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Journal articles on the topic 'Electricity welding'
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1
Kuleshkov, Yuriy, Timofey Rudenko, Mykhailo Krasota, and Ruslan Osin. "The Researching of Dynamic Electricity Distribution Along with the Renovation of Automobile Details by the Contact Covering Welding." National Interagency Scientific and Technical Collection of Works. Design, Production and Exploitation of Agricultural Machines, no. 50 (2020): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2414-3820.2020.50.173-181.
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The goal of completed research is determination of common factors of dynamic electricity distribution in the area of simple welding spot forming due to contact welding-on compact and powdered materials. Due to contact welding-on of compact (rod, belt) and powdered materials there is the dissimilarity of an electric field, which determines the unequal distribution of temperature field in the area of the moulded core creating and influence on the welded on covering quality. By the contact welding-on of compact materials, there is an occurrence of central core zone unheating, which is coming as a result of geometrical, temperature and magnetic-electric factors. During contact welding of metal powders, considering high speed of heating and a small-time of dynamic electricity passage through powder, it is possible to make a conclusion, that the stability of heat generation in a powder surface will be determined by starting electricity resistance value. High-quality plating can be reached if the powder charge will have low and stable electricity resistance in a cross-section and good compactness under the condition of low compress pressure, which is used for welding. (40 ... 70 MPa). Electrical field dissimilarity with contact welding-on powdered materials leads to unequal heating of powdered materials and covering defects, which is taking place due to the features of powder compression. As a result of current lines concoction in the central area is observed at a local temperature increase. Besides, interstices are dielectrical phase and increase electrical resistance in the peripheral areas. To increase the quality of coverings, got by contact welding-on is able due to providing high-quality powder material compression on the whole covering cut.
2
Jiang, Jin Yong, Wen Ping Chang, Shi Guo Du, Gui E. Lu, and Jia Qi Huang. "The Design for the Main Reaction System of a New Welding Material." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 416–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.416.
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Gunpowder composite welding rod is a new type of welding material, which can accomplish welding without electricity and gas. In this article, the effect regularities of two types of thermite on the energy densities of gunpowder composite welding rod have been obtained with thermodynamical equilibrium equations. These results are very useful for the design of the main reaction system of this welding material.
3
Dai, Wen Jin, and Xiang Jie Chen. "Signal Collection and Analysis on CO2 Arc Welding Based on DSP." Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (August 2010): 997–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.997.
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On the base for TMS320F2407DSDSP, it can collect the electricity signal from the CO2 arc welding, and pick–up the character parameters for the frequency distributing in the short circuit time and arc welding time. It realizes the real-time inspection by the way for analyzing the dynamic current and voltage, U-I graphic and the character parameter during the welding.
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Cai, Hu, Peng Zhang, and Yuan Xun Wang. "Prediction Control Method of Spot Welded Nugget Size Based on Finite Element Analysis of Thermo-Electricity Transient." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.151.
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Dual-phase steel is a type of sheet material newly developed to adapt to the lightweight and safety needs of vehicle. In this paper, 1.7 mm thick dual-phase steel DP600 was taken as the object of study, its resistance spot welding performance characteristics and welding mechanism was studied in detail. The thermoelectricity transient process of welding was simulated with the finite element software and the experiment under corresponding welding parameters. It’s found that, under proper current circumstances, the simulated nugget size and the experimental result is in good agreement except the large current, the simulated deformation morphology and experimental result can be consistent, which indicates the good accuracy of analysis on resistance spot welding mechanism of dual-phase steel DP600. According to the results, the specific method and theoretical basis about nugget size and welding deformation predictive control was discussed, created the mutual relations between the resistance spot welding performance characteristics and welding mechanism of dual-phase steel DP600. The study effort has practical significance in comprehensively understanding the resistances spot welding mechanism of dual-phase steel, as well as in application and quality control of duplex steel in automotive body welding.
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Nguyen, Tien Duong. "Study and Fabrication of Virtual TIG Welding Equipment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 842 (June 2016): 288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.842.288.
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The green technology is applied in training welders by using simulation equipment. The virtual tungsten inert gas welding (TIG welding) equipment permits of reducing the cost of welding practice training by saving on materials, electricity. It does not cause the environmental pollution. It is not harmful to welding learners. This paper studies on the permissible range of technological and technical parameters of TIG welding process. This is basis to develop the software in order to evaluate learners on virtual TIG welding equipment. These are foundations to manufacture the virtual TIG welding equipment. This equipment allows welding learners to practice the basic operations and skills as on real TIG welding machine, including the techniques of striking the arc, restarting the arc, maintenance of arc length, controlling of torch angle, filler rod angle, the operations of torch move, filler rod move,... with different welds and different positions
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Wang, Zhong Tang, Shi Hong Zhang, Guang Xia Qi, and Rong Hui Chang. "Tailor-Welded Blanks Manufactured and Stamping Properties of Magnesium Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 148-149 (October 2010): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.148-149.241.
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Magnesium alloy tailor-welded blanks(MTWBs) of AZ31 and AZ80 sheet had been manufactured by gas tungsten arc welded(GTAW), which the thickness were 0.8mm. The welding properties of Magnesium alloy sheet had been analyzed, and the technology parameters of GTAW were determined by experiment study, which was that welding thread being Φ2.0mm, welding electricity 50A, welding voltage 9V, welding rate 12—13cm/min. The research results presented that the grain in welded seam was isometric crystal, and the grains were branching crystal in heat-affected zone (HAZ). For MTWBs of AZ31and AZ80 sheet which the thickness was 0.8mm, the forming parameters were that the forming temperature of AZ31 being 190-220°C, and forming temperature of AZ80 being 310°C-350°C, and the temperature of tools is 180°C~200°C.
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Oikawa, Masashi, Kentaro Atsumi, Yosuke Otsuka, and Naoki Kawada. "Development of Condition Monitoring System for Electric Resistance Spot Welding Used to Manufacture Railway Car Bodies." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 33, no. 2 (April 20, 2021): 421–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2021.p0421.
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Stainless steel railway car bodies are assembled by joining the outer plates and the pillar materials using resistance spot welding. In recent years, more and more car bodies are being assembled using laser welding in addition to the resistance spot welding. For this laser welding system, we developed a condition monitoring system considering the processes before and after laser welding as a single system, and obtained and put into practical use an appropriate condition that suppresses spatter generation during laser welding. On the other hand, in resistance spot welding, the current, weld time, electrode load, and electrode tip shape are the main factors that determine the welding quality. Therefore, the configuration of the equipment is less complicated than that of laser welding system, and the condition monitoring is easier than that of the laser welding. In this study, by transferring the concept of the condition monitoring system developed for laser welding to resistance spot welding, we achieved a reduction of more than 60% in terms of electricity consumption and improved the appearance of the car body by optimizing the indentation shape. In addition to this technical achievement, we also present in this paper a case study showing the opportunity for innovation by restructuring the technological paradigm of the resistance spot welding in the production of stainless steel car body shells.
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Ratela, Jefta, Jozua Huwae, Marinus Tappy, Raman Simanjuntak, Lexy Hosang, and Novie Wijaya. "Kekuatan tarik logam hasil pengelasan dengan las listrik dan las LPG." JURNAL BLUEFIN FISHERIES 1, no. 1 (August 8, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jbf.v1i1.2.
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Steel welding, especially soft steel with carbon content ranging from 0.3%, which is installed in the construction of fishing vessels, often using various types of electrodes including kobe steel RB, 26 Niko steel RD 260 Esap steel OK 46,64, Philips steel PH 68 JIS D 4314, AWS E 6013 and others, while LPG Las only uses bait welding from welding wire with a size of 3-5 mm. The purpose of this study is to examine the tensile strength of metal welding results between welds of Electricity with LPG Welding. The variable observed in this study is the amount of tensile strength in two types of electric welding machines and LPG welding. From the data obtained from the test results, then the magnitude of the tensile strength is sought by distributing the results of observations with cross sections of test specimens used in the form of stretch loads, mouth strength, maximum load, maximum tensile strength, broken load and elastic modulus. From the results of the tensile testing performed, it turns out that there is a difference in the welding power of Electric with LPG Gas welding where the electric welding strength is greater than the welding strength of LPG Gas. The electric weld tensile strength is 69.13 Kgf / mm² and LPG Gas welding is 26.20 Kgf / mm²
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He, Bo, and Chang Qing Sun. "Crack Resistance and Structural Analysis on Thermit Welding." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 2440–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.2440.
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War-broken parts can be repaired quickly without electricity and gas in the wild by use of the thermit welding technology, so it is of great significance to study on welded quality of thermit welding parts for its military application. As the crack resistance of welded parts is an important target to estimate the welded performance, crack resistance test and microstructure analysis have been conducted on test specimens made of Q235 welded parts. Results showed that as the crack ratio was less than 20% in the Y-groove crack test, the crack propagation would not occur in the practical welding structure and that the crack resistance of welded joints could meet the welded demand.
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Lazarescu, Grigore Ion, and Cristian Ratiu. "Intra Oral Welding of Titanium Implants 40 Years of Proven Clinical Success." Advanced Materials Research 1138 (July 2016): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1138.172.
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Intra Oral Welding has been used since 1976 to stabilize and re enforces dental implants. Pier Luigi Mondani is the inventor of technique and device that can join titanium parts with no relevant thermal outcome. In dentistry and other medical fields, this technological solution allows a faster and better healing at significantly lower costs. The physical process is a pressure-electricity induced diffusion of joined parts. As dental implants become more and more the main solution for edentulous people, Intraoral Welding is offering better primary implant stability, faster provisional prosthesis solution and functional healing while immediate loading. A number of clinical cases are presented for their original approach with titanium bar welding.
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Kemény, Dávid Miklós, and Dorina Kovács. "The Effect of Welding Parameters on the Corrosion Resistance of Austenitic Stainless Steel." Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering 66, no. 2 (March 22, 2022): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppme.19568.
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Electricity produced in power plants is essential in our everyday life. In general, the energy transfer takes place after processing the energy source in boilers or steam generators. Steam is generated through this process, that operates the turbines and they generate electricity through the generators. As such equipment operates in a high pressure, corrosive and high temperature environment, these circumstances may damage the tubes in the heat exchangers. Our research examines the potential of corrosion of heat exchanger tubes after welding. The typical corrosion process is pitting. The corrosion resistance of stainless steel depends on a protective, passive film formed on the surface of the steel exposed to the service environment. The use of fusion welding for fabrication leads to local variations in the chemical composition inside the material, which may significantly alter the stability of the passive layer and hence the corrosion behavior. The impact of welding parameters (shielding gas, amperage) was examined on corrosion resistance of X6CrNiTi18-10 austenitic stainless steel. The corrosion test was performed according to ASTM G48 standard. The weight loss was measured in Fe(III)-chloride solution by the first corrosion test. The results showed that the corrosion resistance of stainless steel was better at 50 A and 10 l/min welding parameters. During the second test, a potentiodynamic corrosion test was made, and the potentiodynamic curve was measured in 9% saline solution. In this solution, the stainless steel had a better corrosion property because it was measured in a less aggressive medium.
12
Li, Zhi Zun, Wen Tong Xin, Yong Sheng Wu, and Li Feng Qu. "Manual Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis Welding of 45 Steel." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 3484–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.3484.
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A new style of emergency welding, named manual SHS welding ,was introduced. By this technique, metal materials could be welded on the condition of no electricity, no gas and no equipments. In this paper, the mechanism of manual SHS welding has been illustrated, the effect of thermit on welding and the microstructure of the welded joint have been studied, and the mechanical properties have been tested. Results showed that the combustion velocity of the combustion welding rod became higher when the content of (CuO+Al) thermit increased. The suitable (CuO+Al) content is 60%wt ~80%wt. The tested 45 steel plates were one-side welded with back formation. Microstructure analysis indicated that there are three zones in the welded joint, which are heat affected zone, fusion zone and weld metal. The weld metal and the 45 steel plates were combined metallurgically. The weld metal was copper based alloy. EDS patterns showed that there was diffusion of Cu, Fe and Ni in the three zones. The fracture of the weld joint is a typical ductile fracture. The tensile strength of the joints reached 400MPa and the impact absorbed energy was about 35J, which meet the requirement of mechanical properties for emergency welding. Manual SHS welding is an effective welding method for emergency maintenance in battlefield and outside field.
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Shu, Kuen Ming, Wen Hsiang Hsieh, Yu Guang Li, Chi Wei Chi, and Yi Shen Li. "The Design and Analysis of Ultrasonic Roll Welding Head and Tool." Advanced Materials Research 579 (October 2012): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.579.357.
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Solar panels conduct electricity through aluminum strips on substrate surfaces. Ultrasonic roll welding can weld the conductive aluminum strips onto the glass substrates. This paper illustrates vibration characteristics and optimal design of amplitude horns used in the ultrasonic welding roll. Based on theoretical equations, this study used the ANSYS software to establish the parametric model according to design requirements. With the parametric model as the initial design, this study conducted modal analysis and harmonic analysis to obtain the vertical mode and disc bending mode of the horn, and measured the resonant frequency, amplitude amplification rate and stress distribution. Finally, this study implemented and verified the optimal coupled disc tool of the ultrasonic horn.
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Kim, Eun Mi, Ho Su Jang, and Dong Sam Park. "Design of Ultrasonic Horn for Slip-Ring Metal Welding." Advanced Materials Research 129-131 (August 2010): 536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.129-131.536.
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Ultrasonic energy is spotlighted as a skill which connects detailed parts accurately and safely. So we designed the horn needed for attaching Tubular type of metal parts such as slip ring used for providing electricity for a body of rotation. We considered mainly booster’s size, slip-ring’s size, and nature frequency of horn. This design fixed the frequency given from ultrasonic metal welder as 40,000Hz, so it decided the approximate length of horn which makes maximum vibration amplitude through formula. And we designed the horn as a step shape with fillet for increasing the amplitude and decreasing stress concentration. Horn’s tip is designed 10mm length in view of the shape of slip-rings. And we calculated and analyzed the natural frequency by the modal analysis and harmonic analysis using Ansys that is analysis program. Through this study, we could examine the manufacturing possibility of the horn for ultrasonic metal welding of tubular type.
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Krupin, Aleksandr Evgenjevich. "The rationale for the hardening the teeth of harrows manual welding." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 11 (November 14, 2019): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2019i11pp92-95.
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The article presents an algorithm to justify the feasibility of hardening the teeth of harrows by surfacing and the results of its implementation. In particular, based on existing methods, it is proposed to determine the cost of materials, the wages of the worker, carried out surfacing, the cost of electricity for surfacing, as well as the overhead per one tooth harrow hardened by the proposed method. The number of deposited teeth of harrows and teeth without hardening is determined, which will require replacement upon transition to the limiting state. Based on the results obtained, cost savings were found for the purchase of teeth requiring replacement during the year on one harrow and in the whole enterprise.
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Zhai, Jian Long, Jie Li, and Rong Hui Gao. "Realization of Angular Position Control System on Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Welding Robot." Applied Mechanics and Materials 192 (July 2012): 323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.192.323.
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Aim at the need of excessive freedom jointing robot real time measuring joint angle positions during work process, The engineer is an measure system of excessive freedom jointing robot, which are base on absoluteness type photo-electricity coder and TMS320F2812. The system have more group sixteen bits IO and SCI communicate interface, which can make jointing robot real time measuring, and implement the visual interface of the upper machine .The system has well real time and friendly human-machine interface, which is the same with minutely machining appliance extensive.
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Anugrah, Despiantini, Syafiri Musa, and Dayat Hidayat. "Electric Welding Vocational Training for Youth in Entrepreneurship." KOLOKIUM Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah 9, no. 1 (April 22, 2021): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/kolokium-pls.v9i1.459.
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Despiantini (1610631040010). Vocational training of electric welding for youth in Entrepreneurial Training Hall (BLK) Kab. Purwakarta. School of Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Sciences, University of Singaperbangsa Karawang, 2020.The background of this study was the many unemployment that existed in Kab. Purwakarta which is mainly from the youth circles, and lack of skills among others in electric welding so lost to compete in the workforce. Thus the problem formulation of this research is how the implementation and results of vocational training of electric welding for the youth in entrepreneurship at the Training Hall (BLK) Kab. Purwakarta. The purpose of this research is to obtain an overview of the implementation and outcome of vocational training of electric welding for the youth in Entrepreneurship at the Kab work Training Hall. Purwakarta. The foundations of the theory used in this research include the concept of training. Training is a process of educative interaction between citizens studying with the training components. The training components include: raw input (raw input), instrumental input (input), environmental input, process, output (output), other input, and outcome (influence)... This study used a qualitative approach with a case study method conducted at Kab Training Hall (BLK). Purwakarta. The number of research subjects was five respondents, one organizer, an instructor, and three people. The data collection techniques used in this study are observations, interviews, and documentation analysis. The stages involved in this training include the orientation stage, the exploration stage, and the member check stage.The results of the study as follows: (1) Kab Working Training Hall (BLK). Purwakarta has been conducting vocational training for electrical welding through planning, implementation, and assessment of 28 days of training @ 10 hours lessons/day with 16 people who study trained by one person instructor, and (2) District Training Hall (BLK). Purwakarta has trained 16 people of citizens learn in the mastery of SMAW 2G welding skills in accordance with the prevailing standards. Advice on the implementation of electrical welding vocational training among others so that the BLK can be equipped with electric tools that are still lacking.Keywords: training, welding electricity, entrepreneurship
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Wu, Min, and Xiao Gang Xiong. "Design and Application of Energy Saving Safety Control Regulator of AC Arc Welding Machine." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 1592–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.1592.
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With the rapid development of our economic in recent year, electricity supply becomes tighter gradually. As when electric welder in ballast, the loss of power is much and factor of power is low which leads to the quality of power supply is poor and accidents of electric shock occurred. In order to solve such prominent problem, we research and the design of energy saving safety control regulator of electric welding machine, it will eliminate the loss of ac welder and improve the quality of power supply, ensuring the safe of the welders. The paper proved the correctness and effectiveness of the design through the installation test at last.
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Lin, Meng Ju, Jen Cheh Lee, Chung Li Hwan, and Jung Nan Liao. "Effect of Hot Bar Shape on Temperature Consistency." Advanced Materials Research 33-37 (March 2008): 1319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.33-37.1319.
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Pulse heated reflow soldering is widely used as junction methods of electronic devices such as ACF, HSC, FPC, PCB, TCP, and FFC. Hot bars are the devices used in pulsed heated reflow method to heat and melt the solder materials between devices and wire becoming a junction. Therefore the performance is determined by the welding properties. The welding time, temperature and induced pressure are important factors affecting welding property. And the temperature has the significant effect due to electricity and mechanical property of solder being determined by welding temperature. However, the consistency of temperature is hard to achieve due to complex coupling of driving current, materials property, heat generation, heat conduction and hot bar shape. In this work, different shapes of hot bat are designed to obtain the temperature consistency. Due to the welding requirement, the heating process is a two steps process. And the hot bar is heated by electric current from power supply with feedback control. For assembly purpose, the hot bar is designed as a rectangular plate with circular holes near the other side respect to the heating edge to fasten the hot bar on the welding machine. And the hot bar with polygon hole in the center part would induce the uniform temperature distribution. Four dimensions of the hot bar determine the shape and investigate the temperature consistency: polygon’s sizes and its positions. Some experiments are made to measure the temperature distribution. The results show the shape has significant effect on temperature consistency. Changing the polygon hole positions will alter the temperature distribution. The central part of heating edge will hotter than both ending part initially. And in some cases, during the heating process, the both ending part will have cooler, hotter, and cooler temperature that central part with respect to heating time. The polygon hole sizes have also significant effect on the temperature distribution. They have the similar temperature distribution phenomena as positions effect. Therefore, from the experiments and analysis, the hot bar could have more uniform temperature distribution by shape design. And it is also found the temperature distribution would induce thermal residual stress and deform the hot bar.
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Long, Guang Li. "Design of GPS Based on Single Chip Microcomputer." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 2192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.2192.
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In order to go on a journey conveniently, the STC89C52 SCM is used, one kind of GPS user terminal is designed, it including GM-89 GPS module, communications and transformation connection, control processing electric circuit, display circuit, RS232 exterior serial communication connection and so on. The related hardware welding on the PCB, the software programming After-Burning writes in the SCM, inserts the TFT colored tablet (or 12864 liquid crystals) and outside sets at the type GPS antenna. On the electricity, demonstrated the longitude, latitude, time and altitude above sea level and so on information, after access the internet to consult the local latitude and longitude information to carry on compared to rightly, the result is correct, indicated that has achieved the design requirements.
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K.C., Laxman, and Bhupendra Devkota. "PCBs Contaminantion of Transformer Oil and its Occupational Health and Safety Status in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal." International Journal of Environment 3, no. 4 (December 15, 2014): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i4.11727.
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Electrification in Kathmandu valley had started in 1911 and the use of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) probably started since 1940s (Devkota, 2005). This research work was undertaken to find out the degree and extent of PCBs contamination in transformer oil and to explore its impacts on occupational health and safety issues of the workers and on the environment. The research was focused on Distributions Centers of the Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) in the Kathmandu valley, NEA Lainchaur workshop and welding workshops of the Kathmandu valley. The samples of transformer oil were collected, safely stored and analyzed using L2000DX Chloride Analyzer, PCBs contamination at >50 ppm level was found in 184 distribution transformers with total volume of PCBs contaminated transformer oil to be 67566.3 Kg. The knowledge on impacts of PCBs contaminated transformer oil on human health and environment was better among NEA employees than among employees of welding workshops, though not satisfactory. Due to very low awareness, the workers come in contact with the transformer oil regularly and many health impacts such as eye problems, skin related complication, weakness and respiratory problems might be due to this exposure; however, exact impacts could not be verified scientifically.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i4.11727 International Journal of EnvironmentVolume-3, Issue-4, Sep-Nov 2014Page : 12-23
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Sultoni, Adam, and Sri Subekti. "Process Production of Fishball Using Design of Fishball Moulding Machine in The Center of Testing The Application of Fishery (BBP2HP), Jakarta." Journal of Marine and Coastal Science 8, no. 1 (August 4, 2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jmcs.v8i1.21146.
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Meatball is round-shaped food which contains meat as the basic ingredient and it becomes an original Indonesian food. Meatball can be made or created manually by hand or meatball machine. In this the modern era, a lot of meatball sellers are using meatball machine in order to get a maximum and desired meatball results therefore the meatball machine is needed to accelerate the production process, faster than manual process.Meatball machine can produce more meatball (1000 meatballs per day) compared with manual process which can only produce 200-400 meatballs per day. This internship was carried out to learn the production design for fish meatball production in BBP2HP through Triple screw with horizontal model. It consists of three basic process such as preparation, installation, and trial phase. The equipments which are used in running this system are masks, welding goggles, gloves, electrode, work outfit, saw blades, hammers, grinders, electric drill, hacksaw, lathes, work shoes, and sigmat. Meatball machine is designed with stainless steel and can easily be used. This machine has horizontal-shaped body (Length x Height x Wide = 848 x 500 x 313 mm), 200 watt electricity, 5 kilograms grinding capacity, and 120 meatballs per minute production speed. It is suitable for home scale production with low electricity to save the cost.
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Syamsudin, Syamsudin, Eko Hadi Sucipto, and Hana Sartika. "Analisa Produktivitas Pada Divisi Produksi PT. XYZ Menggunakan Metode Objective Matrix (OMAX)." Jurnal Penelitian Teknik industri 1, no. 1 (March 10, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.51999/jpti.v1i1.1.
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PT. XYZ is a company engaged in the fabrication industry. Based on data in 2018 and 2019 this company has not been able to reach the predetermined production target. Another problem is the amount of resources used is not proportional to the results of production. The purpose of this study is to measure the level of productivity of the Production Division. The method used is the Objective Matrix (OMAX) method. Determination of the weight of each ratio using the AHP method. The second objective is to determine the proposed improvement using a traffic light system, Pareto diagram, cause-effect diagram, and 5W + 1H. The measurement criteria are the use of steel plates, electricity consumption, welding wire, time to repair, normal working hours, overtime and the number of workers. Based on the measurement results using the OMAX method, it is known that there is a decrease in the level of productivity to below the standard productivity level, namely in January of -0.171, March of -0.03, July of -0.15 and December of -0.29. The productivity level that was above the standard productivity level occurred in February of 0.37, May of 1.80, June of 0.10, August of 0.32, September of 1.096, October of 1.82, November of 0.01 , with a traffic light system and Pareto diagram, improvements were made to the welding wire consumption performance.
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Chen, Ya, Hong Bai Bai, and Chun Hong Lu. "Research on Electrical Characteristics of Metal Rubber." Advanced Materials Research 998-999 (July 2014): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.998-999.87.
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Metal rubber is a new type of elastic damping material. It’s often used in all kinds of instruments and equipment to vibration isolation and buffer. The internal of metal rubber is mesh structure in space formed with wires. The contact points of the crossed wires aren’t solid collusion. Although the compressive strength of metal rubber is very good, but the structure of metal rubber would become loosly and destroyed under tensile load. Literature [1] put forward that the pulse discharge sintered to metal rubber can make the contact point transform to solid collusion. The method is based on the theory of resistance welding to the contact points between sintering metal wires in metal rubber. The research and analysis to the electricity characteristics of the metal rubber has important significance to optimize parameters of electrical pulse discharge experiment and improve the quality of sinter.
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Long, Guang Li. "Design of GPRS Based on MCU STC12C5A60S2." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 4028–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.4028.
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The MCU has the smaller volume, low cost, face control, antijamming ability strong and so on merits, GPRS is based on the GSM development foundation in data traffic. one kind of GPRS system Has been designed by using MCU STC12C5A60S2, it including correspondence transformation connection, SIM300 module, MCU, display circuit, keyboard electric circuit, RS232 exterior serial communication connection and so on. The related hardware welding on the PCB, the software programming after-burning writes in the MCU, inserts the liquid crystal display monitor and the SIM card, joins the receiver and the microphone, connects the good GPRS antenna. On the electricity, the establishment correspondence transformation connection, may realize the close-down, the dial and the answering telephone, transmits and receives the SMS, to receive and dispatch E-mail, carries on the Internet to glance over and so on, indicated that has achieved the design requirements.
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Sri Kumala Sari, Kartika, Wati Wati, and Syafii Syafii. "Home Industry Powered Grid-Connected PV System an Economic Feasibility Study." Andalas Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology 1, no. 2 (December 10, 2021): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/ajeeet.v1i2.16.
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This paper presents an analysis and feasibility of grid connected PV System for small scale home industry of welding workshop in Kambang Pesisir Selatan, Indonesia. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the feasibility of the on-grid PV system and obtain a comparison of the simulation results between the PV connected and only grid. The optimization results show that a feasible and optimal design configuration is a gid-connected PV system consisting of a Grid, PV system 3.48 kW, and a 5 kW inverter because it has a large intensity of solar radiation, which produces an economical generating system with a COE of Rp. 829/kWh, smaller than the basic cost of electricity provision that has been determined by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, which is IDR 1,058/kWh, in accordance with the criteria, the project is feasible to build.
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Zhu, Yan Cai, Jing Qin Wang, Hai Tao Wang, and Li Qiang An. "Preparation and Study on Nano-Ag/SnO2 Electrical Contact Material Doped Rare Earth Element." Materials Science Forum 789 (April 2014): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.789.270.
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As a new type of electrical contact material, Ag/SnO2 has poor processing performance and large contact resistance, which limits its application so far. In order to improve the machinability and electrical performance of the Ag/SnO2 electrical contact materials, a new kind of nanoAg/SnO2 electrical contact material doped rare earth element Ce was prepared by sol-gel-chemical plating method. The purity of the powders was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the crystallite size of the nanoparticle was calculated according to the Scherrer equation. The distribution of Ce-doped SnO2 powers were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In parallel, rated making and breaking experiments on nanoAg/SnO2 were conducted. The results of XRD and SEM show that the nanoSnO2 powders are small, uniform and with no obvious phenomenon of reunion, and thus significantly improve the density, strength and machinability of the sample. Furthermore, the results of arc erosion show that the nanoAg/SnO2 electricity contact materials doped element Ce have superior fusion welding resistance properties.
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Bhuyan, G. S., E. J. Sperling, G. Shen, H. Yin, and M. D. Rana. "Prediction of Failure Behavior of a Welded Pressure Vessel Containing Flaws During a Hydrogen-Charged Burst Test." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 121, no. 3 (August 1, 1999): 246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2883699.
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An industry-government collaborative program was carried out with an aim to promoting the acceptance of fracture mechanics-based fitness-for-service assessment methodology for a service-damaged pressure vessel. A collaborative round robin exercise was carried out to predict the fracture behavior of a vessel containing hydrogen damage, fabrication-related lack-of-fusion defects, an artificially induced fatigue crack, and a localized thinned area. The fracture assessment procedures used include the U.S. ASME Material Property Council’s PREFIS Program based on the British Standard (BS) Published Document (PD) 6493, ASME Section XI and The Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB) R6 approach, The Welding Institute (TWI) CRACKWISE program (based on BS PD6493 Level 2 approach), a variant of the R6 approach, J-tearing instability approaches, various J-estimation schemes, LEFM approach, and simplified stress analysis. Assessments were compared with the results obtained from a hydrogen-charged burst test of the vessel. Predictions, based on the J-tearing approach, compared well with the actual burst test results. Actual burst pressure was about five times the operating pressure.
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Wandy, Yose, Marcus Vogt, Rushit Kansara, Clemens Felsmann, and Christoph Herrmann. "Sensor-Based Machine Learning Approach for Indoor Air Quality Monitoring in an Automobile Manufacturing." Energies 14, no. 21 (November 3, 2021): 7271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217271.
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The alternative control concept using emission from the machine has the potential to reduce energy consumption in HVAC systems. This paper reports on a study of alternative inputs for a control system of HVAC using machine learning algorithms, based on data that are gathered in a welding area of an automotive factory. A data set of CO2, fine dust, temperatures and air velocity was logged using continuous and gravimetric measurements during two typical production weeks. The HVAC system was reduced gradually each day to trigger fluctuations of emission. The data were used to train and test various machine learning models using different statistical indices, consequently to choose a best fit model. Different models were tested and the Long Short-Term Memory model showed the best result, with 0.821 discrepancy on R2. The gravimetric samples proved that the reduction of air exchange rate does not correlate to escalation of fine dust linearly, which means one cannot rely on just gravimetric samples for HVAC system optimization. Furthermore, by using machine learning algorithms, this study shows that by using commonly available low cost sensors in a production hall, it is possible to correlate fine dust data cost effectively and reduce electricity consumption of the HVAC.
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Obukoeroro, John, and H. E. Uguru. "Appraisal of electrical wiring and installations status in Isoko area of Delta State, Nigeria." Journal of Physical Science and Environmental Studies 7, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36630/jpses_21001.
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Electricity is the prime mover of every economy; hence there is a need to maintain its generation, distribution and consumption. This study was carried out to appraise the status of electrical wiring in the Isoko area of Delta State, Nigeria. A total of 300 residential buildings, 200 makeshift shops and 100 artisan workshops were sampled and their structures, state of connection, overvoltage protection (cut-out fuse) and earthing were accessed. 100 questionnaires were distributed to electricians involved in electrical wiring and installations in the study area. Results obtained from the questionnaires revealed that only 71% of the residential buildings, 23% of the makeshift shops, and 8% of the artisan workshops made use of electric cables that met the NIS recommendations. For electric cable connections, it was observed that there was a lapse in the connections; mostly in the artisan workshops, as some service cables were not properly tightened to the distribution lines. Only 75% of the residential buildings, 53% of the makeshift shops, and 5% of the artisan workshops had approved rating cut-out fuse. It was observed that in artisan workshops, welding machines were connected directly to the service lines. Furthermore, the results revealed that 42% of the residential buildings, 87% of the makeshift shops and 99% of the artisan’s workshops lacked proper earthing. These results revealed electrical risks in many makeshift shops and artisan workshops and the need for the relevant authorities to act fast to minimize power outrage and prevent electrical tragedies in the study area. Keywords: Artisan, electrical wiring, energy theft, makeshift shops, residential buildings
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Robbins, Bruce. "The Sweatshop Sublime." Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 117, no. 1 (January 2002): 84–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081202x63537.
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There is a passage in David Lodge's 1988 Novel nice work in which the heroine, a marxist-feminist critic who teaches English literature, looks out the window of an airplane and sees the division of labor.Factories, shops, offices, schools, beginning the working day. People crammed into rush-hour buses and trains, or sitting at the wheels of their cars in traffic jams, or washing up breakfast things in the kitchens of pebble-dashed semis. All inhabiting their own little worlds, oblivious of how they fitted into the total picture. The housewife, switching on her electric kettle to make another cup of tea, gave no thought to the immense complex of operations that made that simple action possible: the building and maintenance of the power station that produced the electricity, the mining of coal or pumping of oil to fuel the generators, the laying of miles of cable to carry the current to her house, the digging and smelting and milling of ore or bauxite into sheets of steel or aluminum, the cutting and pressing and welding of the metal into the kettle's shell, spout and handle, the assembling of these parts with scores of other components—coils, screws, nuts, bolts, washers, rivets, wires, springs, rubber insulation, plastic trimmings; then the packaging of the kettle, the advertising of the kettle, the marketing of the kettle, to wholesale and retail outlets, the transportation of the kettle to warehouses and shops, the calculation of its price, and the distribution of its added value between all the myriad people and agencies concerned in its production and circulation. The housewife gave no thought to all this as she switched on her kettle.
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Yılmaz, Fatih. "Analysis of shipboard fire/explosion accidents occurred in the Turkish search and rescue area." Aquatic Research 4, no. 3 (2021): 214–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3153/ar21017.
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A shipboard fire/explosion may be occurred due to various causal factors such as actions, omissions, events or conditions. In this study, it is aimed to carry out an analysis focused on shipboard fire/explosion casualties. With this aim, the data on 127 shipboard fire/explosion casualties occurred in the Turkish Search and Rescue area, which were reported to the Main Search and Rescue Coordination Center between 2006-2015, have been analyzed. As a result of the statistical analysis (descriptive statistics), it has been observed that majority of the shipboard fire/explosion casualties were occurred on-board the Turkish flagged ships, on-board small passenger vessels/recreational vessels/private-commercial yachts among the classified ship types, in the regions of İstanbul, İzmir and Çanakkale, in the summer season, during the night-time, and in machinery spaces of the ships by described locations. It has been also observed that main events caused shipboard fires/explosion casualties were electricity contact/leakage, gas accumulation/leakage, cargo ignition, welding/hot works and other undescribed factors. Additionally, by examining the existing shipboard fire & explosion accident investigation reports of Transportation Safety Investigation Center between 2014-2020, it has been observed that the main possible causal/contributing factors for the shipboard fire/explosion casualties were related with the violations of the ISM-Safety Management System (SMS) requirements. Many previous studies in the relevant literature point out to the ISM/SMS-related causal/contributing factors as well. In conclusion, special attention should be paid to the effective implementation and continuous improvement of the ISM/SMS procedures related with shipboard fire safety for the prevention of shipboard fire/explosion casualties as well.
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Bagrov, Valeriy. "Effect of structure and phase content on wear resistance of the economical alloyed metastable and secondary hardening steels of Cr-Mn-Ti system." Bulletin of Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University, no. 94 (December 16, 2021): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/bul.2219-5548.2021.94.0.136.
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Despite a large number of studies in the field of assessing the causes of the formation of hot and cold cracks during surfacing of wear-resistant alloys, today the issues of working out the use of economically alloyed wear-resistant materials and the technique of their surfacing remain relevant. Goal: The purpose of this work is to study the effect of the structure and phase composition on the wear resistance of economically alloyed metastable and secondary hardening steels of the Cr-Mn-Ti system, as well as with additional alloying with Mo, B, V. Mechanized surfacing was carried out with flux cored wires AN-22 and AN-20 with the supply of a de-energized additive to the head of the weld pool, which reduces the content of sulfur and phosphorus, the specific consumption of electricity and increases the assimilation of alloying elements and the relative mass of the flux. Cladding by manual arc welding was carried out with coated electrodes with the addition of a depleted CaF2-coated flux-cored wire filler. When surfacing with a de-energized additive, the ratio of the filler to the main electrode, the relative mass was determined by β = m1 / m2 (m1, m2 are the mass of the filler and the electrode rod, respectively). Submerged arc surfacing was carried out in the following modes: IN = 300 ... 350 A, UD = 26 ... 30 V, q = 6 ... 10 kJ / cm, with manual surfacing - IN = 180 ... 220 A, UD = 25 ... Results: The studies carried out confirm the possibility of the formation of a “white band” both in alloys with a high concentration of austenitizing elements (Mn, C, Ni) and when alloying carbide-forming elements with a relatively low affinity for carbon (V, Mo). The indicators of resistance to cracking (КС, j-integral, δС), and, consequently, resistance to wear of secondary hardening steels are higher than those of metastable and tool steels.
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Sotskaya, I. M., R. D. Adakin, V. P. Dmitrenko, and D. S. Karpov. "Разработка комплексного оборудования для изготовления опорных рам силовых генераторов для предприятия ООО «ПК «Автодизель-Сервис-Центр»." Vestnik APK Verhnevolzh`ia, no. 3(47) (October 14, 2019): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35694/yarcx.2019.47.3.016.
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Рассмотрено решение проблемы обеспечения плоскостности и вертикальности деталей свариваемых рам под силовые установки и дизельгенераторы. Данные изделия устанавливаются на морские и речные суда. Это позволяет обеспечивать речной транспорт как двигательной силой, так и электричеством. Сложность выполнения технических требований при изготовлении рам заключается в том, что во время сварки происходит изменение углов деталей рамы, это приводит к неплотному прилеганию рамы к дну морских и речных судов. В результате этого тратится значительное время на доработку, подгонку рам к дну судна. Авторами разработан комплекс оборудования, обеспечивающего решение вышеуказанной проблемы: монтажный стол, зажим, упор, кондуктор. Монтажный стол обеспечивает плоскостность свариваемых деталей, благодаря ровной горизонтальной поверхности. Он представляет собой лист толщиной 30 мм (габариты 850х1500 мм), с просверленными отверстиями диаметром мм, установленный на основании стола. Зажим с диаметром стержня обеспечивает плотный прижим свариваемых деталей к поверхности монтажного стола за счёт изгиба своего носка и заклинивания стержня в отверстии стола. Это обеспечивает сварку деталей без дальнейшего их изгиба. Упор обеспечивает возможность выставить детали под необходимыми углами (90о, 45о, 30о). В держатель установлена лазерная рулетка, с помощью которой выставляется правильное положение кондукторов. Кондуктор служит направляющим элементом для точного позиционирования сверла при сверлении отверстий в раме под крепёж. Разработанный нами проект комплексного оборудования для изготовления опорных рам силовых генераторов для морских и речных судов, с выдержкой как плоскостности, так и вертикальности деталей, достаточно прост в изготовлении и надёжен в использовании.The solution to the problem of ensuring the flatness and verticality of the parts of the welded frames for power plants and diesel generators is considered. These products are installed on sea and river crafts. This makes it possible to provide river transport with both motive force and electricity. The complexity of fulfilling the technical requirements in the manufacture of frames lies in the fact that during welding there is a change in the angles of the frame parts, this leads to an unsound adjoining of the frame to the bottom of sea and river crafts. As a result of this considerable time is spent on finishing and adjustment the frames to the bottom of the craft. The authors have developed a set of equipment providing a solution to the above mentioned problems: mounting table, clamp, fixed stop, bushing plate. Mounting table ensures the flatness of the welded parts thanks to a level horizontal surface. It is a sheet 30 mm thick (dimensions 850x1500 mm) with drilled holes with a diameter of 25,000,1 mm mounted on the base of the table. The clamp with the diameter of the rod 25,000,1 mm provides a tight clamping of the welded parts to the surface of the mounting table due to the bending of its toe and jamming of the rod in the hole of the table. This ensures welding of parts without further bending. The fixed stop provides an opportunity to expose details at necessary angles (90, 45, 30). A laser tape measure is installed in the holder block with the help of which the correct position of the bushing plates is set. The bushing plate serves as a guiding element for the exact positioning of the drill when drilling holes in the frame for fasteners. Our project of complex equipment for the manufacture of support frames for power generators for sea and river crafts at exposures of both flatness and verticality of parts is quite simple to manufacture and reliable in use.
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Aleksieienko, Ihor. "On the Occasion of 100th Anniversary of Borys Paton." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XIX (2018): 821–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2018-53.
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The article describes the life path and scientific work of Borys Paton who celebrated 100th birthday this year. It is interesting to know that on the day of his birthday, namely on November 27, the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine was established in Kyiv. This coincidence appeared to be symbolic. Having graduated from school and then Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, electrician engineer Borys Paton began working in the factory in Horkyi city in 1941, and then in 1942 – in the Urals in Nyzhniy Tagil city, whereto the Institute of Electric Welding was transferred. Thenceforth, the rest of B. E. Paton life was associated with the Institute and the Academy. The personality of B. E. Paton was forming mainly under the influence of his father. Son of Ye. O. Paton inherited his father’s traits of character that preconditioned the formation of the gifted person – persistent work as a basis for life, demanding attitude towards himself and his employees, the ability to identify the major targets and achieve them persistently, the ability to create a team of like-minded people. In the second part of the last century the Academy under the leadership of B. Paton trans-formed into a powerful scientific and technical institution. Time has forced the country to solve urgent scientific and technical challenges, which were brilliantly resolved by Ukrainian researchers in the 60–90s of the 20th century. The radical reorganization of the Academy was a foundation for this process, which enabled to introduce the results of scientific studies into the production process in the form of new technologies, materials and methods. At that time state support was determined by the urgency and importance of new implementations. Being a patriot of Ukraine, B. Ye. Paton once firmly refused to hold the position of the President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR despite the persistent “proposal” of the authorities. After Ukraine has gained its independence in 1991, the state began paying less attention to science, significantly reducing its funding. Possibilities for researches of Ukrainian scientists deteriorated. Mass media began writing articles about the need for radical reformation of the Academy, up to the transformation of academic science into science at the higher education establishments. In this complicated situation, the Academy began searching for new forms of effective scientific research. In the opinion of many scholars, the Academy’s further existence at that time in many respects owed to the activity and authority of B. E. Paton. Currently the Academy experiences hard times and number of its members decreased thrice. However, scientists have found new modes of work, which first and outmost were represented in cooperation with foreign colleagues. Even today Ukrainian researches have scientific achievements of the world scale. So, we would like to wish Borys Yevhenovych strong health and that all his dreams come true. Keywords: NAS of Ukraine, Paton, USSR, reformation, scientific thought, scientific and technical institution.
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"Robotic cell automates welding of electricity generators." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 26, no. 5 (July 1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir.1999.04926eaf.007.
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Kargabaev, Yryskeldi, and Kubat Osmonaliev. "DETERMINATION OF THE VALUE OF SINGLE RAPID VOLTAGE CHANGES IN NETWORKS SUPPLYIND ELEKTRIC WEIDING INSTALLATIONS." Science and Innovative Technologies, May 5, 2019, 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33942/sit008.
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The article deals with the tasks of ensuring the required quality of electricity in modern power systems of industrial enterprises. The main tasks of designing and operating modern power supply systems for industrial enterprises are in addition to the rational choice of elements of power supply systems, it is also to ensure the required quality of electricity at the terminals of the power receivers. Ensuring the required quality of electricity is generally associated with the electromagnetic compatibility of the supplynetwork. The intensification of production processes is associated with the improvement of technological processes and the introduction of advanced technologies, with the use of high-performance equipment, in particular, valve converters, welding plants, powerful metalworking machines are being introduced. They are currently controlled using digital technology, these devices strictly impose high demands on the quality of electrical energy.In connection with the requirements of the quality of electricity, in the Russian Federation every 10-15 years new standards are developed, where the indicators of the quality of electric energy are normalized
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Kakhovskyi, Mykola, Yurii Kakhovskyi, and Anton Ievdokymenko. "Technology of welding and repair works of hydropower plants units." Mechanics and Advanced Technologies 5, no. 2 (December 9, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2521-1943.2021.5.2.245092.
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In the course of long-term operation of hydroelectric units, they are subject to wear and tear, which negatively affects the power generating capacity of the hydroelectric power station. The existing repair technology provides the restoration of the geometric dimensions of the impeller chamber of the hydraulic unit using an austenitic cladding layer. However, this technology is characterized by the occurrence of cracks and delamination of the deposited layer during post-repair operation, which is negatively reflected in the production cycle of electricity. A new technology and welding consumables have been proposed for repair and restoration works of hydroelectric units at hydroelectric power plants, providing an increase in the quality level, high characteristics of hydroabrasive and cavitation resistance, and increasing of working period of hydroelectric power plants. Inspection of the body of the hydraulic unit was carried out, defects were identified and classified, the reasons for their occurrence were analyzed. The research results make possible to optimize the alloying system of the deposited metal, to determine the optimal welding mode, to reduce the amount of the martensite component and to develop new filler materials and the technology for welding and repair works of hydroelectric power plants.
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Olanrewaju, Emilola Cecilia. "Impact of Electricity Service on Performance of Microenterprises of Rural Entrepreneurs in Ogun State, Nigeria." Journal of Energy Research and Reviews, March 19, 2019, 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2019/v2i330077.
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The expansion of microenterprises in rural areas is linked with the increase in access and use of electricity services, leading to changes income. However, there is little empirical evidence to underpin the mechanisms that lead from energy supply to profit generation among rural entrepreneurs. To this end, this study analyzed the impact of electricity service on performance of microenterprises of rural entrepreneurs. Primary data were used for this study. Data were collected using questionnaires from a sample of 150 rural entrepreneurs engaged in various microenterprise economic activities from Odeda Local Government Areas of Ogun State in a three-stage sampling procedure. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, logit model and ordinary regression analysis. The result shows that hair dressing and retail shop were the most common form of businesses followed by grain milling, tailoring, welding, relaxation sports centre and cassava processing. In addition, the result reveals that age, years of schooling, nature of business, monthly expenditure on alternative source of power and duration of power outage supported the microenterprise owner decisions to connect to grid electricity service. Also power outage duration and billing method negatively affected firms’ profitability. On other hand durations of power supply and expenditure on alternative power supply significantly has a positive impact on the profitability of microenterprise. The study therefore recommends that government should intensify action in providing rural communities with reliable and affordable electricity services.
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Sabharwall, Piyush, Denis E. Clark, Ronald E. Mizia, Michael V. Glazoff, and Michael G. McKellar. "Diffusion-Welded Microchannel Heat Exchanger for Industrial Processes." Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4007578.
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The goal of next generation reactors is to increase energy efficiency in the production of electricity and provide high-temperature heat for industrial processes. The efficient transfer of energy for industrial applications depends on the ability to incorporate effective heat exchangers between the nuclear heat transport system and the industrial process. The need for efficiency, compactness, and safety challenge the boundaries of existing heat exchanger technology. Various studies have been performed in attempts to update the secondary heat exchanger that is downstream of the primary heat exchanger, mostly because its performance is strongly tied to the ability to employ more efficient industrial processes. Modern compact heat exchangers can provide high compactness, a measure of the ratio of surface area-to-volume of a heat exchange. The microchannel heat exchanger studied here is a plate-type, robust heat exchanger that combines compactness, low pressure drop, high effectiveness, and the ability to operate with a very large pressure differential between hot and cold sides. The plates are etched and thereafter joined by diffusion welding, resulting in extremely strong all-metal heat exchanger cores. After bonding, any number of core blocks can be welded together to provide the required flow capacity. This study explores the microchannel heat exchanger and draws conclusions about diffusion welding/bonding for joining heat exchanger plates, with both experimental and computational modeling, along with existing challenges and gaps. Also, presented is a thermal design method for determining overall design specifications for a microchannel printed circuit heat exchanger for both supercritical (24 MPa) and subcritical (17 MPa) Rankine power cycles.
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Pinilih, Gangsar, and Kusmono Kusmono. "Effect of Tempering Temperature on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Martensitic Stainless Steel Repaired with Gtaw." Journal of Material Processing and Characterization 1, no. 2 (August 7, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jmpc.53220.
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One of the driving equipment to produce electricity that is widely used is gas turbines. To guarantee gas turbine can be operated according to its design and capacity, it is necessary to choose a material that is suitable for its operating conditions and working temperature. Commonly gas turbine compressor blade material is a martensitic stainless steel which has a high enough strength at the compressor working temperature. Damage that is often experienced occurs at the compressor blade and turbine blade. Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) build-up repair is one of the methods used to repair blades. This research was conducted to analyze the effect of tempering temperatures on martensitic stainless steel repaired with GTAW. Research was focus on mechanical properties and microstructure after repaired with GTAW and had heat treatment with various tempering temperatures. In the microstructure, all weld area of the specimens that were tempered at temperatures of 200, 500 and 600°C showed the same microstructure characteristics which consisted of a matrix of tempered martensite as well as chromium carbide. The size of tempered martensite at temperatures of 600°C is larger than 500 and 200°C. The strength and hardness of the material with a tempering temperature of 200°C is higher in value compared to tempering temperatures of 500°C and 600°C, while the toughness of the material with tempering temperature of 500°C is higher compared to 200°C and 600°C.
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Komarovskyi, Mykola M. "Signal Attenuation of Data Transmission by Power Lines." Electronic and Acoustic Engineering 4, no. 3 (September 30, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2617-0965.eae.227843.
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Power Line Communication (PLC) technologies are actively developing and becoming more and more in demand all over the world. They are used in the automation of technological processes, the organization of video surveillance systems and even to control a "smart" home. Research in the field of data transmission using the power grid has been going on for a long time. Once upon a time, the use of PLCs was hampered by low data transfer rates and insufficient immunity from interference. The development of microelectronics and the creation of modern, and most importantly, more efficient processors (chipsets) made it possible to use complex modulation methods for signal processing, which made it possible to significantly advance in the implementation of PLC. However, only a few specialists still know about the real possibilities of communication technology over the power grid. The reliability of data transmission is greatly influenced by interference from various electrical appliances, fluorescent lamps, etc., which interfere with the wires. The strongest influence of impulse noise arising from the operation of electric motors, welding equipment and microwave ovens. However, reliable methods of encoding and encrypting data used in modern PLC technologies provide not only a high level of reliability in the transmission of information, but also its protection from unauthorized access. In addition, when organizing communication, electromagnetic compatibility must be ensured, i.e. it is necessary to reduce the spurious electromagnetic radiation arising from the process of data transmission. Today PLC finds wide practical application. Due to the fact that the technology uses the existing power grid, it can be used in the automation of technological processes for linking automation units via electric wires (for example, city electricity meters). The widespread use of low-voltage electrical networks 0.22 ... 0.38 kV, the absence of the need to carry out expensive work on the construction of trenches and punching walls for laying cables stimulate an increased interest in these networks as a data transmission medium. Often, PLCs are used to create video surveillance systems or a local area network in small offices, where the main requirements for the network are ease of implementation, device mobility and easy scalability. At the same time, both the entire office network and its individual segments can be built using PLC adapters. It is often necessary to connect a remote computer or network printer located in another room or even at the other end of the building to an existing office network - using PLC adapters, this problem can be solved in a few minutes. In addition, PLC technology opens up new opportunities for implementing the idea of a "smart" home, in which all consumer electronics must be tied into a single information network with the possibility of centralized control. The article discusses the basic principles of using power lines as a communication channel, and ways to build such networks. Also, it offers to get acquainted with the main problems of this technology and ways to solve them.