from minor and major grid expansions have been used to locate and analyse these considerations. The results point towards a sharp increase in the level of considerations taken to economic and environmental interests during course of the period, especially in response to legal developments mandating certain interests to be brought into consideration. However, some of the interests studied lacked well-developed considerations even in the later parts of the period, something that should be taken into account when deliberating future grid expansions.
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ROCHA, RENATO DE ALMEIDA. "CALCULUS OF THE WEIGHTED AVERAGE COST OF CAPITAL OF THE BRAZILIAN ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION SECTOR WITH NATIONAL ECONOMY DATA AND APT MODEL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=14713@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROA ANEEL efetua o cálculo do custo médio ponderado de capital do setor brasileiro de distribuição de energia elétrica (WACC Regulatório) e o insere nas tarifas, a partir de dados da economia norte-americana por entender que os dados da economia brasileira não apresentam séries consistentes. Com relação ao cálculo do custo do capital próprio, a ANEEL o define utilizando o modelo CAPM. Uma vez que os resultados obtidos a partir de dados da economia norte-americana, para refletirem a realidade brasileira, carecem de ajustes posteriores, além da limitação do uso do CAPM que apenas correlaciona o desempenho do setor com o mercado; a proposta apresentada neste trabalho é de calcular o custo médio ponderado de capital do setor através de dados da economia brasileira, e no caso do custo do capital próprio utilizar o modelo APT para sua estimação, correlacionando o desempenho do setor com as variáveis macroeconômicas que mais o impactam. Os resultados indicam que já é possível trabalhar com dados da economia brasileira e que o custo médio ponderado de capital estimado para o setor em estudo, feito pela ANEEL pode estar subestimado, uma vez que, por partir de dados da economia norte-americana pode acabar por não captar plenamente alguns riscos que o modelo APT capta partindo de dados da economia brasileira.
ANEEL calculates the weighted average cost of capital of the Brazilian electric energy distribution sector (Regulatory WACC) based on American economic data, as it understands that the data from the Brazilian economy does not present consistent series. In the case of the cost of equity, ANEEL uses the CAPM model and inserts the results into the tariffs. Due to the fact that, the results obtained from the American economy in order to reflect the Brazilian reality need further adjustments, aside from the limitation of CAPM which correlates the performance of the sector exclusively with the market; we calculate the average cost of capital of the sector with Brazilian economic data. In the case of the cost of equity, we use the APT model to correlate the performance of the sector with the macroeconomics variables that have greatest impacts. The results indicate that it’s already possible to work with Brazilian economic data and that the average cost of capital of the sector as calculated by ANEEL might be underestimated, due to the use of American economic data that may not completely capture some risks that the APT model with Brazilian data captures.
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Hansen, Christopher Joshi. "A bottom-up model of electricity reform for developing countries : a case study of Gujarat, India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:dd6fd7af-b664-4fab-acc6-2be9efacf498.
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In many developing countries, the electricity system is too weak to meet growing demand and the availability and reliability of generating capacity is inadequate. Protracted mismanagement, political interference, subsidised pricing, and corruption all undermine the ability of developing electricity supply industries to finance and deliver service or attract new private investment. Power sector reform is an acute need in developing countries where implementation of a top-down liberalisation approach has been pursued without adequately considering the social, political and economic conditions. The conventional response to low levels of electricity sector investment has been from the top-down: aim to create competitive electricity markets by encouraging new entry into the generation sector and by breaking up vertically integrated power companies. Using a case study from Gujarat, India, this thesis argues for an alternative approach—utilise distributed generation (DG) and captive power capacity (self-generation) of industry to reshape the generation and distribution sectors from the bottom-up. The thesis examines the economic viability of distributed generation in a rural setting and captive power for industrial use in Gujarat, India, taking into account the economic, technical and political factors that shape investment decisions. In India, 40 percent of the population still does not have an electricity connection, but an array of new energy technologies for small-scale electricity generation near the site of use may provide a new development path. The bottom-up model enables rapid addition of generation capacity to a system struggling to meet demand while increasing competition in the power market. The thesis concludes that more power from independent and industrial sources will best harness the financial and engineer resources of the Indian electricity supply industry (ESI) and ultimately benefit the economy. The solution proposed is not suggested as an optimal policy programme, but instead is advanced as the best of the feasible options available within current political and economic constraints.
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Herrera, Alfonso Herrera. "Gerenciamento da demanda mediante substituição energética na cocção residencial: região metropolitana da Costa Rica." Universidade de São Paulo, 1996. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-18012012-140952/.
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Este trabalho faz uma análise da gestão do sistema elétrico da Costa Rica. Identica a substituição de eletricidade por GLP na cocção residencial, como um dos programa mais apropriados para reduzir o incremento do consumo de energia e demanda de potência nas horas de ponta. A sustentabilidade da substituição baseia-se no atual processo de abastecimento de eletricidade para este uso nal. A fonte primária de energia utilizada na geração de eletricidade, durante os períodos de ponta, são os derivados do petróleo: este processo é de menor eciência que a utilização de GLP em forma direta para cocção. A substituição em grande escala do GLP na cocção residencial permitirá reduzir o incremento da demanda de eletricidade nas horas de ponta, reduzir vendas de eletricidade subsidiada e fazer um melhor uso dos combustíveis atualmente importados, melhorando a balanço comercial do país. Na avaliação da efetividade econômica da substituição de energéticos foram consideradas três diferentes perspectivas: do consumidor, da concessionárias e da sociedade. Devido ao preço subsidiado da eletricidade, consumidor residencial têm pouco ou nenhum incentivo para substituir seu fogão, a menos que o fogão seja subsidiado também. No entanto, os benefícios para a concessionária de distribuição são sucientes para oferecer estes incentivos. O tratamento explícito deste tipo de programas de aumento da eficiência, como recurso disponível pelas concessionárias elétricas na Costa Rica para satisfazer o aumento da demanda, permitirá dispensar a construção de grande parte das usinas térmicas previstas no programa de expansão do sistema elétrico nacional.The aim of this work is the analysis of the electric power system management in Costa Rica. The possibility of substitution of LPG (Liqueed Petroleum Gas) for electric power, in home cooking, are identied as one of the most important program in order to reduce increasing peak load and energy requirements in electric power system of Costa Rica. The sustentability of the substitution program stands on the current process of electric power supply. The primary power sources used in generating electric power in rush hours are oil-based; this process is less efcient than directly using LPG for home cooking, Large scale substitution with LPG in home cooking will reduce increasing electric power demand in peak hours, reducing subsidized electricity sales, with better use of combustibles presently imported, improving the country commercial balance and preventing or postponing electric power system expansion investments. Three different perspectives have been considered in evaluating economical effectivity in substituting power sources: user perspective, utility perspective and society perspective. Due to subsidized electric power prices, residential users do not enough interest in substituing of LPG for power source; unless LPG cookers are also subsidized. However, positive results for the distribution utility are enough in order to offer these kind of incentives. Explicit treatment of these kind of programs, including the efficiency increment as an available resource for electric power utilities in Costa Rica, will avoid the implantation of most of combustion plants now planned in current National Electric Power Plant expansion program.
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Ortega, Daniel Mahauad. "Uso eficiente de energia elétrica no setor residencial do Equador: estratégias tecnológica, política e econômica." Universidade de São Paulo, 1994. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-20012012-114344/.
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O Setor Residencial (SR) do Equador necessita introduzir estratégias de uso eficiente de energia elétrica nos três usos finais de maior consumo: refrigeração (44%), iluminação (21%) e aquecimento da água (12%). O consumo residencial é responsável por 40% do consumo de energia elétrica do país, abrange 86% dos usuários e tem uma taxa média de crescimento da demanda de energia elétrica de 6,3% ao ano, desde 1990. Continuando com esse ritmo de crescimento, no ano 2005, a demanda atingiria 5.338GWh ( 21% a mais que em 1992). Além disso, é o setor mais favorecido pelo governo, com subsídios tarifários que ocasionaram uma perda aproximada de 89,4 milhões de dólares em 1993. Os principais aspectos que impedem o uso eficiente da energia elétrica são a falta de informação aos consumidores, as tecnologias de uso final ineficientes, uma inadequada política de aprovisionamento de energia elétrica, preços da eletricidade inferiores aos seus custos de fornecimento e escassez de recursos financeiros para investimentos. O potencial de energia elétrica que poderia ser economizado com a implementação de tecnologias eficientes em 2005 é de cerca de 1.975GWh (13% do consumo nacional previsto, sem nenhum programa de conservação), e uma potencia coincidente evitada de 279 MW (17,5% da demanda de potencia nacional), o que permitiria servir 350.000 novos consumidores. Além do mais, o país poderia postergar um investimento de 383 milhões de dólares na instalação de novas usinas hidroelétricas. O custo de conservar 1.975 GWh de energia elétrica, segundo a curva custo aprovisionamento (método de planejamento de custo mínimo com tecnologia eficiente) seria de 72 milhões de dólares, ou seja, 44% do custo de aprovisionamento a custos marginais atuais. As principais estratégias para desenvolver o uso eficiente da energia elétrica no setor residencial do Equador são: a) programas de informação para os consumidores; b) financiamento de programas de troca de equipamentos convencionais pelos eficientes; c) retorno do investimento aos consumidores e concessão de empréstimos; d) usar uma adequada política de preços da eletricidade para incentivar ao usuário à conservação de energia; e) desenvolver a reestruturação institucional do setor elétrico, visando a conservação de energia.Equators Residential Sector (RS) needs to introduce energy conservations programms and efficient electricity use strategies on the three end-uses of greater consumption: refrigeration (44%), lighting (21%), and water treating (12%). Today, the RS is responsible for 40% of the country´s electric energy consumption, enclosing 86% of the consumers and increasing its electric energy demand average rate by 6,3% each year. lf the value of the increase rate continues the same, in 2005, the electric demand will have become 5.338 GWb(221% more that 1992). Moreover, is the sector that most government benets has received in terms of price subsidies, producing looses of 89,4 millions of dollars in 1993. There are barriers for improvement in the electric energy end-use eiciency: ignorance about possibilities of efficiency measures, apliances of end-use which are poor in energy efficiency, unclear national policies on energy-efciency, electric energy prices not reecting accurately both the generating and the true social costs, and nally the lack of capital for investiments. Electricity energy savings using more efficient appliances will be, by 2005, near 1.975 GWh (13% of the total electric consumption without conservation programms), and capacity savings will be 279 MW (17,5% of the total electric demand), anougit to serve 350.000 new consumers. In addition, the country could postpone investments by 383 million dollars in order to install new hydroelectric plants. The cost of saving 1.975 GWh of electric energy, according to cost-supply curve (Least Cost Planning), is 72 million dollars; in other words, 44% of the total cost gured using a marginal cost supply. The main strategies for the achievement of efficient electricity use in Equators Residential Sector are: a) to improve information available for consumers; b) to finance energy conservation programs, in order to change convencional technologies for most efficient ones; c) to rebate consumer investiments, offer loans; d) to use a more rational price criteria to provide electricity which would encorage the user saving electricity; e) to develop and implement policies and programmes to restructure institutions focused in energy conservation both in the public and private electric sector.
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Erdogdu, Erkan. "Essays on electricity market reforms : a cross-country applied approach." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/244713.
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In the last two decades, more than half of the countries in the world have introduced a reform process in their power industries and billions of dollars have been spent on liberalizing electricity markets around the world. This thesis presents a doctoral research concerned with the cross-country empirical analysis of the electricity market reforms. The thesis is in three-paper format; that is, we present three independent but related stand-alone papers. The first paper focuses on the impact of power market reforms on electricity price-cost margins and industrial/residential price ratios. It investigates this issue by looking at the impact of the electricity industry reforms on residential and industrial electricity price-cost margins and their effect on industrial/residential price ratios. Using panel data from 63 developed and developing countries covering the period 1982–2009, empirical models are developed and analysed. The results suggest that each individual reform step has different impact on price-cost margins and industrial/residential price ratios for each consumer and country group. That is to say, our findings imply that similar reform steps may have different impacts in different countries, which supports the idea that reform prescription for a specific country cannot easily be transferred to another one with similar success. The second paper explores whether the question of why some countries are able to implement more extensive reforms is closely related to the question of why some countries have better institutions than others. It analyses this question by using an empirical econometric model based on Poisson regression with cross-section data covering 51 states in US, 13 provinces in Canada and 51 other countries. The study concludes that both the background of the chairperson and the minister/governor and institutional endowments of a country are important determinants of how far reforms have gone in a country. Considering the fact that ideological considerations, political composition of governments and educational/professional background of leaders have played and will play a crucial role throughout the reform process; the third paper attempts to discover the impact of political economic variables on the liberalization process in electricity markets. It develops and analyses empirical models using panel data from 55 developed and developing countries covering the period 1975–2010. The results suggest that a portion of the differences in the reform experiences of reforming countries in the past three decades can be explained by differences in the political structure, in the ideology of the government and in the professional and educational backgrounds of the political leaders.
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Luporini, Guido. "Um Sistema de Vigilância Marítima Aplicado à Poluição Marinha por Petróleo no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 1996. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-18012012-150407/.
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O principal objetivo deste trabalho é fazer uma análise exploratória a partir da bibliograa disponível, sobre o problema da poluição marinha no Brasil, em particular, da causada por derramamento de óleo. Analisando as principais fontes de poluição, no mundo e no Brasil, seus respectivos impactos ambientais e as metodologias de prevenção, controle, e de resposta adotadas, foi proposto um sistema de vigilância marítimo, capaz de vigiar grandes áreas independentemente das condições de luminosidade e de tempo. São apresentadas duas propostas, ambas baseadas em técnicas de sensoriamento remoto por radar, mas que se diferem principalmente pelas técnicas de aquisição de imagens e de processamento dos dados. Uma já consagrada mundialmente, a RAR (Real Aperture Radar ), e, a outra, a SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar), que além de operar sob as condições adversas acima mencionadas, é capaz também de obter ótima resolução espacial independentemente da distância do sensor e do alvo. Este estudo demonstra a ineficiência das metodologias adotadas aqui no Brasil, para detectar, avaliar e combater óleo no mar e alerta para as vantagens de se utilizar técnicas modernas de vigilância marítima.The main objectives of this work are to make a exploratory analysis from the available readings, about the maritime pollution problem in Brazil, particulary that from oil spills. Analyzing the main sources of oil pollution around the world and in Brazil; their environmental impacts, and prevention, control and response methods adopted, a radar maritime surveillance system was proposed to investigate large areas, under rain or sun, at day and night time, agaist oil spills. It is presented two kind of sensor: the first one is RAR (Real Aperture Radar) wich is well known world wide, and the other one is the SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar), wich is well suited to have good spacial resolution at any distance from the target. This work shows the needs to solve those problems related to maritime pollution in Brazil and the advantages to have a modem system to patrol the sea.
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Schumacher, Katja. "Innovative energy technologies in energy-economy models." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15654.
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Die Einführung neuartiger Energietechnologien wird allgemein als der Schlüssel zur Senkung klimaschädlicher Treibhausgase angesehen. Allerdings ist die Abbildung derartiger Technologien in numerischen Modellen zur Simulation und ökonomischen Analyse von energie- und klimaschutzpolitischen Maßnahmen vielfach noch rudimentär. Die Dissertation entwickelt neue Ansätze zur Einbindung von technologischen Innovationen in energie-ökonomische allgemeine Gleichgewichtsmodelle, mit dem Ziel den Energiesektor realitätsnäher abzubilden. Die Dissertation adressiert einige der Hauptkritikpunkte an allgemeinen Gleichgewichtsmodellen zur Analyse von Energie- und Klimapolitik: Die fehlende sektorale und technologische Disaggregation, die beschränkte Darstellung von technologischem Fortschritt, und das Fehlen von einem weiten Spektrum an Treibhausgasminderungsoptionen. Die Dissertation widmet sich zwei Hauptfragen: (1) Wie können technologische Innovationen in allgemeine Gleichgewichtsmodelle eingebettet werden? (2) Welche zusätzlichen und politikrelevanten Informationen lassen sich durch diese methodischen Erweiterungen gewinnen? Die Verwendung eines sogenannten Hybrid-Ansatzes, in dem neuartige Technologien für Stromerzeugung und Eisen- und Stahlherstellung in ein dynamisch multi-sektorales CGE Modell eingebettet werden, zeigt, dass technologiespezifische Effekte von großer Bedeutung sind für die ökonomische Analyse von Klimaschutzmaßnahmen, insbesondere die Effekte hinsichtlich von Technologiewechsel und dadurch bedingten Änderungen der Input- und Emissionsstrukturen. Darüber hinaus zeigt die Dissertation, dass Lerneffekte auf verschiedenen Stufen der Produktionskette abgebildet werden müssen: Für regenerative Energien, zum Beispiel, nicht nur bei der Anwendung von Stromerzeugungsanlagen, sondern ebenso auf der vorgelagerten Produktionsstufe bei der Herstellung dieser Anlagen. Die differenzierte Abbildung von Lerneffekten in Exportsektoren, wie zum Beispiel Windanlagen, verändert die Wirtschaftlichkeit und die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und hat wichtige Implikationen für die ökonomische Analyse von Klimapolitik.Energy technologies and innovation are considered to play a crucial role in climate change mitigation. Yet, the representation of technologies in energy-economy models, which are used extensively to analyze the economic, energy and environmental impacts of alternative energy and climate policies, is rather limited. This dissertation presents advanced techniques of including technological innovations in energy-economy computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. New methods are explored and applied for improving the realism of energy production and consumption in such top-down models. The dissertation addresses some of the main criticism of general equilibrium models in the field of energy and climate policy analysis: The lack of detailed sectoral and technical disaggregation, the restricted view on innovation and technological change, and the lack of extended greenhouse gas mitigation options. The dissertation reflects on the questions of (1) how to introduce innovation and technological change in a computable general equilibrium model as well as (2) what additional and policy relevant information is gained from using these methodologies. Employing a new hybrid approach of incorporating technology-specific information for electricity generation and iron and steel production in a dynamic multi-sector computable equilibrium model it can be concluded that technology-specific effects are crucial for the economic assessment of climate policy, in particular the effects relating to process shifts and fuel input structure. Additionally, the dissertation shows that learning-by-doing in renewable energy takes place in the renewable electricity sector but is equally important in upstream sectors that produce technologies, i.e. machinery and equipment, for renewable electricity generation. The differentiation of learning effects in export sectors, such as renewable energy technologies, matters for the economic assessment of climate policies because of effects on international competitiveness and economic output.
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Salas, Leonardo Abad Barriga. "Bases para a melhoria da eficiência na iluminação na Região Metropolitana de Lima." Universidade de São Paulo, 1995. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-18012012-125900/.
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As experiências internacionais indicam que a racionalização do consumo de energia elétrica para iluminação apresenta um significativo potencial de economia sem prejuízo nos níveis de iluminância. Neste trabalho, depois de caracterizar o uso da iluminação na Região Metropolitana de Lima e de estudar sua relação no contexto elétrico e energético do Peru, analisam-se oportunidades que viabilizem e priorizem ganhos de eciência econômica, num sentido amplo, na iluminação, para os Setores Residencial, Comercial e de Serviços. Também é analisado o comportamento do consumidor frente aos distintos tipos de sinais que determinam suas decisões de investimentos em tecnologias de iluminação e os padrões culturais que incidem em seu consumo. Adicionalmente, são analisados os distintos tipos de barreiras que existem contra as medidas da racionalização e se propõem soluções para superá-las. Como parte do estudo econômico, conclui-se que existem oportunidades de racionalização de energia ao ano horizonte de 2007 totalizando 419 GWh anuais, equivalentes a 115 MW de potência instalada. Este potencial pode-se constituir numa alternativa para a Turbina a Gás de 104 MW, atualmente proposta, com custo de investimento aproximado de 55 milhões de dólares para o ano horizonte. O conjunto de propostas apresenta um custo estimado em US$ 7 milhões anuais, produzindo economias avaliadas em US$ 26 milhões anuais. Reconhece-se que para o atingimento destes níveis de racionalização no uso da energia, tem-se que vencer uma série de barreiras institucionais, legais e culturais, entre outras que também são analisadas no presente estudo.International experiences have shown that the rational use of eletric energy for lighting presents a signicant savings potential without loss in the levels of ilumination. In this work a characterization of the lighting use in the metropolitan region of Lima and a study of its relation in the elelric and energy context of Penn are developed. The opportunities that enable and priorize eiciency gains for the ligthing use, in the residential, commercial, and service sectors are analysed. The consumer behaviour regarding the different aspects that determine decisions of investments in lighting teelmologies, and the cultural standard barriers that exist are also analysed. As apart ofthe economic analisys. this study nds out thatthere are opportunities of rational use of energy for the horizon year (2007) totalizing economies such as 419 GWh per year, equivalent to installed capacity of lI5 MW. This potential may he considered as an alternative to the I04 MW Gas Turbine considered for future implementation, with an aproximated cost of USS 55 million until the horizon year. The g-oup of actions represents an yaerly estimated cost of US$ 7 million, resulting in yearly savings evaluated at USS 26 million. In order to obtain the levels of use of energy proposed it is necessary to overcome institutional, legal, economic, and cultural barriers, also analysed in the work.
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Santos, Rafael Delapria Dias dos. "O uso da biomassa da cana-de-açúcar para cogeração e produção de energia elétrica: análise termodinâmica, termoeconômica e econômica: estudo de caso." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2014. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1797.
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-25Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This work has accomplished thermodynamic, thermoeconomic and economical analyses of the cogeneration of an industrial power plant in a sugar-alcohol factory. Four situations are analyzed. In the first case, the factory produces electricity for its own consumption (its plant is already amortized). In the second case, which is considered hypothetical, it was simulated a power plant consuming the same quantity of bagasse, however, with the purchase of a medium pressure turbine, generating 2 MW surplus for sale. The third case considers the use of all the bagasse that is produced during the harvest in order to generate electric power. It is observed the acquisition of a high pressure cauldron and an extraction-condensation turbine. In this simulation, it is obtained 29 MW of electricity surplus. At last, the fourth case considers a high pressure cauldron, an extraction-condensation turbine and a counter pressure turbine in order to generate electric power, producing approximately 35, 2 MW surplus, facing the quantity of bagasse currently produced. However, in this simulation, only the bagasse from the harvest was used, remaining some quantity for sale after the harvest. Facing the facts, it is possible to implement a thermal power station, however, as noted, the existing risk is associated to the lack of policy capable to stimulate the sale of electric power via alternative sources of energy.
Esta pesquisa realizou análises termodinâmicas, termoeconômicas e econômicas do sistema de cogeração de uma planta industrial em uma usina do setor sucroalcooleiro. São analisadas quatro situações. O primeiro caso produz eletricidade somente para o consumo próprio (com sua planta já amortizada). O segundo caso é hipotético nele foi simulado uma planta consumindo a mesma quantidade de bagaço, porém, com a compra de uma turbina de média pressão, gerando 2 MW excedentes para venda. O terceiro caso considera que todo o bagaço produzido seja utilizado durante o período de safra para geração de energia elétrica, observa-se que foi adquirida uma caldeira de alta pressão e uma turbina de extração-condensação, nesta simulação obtém-se 29 MW de eletricidade excedente, por fim, o quarto caso, considera uma caldeira de alta pressão, uma turbina de extração-condensação e uma de contrapressão para geração de energia elétrica, neste caso produz-se aproximadamente 35,2 MW excedente, diante da quantidade de bagaço produzida atualmente, contudo nesta simulação utilizou-se o bagaço durante o período de safra, havendo ainda a sobra de bagaço para venda pós-safra. Diante disso, foi observado que é viável a implantação de uma termelétrica, porém, como denotado o risco existente está associado à falta de uma política capaz de incentivar a venda de energia elétrica por fontes de energia alternativa.
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Rothe, Andrea Kerstin [Verfasser], Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Banse, Scott [Gutachter] McDonald, and Harald [Gutachter] Grethe. "Impact of the Exit from Nuclear and Fossil-fuel Energy on the German Economy : A General Equilibrium Analysis with Special Emphasis on Agriculture and Electricity / Andrea Kerstin Rothe ; Gutachter: Scott McDonald, Harald Grethe ; Betreuer: Martin Banse." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1162339691/34.
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Rothe, Andrea Kerstin Verfasser], Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] [Banse, Scott [Gutachter] McDonald, and Harald [Gutachter] Grethe. "Impact of the Exit from Nuclear and Fossil-fuel Energy on the German Economy : A General Equilibrium Analysis with Special Emphasis on Agriculture and Electricity / Andrea Kerstin Rothe ; Gutachter: Scott McDonald, Harald Grethe ; Betreuer: Martin Banse." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1162339691/34.
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Holmberg, Rurik. "Survival of the Unfit : Path Dependence and the Estonian Oil Shale Industry." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Linköping University, Department of Technology and Social Change, 2008. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2008/arts427s.pdf.
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Magalhães, Gerusa de Souza Cortes. "Comercialização de energia elétrica no ambiente de contratação livre: Uma análise regulatório-institucional a partir dos contratos de compra e venda de energia elétrica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-09062011-152105/.
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O presente trabalho apresenta a análise dos Contratos de Compra e Venda de Energia Elétrica (CCVEE), principal instrumento que materializa a comercialização de energia elétrica no Ambiente de Contratação Livre (ACL), a partir das lições da Nova Economia Institucional (NEI), notadamente a abordagem da Economia dos Custos de Transação e dos Contratos Incompletos. Desde a abertura da Indústria de Energia Elétrica Brasileira (IEEB) à livre comercialização na década de 1990, as transações e os agentes que atuam neste mercado vêm crescendo significativamente, consolidando suas transações de compra e venda de energia elétrica prioritariamente por meio de CCVEE. Ocorre que tais instrumentos sofrem os reflexos da evolução da regulação da IEEB e também estão sujeitos à ocorrência de eventos não previstos à época de sua formatação. No processo de renegociação, adaptação ou discussão de tais CCVEE, os agentes incorrem em diversos custos de transação. Assim, a partir desta abordagem, este trabalho visa avaliar a qualidade dos CCVEE, considerando seus atributos, contradições e perspectivas de evolução.This paper presents the analysis of Contracts for Purchase and Sale of Electricity (Contratos de Compra e Venda de Energia Elétrica CCVEE), the main instrument that embodies the sale of electricity in the Free Contracting Ambiance (FCA). Such analysis was based on lessons extracted from the New Institutional Economics (NIS), mainly the approach focused on the Economy of Transaction Costs and Incomplete Contracts. Since the opening of the Brazilian Electric Power Industry (Indústria de Energia Elétrica Brasileira IEEB) to free trade in the 1990s, transactions and agents operating in this market have grown significantly, consolidating their business of purchasing and sale of electricity primarily through CCVEE. However, these instruments suffer the consequences of the evolution of IEEB regulation and are also subject to the occurrence of unanticipated events at the time of their formatting. In the process of renegotiation, adaptation or discussion of such CCVEE, agents deal with various transaction costs. Thus, from this approach, this study aims to evaluate the quality of the CCVEE, considering their attributes, contradictions and perspectives of evolution.
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Souza, Filho Antonio Alves. "Gestão eficiente de água e energia em prédios públicos: estudo de caso da Escola Superior de Sargentos." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/24853.
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No mundo corporativo o aumento da lucratividade permeia por ações efetivas em relação à prevenção e a redução de desperdícios. Em 2016 os dados da Empresa de Pesquisa Energética - EPE mostraram que o setor público apresentou taxa de crescimento do consumo de energia elétrica de 2,3% ao ano em média em 20 anos, sendo equivalente a taxa da indústria, porém sem que o setor público realize a manufatura de qualquer produto e, acima, ainda, dos setores Residencial e Agropecuário no mesmo período, exacerbando a questão sobre a eficiência na gestão dos recursos financeiros no setor público e levando a questionar qual o nível de desperdício existente. O presente trabalho objetivou analisar tecnologias como meio para tornar prédios públicos utilizados pela Polícia Militar do Estado de São Paulo - PMESP mais sustentáveis, direcionada a entregar os resultados com melhor eficiência nos consumos de água e energia, minimizando desperdícios, utilizando-se a metodologia qualitativa com um estudo de caso, revisão bibliográfica e aplicação de pesquisa estruturada, de modo a compreender quais as barreiras e alavancas para a implantação de tecnologias ambientais em prédios públicos no Estado de São Paulo, mantendo suas atividades rotineiras, com gestão mais eficiente, direcionada nos consumos de energia e de água. A Escola Superior de Sargentos – ESSgt, situada na Avenida Condessa Elizabeth de Robiano, 750, São Paulo-SP, foi selecionada para este estudo de caso, visto ter sido pioneira na certificação ambiental e de qualidade, propiciando um ambiente de maior aderência a este estudo e no estabelecimento de padrões com diretrizes para licitação das tecnologias, difundindo a outros edifícios públicos. Referente aos ganhos ambientais, concluiu-se que a eficiência energética e o uso mais eficiente do recurso hídrico observados podem assegurar retorno econômico e ecoeficiente.
In a corporate world the increase in profitability permeates by effective actions in relation to the prevention and reduction of waste. In 2016 the Energy Research Company (Empresa de Pesquisa Energética) - EPE data showed that the public sector presented an average energy consumption annual growth rate of 2.3% per year in 20 years, being equivalent to the industry rate, but without the public sector realizing the manufacture of any product and, above, still, the residential and agricultural sectors in the same period, intensifying the issue of efficiency in the management of financial resources in the public sector and leading to question the level of waste. The objective of this study is based on analyze technologies as a means to make public buildings used by the São Paulo Military Police Corporation - PMESP more sustainable, aimed at delivering the results with better efficiency in the consumption of water and energy, minimizing waste, using qualitative methodology with some case study, bibliographical review and structured research application, in order to understand the barriers and lever for the implantation of environmental technologies in public buildings in São Paulo State , maintaining its routine activities, with management more efficiency, focused on energy and water consumptions. The Senior Sergeant School - ESSgt (Escola Superior de Sargentos), located at 750, Condessa Elizabeth de Robiano Avenue, São Paulo-SP, in Brazil, was elected for this case study in particular, because it was a pioneer in environmental and quality certification, providing an environment of greater adherence to this study and the establishment of standards with guidelines for the bidding of the technologies, spreading to other public buildings. Regarding the environmental gains, it was concluded that the energy efficiency and the more efficient use of the water resource observed, can ensure economic and eco-efficient return.
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Innocent, Morgane. "La valeur pour le consommateur d'une pratique de maîtrise de consommation : le cas de l'électricité." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0118/document.
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La thèse a pour objet de comprendre le sens que le consommateur donne à ses actes quand il pratique la maîtrise de sa consommation électrique (MCE), au sein de son foyer. La valeur produite par les différentes activités relevant de la MCE, comme, par exemple, éteindre les appareils en veille, constitue un reflet du sens que le consommateur attribue à cette pratique. Nous nous sommes, dans un premier temps, interrogés sur la nature des sources de valorisation et de dévalorisation qui émergent de la MCE. Nous avons identifié vingt-cinq sources qui sont autant d’appréciations ou de dépréciations de la MCE pour le consommateur. Nous avons ensuite cherché à déterminer comment ces sources sont structurées et nous avons pu déterminer que, dans l’esprit du consommateur, la valeur de la MCE se caractérise selon sept composantes. Quatre sont des composantes de valorisation (environnementale et citoyenne, de gestion du foyer, du bien-être eudémonique et des bénéfices secondaires) et trois sont des composantes de dévalorisation (expérientielle, sociale et associée au manque de connaissance). Nous avons ensuite cherché à comprendre comment la valeur de la MCE émerge de la pratique et quel peut être le rôle des différentes composantes (de valorisation et de dévalorisation) dans la formation de la valeur pour le consommateur et dans la conduite de son action. Nous avons pu confirmer que plus un individu réalise des gestes de MCE, plus il apprécie cette pratique via les composantes de valorisation et moins il la déprécie via les composantes de dévalorisation. Nous avons aussi constaté que le sens de la pratique évolue et s’enrichit quand elle s’intensifie. Deux leviers principaux se distinguent : la valorisation de la MCE au travers de ses conséquences sur la gestion du foyer et le bien-être de type eudémonique qui est retiré de cette pratique par l’individu. Le premier possède une influence très forte sur l’évaluation de la MCE par les consommateurs, et le second, dès lors qu’un individu pratique réellement la MCE, conduit les individus à poursuivre dans cette voieThis thesis aims to understand the meaning that the consumer ascribes to his acts when one practises electricity consumption control (ECC) inside the dwelling. The value perceived by consumers associated with the various ECC’s activities, as, for example, to switch off devices in sleep mode, constitute a reflection of the meaning the consumer confers to this practice.We wondered, at first, about the nature of the sources of valuation and depreciation which emerge from the ECC. We identified twenty five sources which are so many appreciations or depreciations of the ECC for the consumer. Then, we tried to determine how these sources are structured and we were able to determine that, for consumers, the value of the ECC is characterized by seven components. Four of them are components of appreciation (environmental and citizen, of household management, the eudemonistic well-being and secondary profits). The three other are components of depreciation (experiential, social and associated with a lack of knowledge).Subsequently, we tried to understand how the value of the ECC emerges from the practice itself. We, also, wondered about the role of the various components (of appreciation and depreciation) in the ECC valuation for the consumer and in the conduct of action. We were able to confirm that the more an individual realizes ECC’s gestures, the more he appreciates this practice via the components of appreciation and the less he depreciates it via the components of depreciation. We also noticed that the meaning of the practice evolves and expands when practice becomes intensified. Two main levers set apart: the appreciation of ECC through its consequences on the household management and the eudemonistic wellbeing which is removed from this practice by the individual. The first one has a very strong influence on the evaluation of ECC by the consumers, and the second, once an individual really practises ECC, drives him to continue along this path
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Khumalo, Simphiwe Aloysius. "Infrastructure financing in a developing economy : addressing the electricity supply deficit in Swaziland." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/23695.
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In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management in Finance & Investment Management.This study examines the relationship between electricity infrastructure finance and the economic growth of Swaziland in an attempt to determine the extent to which electricity infrastructure contributes to economic growth. The study also examines what factors determine the level electricity infrastructure finance in Swaziland, and the extent of the influence of these factors. This study hopes to add to the body of literature focused on scrutinising the infrastructure investment challenges in the low-income countries of the African region, and the discovery of innovative financing mechanisms that will bring the region to a favourable position where it can supply reliable energy that promotes the prosperity of its people. Using annual data, trend analysis and OLS regression techniques are applied to determine the extent of the relationship between electricity infrastructure investment and economic growth, as well as the economic and regulatory factors expected to influence the level of infrastructure investment, as suggested by literature. The level of electricity infrastructure investment is found to be positively correlated with economic growth and the macroeconomic stability of Swaziland. However, little to no correlation is found between the level of electricity infrastructure investment, and government revenue, stock market capitalization, and credit extended to the government and parastatals. Regulatory quality is found to be negatively correlated to electricity infrastructure investment.
GR2018
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Martin, Charles Francis James. "TINKER, TORY, WOBBLER, WHY? : the political economy of electricity restructuring in Ontario, 1995-2003." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/663.
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The Ontario Tories' 42-year hegemony in government (1943-1985) was wrought through clever policies which often utilized Crown institutions to promote prosperity or to oblige or mollify vying interests. Ousted in 1985, though, they used their time in opposition to revise the Tory doctrine. In the 1995 election, the Tories emerged a tougher, more truculent group quite unlike their predecessors. Campaigning on their Common Sense Revolution (CSR) platform, they promised to eliminate red tape and vowed to obliterate all ostensible economic barriers which were impeding commerce in the province. In the CSR, the Tories identified Ontario Hydro (OH), the province's lauded publicly-owned power monopoly, as a troublesome and inefficient Crown entity which required fundamental reform. Portions of OH, they hinted, would likely be sold. Once elected, the Tories worked hurriedly to demolish OH and destroy public power in Ontario.
For nearly 100 years, OH proved a pivotal component within the province's political economy for its provision of affordable, reliable power and its function as a policy tool to incite and direct development. A Tory government fought to instigate public power in the early 1900s and, in the late 1900s, a Tory government was fighting vigorously to rescind it. Why would they now renounce Crown power?
It is the intent of this thesis to elucidate the Tory government's involvement in the transformation of Ontario's electricity industry from 1995 to 2003. Distinguishing electricity as a special, strategic staple, this thesis uses a pro-state, pro-staples industry political economy approach to discern how and why the Tory government sought to restructure the electricity sector. Essentially, it posits that the onslaught of neoliberalism, the emergence of novel generating technology, and the faltering of OH's nuclear wing all had a huge part to play in provoking the Tory government to initiate its reforms. Their reforms, though, proved too hasty, haughty, and fraught with ambiguity to work properly. While their open, competitive power market and attempts to privatize Hydro One failed horribly, the Tories' energy re-regulation strategy did hold promise to allow the state to retain a prominent role in the power industry.Thesis (Ph.D, Political Studies) -- Queen's University, 2007-08-27 23:05:37.549
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Chen, Tzu-Yen, and 陳姿燕. "The Impact of Hiking Prices both Oil and Electricity on Macro Economy in Taiwan─Hybrid Model of Interaction, Mediating Effect and Moderating Effect." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qxe78k.
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碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
財富與稅務管理系
102
A procedure is the Taiwan administration has imposed raising oil and electricity prices policy during April 1st to Dec 10th 2012. Before then, the domestic oil and electricity prices was unable to be adjusted with fuel cost and oil price in world market change, so caused heavy loss to related government-owned business. The rigidity resulted in significant funds and financial gap. To compensate the gap, the administration initiated a raising oil and electricity prices. The new approach, without supporting measures, caused widespread discontent. This dissertation took the prices of oil and electricity in Taiwan as subject of study, and the period of this study was from 1st quarter in 2000 to 4th quarter in 2012. The first step was using variable of oil price in world market, fuel cost, domestic CPI, domestic WPI, currency interest, unemployment rate, and real GDP constituted the Structural Equation Modeling with foundation model and competition model. Then, using Asymptotically Distribution-Free to do the confirmatory analysis comparing model goodness-of-fit between two empirical models. We choose competition model as the based model. The outcome data reveal that crude oil price in world market and fuel cost will positively affect domestic oil and electricity prices. Furthermore, domestic CPI and WPI could be influenced by crude oil price in world market and fuel cost with negative relationship and indirectly. But those models find no substantial relationship between crude oil price in world market, fuel cost and domestic unemployment rate, currency interest and real GDP. Finally the data show that crude oil price in world market and fuel cost will directly affect domestic CPI, WPI, unemployment rate and real GDP (no need getting through domestic oil and electricity prices) with negative relationship.