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Journal articles on the topic 'Electricity shortage – South Africa'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Mzini, Loraine, and Tshombe Lukamba-Muhiya. "An assessment of electricity supply and demand at Emfuleni Local Municipality." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 25, no. 3 (September 23, 2014): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2014/v25i3a2654.

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Globally, electricity has become a modern tool to supply energy to households. This study investigates the supply and demand of household electricity and sustainability of distribution centres at Emfuleni Local Municipality (ELM). South Africa follows a vigorous programme of electrification, spearheaded by Eskom. Eskom is a South African state-owned power company which strives to meet the country’s increasing demand for energy. Resi-dential energy demand is growing as population levels rise and the number of households in ELM increases. Recently (2008–2010) in South Africa there have been unprecedented levels of load shedding nationally and there is a shortage of centres to purchase electricity. Furthermore, households do not receive uninterrupted electricity on a daily basis, largely because of stolen electrical cables and illegal connections. Low-income residents of Evaton, ELM, were interviewed. Empirical surveys were conducted and a theoretical exposition drawn up to meet the objectives of the study. It was found that electricity supply and demand in ELM is adequate but there is a shortage of selling points in Evaton and there are barriers towards the effectiveness of electricity consumption. In addition, public awareness programmes must continue to educate the communities to avoid stealing the electrical cables. Illegal connection must be reported to the local councillors for them to make sure that this activity is stopped in Evaton.

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Issock Issock, Paul Blaise, Mercy Mpinganjira, and Helen Duh. "Segmenting and Profiling South African Households’ Electricity Conservation Behavior." Social Marketing Quarterly 23, no. 3 (May 28, 2017): 249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524500417712188.

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In the last decade, South Africa has frequently experienced electricity shortages. Conserving electricity is a sustainable means by which households can contribute to mitigating the problem. The main electricity supplier, Eskom, partners with the South African government to promote electricity conservation, particularly in households. For effective tailoring of promotional messages, market segmentation is needed. This study uses cluster analysis to segment and identify segment sizes and types of electricity conservation behaviors in South African households. It also profiles the segments according to sociodemographic characteristics and some economic and psychological drivers of conservation behaviors. We surveyed 629 electricity consumers in the Gauteng province of South Africa. Four segments were identified: devoted conservers (18%), unconcerned nonconservers (28.7%), curtailment-oriented conservers (29.3%), and efficiency-oriented consumers (24%). The article proposes germane strategies to be tailored by social marketers and policy makers to reach each of these segments.

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3

Gonese, Dorcas, Dumisani Hompashe, and Kin Sibanda. "The impact of electricity prices on sectoral output in South Africa from 1994 to 2015." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 10, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 198–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-12-2017-0305.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of electricity prices on sectoral output in South Africa from 1994 to 2015 and also econometrically examine the impact of electricity prices on output at sectoral levels over the same period. The paper also put forth a policy proposal that brings together electricity end-users, suppliers and government regulators with the goal of conveying an effective outcome that withstands output growth without necessarily compromising social and developmental objectives.Design/methodology/approachLocal sources of data were utilised in applying panel data analysis. The paper utilised the data from South Africa Reserve Bank and Quantec South Africa. The Hausman test indicated that the fixed effect estimator is the appropriate estimator for this paper. Robust estimators (such as Driscoll Kraay (SCC), feasible generalised least of squares, least square dummy variables and seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) were employed for consistent and efficient inferences. The study also utilised the SUR regression to analyse the impact of electricity prices on output at a sectoral level.FindingsThe fixed effect estimator results of this paper indicate that electricity prices have a negative impact on sectoral output. Again, the SUR estimator shows that the sectoral output disparately responds to electricity prices change in South Africa over the period 1994–2015.Thus, six out of eight sectors significantly and negatively respond to electricity prices change in South Africa. The mining and the construction sectors seem not to be affected by electricity prices changes unlike agriculture, manufacturing, government services, transport and communication finance and trade.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the research has attained its aims, there were some inevitable limitations. For instance, unlike the time series and cross-sectional data, the panel data were tardily assembled, since the researchers had to gather data for specific variables for each and every selected individual sector. However, this did not compromise the research findings since the panel data from both developed and developing countries are available from sources such as Easy data Quantec.Practical implicationsThe results of the study show that electricity price is a limiting factor to the sectoral production growth in South Africa. Therefore, any conservation policies regarding energy or electricity should be implemented with caution. Indeed, the government should implement policies that increase energy and electricity supply in the country. Thus, the government should set affordable prices of electricity that benefits both the power and economic sector output. In addition, the electricity regulators should set prices that do not damage output across economic sectors in South Africa. Again, the government should continue supporting the imposition of subsidies on the economic sectors that are more sensitive to electricity price. To this end, the study provides a policy proposal (in line with the South African National Development Plan and the climatic change strategies) that connects electricity producers, government electricity regulators, consumers and the society with the goal of conveying an effective outcome that withstands output growth without necessarily compromising social and developmental objectives.Social implicationsCost-reflective electricity prices may be a burden to end users but this will assist in the maintenance and expansion of the power industry to get rid of electricity supply and demand imbalances which may escalate electricity prices in future. Indeed, the electricity end users including the society should pay a price that improves generation capacity to avoid power shortages since the lack of energy (electricity) contributes to poverty and deprivation and can contribute to economic decline. In this regard, the government should work hard to reduce the public resistance towards the cost-reflective electricity prices strategy; there is a need to keep the electricity end users informed on the economic impacts of such strategies in order for them to make informed choices.Originality/valueThis paper utilised the panel data for sectoral analysis. Again, the study aimed to provide policymakers with more information on the behaviour of different sectors with regards to electricity price changes, and hence assisting regulators and policymakers in future decisions on electricity price changes in relation to output at sectoral levels. Better knowledge of the link between electricity prices and the real sector output should permit better regulatory decisions to facilitate economic efficiency. Furthermore, it helps the government to identify sectors in need of power subsidies to enhance economic development.

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4

Asemota, Godwin Norense Osarumwense. "A Prediction Model of Future Electricity Pricing in Namibia." Advanced Materials Research 824 (September 2013): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.824.93.

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The shortage of local electricity generation capacity coupled with increasing reliance on South Africa, from which it imports about forty-eight (48%) percent of its electricity, and another five (5%) percent from Zambia, Zimbabwe and other short term energy markets constitute the major shortcomings of electricity industry in Namibia.Therefore, price stability and volatility indices of electricity can directly impact on the developmental imperatives of any nation. This is so because the quality, quantity and pricing of electricity available to the citizenry have become the common denominators for measuring the standards of living of any commune, like Namibia. Extensive literature searchand review, and about 127 yielded questionnaires out of the 300 administered questionnaires; were used to gather data for the study. The yielded survey data were subsequently subjected to statistical analyses using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 11.5) to develop a sigmoid plot for predicting the future electricity pricing model for Namibia employing first order differential equations. The results show that the generalisedlogistic equation model for the future pricing of electricity consumed in Namibia, increased by about 13.52% per year. Upon substituting the available 1995 electricity pricing data into the logistic equation model, it was possible to predict the future electricity price for 2010, with about 1.8% error. It can be seen that the developed logistic model fit is only viable for about fifteen (15) years. It is suggested that, better estimates can be obtained if the median electricity price for either 2002 or 2003 is used as the initial electricity price, to obtain more credible electricity prices with longertime ranges, for Namibia.

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5

Nko, Macdonald, S. P. Daniel Chowdhury, and Olawale Popoola. "Application Assessment of Pumped Storage and Lithium-Ion Batteries on Electricity Supply Grid." Energies 12, no. 15 (July 24, 2019): 2855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12152855.

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National electricity supply utility in South Africa (Eskom) has been facing challenges to meet load demands in the country. The lack of generation equipment maintenance, increasing load demand and lack of new generation stations has left the country with a shortage of electricity supply that leads to load shedding. As a result, alternative renewable energy is required to supplement the national grid. Photovoltaic (PV) solar generation and wind farms are leading in this regard. Sunlight fluctuates throughout the day, thereby causing irradiation which in turn causes the output of the PV plant to become unstable and unreliable. As a result, storage facilities are required to mitigate challenges that come with the integration of PV into the grid or the use of PV independently, off the grid. The same storage system can also be used to supplement the power supply at night time when there is no sunlight and/or during peak hours when the demand is high. Although storage facilities are already in existence, it is important to research their range, applications, highlight new technologies and identify the best economical solution based on present and future plans. The study investigated an improved economic and technical storage system for generation of clean energy systems using solar/PV plants as the base to supplement the grid. In addition, the research aims to provide utilities with the information required for making storage facilities available with an emphasis on capital cost, implementation, operation and maintenance costs. The study solution is expected to be economical and technically proficient in terms of PV output stabilization and provision of extra capacity during peak times. The research technology’s focus includes different storage batteries, pumped storage and other forms of storage such as supercapacitors. The analysis or simulations were carried out using current analytic methods and software, such as HOMER Pro®. The end results provide the power utility in South Africa and abroad with options for energy storage facilities that could stabilise output demand, increase generation capacity and provide backup power. Consumers would have access to power most of the time, thereby reducing generation constraints and eventually the monthly cost of electricity due to renewable energies’ accessibility. Increased access to electricity will contribute to socio-economic development in the country. The proposed solution is environmentally friendly and would alleviate the present crisis of load shedding due to the imbalance of high demand to lower generations.

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6

Lekhanya, Lawrence M., and Roger B. Mason. "Selected Key External Factors Influencing the Success of Rural Small and Medium Enterprises in South Africa." Journal of Enterprising Culture 22, no. 03 (September 2014): 331–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495814500149.

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Small businesses are critical to improving economic development in rural areas of South Africa. However, rural entrepreneurs are still faced with challenges and problems which make the success of small businesses, especially in rural areas, uncertain. This paper investigates business environmental, financial and infrastructural factors that influence the success or otherwise of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in rural areas. Primary data was collected in five rural areas of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) from a sample of 374 business owners/managers, with respondents completing a questionnaire. Access to finance and skills shortages were the factors that most significantly differentiated between more successful and less successful rural businesses in KZN. The majority of respondents indicated that poor roads/transport and access to electricity were major problems.

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7

van der Waldt, Gerrit, David Fourie, Johan Jordaan, and Margaret Chitiga-Mabugu. "Skills profile of technical staff in the south African local government sector: an empirical survey." Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, no. 1 (February 27, 2018): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(1).2018.17.

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The purpose of this article is to reflect on the findings of a local government sector-wide technical skills audit. A mixed-method research design was followed in both a positivist and interpretivist scientific paradigm to conduct the survey in local, district and metropolitan municipalities. Quantitative and qualitative data were processed and thematic analyses were done per respondent and participant category to obtain rich descriptions of current technical skills challenges and skills development priorities in local government. From the empirical survey it is evident that significant technical skills shortages exist, especially in rural district and local municipalities. This severely compromises the delivery of the four basic technical services, namely water provisioning, waste management, sanitation and sewerage, and electricity.

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8

Lee, Nick. "South Africa tackles medical manpower shortage." Lancet 346, no. 8982 (October 1995): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(95)91757-8.

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9

De Villiers, J. W. L. "Electricity supply in South Africa." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 5, no. 1 (March 17, 1986): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v5i1.970.

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ESCOM, at present providing for some 95% of the electricity demand, has grown from a relatively small undertaking with a total installed capacity of less than 30 MW(e) in 1922 and a capital expenditure of R15 million during the period 1923 -1930, to a gigantic undertaking with a fixed-asset value of nearly R16 billion in 1984, a staff complement of more than 60 000 and an income of over R3 billion p.a. With an estimated capital-expansion programme of between 4 and 5 billion rand p.a., ESCOM is the largest single borrower on the local capital market and it exercises a strong influence on the economy.

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10

Sunkel, Charlene, and Marthé Viljoen. "Shortage of psychiatric medications in South Africa." Lancet Psychiatry 4, no. 1 (January 2017): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30422-9.

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11

Spalding-Fecher, Randall, and David Khorommbi Matibe. "Electricity and externalities in South Africa." Energy Policy 31, no. 8 (June 2003): 721–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-4215(02)00123-4.

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12

Griffiths, Ieuan Ll. "Electricity, industry and class in South Africa." International Affairs 61, no. 4 (1985): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2617770.

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13

Goldberg, Melvin, and Renfrew Christie. "Electricity, Industry and Class in South Africa." International Journal of African Historical Studies 19, no. 1 (1986): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/218715.

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14

Todd, Edmund N., and Renfrew Christie. "Electricity, Industry and Class in South Africa." Technology and Culture 27, no. 2 (April 1986): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3105161.

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15

Muresan, Arina. "Eskom: Electricity and Technopolitics in South Africa." Politeia 35, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0256-8845/2363.

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16

Muller, Johan. "ESKOM: Electricity and Technopolitics in South Africa." Politikon 44, no. 3 (August 10, 2017): 466–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2017.1354998.

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17

Zhang, Sen Lin, Yan Ming Sun, Zhao Xia Jing, and Zheng Xin He. "Research on Transfer and Replacement Mechanism Design of Inter-Provincial Electricity Treatment in South China Electricity Market." Applied Mechanics and Materials 494-495 (February 2014): 1695–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.1695.

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In the context of south china electricity market, the concept of contract transfer and replacement deal is set forth in advance which is specialized in electricity treatment. Then, the feasibility of conducting an inter-provincial contract transfer and replacement is analyzed according to the aspects of physical characteristics, economics and policies within the china southern power grid. In addition, the advantage and disadvantage are also presented in terms of bilateral negotiation and centralized biding transaction modes. After that, the pricing mechanism and transaction mode are deliberately designed pertaining to three different situations including a party power shortage and a party "abandon water", a party power supply shortage and a party power surplus and a party power surplus and a party "abandon water". Finally, the realistic feasibility of the proposed schemes is verified through an employed numerical example.

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18

McDonald, David A. "Electricity and the Minerals-Energy Complex South Africa." Africa Review 3, no. 1 (January 2011): 65–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09744053.2011.10597305.

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19

Gupta, Rangan, Roula Inglesi-Lotz, and John W. Muteba Mwamba. "Electricity demand in South Africa: is it asymmetric?" OPEC Energy Review 41, no. 3 (September 2017): 226–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/opec.12103.

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20

Ziramba, Emmanuel. "The demand for residential electricity in South Africa." Energy Policy 36, no. 9 (September 2008): 3460–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.05.026.

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21

Theron, Paul, Anton Eberhard, and Charles Dingley. "Electricity provision in urban areas of South Africa." Urban Forum 2, no. 2 (June 1991): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03036676.

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22

Ye, Yuxiang, Steven F. Koch, and Jiangfeng Zhang. "Determinants of household electricity consumption in South Africa." Energy Economics 75 (September 2018): 120–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2018.08.005.

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23

Phiri, Andrew, and Bothwell Nyoni. "Re-Visting the Electricity-Growth Nexus in South Africa." Studies in Business and Economics 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sbe-2016-0009.

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AbstractThis research study contributes to the ever-expanding literature by examining multivariate cointegration and causality relationships between electricity consumption, economic growth and other growth determinants for quarterly South African data collected between 1994/Q1 – 2014/Q4. The motivation behind this current research case study becomes apparent when taking into consideration that no previous studies have gone further than bivariate and trivariate analysis in investigating the electricity-growth nexus in South Africa. In conducting our empirical investigation, our obtained empirical results are two-fold in nature. Firstly, we find significant multivariate long-run cointegration relationships between economic growth, electricity consumption and other growth determinants. Secondly, our empirical analysis offers support in favour of the neutrality hypothesis, that is, the notion of no causal effects existing between electricity consumption and economic growth in the long-run. However, we find that exports directly cause electricity consumption whereas economic growth, domestic investment and employment levels causally flow to exports.

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24

Mateus, Antonio Domingos, Chux Gervase Iwu, and Charles Allen-Ile. "Skills Shortage in South Africa: Perspectives from High School Educators." Anthropologist 18, no. 2 (September 2014): 491–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09720073.2014.11891567.

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25

Balkaran, Rishidaw, and Andrea Giampiccoli. "National Scarce Skills within the Professional Chefâ€™s Sector in South Africa." Journal of Education and Vocational Research 4, no. 7 (July 15, 2013): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jevr.v4i7.121.

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Since 1994, South Africa has witnessed an exceptional growth of the tourism sector. The hospitality sector is following a same positive trend however, there is not an appropriate growth of its human resources. South Africa, as many other countries, suffers a skills shortage of catering employees such as executive chefs and cooks. In addition, the historical context of South Africa has produced a specific skewed demographic picture of kitchen staff that now needs to be rebalanced. The skills shortage of kitchen staff could seriously affect the quality of service of the growing hospitality sector. This paper intends to investigate the context and problems related to kitchen staff shortages in South Africa. A literature review of factors such as low wages, unsociable and long hours will be outlined. Thereafter, the specific context of South Africa will be investigated. The specific history of the country has influenced also the hospitality (and kitchen staff) milieu, thus issues in the transformation of the sector will need to be put forward. The paper will conclude with some possible suggestion to decrease the skill shortage in kitchen staff in South Africa.

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26

Ahwireng-Obeng, F., and M. Thobela. "The feasibility of competitive electricity transmission in South Africa." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 9, no. 3 (June 5, 2014): 371–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v9i3.1094.

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The paper investigates whether competitive transmission of electricity is realisable in South Africa by adapting the Delphi research process to survey the opinions of expert panellists drawn from the relevant disciplines. The research propositions revolve around the roles that customers, generators and technology suppliers, among others, could play in providing competitive transmission services. Given that competition in electricity generation is generally accepted, the paper examines the extent to which sunk costs, fixed costs and scale economies are sufficient to block entry into the transmission services sector. The experts were unambiguously convinced that economies of scale in transmission were significant enough to block entry into the industry. Consequently, neither the successful introduction of competition in generation nor Eskom’s successful experiment in power transmission and telecommunications joint ventures provides sufficient grounds to believe that it is feasible to implement a competitive electricity transmission industry in South Africa.

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27

Akpeji, Kingsley O., Azeez O. Olasoji, CT Gaunt, David T. O. Oyedokun, Kehinde O. Awodele, and Komla A. Folly. "Economic impact of electricity supply interruptions in South Africa." SAIEE Africa Research Journal 111, no. 2 (June 2020): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/saiee.2020.9099495.

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28

Pouris, A. "The price elasticity of electricity demand in South Africa." Applied Economics 19, no. 9 (September 1987): 1269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036848700000073.

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29

Whittaker, J., and G. D. I. Barr. "The price elasticity of electricity demand in South Africa." Applied Economics 21, no. 9 (September 1989): 1153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/758520657.

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30

Ateba, Benedict Belobo, and Johannes Jurgens Prinsloo. "Strategic management for electricity supply sustainability in South Africa." Utilities Policy 56 (February 2019): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2018.10.010.

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31

Kohler, Marcel. "Differential electricity pricing and energy efficiency in South Africa." Energy 64 (January 2014): 524–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.11.047.

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32

Thopil, George Alex, and Anastassios Pouris. "Aggregation and internalisation of electricity externalities in South Africa." Energy 82 (March 2015): 501–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.01.059.

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33

An, J., and A. Mikhaylov. "Russian energy projects in South Africa." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 31, no. 3 (October 20, 2020): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2020/v31i3a7809.

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From early 2019, South Africa and Russia have planned to increase their energy trade. Russia can become one of the world’s five largest energy exporters. This study examines of the cost of a kilowatt of electricity generated by coal power projects in South Africa and compares nuclear electricity with other types of green energy. This method must help to improve the management decision-making process in South Africa for energy exporta. Reasons for this persistence include the marketing strategies of Russian companies for seeking new markets in industrialised and postindustrial countries where, due to intensive competition, sales of Russian high-tech products are often unsuccessful. Renewable energy gives a chance to potentially reduce poverty in South Africa. The study concludes that imported crude oil is more suited to the needs of the refining industry of South Africa. The consumption for this type of energy in areas not concerning industry is insignificant and its increase is unlikely to be observed in the future. Highlights• Nuclear energy is popular energy source in South Africa now.• Provision of sustainable energy services helps to find the sources for economic growth. • Renewable energy technologies have opportunity for reduce nuclear production in South Africa.• Bio-energy can become the main source of energy in South Africa.

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Jack, B. Kelsey, and Grant Smith. "Pay as You Go: Prepaid Metering and Electricity Expenditures in South Africa." American Economic Review 105, no. 5 (May 1, 2015): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20151096.

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High rates of customer default on utility bills present a barrier to the expansion of electricity access in the developing world. Pre-paid electricity metering offers a technological solution to ensuring timely payment. Using an eleven-year panel of pre-paid electricity customers in Cape Town, South Africa, we describe patterns of purchase behavior across property values, our measure of socioeconomic status. Poorer households buy electricity more often, in smaller increments, and are most likely to buy on payday. These patterns suggest difficulties smoothing income, and reveal a preference for small, frequent purchases that is incompatible with a standard monthly electricity billing cycle.

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35

Gauché, Paul, Theodor W. Von Backström, and Alan C. Brent. "A concentrating solar power value proposition for South Africa." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 24, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2013/v24i1a3122.

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Concentrating solar power (CSP) offers the potential for a high degree of localization and an alternative strategy to meet electricity demand for South Africa in a future of uncertain conventional resources. The integrated resource plan (IRP) makes strides to introduce renewables to the electricity generation system by 2030, but we argue that the proposed energy mix is too reliant on resources that are not only unsustainable but also at risk in the short to medium term. Coal and other conventional resources may be more limited than originally anticipated, which if true, requires action to be taken soon. CSP is currently the only sustainable and dispatchable energy technology that could domestically supply a significant portion of South Africa’s electricity needs. A balanced mix of PV, wind and CSP can provide the energy supply needed in South Africa, but steps are required soon to take advantage of the localization potential and excellent sustainable energy resources.

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O. Odeku, Kola, and Simbarashe R. Gundani. "Ensuring affordable electricity as a vital socio-economic right in South Africa." Problems and Perspectives in Management 15, no. 3 (December 4, 2017): 334–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.15(3-2).2017.03.

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This article examines the socio-economic impacts and effects of unlawful electricity tariff increase in South Africa. Access to electricity is a vital socio-economic right in South Africa because of its intrinsic role in the fulfilment of other social economic rights. The availability and accessibility of electricity guarantees the success of many businesses and the survival of many households, particularly the rural poor. Eskom, a governmental parastatal, generates, transmits and distributes electricity for the people, and charges for these services are rendered based on the tariff approved by the National Energy Regulator of South Africa (NERSA). Recently, NERSA decided to approve tariff increase requested by Eskom which was against the Electricity Regulation Act 4 of 2006 and the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 1996. This increase was contested and nullified in court. If this tariff increase had not been challenged in the court, it would have had a devastating impact on the well-being of the people, particularly the poor. Using literature relevant to socio-economic rights to modern energy, particularly electricity, this article accentuates that electricity is a basic socio-economic right in South Africa that must be accessible and affordable to all. It explains the importance of judicial intervention in ensuring that socio-economic rights are made available and accessible to the people. It points out that the court will not hesitate in using its judicial power to extend any opportunity which allows poor people to access and enjoy right to modern energy and electricity and other socio-economic rights in South Africa.

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37

Ogunbanjo, Gboyega. "Are there alternatives to the shortage of blood in South Africa?" South African Family Practice 56, no. 5 (September 3, 2014): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20786190.2014.1002985.

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Chikobvu, Delson, and Caston Sigauke. "Modelling influence of temperature on daily peak electricity demand in South Africa." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 24, no. 4 (November 1, 2013): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2013/v24i4a3147.

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The paper discusses the modelling of the influence of temperature on average daily electricity demand in South Africa using a piecewise linear regression model and the generalized extreme value theory approach for the period - 2000 to 2010. Empirical results show that electricity demand in South Africa is highly sensitive to cold temperatures. Extreme low average daily temperatures of the order of 8.20C are very rare in South Africa. They only occur about 8 times in a year and result in huge increases in electricity demand.

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Chikobvu, Delson, and Caston Sigauke. "Regression-SARIMA modelling of daily peak electricity demand in South Africa." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 23, no. 3 (August 1, 2012): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2012/v23i3a3169.

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In this paper, seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) and regression with SARIMA errors (regression-SARIMA) models are developed to predict daily peak electricity demand in South Africa using data for the period 1996 to 2009. The performance of the developed models is evaluated by comparing them with Winter’s triple exponential smoothing model. Empirical results from the study show that the SARIMA model produces more accurate short-term forecasts. The regression-SARIMA modelling framework captures important drivers of electricity demand. These results are important to decision makers, load forecasters and systems operators in load flow analysis and scheduling of electricity.

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Baker, Lucy, and Jon Phillips. "Tensions in the transition: The politics of electricity distribution in South Africa." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 37, no. 1 (June 11, 2018): 177–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654418778590.

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This paper argues that the distribution of electricity represents an important yet neglected aspect of the politics of energy transitions. In recent years, South Africa’s electricity sector has seen the introduction of new actors and technologies, including the ‘prosumer’ (producer–consumer) of electricity and small-scale embedded generation from roof-top solar photovoltaics. We analyse these recent developments in historical context and consider implications for contemporary planning, regulation and ownership of electricity. We find that the reconfiguration of electricity distribution faces significant political and economic challenges that are rooted in the country’s socio-economic and racial inequalities and its heavy dependence on coal-fired power. First small-scale embedded generation offers potential opportunities for affordable, decentralised, low-carbon energy, yet disruption to the coal-powered electric grid and the monopoly of South Africa’s electricity utility has been minimal to date. Second, small-scale embedded generation creates tensions between equitable and low-carbon energy transitions and threatens critical revenue from the country’s wealthy consumers that cross-subsidises electricity services for the poor and other municipal public services. Third, the South African experience queries common assumptions about the democratic potential of decentralised governance. Fourth, South Africa provides insights of global significance into how political institutions have responded to social and technological drivers of change, in a context where planning and regulation have followed rather than led infrastructural developments. While energy policy remains unresponsive or resistant to social and technological change, there remain significant political, economic, technical and regulatory challenges to a just and inclusive energy transition.

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Thom, Cecile. "Use of grid electricity by rural households in South Africa." Energy for Sustainable Development 4, no. 4 (December 2000): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0973-0826(08)60262-8.

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Inglesi-Lotz, R., and J. N. Blignaut. "Electricity intensities of the OECD and South Africa: A comparison." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16, no. 7 (September 2012): 4491–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.04.004.

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Adjei Kwakwa, Paul, and Frank Adusah-Poku. "Determinants of electricity consumption and energy intensity in South Africa." Green Finance 1, no. 4 (2019): 387–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/gf.2019.4.387.

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Gaunt, C. T. "Electricity distribution industry restructuring in South Africa: A case study." Energy Policy 36, no. 9 (September 2008): 3448–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.05.022.

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Adams, Samuel, Francis Atsu, Edem Mensah Klobodu, and Lamptey Richmond. "Electricity transmission, distribution losses and economic growth in South Africa." Heliyon 6, no. 11 (November 2020): e05564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05564.

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Monyei, C. G., K. E. H. Jenkins, S. Viriri, and A. O. Adewumi. "Policy discussion for sustainable integrated electricity expansion in South Africa." Energy Policy 120 (September 2018): 132–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.05.021.

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Inglesi, Roula. "Aggregate electricity demand in South Africa: Conditional forecasts to 2030." Applied Energy 87, no. 1 (January 2010): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.08.017.

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Inglesi-Lotz, Roula, and James Blignaut. "Estimating the price elasticity for demand for electricity by sector in South Africa." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 14, no. 4 (December 6, 2011): 449–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v14i4.134.

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This paper analyses electricity consumption patterns in South Africa in an attempt to understand and identify the roots of the current electricity crisis. This is done by investigating various economic sectors’ responses to price changes using panel data for the period 1993–2004. Positive and statistically significant price elasticities over this period were found for the transport (rail) and commercial sectors while there are positive, but small and statistically insignificant responses to price changes in the agriculture and mining sectors. Only the industrial sector responded to changes in electricity prices according to theory, namely illustrating negative demand elasticities. This sector, however, dominates electricity consumption resulting in aggregate demand elasticities that are negative. These results explain, in part, the current electricity crisis. Given the historic low level of electricity prices in conjunction with, on the whole, a real price decline, i.e. price increases lower than the inflation rate; there was no major incentive to reduce electricity consumption and/or to be efficient. This result supports the notion that prices do have an important signalling effect in the economy. Hence, the electricity prices should be considered not only from an economic growth or social vantage point, but also from a supply and technocratic perspective, which includes environmental factors such as CO2-emissions. Prices should not be determined without considering the system-wide implications thereof.

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Mutumbi, Uzziah, Gladman Thondhlana, and Sheunesu Ruwanza. "Reported Behavioural Patterns of Electricity Use among Low-Income Households in Makhanda, South Africa." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 7271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137271.

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Households consume up to 20% of overall electricity consumption globally; hence, they are important role players in efforts towards promoting sustainable consumption. Research on electricity use behaviour is important for informing intervention strategies; however, relative to developed countries, research on this subject is lacking in developing countries where electricity access is limited. In South Africa, electricity use behaviour among poor neighbourhoods remains little studied and understood. This study was carried out among low-income households in Makhanda, South Africa, characterised by high poverty and unemployment rates, low education levels, and limited access to basic services. Using a self-reporting approach, electricity use behaviour of low-income households was assessed against a list of common household electricity use actions. A survey of 297 households was conducted. The findings show mixed results, with households reporting both good electricity use behaviour (e.g., cooling down hot food before refrigeration and using washing machines on full load) and wasteful actions (e.g., leaving appliances on standby). Our results show that electricity use behaviour was influenced by socio-psychological values including universalism, benevolence, hedonism, and power. Some of the reported electricity behavioural patterns are consistent with those previously reported among high-income households. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.

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Kaunda, Chiyembekezo S., Cuthbert Z. Kimambo, and Torbjorn K. Nielsen. "Potential of Small-Scale Hydropower for Electricity Generation in Sub-Saharan Africa." ISRN Renewable Energy 2012 (August 28, 2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/132606.

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The importance of renewable energy such as small hydropower for sustainable power generation in relation to its capacity to contribute towards alleviating acute shortage of rural electricity supply in the sub-Saharan African region has been discussed. A relatively comprehensive small hydropower technology review has been presented. Rural electricity supply scenario in the region has been presented and, in general, the region has very low electricity access levels coupled with various challenges. Small hydropower technology has been discussed as one of the promising decentralised power generation system for rural electricity supply in the region. Despite challenges in data acquisition, this paper has shown that the SSA has significant hydropower resources, but the level of installation is very low. Challenges hampering SHP technology development in the region have been identified and discussed, such as those concerning technology, climate change, finance, and policy. This is basically a paper where the authors consulted a wide range of literature including journals, conference proceedings, and reports as well as expert knowledge in the area. It is hoped that this paper contributes to the information base on SHP technology which is quite lacking in the region.

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