Relevant bibliographies by topics / Electricity shortage – South Africa

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Academic literature on the topic 'Electricity shortage – South Africa'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Electricity shortage – South Africa"

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Mzini, Loraine, and Tshombe Lukamba-Muhiya. "An assessment of electricity supply and demand at Emfuleni Local Municipality." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 25, no. 3 (September 23, 2014): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2014/v25i3a2654.

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Globally, electricity has become a modern tool to supply energy to households. This study investigates the supply and demand of household electricity and sustainability of distribution centres at Emfuleni Local Municipality (ELM). South Africa follows a vigorous programme of electrification, spearheaded by Eskom. Eskom is a South African state-owned power company which strives to meet the country’s increasing demand for energy. Resi-dential energy demand is growing as population levels rise and the number of households in ELM increases. Recently (2008–2010) in South Africa there have been unprecedented levels of load shedding nationally and there is a shortage of centres to purchase electricity. Furthermore, households do not receive uninterrupted electricity on a daily basis, largely because of stolen electrical cables and illegal connections. Low-income residents of Evaton, ELM, were interviewed. Empirical surveys were conducted and a theoretical exposition drawn up to meet the objectives of the study. It was found that electricity supply and demand in ELM is adequate but there is a shortage of selling points in Evaton and there are barriers towards the effectiveness of electricity consumption. In addition, public awareness programmes must continue to educate the communities to avoid stealing the electrical cables. Illegal connection must be reported to the local councillors for them to make sure that this activity is stopped in Evaton.
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Issock Issock, Paul Blaise, Mercy Mpinganjira, and Helen Duh. "Segmenting and Profiling South African Households’ Electricity Conservation Behavior." Social Marketing Quarterly 23, no. 3 (May 28, 2017): 249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524500417712188.

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In the last decade, South Africa has frequently experienced electricity shortages. Conserving electricity is a sustainable means by which households can contribute to mitigating the problem. The main electricity supplier, Eskom, partners with the South African government to promote electricity conservation, particularly in households. For effective tailoring of promotional messages, market segmentation is needed. This study uses cluster analysis to segment and identify segment sizes and types of electricity conservation behaviors in South African households. It also profiles the segments according to sociodemographic characteristics and some economic and psychological drivers of conservation behaviors. We surveyed 629 electricity consumers in the Gauteng province of South Africa. Four segments were identified: devoted conservers (18%), unconcerned nonconservers (28.7%), curtailment-oriented conservers (29.3%), and efficiency-oriented consumers (24%). The article proposes germane strategies to be tailored by social marketers and policy makers to reach each of these segments.
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Gonese, Dorcas, Dumisani Hompashe, and Kin Sibanda. "The impact of electricity prices on sectoral output in South Africa from 1994 to 2015." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 10, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 198–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-12-2017-0305.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of electricity prices on sectoral output in South Africa from 1994 to 2015 and also econometrically examine the impact of electricity prices on output at sectoral levels over the same period. The paper also put forth a policy proposal that brings together electricity end-users, suppliers and government regulators with the goal of conveying an effective outcome that withstands output growth without necessarily compromising social and developmental objectives.Design/methodology/approachLocal sources of data were utilised in applying panel data analysis. The paper utilised the data from South Africa Reserve Bank and Quantec South Africa. The Hausman test indicated that the fixed effect estimator is the appropriate estimator for this paper. Robust estimators (such as Driscoll Kraay (SCC), feasible generalised least of squares, least square dummy variables and seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) were employed for consistent and efficient inferences. The study also utilised the SUR regression to analyse the impact of electricity prices on output at a sectoral level.FindingsThe fixed effect estimator results of this paper indicate that electricity prices have a negative impact on sectoral output. Again, the SUR estimator shows that the sectoral output disparately responds to electricity prices change in South Africa over the period 1994–2015.Thus, six out of eight sectors significantly and negatively respond to electricity prices change in South Africa. The mining and the construction sectors seem not to be affected by electricity prices changes unlike agriculture, manufacturing, government services, transport and communication finance and trade.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the research has attained its aims, there were some inevitable limitations. For instance, unlike the time series and cross-sectional data, the panel data were tardily assembled, since the researchers had to gather data for specific variables for each and every selected individual sector. However, this did not compromise the research findings since the panel data from both developed and developing countries are available from sources such as Easy data Quantec.Practical implicationsThe results of the study show that electricity price is a limiting factor to the sectoral production growth in South Africa. Therefore, any conservation policies regarding energy or electricity should be implemented with caution. Indeed, the government should implement policies that increase energy and electricity supply in the country. Thus, the government should set affordable prices of electricity that benefits both the power and economic sector output. In addition, the electricity regulators should set prices that do not damage output across economic sectors in South Africa. Again, the government should continue supporting the imposition of subsidies on the economic sectors that are more sensitive to electricity price. To this end, the study provides a policy proposal (in line with the South African National Development Plan and the climatic change strategies) that connects electricity producers, government electricity regulators, consumers and the society with the goal of conveying an effective outcome that withstands output growth without necessarily compromising social and developmental objectives.Social implicationsCost-reflective electricity prices may be a burden to end users but this will assist in the maintenance and expansion of the power industry to get rid of electricity supply and demand imbalances which may escalate electricity prices in future. Indeed, the electricity end users including the society should pay a price that improves generation capacity to avoid power shortages since the lack of energy (electricity) contributes to poverty and deprivation and can contribute to economic decline. In this regard, the government should work hard to reduce the public resistance towards the cost-reflective electricity prices strategy; there is a need to keep the electricity end users informed on the economic impacts of such strategies in order for them to make informed choices.Originality/valueThis paper utilised the panel data for sectoral analysis. Again, the study aimed to provide policymakers with more information on the behaviour of different sectors with regards to electricity price changes, and hence assisting regulators and policymakers in future decisions on electricity price changes in relation to output at sectoral levels. Better knowledge of the link between electricity prices and the real sector output should permit better regulatory decisions to facilitate economic efficiency. Furthermore, it helps the government to identify sectors in need of power subsidies to enhance economic development.
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Asemota, Godwin Norense Osarumwense. "A Prediction Model of Future Electricity Pricing in Namibia." Advanced Materials Research 824 (September 2013): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.824.93.

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The shortage of local electricity generation capacity coupled with increasing reliance on South Africa, from which it imports about forty-eight (48%) percent of its electricity, and another five (5%) percent from Zambia, Zimbabwe and other short term energy markets constitute the major shortcomings of electricity industry in Namibia.Therefore, price stability and volatility indices of electricity can directly impact on the developmental imperatives of any nation. This is so because the quality, quantity and pricing of electricity available to the citizenry have become the common denominators for measuring the standards of living of any commune, like Namibia. Extensive literature searchand review, and about 127 yielded questionnaires out of the 300 administered questionnaires; were used to gather data for the study. The yielded survey data were subsequently subjected to statistical analyses using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 11.5) to develop a sigmoid plot for predicting the future electricity pricing model for Namibia employing first order differential equations. The results show that the generalisedlogistic equation model for the future pricing of electricity consumed in Namibia, increased by about 13.52% per year. Upon substituting the available 1995 electricity pricing data into the logistic equation model, it was possible to predict the future electricity price for 2010, with about 1.8% error. It can be seen that the developed logistic model fit is only viable for about fifteen (15) years. It is suggested that, better estimates can be obtained if the median electricity price for either 2002 or 2003 is used as the initial electricity price, to obtain more credible electricity prices with longertime ranges, for Namibia.
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Nko, Macdonald, S. P. Daniel Chowdhury, and Olawale Popoola. "Application Assessment of Pumped Storage and Lithium-Ion Batteries on Electricity Supply Grid." Energies 12, no. 15 (July 24, 2019): 2855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12152855.

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National electricity supply utility in South Africa (Eskom) has been facing challenges to meet load demands in the country. The lack of generation equipment maintenance, increasing load demand and lack of new generation stations has left the country with a shortage of electricity supply that leads to load shedding. As a result, alternative renewable energy is required to supplement the national grid. Photovoltaic (PV) solar generation and wind farms are leading in this regard. Sunlight fluctuates throughout the day, thereby causing irradiation which in turn causes the output of the PV plant to become unstable and unreliable. As a result, storage facilities are required to mitigate challenges that come with the integration of PV into the grid or the use of PV independently, off the grid. The same storage system can also be used to supplement the power supply at night time when there is no sunlight and/or during peak hours when the demand is high. Although storage facilities are already in existence, it is important to research their range, applications, highlight new technologies and identify the best economical solution based on present and future plans. The study investigated an improved economic and technical storage system for generation of clean energy systems using solar/PV plants as the base to supplement the grid. In addition, the research aims to provide utilities with the information required for making storage facilities available with an emphasis on capital cost, implementation, operation and maintenance costs. The study solution is expected to be economical and technically proficient in terms of PV output stabilization and provision of extra capacity during peak times. The research technology’s focus includes different storage batteries, pumped storage and other forms of storage such as supercapacitors. The analysis or simulations were carried out using current analytic methods and software, such as HOMER Pro®. The end results provide the power utility in South Africa and abroad with options for energy storage facilities that could stabilise output demand, increase generation capacity and provide backup power. Consumers would have access to power most of the time, thereby reducing generation constraints and eventually the monthly cost of electricity due to renewable energies’ accessibility. Increased access to electricity will contribute to socio-economic development in the country. The proposed solution is environmentally friendly and would alleviate the present crisis of load shedding due to the imbalance of high demand to lower generations.
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Lekhanya, Lawrence M., and Roger B. Mason. "Selected Key External Factors Influencing the Success of Rural Small and Medium Enterprises in South Africa." Journal of Enterprising Culture 22, no. 03 (September 2014): 331–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495814500149.

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Small businesses are critical to improving economic development in rural areas of South Africa. However, rural entrepreneurs are still faced with challenges and problems which make the success of small businesses, especially in rural areas, uncertain. This paper investigates business environmental, financial and infrastructural factors that influence the success or otherwise of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in rural areas. Primary data was collected in five rural areas of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) from a sample of 374 business owners/managers, with respondents completing a questionnaire. Access to finance and skills shortages were the factors that most significantly differentiated between more successful and less successful rural businesses in KZN. The majority of respondents indicated that poor roads/transport and access to electricity were major problems.
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van der Waldt, Gerrit, David Fourie, Johan Jordaan, and Margaret Chitiga-Mabugu. "Skills profile of technical staff in the south African local government sector: an empirical survey." Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, no. 1 (February 27, 2018): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(1).2018.17.

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The purpose of this article is to reflect on the findings of a local government sector-wide technical skills audit. A mixed-method research design was followed in both a positivist and interpretivist scientific paradigm to conduct the survey in local, district and metropolitan municipalities. Quantitative and qualitative data were processed and thematic analyses were done per respondent and participant category to obtain rich descriptions of current technical skills challenges and skills development priorities in local government. From the empirical survey it is evident that significant technical skills shortages exist, especially in rural district and local municipalities. This severely compromises the delivery of the four basic technical services, namely water provisioning, waste management, sanitation and sewerage, and electricity.
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Lee, Nick. "South Africa tackles medical manpower shortage." Lancet 346, no. 8982 (October 1995): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(95)91757-8.

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De Villiers, J. W. L. "Electricity supply in South Africa." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 5, no. 1 (March 17, 1986): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v5i1.970.

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ESCOM, at present providing for some 95% of the electricity demand, has grown from a relatively small undertaking with a total installed capacity of less than 30 MW(e) in 1922 and a capital expenditure of R15 million during the period 1923 -1930, to a gigantic undertaking with a fixed-asset value of nearly R16 billion in 1984, a staff complement of more than 60 000 and an income of over R3 billion p.a. With an estimated capital-expansion programme of between 4 and 5 billion rand p.a., ESCOM is the largest single borrower on the local capital market and it exercises a strong influence on the economy.
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Sunkel, Charlene, and Marthé Viljoen. "Shortage of psychiatric medications in South Africa." Lancet Psychiatry 4, no. 1 (January 2017): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30422-9.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electricity shortage – South Africa"

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Darby, Rene. "The development of a decision-making matrix to address the South African power crisis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4921.

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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research report discusses the development of a decision-making matrix during power crises. South Africa comes from a situation of excess supply and is currently in a situation where electricity demand exceeds supply. This report will provide the background of how the current electricity crisis came to be and what the future of the industry will look like. As electricity shortages is a worldwide issue, the study will explore international countries' experience of supply shortages and extract lessons learnt and best practices that can be applied in the South African context. The study reviews available solutions that exist to address the electricity crisis in South Africa and explores alternative energy sources that could be applied in South Africa. To establish an effective decision making tool for electricity shortage response mechanisms, the key decision making criteria are discussed and explained. A decision making matrix brings together all the available solutions and decision-making criteria based on the decision maker's relative importance placed on the considerations and the resultant impact on these considerations. The results of the decision-making matrix directs the decision maker to the least negative impact solution and provides a basis on which to make sound decisions during a time when quick and effective decisions will determine the success and sustainability of the power system.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsingsverslag bespreek die ontwikkeling van 'n besluitnemingsmodel wat aangewend kan word tydens kritiese tekorte in elekrisiteitsvoorsiening op 'n nasionale basis. Die elektrisiteits- ontwikkelingsvermoë in Suid-Afrika het beweeg vanaf 'n oorskot na 'n posisie waar daar nie in die aanvraag voorsien kan word nie. Hierdie navorsingsverslag skets die agtergrond van wat aanleiding gegee het tot die huidige elektrisiteitskrisis en wat die toekoms inhou vir elektrisiteitsvoorsiening in die algemeen. Die gebrek aan elektrisiteitsontwikkelingsvermoë is 'n wêreldwye tendens en die lesse wat ander lande geleer het tesame met hul beste praktyke word oorweeg binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks. Beskikbare oplossings wat op die manier geidentifiseer word, word ontleed, tesame met moontlike alternatiewe energiebronne wat in Suid-Afrika aangewend kan word. Die kern besluitnemingskriteria word bespreek en ontleed om sodoende 'n proses daar te stel waarvolgens die besluitnemingsmodel wat die mees effektiewe oplossing in tye van kritiese elektirsiteitstekorte sal voortbring te ontwikkel. Al die beskikbare en werkbare opsies tydens die periode van elektristeitstekorte word saamgevoeg binne die besluitnemingsmodel om die toepaslikheid daarvan op te weeg teenoor die relatiewe gewig wat die besluitnemer toeken aan al die onderliggende faktore. Die besluitnemingsmodel ondersteun die besluitnemer om, tydens 'n krisis in elektrisiteitsvoersiening, 'n vinnige en doeltreffende besluit te neem wat die minste negatiewe impak het op ekonomiese aktiwiteite en die sukses en stabiliteit van die elektrisiteitsvoorsieningsnetwerk waarborg.
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Vanqa, Inga Bongo. "The effects of the labour skills shortage in the construction industry." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021125.

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Purpose of this treatise: The aim of this research is to determine, if the skilled labour shortage has had any impact on how construction projects are executed. If there is an impact the study aims to determine the nature and extent of the problem. Design/methodology/approach: A review of related literature was conducted, mainly to ensure that existing research is not replicated, in order to generate new ideas. The quantitative research approach was applied for this research. The questionnaire was designed so that scores can be easily summed in order to obtain an overall measure of the attitudes and opinions of the respondents. Findings: The results revealed that the skilled labour shortage has a negative effect on how construction projects are executed. The results further revealed that the biggest concern amongst employers and management of construction companies was the negative impact the shortage of skilled labour has on the levels of workmanship. Research limitations: The sample (construction companies) is mostly situated in the Gauteng province of South Africa. Practical implications: The research is of importance to managers and supervisors of construction companies of all sizes. The findings of this study will assist in ensuring that projects are efficiently managed irrespective of the current skills crisis in the construction industry.
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Makawa-Mbewe, Patrick. "Rationalisation of electricity pricing in South Africa's electricity distribution industry." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51893.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African Electricity Distribution Industry is riddled with tariffs. Every utility in South Africa probably uses some method for allocating cost, whether it is theoretically founded or not. There are currently over 2000 different tariffs in South Africa and the need for rationalisation has been widely recognised and acknowledged. Many of these tariffs have not been the outflow of accepted methodologies but rather a function of individual utility policy and practices. There is however a dire need to standardise such methodologies in the future. A standardised methodology might be the only way to eventually rationalise the thousands of tariffs that exist in the electricity industry. Government has emphasised the importance of tariffs to be cost reflective in the future. The only possible way to reach this objective would be to determine clear and concise methods of allocating cost that can be utilised by the entire industry. This study project describes a standardised methodology for determining the cost to supply different customer categories in an electricity distributor. The methodology offers enough flexibility not to bind any party into laboursome, complex and time consuming costing activities. It does however require that the costs of a distributor are carefully investigated and all functions performed in the utility are isolated. This is referred to as ringfencing of costs.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse Elektrisiteitverspreidingsbedryf het veelvuldige tariewe. Elke utiliteit in Suid-Afrika gebruik waarskynlik 'n metode vir kostetoedeling, wat nie noodwendig teoreties gebaseer is nie. Huidiglik is daar meer as 2000 verskillende tariewe in Suid-Afrika en dit word alom besef en erken dat gronde vir rasionalisering bestaan. Baie van die tariewe het nie ontstaan uit die gebruik van aanvaarbare berekeningsmetodes nie, maar was eerder die gevolg van individuele beleid en praktyke van utiliteite. Daar is 'n dringende behoefte om hierdie berekeningsmetodes in die toekoms te standardiseer. 'n Standaard metode mag die enigste manier wees om uiteindelik die duisende tariewe wat in die elektrisiteitsbedryf bestaan te rasionaliseer. Die regering het die belangrikheid dat tariewe in die toekoms koste reflekterend moet wees benadruk. Die enigste moontlike manier om hierdie doelwit te bereik, is om helder en duidelike metodes vir koste toedeling te bepaal vir gebruik deur die hele bedryf. Hierdie verhandeling beskryf 'n standaard metodologie om die koste te bepaal om verskillende klantegroepe in 'n elektrisiteitsverspreider van krag te voorsien. Die metodologie bied voldoende plooibaarheid om geen party aan arbeidintensiewe, kompleks en tydrowende kostebepalings te verbind nie. Dit vereis egter dat die koste van 'n verspreider noukeurig ondersoek word en dat alle funksies wat verrig word uitgelig word. Hierna word verwys as afbakening van kostes.
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Wassung, Natalie. "Water scarcity and electricity generation in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18158.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa has a mean annual precipitation far lower than the global average. This is a fundamental constraint to development, especially when the country has already run out of surplus water and dilution capacity. To add further pressure, Southern Africa’s water resources are expected to decrease as a result of climate change. Despite the potential devastation, the country’s response to climate change has been limited. South Africa’s energy sector is dominated by coal power stations and is the country’s primary emitter of carbon dioxide. Given the significantly higher water usage of coal-fired power plants compared to that of most renewable energy power plants, the transition to a clean energy infrastructure might be more successfully motivated by water scarcity than by the promise of reduced carbon emissions. This article analyses more critically the impact of coal-fired electricity generation on South Africa’s water resources, by estimating a water-use figure that extends backwards from the power plant to include water used during extraction of the coal. This figure can then be compared to the water usage of alternative electricity generation options. It is then possible to estimate how much water could be saved by substituting these alternatives in place of additional coal-fired plants.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika se gemiddelde jaarlikse neerslag is baie laer as die wêreldwye gemiddelde. Dit plaas ’n wesenlike beperking op ontwikkeling, veral aangesien die land se surplus water- en verdunningskapasiteit reeds uitgeput is. Om die saak verder te vererger, word verwag dat Suidelike Afrika se waterbronne gaan kleiner word as gevolg van klimaatsverandering. Ten spyte van die potensiële ramp, was die land se reaksie op klimaatsverandering tot dusver baie beperk. Steenkoolkragstasies, wat Suid-Afrika se energiesektor oorheers, is die land se primêre bron van koolstofdioksieduitlating. Gegewe die beduidend hoër waterverbruik van steenkoolkragstasies teenoor dié van die meeste kragstasies wat met hernubare energie werk, kan die verandering na ’n skoonenergie-infrastruktuur meer suksesvol gemotiveer word deur waterskaarste as deur die belofte van verminderde koolstofuitlatings. Hierdie artikel analiseer die impak van steenkoolgedrewe elektrisiteitsopwekking op Suid-Afrika se waterbronne meer krities deur te beraam hoeveel water verbruik word van die kragstasie terug tot by die ontginning van die steenkool. Hierdie syfer kan dan vergelyk word met die waterverbruik van alternatiewe kragopwekkingsopsies. Dit is dan moontlik om te beraam hoeveel water gespaar kan word deur hierdie alternatiewe op te rig in plaas van bykomende steenkoolkragstasies.
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Jordaan, CJ, and A. Bezuidenhout. "Constraints leading to the shortage of skilled motor mechanics in South Africa." Tshwane University of Technology, 2014. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001154.

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In a research study, which focused on a strategy to link informal and formal motor mechanic artisan training, a number of constraints leading to the shortage of artisans in general were identified in the literature. Disparities between big businesses and the informal sector were highlighted. Emphasis was placed on the need for a growth initiative, which would include the informal practising motor mechanic, to address the key constraints and obstacles encountered in the development and implementation of artisan training for South Africa. The study was explorative and a qualitative research design followed. The researcher used semi-structured interviews to collect data from 16 (n = 16) experts in the field of training automotive artisans. A purposive snowball sampling method was applied to select participants from educational sectors (public and private FET colleges), automotive organisations and organised labour with the common characteristic of involvement in the training of motor mechanic artisans. The key themes identified in the different participants’ responses formed the data for the study, which was analysed by means of the ATLAS.ti 7.0 version data analysis program. The research confirmed that a strategy could be developed to successfully link the informal and formal motor mechanic artisan communities.
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Luke, Richard. "Compressed air storage for electricity generation in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9629.

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Bibliography: p. 173-182.
The objective of this dissertation was to investigate compressed air energy storage as an alternative generation capacity for the South African electricity industry. In chapter one, an introduction to energy storage, electrical energy storage was introduced as an alternative generation option. Various energy storage technologies were discussed with their characteristics and applications. Compressed air energy storage was identified as a competitive energy storage option to pumped hydro in particular, and a suitable contender for the South African electricity market. In chapter two, the literature review, an in-depth study into compressed air energy storage was conducted. Many aspects of CAES were covered including CAES variants, underground pressurised air storage, projects and pre-feasibility studies, and operational plants. Due to the additional fuelling that certain CAES variants require, a Charge Energy Factor and a Fuel Heat Rate were defined. From the literature review it was seen that to date, only two CAES plants are still in operation. They are both of the conventional CAES type and use fuel-oil or alternatively natural gas for combustion In chapter three, an analysis of Eskom's demand, Eskom's future demand growth was analysed. A prediction in load growth, based on several economic scenarios, was made and the capacity of a suitable CAES plant, to meet this future demand, was determined. Chapter four, underground air storage reservoirs, focused on the aspects and prospects of storing compressed air underground in South Africa. Past underground air storage in South Africa was discussed and unused goldmines were identified as the most convenient and cost effective storage volumes available. The uniqueness of individual underground air storage volumes in mines were discussed as well as techniques necessary for the conversion of existing cavities. Both constant volume and constant pressure systems were investigated and mine cavern conversion costs where estimated per electric energy generated (R/kWh). Two of the most likely CAES turbo-machinery configurations suitable for South Africa were evaluated in chapter five, conceptual designs and cost analysis. The two types of CAES were conventional CAES and CAES with pressurised fluidised bed combustors (CAESIPFBC). Available plant was discussed and future generating capacities of individual CAES turbo-machinery trains were predicted. Costs per kW for CAES plants, excluding the cavern, were estimated through the escalation of costs from other plants and sources.
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Banda, Azel. "Electricity production from sugar industries in Africa : a case of South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6983.

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Bibliography: leaves 65-70.
Low access to electricity is a problem in Africa. Apart from South Africa and Mauritius access to electricity generally falls below 30% of the population. The situation is even worse in the rural areas which housed about 70% or more of the population and whose access to modern energy services in these areas is between 5%-10%. Hence, this work aims at providing means of increasing access to electricity for the larger portion of the continent. This work looked at the potential of using bagasse, a waste from sugar production, to produce electricity beyond the sugar factory to the national grid. It shows that bagasse generated electricity can contribute to increasing this access in Africa as a whole by as much as 9.4 TWh, using Condensing Extraction Steam Turbines. However, this increase varies among countries with the highest being Swaziland, 67%, and the lowest South Africa, 1.5%, due to the current capacity. The actualization of this technical potential, however, can only come about with proper application of relevant policies and measures that need to be in place for Africa in general and South Africa in particular as more detailed work was done on the latter. Due to limitation in scope, this work did not cover the social, financial and agronomic aspects and neither was optimization of sugar considered in evaluating electricity from bagasse.
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Ndlovu, Vanessa Constance. "The impact of electricity on economic growth in South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019787.

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Since 1994, with many of its sanctions lifted, South Africa became a stronger economic power house in Africa leading the continent‘s industrial output and mineral production and generating a large proportion of Africa‘s electricity. The South African economy has since been growing at a fast pace which has also led to an increase in the demand for electricity. South Africa‘s generating capacity has remained constant through a consistently increasing demand, leading to an electricity shortfall. An immediate threat to South Africa‘s continued economic growth is a capacity constraint in terms of energy supply. Increasing economic growth coupled with the rapid industrialisation and mass electrification programme of the last decade, as well as planned and unplanned maintenance and coal stock pile problems led, in January 2008, to demand out stripping supply. With electricity being an important component of economic development, it is vital that the impact of the supply of electricity on the economic growth of the country be well understood. Currently few studies have been done on the analysis of this relationship in South Africa specifically and how this relationship impacts specific sectors of the economy that contributes to the total GDP of the country. This study has assumed rigorous application of Granger technique with proper statistical verification of assumptions, selection of relevant variables and provides trusted statistical forecasts. In an attempt to understand this relationship, an Econometric model has been developed to assess the impact of electricity supply and price on the economic growth of South Africa. In the empirical analysis section of this study it was found that with a forecast for GDP, past values of electricity prices and coal sales may be used to forecast electricity supply. It was also found that if we have a forecast value of future electricity price we can use past values of electricity supply and coal sales to forecast GDP for the next quarter. We also found that electricity supply is granger caused by GDP; electricity price; and total coal sales. And that economic growth is granger caused by electricity supply; electricity price; and total coal sales. It was concluded that in order for government to improve the economic growth of South Africa, a major focus on the energy industry is needed to ensure sustainable supply capacity. The energy sector, as was shown in the study, has a major impact in the functioning of the Gross Domestic Product of the country.
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Mavhungu, Justice. "The electricity poverty tariff in South Africa : possibilities and practicalities." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9724.

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The general objective of this thesis is to investigate what price system will result in a sustainable electrification programme, a viable EDI, fit into the regulation system and address issues of equity and poverty. Specific attention is paid to the proposals around poverty tariffs for low-income domestic users. This research examines the form, level and financial implications of poverty tariffs in South Africa. The following are the specific objective of the thesis: * To evaluate the current system of prices in South Africa * To investigate what poverty tariff structures are possible and * To investigate the financial implications of poverty tariff options and their sustainability.
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Rosin, Menachem Mendel. "Integrated resource plan for South Africa using electricity load profiles." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14625.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-135).
Integrated resource planning aims to fulfil electricity requirements with supply and demand resources. Least cost resources are optimised as supply expansions compete with measures to modify the load in meeting energy services. A demand side study is conducted to determine representative load profiles for electricity use within South Africa. Analysis of electricity consumption us in g load profiles of each sector ' s end-use electrical loads is essential for determining the appropriate supply technologies as well as the impact of demand side management and energy efficiency measures . A supply side study considers all existing and future power generation options required for expected electricity growth and system load characteristics. Energy model, TIMES, provides time-slices for adequate load profile representation TIMES is a Partial Dynamic Equilibrium Model as constraints are placed on the investment, usage and availability of technologies. All optimisations are for the least cost to the system. Demand and supply options are integrated into a single plan using the TIMES model and the supply expansion plan is changed when demand reduction targets are achieved using DSM and EE. The base case us in g a business-as-usual approach is compared with a low and medium impact DSM and EE scenario. Demand resources are estimated from the industrial, commercial and residential economic sectors. The scope of the plan is 22 years and there is full utilisation of all existing supply capacity with small amounts of decommissioning. Mothballed power stations are recommissioned initially. Peak-load plants are needed from 2007 and OCGT are selected using natural gas or LNG. Intermediate-load capacity is needed by 2011 using CCGT. Base-load capacity demands are met using new coal PF power stations in 2014. FBC stations using discard coal begin operation in 2016. The capacity expansion plan anticipates 2. 93GW of OCGT, 2.5 GW of CCGT, 7. 2GW of coal PF, 2. 8 GW of FBC plants and 2 GW of pump storage stations to be in use by 2020. Imported hydroelectric capacity of0.9 G W and PBMR capacity of3 GW is expected to be commissioned by 2024. Approximately 4 % less installed capacity is needed when a medium impact DSM and EE strategy is implemented. The marginal cost of energy gradually increases from 0. 06 R/kWh in 2002 to 0. 175 R/kWh in 2016 and to 0.325 R/kWh in 2024 as supply capacity is added. Compound load profiles from all national electricity usage provide an effective means whereby appropriate supply technologies are selected whilst incorporating load modifications due to DSM and EE.
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Books on the topic "Electricity shortage – South Africa"

1

Klees, Andreas. Electricity law in South Africa. Cape Town: Juta, 2014.

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Galen, Paul S. Electricity distribution industry restructuring, electrification and competition in South Africa. Golden, Co. (1617 Cole Blvd., Golden 80401-3393): National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1997.

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P, Mukheibir, Mwakasonda Stanford, Garg Amit, Halsnæs Kirsten, United Nations Environment Programme, and UNEP Risoe Centre on Energy, Climate, and Sustainable Development., eds. Electricity supply options, sustainable development, and climate change priorities: Case studies for South Africa. New Delhi: Magnum Custom Pub., 2007.

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McRae, Ian. The test of leadership: 50 years in the electricity supply industry of South Africa. Muldersdrift, South Africa: EE Publishers, 2006.

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Africa, South. White paper on the report and recommendations of the Commission of Inquiry into the Supply of Electricity in the Republic of South Africa. [Pretoria: Govt. Printer, 1985.

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Amin, Amal-Lee. The power of networks: Renewable electricity in India and South Africa. 2000.

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ESCOM: A leadership corporate profile. [Cape Town: Churchill Murray Publications, 1986.

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Goliger, Angelika, and Aalia Cassim. Household tipping points in the face of rising electricity tariffs in South Africa. UNU-WIDER, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2018/475-9.

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Goliger, Angelika, and Landon McMillan. The tipping point: The impact of rising electricity tariffs on large firms in South Africa. UNU-WIDER, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2018/474-2.

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Arndt, Channing, Rob Davies, Sherwin Gabriel, Konstantin Makrelov, Bruno Merven, Faaiqa Salie, and James Thurlow. An integrated approach to modelling energy policy in South Africa: Evaluating carbon taxes and electricity import restrictions. UNU-WIDER, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2014/856-8.

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Book chapters on the topic "Electricity shortage – South Africa"

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Kambule, Njabulo, and Nnamdi Nwulu. "Prepaid Electricity Meters and Energy Poverty—Lessons from South Africa." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 55–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71217-4_4.

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Baker, Lucy. "Sustainability Transitions and the Politics of Electricity Planning in South Africa." In Hexagon Series on Human and Environmental Security and Peace, 793–809. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43884-9_37.

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Monyo, Emmanuel S., Essegbemon Akpo, Chris O. Ojiewo, and Rajeev K. Varshney. "A Cross-Case Analysis of Innovation Platform Experiences in Seven Countries in West and East Africa and South Asia." In Enhancing Smallholder Farmers' Access to Seed of Improved Legume Varieties Through Multi-stakeholder Platforms, 185–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8014-7_13.

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AbstractThe Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) funded Tropical Legumes (TL III) project was implemented in seven sub-Saharan Africa countries (Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Uganda) and South Asia (India). Shortage of seed of improved varieties has been identified as the greatest hindrance to farmer adoption of new agricultural technologies developed through this project. This chapter compares the different approaches followed by different countries in the establishment of Multi-Stakeholder Platforms (MSPs) for supply of improved legume seed to farmers. Achievements from this initiative are mixed and multi-dimensional. The details herein provide the reader with insights on the level of success of innovation platforms in the different countries and implications for agricultural technology dissemination to smallholder farmers. Key achievements include strengthened linkages among various legume seed value chain actors, participation of several cadres of seed producers in a decentralized system resulting into significant increase in the production of certified and quality declared seed of legumes, and rapid adoption and use of newly released varieties by smallholder farmers. As for those areas where the initiative did not produce the desired results, it is a testament that unless a well thought-out inclusive and comprehensive approach which defines the critical roles of each player in the value chain is developed, current seed shortages will continue, eroding emerging market opportunities and good intentions of development partners. The reader is directed to individual chapters for details of the process followed by each country/crop in the establishment of MSPs, their composition, key achievements, challenges, and lessons for overall improvement of the national legume seed systems.
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Hosseini, Seyed Vahid, Ali Izadi, Seyed Hossein Madani, Yong Chen, and Mahmoud Chizari. "Design Procedure of a Hybrid Renewable Power Generation System." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 155–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63916-7_20.

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AbstractElectrification of small communities in districted off-grid area remains as a challenge for power generation industries. In the current study, various aspects of design of a standalone renewable power plant are examined and implemented in a case study of a rural area in Cape Town, South Africa. Estimating required electricity based on local demand profile, investment, operability, and maintenance costs of different generation technologies are studied in order to investigate their potential in an off-grid clean energy generation system. Several configurations of hybridization of solar system, wind, and micro gas turbine in combination with a battery are investigated. The Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) and number of days with more than 3 h black out are compared.
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"South Africa." In 2015 Electricity Profiles, 186. UN, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/6ef35301-en.

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"South Africa." In Energy Balances and Electricity Profiles 2006, 366–69. UN, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/cba9ad26-en-fr.

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"South Africa." In Energy Balances and Electricity Profiles 2006, 617. UN, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/3fe6572c-en-fr.

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"South Africa." In Energy Balances and Electricity Profiles (Ser. W), 280–81. UN, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/4872af43-en.

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"South Africa." In Energy Balances and Electricity Profiles (Ser. W), 655. UN, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/fcd92683-en-fr.

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"South Africa." In Energy Balances and Electricity Profiles (Ser. W), 187. UN, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/b2dd07c6-en.

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Conference papers on the topic "Electricity shortage – South Africa"

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"The Effect of Electricity Shortages on South African SMEs." In Dignified Researchers Publication. Dignified Researchers Publication (DiRPUB), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/dirpub.ea0716013.

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Alexander, P. M., H. H. Lotriet, and M. C. Matthee. "Methodological challenges in e-skills shortage research in South Africa." In the 2009 Annual Research Conference of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1632149.1632153.

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Denton, David, and Irwin Brown. "The shortage of skilled storage professionals in South Africa and coping strategies employed." In the 2010 Annual Research Conference of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1899503.1899545.

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Roy-Aikins, Joseph. "Challenges in Meeting the Electricity Needs of South Africa." In ASME 2016 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2016-59085.

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The state-owned power utility, Eskom, generates about ninety five percent of the electricity produced in South Africa. Plans by the government of South Africa in the mid-nineteen nineties to restructure the electricity industry in the country prevented Eskom from embarking on capacity expansion activities when it was necessary. Load growth, as a result of economic growth and a national electrification programme, caused an erosion of the electricity reserve margin, which was quite massive in the early nineties. The large reserve margin then caused Eskom to reduce operating capacity by mothballing some generating plants and putting them in reserve storage. The current situation is that the reserve margin has dropped to about 17,4 percent and a capacity expansion programme is underway. Though the apparent reserve margin is within the desired range, plant unavailability has diminished the reserve margin in real terms and this does not leave Eskom with much room for planned maintenance and a buffer to manage unplanned maintenance, the result being that plant incidents and technical problems cannot easily be absorbed within the power system to avoid interruption of supply. Also, the new environmental legislation does not help the situation, as it has the potential to shut down generating plants that do not meet the new emissions standard. In addition, there have been problems with the New Build Programme that caused a delay, of over three years, in the delivery of new power, and to compound the problem the Energy Regulator refused recently Eskom’s application for additional tariff increase, which was requested to enable the company provide the finances to cover the shortfall in funding for operational expenses and the New Build Programme. As such, Eskom faces many challenges in meeting its obligation to South Africa, and interventions are in place to manage the situation. In the short term, the key to generation sustainability is improved plant health, brought about by on-time maintenance and correctly-scoped and no-slip outages. This paper presents an overview of the power situation in South Africa, explaining where the country has come from, the plan for long term security of supply, and the challenges faced by Eskom from the generation supply side in meeting the demand load in the short term. Trends in the performance indices indicative of plant health are examined and it is argued that executing planned plant maintenance will improve plant health and, hence, plant availability, which can bring about a turnaround in the short term power supply situation, as Eskom awaits new capacity from the New Build Programme.
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Tuson, P. "Willing-seller/willing-buyer model in South Africa." In 20th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2009). IET, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2009.0783.

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Longe, O. M., L. Myeni, and K. Ouahada. "Renewable Energy Solution for Electricity Access in Rural South Africa." In 2019 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isc246665.2019.9071693.

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Inglesi, Roula, and James N. Blignaut. "Electricity Intensities of the OECD and South Africa: A Comparison." In World Renewable Energy Congress – Sweden, 8–13 May, 2011, Linköping, Sweden. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp11057960.

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Van Harte, M. A., C. T. Gaunt, and C. Carter-Brown. "Introducing reliability based distribution network planning in South Africa." In 18th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2005). IEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:20051297.

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Matshinyatsimbi, Murendeni, William Yuill, S. Chowdhury, and S. P. Chowdhury. "Role of nuclear energy in the electricity supply of South Africa." In 2011 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2011.6039910.

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Buraimoh, Elutunji, Abayomi A. Adebiyi, Oladimeji J. Ayamolowo, and Innocent E. Davidson. "South Africa Electricity Supply System: The Past, Present and The Future." In 2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/powerafrica49420.2020.9219923.

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Reports on the topic "Electricity shortage – South Africa"

1

Jack, B. Kelsey, and Grant Smith. Charging Ahead: Prepaid Electricity Metering in South Africa. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22895.

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Galen, P. S. Electricity distribution industry restructuring, electrification, and competition in South Africa. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/515547.

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