Academic literature on the topic 'Electro-Fenton process'
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Journal articles on the topic "Electro-Fenton process"
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Bounab, Loubna, Olalla Iglesias, Elisa González-Romero, Marta Pazos, and M. Ángeles Sanromán. "Effective heterogeneous electro-Fenton process of m-cresol with iron loaded actived carbon." RSC Advances 5, no. 39 (2015): 31049–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra03050a.
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Oonnittan, Anshy, and Mika E.T. Sillanpaa. "Water Treatment by Electro-Fenton Process." Current Organic Chemistry 16, no. 18 (September 1, 2012): 2060–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138527212803532413.
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Yu, Tian, and Carmel B. Breslin. "Graphene-Modified Composites and Electrodes and Their Potential Applications in the Electro-Fenton Process." Materials 13, no. 10 (May 14, 2020): 2254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13102254.
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In recent years, graphene-based materials have been identified as an emerging and promising new material in electro-Fenton, with the potential to form highly efficient metal-free catalysts that can be employed in the removal of contaminants from water, conserving precious water resources. In this review, the recent applications of graphene-based materials in electro-Fenton are described and discussed. Initially, homogenous and heterogenous electro-Fenton methods are briefly introduced, highlighting the importance of the generation of H2O2 from the two-electron reduction of dissolved oxygen and its catalysed decomposition to produce reactive and oxidising hydroxy radicals. Next, the promising applications of graphene-based electrodes in promoting this two-electron oxygen reduction reaction are considered and this is followed by an account of the various graphene-based materials that have been used successfully to give highly efficient graphene-based cathodes in electro-Fenton. In particular, graphene-based composites that have been combined with other carbonaceous materials, doped with nitrogen, formed as highly porous aerogels, three-dimensional materials and porous gas diffusion electrodes, used as supports for iron oxides and functionalised with ferrocene and employed in the more effective heterogeneous electro-Fenton, are all reviewed. It is perfectly clear that graphene-based materials have the potential to degrade and mineralise dyes, pharmaceutical compounds, antibiotics, phenolic compounds and show tremendous potential in electro-Fenton and other advanced oxidation processes.
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Bellakhal, Nizar, Mehmet A. Oturan, Nihal Oturan, and Mohamed Dachraoui. "Olive Oil Mill Wastewater Treatment by the Electro-Fenton Process." Environmental Chemistry 3, no. 5 (2006): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en05080.
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Environmental Context. The combination of the Fenton’s reagent with electrochemistry (the electro-Fenton process) represents an efficient method for wastewater treatment. This study describes the use of this process to clean olive oil mill wastewater, which is a real environmental problem in Mediterranean countries. Contrary to the conventional methods which reduce the pollution by removing the pollutants from the wastewater, the electro-Fenton process is shown to fully destroy (mineralize) olive oil mill wastes in water without previous extraction and without addition of chemical reagents. Abstract. Treatment of olive oil mill wastewater is one of the most important environmental problems for Mediterranean countries. This wastewater contains many organic compounds like polyphenols, which are very difficult to treat by classical techniques. An advanced electrochemical oxidation process, the electro-Fenton process, has been used as a way of removing chemical oxygen demand and colour intensity from olive oil mill wastewater. Vanillic acid, which has been selected as a model compound, and olive oil mill wastewater have been completely mineralized by the electro-Fenton process with a carbon felt cathode, using Fe2+ ions as the catalyst.
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Renita, A. Annam, S. Sai Bhargav, and Evin Joy. "Advanced Oxidation Process by Electro-Fenton Reagent." Advanced Materials Research 984-985 (July 2014): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.984-985.159.
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This paper deals with the advanced oxidation using Electro-fenton reagent for the degradation of azo-dyes in textile effluents. Discharge of textile effluents causes inevitable pollution of water resources which calls for further treatment methods. In this experiment, textile effluent samples were treated with iron electrodes with the reagents, hydrogen peroxide and ferrous sulfate .The acid dye effluents which were used in this study are Acid Orange 7, Acid Red 88, and Acid Violet 7. The temperature was set to 40° C. Samples of 20 ml were analyzed for Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Colour reduction. Experiments were carried out at voltage variations of 2, 4, 6 and 8 volts. From the results, COD and Colour were observed to be reduced drastically from respective original values before treatment with Fenton’s reagent using electro-chemical method.Keywords--- Advanced oxidation, Electro-fenton, BOD, COD, Colour reduction
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Chu, C. L., T. Hu, S. L. Wu, Y. P. Pu, C. Y. Chung, K. W. K. Yeung, and Paul K. Chu. "Effects of Electro-Fenton Process on Blood Compatibility and Nickel Suppression of NiTi Shape Memory Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.314.
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Electro-Fenton process as a modified Fenton’s oxidation method in waster water treatment can provide a stable hydroxyl radical (·OH) source by continuous reaction of electrochemically generated H2O2 with Fe2+ ions for surface oxidation modification of NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA). In this work, effects of electro-Fenton process on blood compatibility and nickel suppression of NiTi SMA were investigated by SEM and XPS, inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS), hemolysis analysis and blood platelet adhesion test. It is found that electro-Fenton process is a notably effective way to impede out-diffusion of Ni from NiTi SMA in simulated body fluids during the entire ten week immersion period. It can also improve the hemolysis resistance and thromboresistance of biomedical NiTi SMA. The improvement of blood compatibility and nickel suppression of NiTi SMA can be attributed to the formation of surface titania film with a Ni-free zone near its top surface by electro-Fenton process.
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Pozza, Anna da, Paola Ferrantelli, Carlo Merli, and Elisabetta Petrucci. "Oxidation efficiency in the electro-Fenton process." Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 35, no. 4 (April 2005): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10800-005-0801-1.
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Elaoud, Sourour Chaâbane, Marco Panizza, Giacomo Cerisola, and Tahar Mhiri. "Coumaric acid degradation by electro-Fenton process." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 667 (February 2012): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.12.013.
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Hurtado, Lourdes, Deysi Amado-Piña, Gabriela Roa-Morales, Ever Peralta-Reyes, Eduardo Martin del Campo, and Reyna Natividad. "Comparison of AOPs Efficiencies on Phenolic Compounds Degradation." Journal of Chemistry 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4108587.
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In this work, a comparison of the performances of different AOPs in the phenol and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) degradation at lab and pilot scale is presented. It was found that, in the degradation of phenol, the performance of a coupled electro-oxidation/ozonation process is superior to that observed by a photo-Fenton process. Phenol removal rate was determined to be 0.83 mg L−1 min−1 for the coupled process while the removal rate for photo-Fenton process was only 0.52 mg L−1 min−1. Regarding 4-CP degradation, the complete disappearance of the molecule was achieved and the efficiency decreasing order was as follows: coupled electro-oxidation/ozonation > electro-Fenton-like process > photo-Fenton process > heterogeneous photocatalysis. Total organic carbon was completely removed by the coupled electro-oxidation/ozonation process. Also, it was found that oxalic acid is the most recalcitrant by-product and limits the mineralization degree attained by the technologies not applying ozone. In addition, an analysis on the energy consumption per removed gram of TOC was conducted and it was concluded that the less energy consumption is achieved by the coupled electro-oxidation/ozonation process.
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Fernández de Dios, Maria Ángeles, Olaia Iglesias, Marta Pazos, and Maria Ángeles Sanromán. "Application of Electro-Fenton Technology to Remediation of Polluted Effluents by Self-Sustaining Process." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/801870.
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The applicability of electro-Fenton technology to remediation of wastewater contaminated by several organic pollutants such as dyes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons has been evaluated using iron-enriched zeolite as heterogeneous catalyst. The electro-Fenton technology is an advanced oxidation process that is efficient for the degradation of organic pollutants, but it suffers from the high operating costs due to the need for power investment. For this reason, in this study microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were designed in order to supply electricity to electro-Fenton processes and to achieve high treatment efficiency at low cost. Initially, the effect of key parameters on the MFC power generation was evaluated. Afterwards, the degradation of Reactive Black 5 dye and phenanthrene was evaluated in an electro-Fenton reactor, containing iron-enriched zeolite as catalyst, using the electricity supplied by the MFC. Near complete dye decolourization and 78% of phenanthrene degradation were reached after 90 min and 30 h, respectively. Furthermore, preliminary reusability tests of the developed catalyst showed high degradation levels for successive cycles. The results permit concluding that the integrated system is adequate to achieve high treatment efficiency with low electrical consumption.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electro-Fenton process"
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Le, Thi Xuan Huong. "Carbon felt modifications for electro-Fenton process towards zero energy depollution." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT204/document.
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Ce manuscrit de thèse est consacré à la modification de feutres de carbone pour la préparation de matériaux d’électrodes hautement performants pour le procédé électro-Fenton (EF), appliqué aux traitements des eaux chargées en polluants bioréfractaires. Dans un premier temps, des feutres de carbone commerciaux (CF) ont été mis en œuvre pour optimiser l'élimination de colorants (Acide Orange) et de produits pharmaceutiques (Paracétamol). Les chemins réactionnels conduisant à la minéralisation de ces polluants bioréfractaires ont été élucidés et la toxicité des sous-produits identifiés a été déterminée à différents temps d’électrolyse. Dans la suite du travail, une nouvelle cathode a été préparée par dépôt électrochimique d'oxyde de graphène réduit (rGO) sur la surface des feutres de carbone commerciaux. Divers moyens de réduction ont été étudiés et les propriétés structurales et texturales de l'électrode modifiée ont été déterminées par microscope électronique à balayage, diffraction des rayons X, Spectrométrie photoélectronique X, BET et mesure d'angle de contact. La cathode élaborée présente une bonne stabilité et une grande efficacité de traitement lorsqu'elle est appliquée pour décomposer l’Acide Orange 7 (AO7), la molécule de colorant azoïque modèle choisie. Dans une dernière partie du travail, nous avons proposé un système original de traitement électrochimique de type EF à base d’une pile à glucose. Dans ce système, l’énergie nécessaire est fournie par l’oxydation du glucose à l’anode, sur feutre de carbone décoré de nanoparticules d’or alors que la cathode est constituée du feutre modifié par un carbone microporeux dopé en azote présentant des propriétés d’électrocatalyse compatibles à la réduction de l’oxygène en peroxyde d’hydrogène dans la cellule de type pile à combustible. Le manuscrit présente la synthèse et la caractérisation de ces deux électrodes. L’originalité du travail réside en la quantité particulièrement faible d’or nécessaire à l’anode et au potentiel de réduction de l’oxygène particulièrement haut obtenus sur les carbones microporeux dopés à l’azote. Les propriétés catalytiques de l'anode et de la cathode ont induit une densité de courant de sortie stable (360,3 ± 51,5 mA.m-2 à 400 ± 50 mV) et maintenue à long terme. En conséquence, 90% de la concentration initiale du polluant (AO7) a été éliminée après une dégradation prolongée de 10 h. La puissance de la cellule est faible (170 mW.m-2) mais constante au moins pendant deux mois. Cette première preuve de concept d'un système abiotique de type pile à combustible - Fenton a démontré une efficacité élevée vis-à-vis de la dégradation des polluants bioréfractaires avec un énorme potentiel dans les domaines liés à l'énergie et la protection de l’environnementThis thesis manuscript presented the modification and application of carbon felt material for wastewater treatment accommodating biorefractory pollutants by electro-Fenton (EF) process. First of all, the optimal condition of EF treatment for dye/pharmaceuticals removal using commercial carbon felt (CF) was investigated. From that, the degradation pathways in the relationship with the toxicity of their by-products were built and proposed. Concerning the modification for commercial CF, a new cathode was set up by electrochemical deposition of reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) on the surface of CF via various reduction ways. The structure property of modified electrode was investigated by SEM, XRD, XPS, BET and contact angle measurement. The new cathode exhibited good stability and high treatment efficiency when it was applied to decompose Acid Orange 7 (AO7), a model azo dye molecule. The EF treatment was also developed further by contributing a new Fuel-cell Fenton system without any external power supply. In this approach, AO7 was continuously chosen to degrade by electro-Fenton process at a designed cathode (Carbon Felt (CF)/porous Carbon (pC)) supplied by direct clean electrical energy from abiotic glucose oxidation at a CF/gold anode (CF@Au). The catalytic properties of both anode and cathode induced a stable output current density of 360.3 ± 51.5 mA m−2 at 400 ± 50 mV, maintained for long-term period. As a consequence, 90 % of the initial concentration of the pollutant, identified by HPLC analysis, was eliminated upon extended EF degradation for 10 h, and the cell power output of 170 mW m-2 was stable at least for two months. Hence, this first proof of concept of an abiotic Fuel cell – Fenton system demonstrated a high efficiency towards pollutant degradation with a huge potential in both energy-related areas and environmental protection
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Ganzenko, Oleksandra. "Bio-electro-Fenton : optimization of electrochemical advanced oxidation process in the perspective of its combination to a biological process for the removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1196/document.
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La pollution des ressources en eau est un des défis importants auquel les Hommes doivent faire face. En particulier, de nouvelles solutions doivent émerger, puisque les techniques conventionnelles de traitement utilisées actuellement ne permettent pas une élimination efficace des divers polluants. Parmi les polluants émergents, les composés pharmaceutiques ont récemment été détectés dans différentes sources d'eau à travers le monde. Leurs effets indésirables sur l'environnement naturel et sur l'Homme ont déjà été reconnus mais doivent encore être éclaircis. De nombreux nouveaux procédés de traitement de l'eau apparaissent. En particulier, le procédé électro-Fenton a démontré sa capacité à éliminer les pharmaceutiques et autres contaminants persistants. Ce procédé est basé sur la génération in-situ d'une espèce oxydante très puissante, les radicaux hydroxyles (OH), qui permettent la dégradation non-sélective des polluants. Cependant, cela nécessite l'utilisation d'une quantité d'énergie importante, relativement coûteuse. Une solution viable est de coupler le procédé électro-Fenton avec un procédé biologique. En effet, l'utilisation de ce dernier est beaucoup plus économique, mais il possède une efficacité limitée envers les polluants persistants tels que les pharmaceutiques. Ainsi, le procédé hybride bio-électro-Fenton apparaît comme un bon compromis entre le coût et l'efficacité. Le but de cette thèse de doctorat a donc été d'optimiser le procédé électro-Fenton dans l'optique de le coupler avec un procédé biologique, afin d'éliminer les pharmaceutiques. Les principaux objectifs de cette étude reposent sur l'étude de l'influence des paramètres opératoires utilisés au cours du procédé électro-Fenton sur (a) la dégradation des pharmaceutiques ; (b) la minéralisation de la matière organique ; (c) l'évolution de la biodégradabilité; (d) la consommation énergétique. Cette thèse est composée de trois parties, au cours desquelles la complexité des solutions traitées a progressivement augmentée. Premièrement, une étude a été menée sur des solutions de produits pharmaceutiques seuls afin de mieux comprendre les mécanismes impliqués au cours de leur dégradation. La seconde partie porte sur l'étude expérimentale d'une solution synthétique composée d'un mélange de 13 pharmaceutiques. La dernière étape a consisté à mettre en place un procédé bio-électro-Fenton pour le traitement d'un effluent pharmaceutique réel. Cette démarche progressive a permis de mieux comprendre l'influence des paramètres opératoires utilisés au cours du procédé électro-Fenton. Les principaux résultats obtenus sont notamment l'optimisation de deux paramètres opératoires important : la concentration du catalyseur (Fe2+) et l'intensité du courant. L'influence de ces paramètres s'est révélée similaires au cours du traitement de tous les types de solution testée. Il a donc été possible de conclure que les valeurs optimales sont une concentration en Fe2+ de 0,2 mM et une intensité entre 100 et 500 mA. L'efficacité d'élimination des pharmaceutiques a été plus importante en utilisant des intensités plus faibles (100-300 mA). Cependant, la biodégradabilité de l'effluent, un paramètre important dans l'optique du post-traitement biologique, a été d'avantage augmentée en utilisant des intensités élevées (500-1000 mA). Par ailleurs, l'utilisation d'intensités élevées a aussi mené à augmenter la consommation énergétique, en particulier dans le cas de temps de traitement longs. Il apparaît donc évident qu'un compromis entre efficacité et consommation énergétique doit être trouvé pour chaque cas particulier et effluent à traiter. Pour conclure, les avancées de cette recherche sont principalement attribuées à la nouveauté de la combinaison bio-électro-Fenton. L'étude de l'influence des paramètres opératoires du procédé électro-Fenton a aussi permis d'améliorer la compréhension de cette nouvelle technique et contribue à son développement vers une application industrielleWater pollution is one of the biggest challenges that humanity faces and combating it requires the development of treatment processes, as conventional methods used nowadays are no longer effective for the removal of various complex pollutants. Recently pharmaceuticals have been recognized to be contaminants of emerging environmental concern as their traces were detected in a spectrum of water bodies around the globe. The long term effects of their presence in a natural environment are not yet fully studied, but the potential outcomes can be detrimental to a sustainable future. Among the variety of currently rising treatment technologies, the electro-Fenton method, an electrochemical advanced oxidation process, has demonstrated an ability to eliminate pharmaceuticals as well as other types of persistent contaminants. This electrocatalytical process generates in situ strong oxidants species - hydroxyl radical (OH) - which non-selectively degrade organic pollutants. Due to the extensive cost in the application of electrical energy, its operation might be cost-prohibitive. A solution would be to combine it with biological processes which are more economically viable, but also less effective in the removal of pharmaceuticals. The combined process is expected to have a synergetic effect between cost and effectiveness. The goal of this PhD thesis is to optimize operating conditions of the electro-Fenton process for a feasible combination with a biological process as a means of treating pharmaceutical pollution. The main objectives addressed by this work are related to the influence of operating parameters of the electro-Fenton process on (a) removal of pharmaceuticals; (b) mineralization of organic matter; (c) enhancement of biodegradability; (d) energy consumption. The thesis has three distinct parts related to the type of treated aqueous solution. First, a mechanistic study was conducted on aqueous solutions of individual pharmaceuticals in order to understand general trends of their removal. Next, a series of experiments was carried out on a synthetic mixture of thirteen pharmaceuticals from different therapeutic classes. Lastly, laboratory bench-scale reactors of a combined bio-electro-Fenton process were operated for the treatment of real wastewater. The advance in the complexity of the treated solution allowed a comprehensive comparison and analysis of the influence of the operating parameters. The main results include the optimal values of two operating parameters: the catalyst (Fe2+) concentration and the applied current intensity for a given electro-Fenton setup. The effects of the operating parameters on the removal of pharmaceuticals and other organic matter were similar regardless of the treated solution. The optimal value for the Fe2+ concentration was concluded to be around 0.2 mM. The optimal current intensity was in the range 100-500 mA. The efficiency of the current in terms of the pharmaceuticals' removal was the highest with the lowest intensity (100-300 mA). At the same time the biodegradability, which was an important factor in the biological post-treatment process, improved with higher intensities of electric current (500-1000 mA). However, high current intensities resulted in an elevated energy consumption, particularly with a prolonged treatment time. A tradeoff would have to be consequently made between energy saving and the removal rates that should be found in any single case. The novelty of the research presented in this PhD thesis is firstly attributed to the novelty of the combination of electro-Fenton to a biological process. A detailed study of the influence of operating parameters of the electro-Fenton process on removal rates and biodegradability enhancement contributed not only to the general knowledge on the electro-Fenton process, but also to the advancement towards its upscaling and then further towards the industrial application of this technique
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Monteil, Hélène. "Development and implementation of the Bio-electro-Fenton process : application to the removal of pharmaceuticals from water A review on efficiency and cost effectiveness of electro- and bio-electro-Fenton processes: application to the treatment of pharmaceutical pollutants in water. Efficient removal of diuretic hydrochlorothiazide from water by electro-Fenton process using BDD anode: a kinetic and degradation pathway study Electro-Fenton treatment of the widely used analgesic tramadol using BDD anode: a kinetic, energetic and degradation pathway study Efficiency of a new pilot scale continuous reactor for wastewater treatment by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes: influence of operating conditions and focus on hydrodynamics Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes combined with a biological treatment for wastewater treatment: a deep understanding on the influence of operating conditions and global efficiency." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2045.
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Les procédés électrochimiques d'oxydation avancée constituent une technologie efficace pour traiter les produits pharmaceutiques car ils permettent la formation d'oxydants puissants tels que les radicaux hydroxyles capables d'éliminer presque tout type de contaminants organiques grâce à leur très haut pouvoir oxydant. Parmi eux, l’électro-Fenton et l’oxydation anodique sont des méthodes respectueuses de l'environnement car ils n'utilisent aucun réactif chimique (oxydation anodique) ou uniquement l'oxygène de l'air et des ions fer en tant que catalyseur (électro-Fenton).Dans cette thèse, quatre produits pharmaceutiques appartenant à des familles différentes ont été sélectionnés en fonction de leur toxicité et de leur présence dans les eaux de l'environnement. Leur élimination de l'eau a été effectuée par électro-Fenton. Les objectifs de ce travail étaient de déterminer (i) les meilleures conditions opératoires à l’échelle du laboratoire (courant et concentration du catalyseur), (ii) la cinétique de dégradation et de minéralisation et enfin (iii) de proposer une voie de minéralisation basée sur des intermédiaires aromatiques, des acides carboxyliques et des ions libérés dans la solution.Comme ces traitements ont été appliqués avec succès, un réacteur pilote composé alternativement d'anodes en BDD et de cathodes en feutre de carbone, doté d’un système d'aération et fonctionnant en mode continu a été construit pour évaluer la faisabilité d’un changement d’échelle et se diriger vers une pré-industrialisation du procédé. Différentes configurations d'électrodes ont été testées. Le débit et le courant se sont avérés être plus influents sur le taux de minéralisation et sur la consommation d'énergie, respectivement. Pour mieux comprendre le rôle du débit et des configurations, une étude hydrodynamique a été réalisée. Le modèle hydrodynamique a été associé à un modèle cinétique de minéralisation afin d'obtenir un modèle permettant de prédire le pourcentage de minéralisation à différentes positions à l'intérieur du réacteur en régime permanent. Ainsi, ce modèle peut aider à optimiser les conditions opératoires et à dimensionner les futurs réacteurs en fonction de l’objectif de minéralisation du traitement (taux de minéralisation élevé, traitement combiné, flux élevé,…).Afin de réduire les coûts opératoires, la combinaison d’un procédé électrochimique et d’un traitement biologique a ensuite été étudiée. Afin d’obtenir un traitement combiné efficace, il a été constaté que le traitement électrochimique devait (i) dégrader l'hydrochlorothiazide (ii) réduire de manière significative la concentration de ses intermédiaires aromatiques car ils inhibent de manière significative l'activité bactérienne, (iii) favoriser la formation de molécules biodégradables telles que les acides carboxyliques. La biodégradation de quatre acides carboxyliques formés lors du traitement par électro-Fenton de l'hydrochlorothiazide a également été étudiée. Il a été démontré qu'ils étaient dégradés de manière séquentielle avec différentes phases de latence et cinétiques de dégradation. Ainsi, pour les minéraliser, un réacteur de type «piston» est recommandé. La combinaison de traitement a ensuite été appliquée à un traitement électrochimique effectué à faible courant avec une anode en BDD et une anode en Platine. Un degré de minéralisation de 38 et 50% a été obtenu par le traitement biologique permettant d'atteindre un taux de minéralisation global de 66 et 85% avec les anodes en BDD et Platine respectivement. Ainsi, cette combinaison de traitement a été un succès, un changement d’échelle du procédé peut alors être envisagéElectrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) constitute an efficient technology to treat the pharmaceuticals as they allow the formation of strong oxidants such as hydroxyl radicals able to remove nearly any type of organic contaminants thanks to their very high oxidation power. Among them the electro-Fenton and anodic oxidation processes are environmentally friendly methods as they use no chemical reagent (anodic oxidation) or only oxygen of air and iron ions as a catalyst (electro-Fenton).In this thesis, four pharmaceuticals from different families and structures were selected based on their toxicity and their occurrence in environmental waters and their removal from water was performed by EAOPs. The objectives of this work were to determine the best operating conditions at lab scale (current and catalyst concentration), investigate the kinetic of degradation and mineralization and finally propose a mineralization pathway based on aromatic intermediates, carboxylic acids and ions released to the solution.As these treatments were successfully applied, a lab scale pilot reactor composed alternately of BDD anodes and carbon felt cathodes with a bottom aeration system and working in the continuous mode was built to scale-up these processes in order to pre-industrialize them. Different configurations of electrodes were tested. The flow rate and the current were found to be more influent on the mineralization rate and on the energy consumption, respectively. To deeper understand the role of the flow rate and the configurations a hydrodynamic study was performed. The hydrodynamic results were gathered with a kinetic model for the mineralization to obtain a model predicting the percentage of mineralization at different position inside the reactor during the steady state. Thus, this model can help to optimize the operating conditions and to size future reactors depending on the mineralization objective of the treatment (high mineralization rate, combined treatment, high flow, …).To reduce operating cost, the combination of an electrochemical process and a biological treatment was then investigated. In this frame, it was found that electrochemical treatment can (i) degrade the hydrochlorothiazide (ii) reduce significantly the concentration of its aromatic intermediates as they were shown to significantly inhibit the bacterial activity, (iii) promote the formation of biodegradable molecules such as carboxylic acids. The biodegradation of four carboxylic acids formed during the electro-Fenton treatment of the hydrochlorothiazide at lab scale was also studied. It was demonstrated that they were sequentially degraded with different lag phases and kinetics of degradation. Thus to mineralize them, a “plug flow” type reactor is recommended. The combination of treatment was then applied with an electrochemical treatment performed at low current with a BDD anode and a Platine anode. A mineralization degree of 38% and 50% were obtained by the biological treatment enabling to globally reach a mineralization rate of 66% and 85% with the BDD and the Platine anodes respectively. Thus this combined treatment was successful and open the way for the scale-up of these processes
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El, Ghenymy Abdellatif. "Mineralización de fármacos sulfamidas por métodos electroquímicos de oxidación avanzada." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/131942.
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Esta tesis doctoral versa sobre el tratamiento de aguas contaminadas con fármacos sulfamidas como el ácido sulfanílico (SA), la sulfanilamida (SNM) y la sulfametazina (SMZ). Estos compuestos se han degradado en una disolución sintética ácida mediante diversos procesos electroquímicos de oxidación avanzada (EAOPs) tales como la oxidación anódica (AO) en celda dividida y no dividida y los procesos electro-Fenton (EF), fotoelectro-Fenton UVA (PEF) y fotoelectro-Fenton solar (SPEF). En AO se ha usado un ánodo de diamante dopado con boro (BDD) y un cátodo de acero inoxidable en celdas de 100 mL, mientras que en EF, PEF y SPEF se ha utilizado un ánodo de BDD o de Pt y un cátodo de difusión de aire (ADE) o de fieltro de carbón en una celda de 100 o 230 mL. Se ensayó el efecto de variables experimentales como la intensidad de corriente, la concentración del fármaco y del catalizador de Fe2+ y el pH sobre la cinética de mineralización del SA, SNM y SMZ. Los procesos de AO en celda dividida y de PEF operando entre 50 y 450 mA conducían a una mineralización total con una reducción del carbono orgánico total (TOC) superior al 98%. El aumento de la intensidad siempre daba lugar a una mayor velocidad de mineralización debido a la mayor producción de radicales hidroxilo (●OH) vía oxidación del agua en AO, junto a la acción sinérgica del ●OH formado por la reacción de Fenton y de la luz UVA en PEF. También se consiguió una mineralización total para disoluciones concentradas hasta 2530 mg L-1 de SA, 2390 mg L-1 de SNM y 1930 mg L-1 de SMZ, tardando más tiempo aquellas con mayor contenido de sustrato. La cinética de desaparición del sustrato siempre obedecía una reacción de pseudo-primer orden. Se siguió la evolución con el tiempo de electrólisis de la hidroquinona, la p-benzoquinona y los ácidos oxálico y oxámico para el SA, y del catecol, resorcinol, hidroquinona, p-benzoquinona, 1,2,4- trihidroxibenceno y los àcidos maleico, fumárico, acético, oxálico, fórmico y oxámico para la SNM mediante HPLC. Para la SMZ, se detectaron la 4,6-dimetil-2-pirimidinamina, el catecol, el resorcinol, la hidroquinona y la p-benzoquinona por GCMS, y los ácidos maleico, fumárico, acético, fórmico, oxálico y oxámico por HPLC. Se confirmó que el N inicial se convertía principalmente en ion NH4 + y en mucha menor proporción en ion NO3-. A partir de estos resultados, se ha propuesto un camino de reacción plausible para la mineralización de cada compuesto por los EAOPs ensayados. Además, se evaluó la toxicidad de la disolución a partir de la inhibición de la luminiscencia de las bacterias Vibrio fischeri en EF. La toxicidad adquirió su valor máximo a cortos tiempos de electrólisis cuando se producían los productos aromáticos más tóxicos, pero la disolución se desintoxicó totalmente al final del tratamiento, independientemente del ánodo utilizado. En vista de los excelentes resultados encontrados para el PEF, el estudio de la degradación del SA se amplió a una planta pre-piloto solar de 2,5 L como un primer paso de la aplicación del proceso de SPEF a nivel industrial. El reactor era de Pt/ADE y se probó comparativamente el tratamiento de EF para clarificar la acción sinérgica de la luz solar. Ambos procesos se optimizaron mediante la aplicación de un diseño central compuesto acoplado con metodología de superficie de respuesta. Se obtuvo que las variables óptimas eran 100 mA cm-2, 0,5 mM de Fe2+ y pH 4,0. Se encontraron resultados similares para la SNM usando la misma planta pre-piloto. El proceso de SPEF permitió una mineralización del 94%, de forma más rápida a medida que la densidad de corriente aumentaba de 50 a 150 mA cm-2, mientras que las degradaciones comparables por EF dieron menor descontaminación.This doctoral thesis is devoted to the degradation of sulfanilic acid (SA) and sulfa drugs as sulfanilamide (SNM) and sulfamethazine (SMZ) in acidic aqueous medium using electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) like anodic oxidation (AO) in divided and undivided cells and electro-Fenton (EF), UVA photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) and solar photoelectro-Fenton (SPEF). AO experiments were made in 100 mL cells with a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and a stainless steel cathode, whereas in EF, PEF and SPEF, the cell of 100 or 230 mL was equipped with a BDD or Pt anode and an airdiffusion (ADE) or carbon-felt cathode. The AO process in divided cell and PEF between 50 and 450 mA gave total mineralization with > 98% total organic carbon reduction. Increasing current always accelerated the mineralization due to the higher production of ●OH via wáter oxidation in AO, along with ●OH formed from Fenton’s reaction and UVA action in PEF. Total mineralization was achieved up to 2530 mg L-1 SA, 2390 mg L-1 SNM and 1930 mg L-1 SMZ. The substrate decay always obeyed a pseudo-first-order kinetics. HPLC allowed detecting intermediates like hydroquinone, p-benzoquinone and oxalic and oxamic acids for SA, and catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, p-benzoquinone, 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene and fumaric, maleic, acetic, oxalic and formic acids for SNM. In the case of SMZ, 4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinamine and catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone and p-benzoquinone were detected by GC-MS and mainly oxalic and oxamic acids by HPLC. The initial N was lost mainly as NH4+ ion and, in lesser proportion, as NO3- ion. These results allowed the proposal of a reaction sequence for each compound by the EAOPs tested. The study of SA degradation was further extended to a solar pre-pilot plant of 2.5 L with a Pt/ADE reactor as a first step of the application of SPEF to industrial level. The EF and SPEF processes were optimized by means of response surface methodology, yielding 100 mA cm-2, 0.5 mM Fe2+ and pH 4.0 as best variables. Similar results were found for SNM using the same pre-pilot plant. The SPEF process allowed 94% mineralization, more rapidly when current density rose from 50 and 150 mA cm-2, while the comparative EF process yielded lower decontamination.
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Mansour, Dorsaf. "Minéralisation des antibiotiques par procédé électro-Fenton et par procédé combiné électro-Fenton : traitement biologique : application à la dépollution des effluents industriels." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S013/document.
Full textAbstract:
La présence des antibiotiques à usage humain et vétérinaire dans l’écosystème aquatique, est devenue un problème écologique sérieux. En effet, ces substances résistent aux traitements des stations d’épuration, ce qui engendre leur introduction et accumulation dans l’environnement. Par conséquent, le développement de méthodes efficaces pour le traitement de ces polluants est nécessaire. La première partie de ce travail de thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre de la dégradation des antibiotiques par procédé électro-Fenton. Ce procédé consiste à produire in situ des espèces fortement oxydantes, les radicaux hydroxyle, permettant la dégradation totale des composés organiques persistants. La sulfaméthazine (SMT) et le triméthoprime (TMP) ont été choisis comme composés modèles, en raison de leur détection régulière dans les effluents des stations d’épuration, les eaux de surface et les eaux souterraines. Dans cette première partie, nous avons examiné l’influence de différents paramètres expérimentaux, sur l’efficacité du procédé électro-Fenton. Les conditions opératoires optimales nécessaires pour la dégradation totale des deux antibiotiques étudiés, ont été également déterminées. En outre, les produits intermédiaires aromatiques générés lors de la dégradation des deux antibiotiques, ont été identifiés. Leur évolution durant l’électrolyse a été également suivie. La deuxième partie est consacrée à l’étude de la minéralisation de la SMT et du TMP par procédé électro-Fenton. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que les taux de minéralisation de la SMT et du TMP sont respectivement de 91 et 85% après dix-huit heures de traitement. Les acides carboxyliques formés, ainsi que les ions inorganiques libérés ont été identifiés, leur évolution a été suivie au cours du traitement. De plus, en se basant sur les différents sous-produits générés, nous avons proposé des mécanismes réactionnels pour la minéralisation de la SMT et du TMP par procédé électro-Fenton. La troisième partie de ce travail porte sur l’étude de la minéralisation des deux antibiotiques considérés par couplage du procédé électro-Fenton et d’un traitement biologique. La SMT et le TMP, ont été prétraités par procédé électro-Fenton, ce qui a conduit à leur dégradation totale, avec des taux de minéralisation faibles. Par la suite, un traitement biologique a été effectué durant 20 jours, les taux globaux de minéralisation ont alors augmenté pour atteindre 81 et 68% pour respectivement la SMT et le TMP. Dans une dernière partie, nous avons procédé à la minéralisation de deux effluents industriels, contenant les antibiotiques étudiés, par couplage du procédé électro-Fenton et d’un traitement biologique. Les taux de minéralisation globaux obtenus sont de 81 et 89% pour respectivement l’effluent SMT et l’effluent TMP. Ce qui prouve la pertinence du procédé combiné, pour le traitement des effluents industrielsThe occurrence of human and veterinary antibiotics in the aquatic ecosystem becomes a serious environmental problem. These compounds cannot be treated by wastewater treatment plants, resulting in their entry and accumulation to measurable levels in the environment. Over the last decade, the conventional biological processes were used for wastewater treatment, but did not appear to be enough effective when dealing with wastes containing antibiotics, owing to the important recalcitrance of these compounds. Therefore, the development of efficient methods to treat antibiotics is needed. The first part of this thesis is focused on the degradation of antibiotics by electro-Fenton process. This process consists in producing in situ strongly oxidizing species, hydroxyl radicals, allowing the total degradation of persistent and toxic organic compounds. Sulfamethazine (SMT) and trimethoprim (TMP) were selected as model compounds, because of their regular detection in the effluents of sewage plants, surface water and groundwater. In this first part, we examined the influence of various operating parameters, on the efficiency of electro-Fenton process. The optimal operating conditions necessary for the removal of the studied antibiotics, were also determined. Moreover, the aromatic intermediate products, generated during antibiotics degradation, were identified. Their evolution during electrolysis was also followed. The second part is devoted to the study of mineralization, of SMT and TMP, by the electro-Fenton process. The obtained results indicate that the yields of SMT and TMP mineralization were 91 and 85%, respectively after eighteen hours of treatment. The identification and monitoring of short chain carboxylic acids and released inorganic ions during the treatment, were carried out. Furthermore, based on the identified by-products, we proposed a plausible mineralization reaction pathway for SMT and TMP. The third part of this work concerns the study of the mineralization of considered antibiotics by a combined process coupling an electro-Fenton pretreatment and a biological degradation. SMT and TMP were pretreated by the electro-Fenton process, which led to their total degradation, with low levels of mineralization, ensuring significant residual organic content for a subsequent biological treatment. Afterwards, biological treatment was performed during 20 days and showed that the level of overall mineralization increased to reach 81 and 68% for SMT and TMP, respectively. In a last part, we carried out the mineralization of two industrial effluents containing SMT and TMP, by combining electro-Fenton and activated sludge treatment. Overall mineralization yields of the combined process of 81 and 89% were obtained for SMT effluent and TMP effluent, respectively. This result confirms the relevance of combined process, even for the treatment of industrial effluents
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Barros, Willyam Róger Padilha. "Degradação eletroquímica dos corantes alimentícios amaranto e tartrazina utilizando H2O2 eletrogerado in situ em eletrodo de difusão gasosa (EDG) modificado com ftalocianina de cobalto (II) e cobre (II)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75135/tde-29012015-104846/.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho descreve o estudo da geração eletroquímica do H2O2 em eletrólito ácido (H2SO4 (0,1 mol L-1) + K2SO4 (0,1 mol L-1)) e eletrólito alcalino (KOH 1,0 mol L-1) utilizando eletrodo de difusão gasosa (EDG), sendo este fabricado com carbono Printex 6L e modificado com 3,0; 5,0 e 10,0% de ftalocianina de cobalto (II) ou cobre (II). Os experimentos foram realizados em uma célula eletroquímica de compartimento único contendo eletrodo de referência Ag/AgCl, contra eletrodo de Pt e como eletrodo de trabalho foi utilizado o EDG. Nos testes de eletrólise a potencial constante (-0,4 V ≤ E ≤ -1,4 V) durante 90 minutos com O2 pressurizado a 0,2 Bar, a concentração de H2O2 alcançou valor máximo de 178 mg L-1 a - 1,0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) para o EDG não modificado em eletrólito ácido e em eletrólito alcalino, o valor máximo foi de 3.370 mg L-1 a -1,1 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Quando incorporada a porcentagem de 5,0% de ftalocianina de cobalto (II) à massa do EGD verificou-se que a concentração de H2O2 alcança valor máximo em 331 mg L-1 a -0,7 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), o que representa um aumento de 86,0% no rendimento da produção de H2O2 em meio ácido, além de uma diminuição de 300 mV no potencial aplicado para formação da espécie oxidante. Para o estudo da degradação eletroquímica foram utilizados os corantes amaranto e tartrazina com concentração de 100 mg L-1. Para o estudo do processo eletro-Fenton homogêneo foram utilizados 0,05; 0,1 e 0,15 mmol de Fe2+ ou Fe3+ e para o processo eletro-Fenton heterogêneo em meio alcalino foi utilizado 0,15 mmol das nanopartículas do tipo Fe3-xCuxO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0,25). As eletrólises foram realizadas a potencial constante em -0,7 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) no EDG modificado com 5,0% de ftalocianina de cobalto (II) sob fluxo constante de O2 durante 90 minutos no processo eletro-Fenton homogêneo enquanto no processo eletro-Fenton heterogêneo o EDG não modificado foi utilizado e as eletrólises foram realizadas a -1,1 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Todos os ensaios eletroquímicos foram realizados em um potenciostato PGSTAT- 302 acoplado a um com módulo de alta corrente BSTR-10A e controlado por meio do software GPES (Metrohm Autolab). As nanopartículas Fe3-xCuxO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0,25) foram caracterizadas por Análise de Ativação de Neutrons (AAN), DRX, BET, XPS e MET. As amostras dos corantes foram analisadas por espectrofotometria UV/Vis, cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) e teor de carbono orgânico total (COT). Em termos de descoloração, houve uma pequena diminuição no espectro dos corantes quando utilizado H2O2 eletrogerado em meio ácido o que não ocorre na degradação quando utilizado o processo eletro-Fenton homogêneo sendo mais evidente quando utilizado Fe2+, alcançando uma descoloração máxima de 80,0 e 99,2% respectivamente para os corantes amaranto e tartrazina. O decaimento da concentração por CLAE foi bastante eficiente quando utilizado o processo eletro-Fenton, com melhores resultados para Fe2+ e Fe3-xCuxO4 (x= 0,25) sendo a cinética dos processos de pseudo-primeira ordem. Foram identificados os subprodutos formados durante a degradação dos corantes durante o processo eletro-Fenton homogêneo. Os maiores valores de remoção de COT (67,3%) e consumo energético (CE) (370 kwh kg-1 foram obtidos para o processo utilizando íons Fe2+ e as nanopartículas Fe3-xCuxO4 (x=0,25) respectivamente para o corante amaranto. Os valores da concentração de ferro residual solúvel estão dentro do limite permitido segundo a Resolução CONAMA nº 430/2011. Para o processo eletro-Fenton heterogêneo, a concentração de H2O2 residual e consumida diminuiu e aumentou respectivamente com o aumento do valor de \"x\" na espinela da Fe3-xCuxO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0,25).This work describes the electrogeneration of H2O2 study in acidic medium (H2SO4 (0.1 mol L-1) + K2SO4 (0.1 mol L-1)) and alkaline medium (KOH 1.0 mol L-1) using gas diffusion electrode (GDE), being these GDE manufactured with the Printex 6L carbon and modified with percentages of 3.0, 5.0 and 10.0% of cobalt (II) phthalocyanine or copper (II) phthalocyanine. The experiments were performed in an electrochemical cell single compartment containing the reference electrode Ag/AgCl, platinum counter electrode and the working electrode was used the GDE. In tests electrolysis at constant potential (-0.4 V ≤ E ≤ - 1.4 V) for 90 minutes pressurized with O2 at 0.2 Bar, H2O2 concentration reached a maximum value at 178 mg L-1 to -1.0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) for GDE unmodified in acid electrolyte and alkaline electrolyte, the maximum value was 3,370 mg L-1 at potential -1.1 V (vs. Ag/AgCl).When incorporated percentage of 5.0% of cobalt (II) phthalocyanine to mass GDE, it is verified that the concentration of H2O2 reaches maximum value at 331 mg L-1 at -0.7 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), which represents increase in yield of 86.0% relative to Printex 6L carbon in acidic medium, addition to a decrease of 300 mV at potential applied to the formation of oxidizing species. To study the electrochemical degradation were amaranth and tartrazine dyes with concentration of 100 mg L-1. To study the homogeneous electro-Fenton process were used 0.05; 0.1 e 0.15 mmol de Fe2+ or Fe3+ and to heterogeneous electro-Fenton process in alkaline medium was used 0.15 mmol of Fe3-xCuxO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) nanoparticles. The electrolysis were performed at constant potential -0.7 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in the GDE modified with 5.0% of cobalt (II) phthalocyanine under constant flow of O2 for 90 minutes in the homogeneous electro-Fenton process while in the heterogeneous electro-Fenton process, GDE unmodified was used and the electrolysis were performed at -1.1 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). All electrochemical tests were performed using a potentiostat/galvanostat model PGSTAT 302 coupled to a BSTR-10A current booster and controlled by GPES software (Metrohm Autolab). The Fe3-xCuxO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) nanoparticles were characterized by Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA), XRD, BET, XPS and TEM. The samples of the dyes were analyzed by spectrophotometry UV/Vis, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and total organic carbon (TOC). In terms of discoloration, was a small decrease in the spectrum of the dye when used H2O2 in acidic medium which doesn\'t occur in the degradation when used homogeneous electro-Fenton process being more evident when used Fe2+, reaching a maximum discoloration of 80.0 and 99.2% respectively for amaranth and tartrazine dyes. The decay concentration by HPLC was very efficient when using the electro-Fenton process with better results for Fe2+ and Fe3-xCuxO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) nanoparticles being the kinetics of the process of pseudo-first order. Were identified by-products formed during the degradation of dyes during the homogeneous electro-Fenton process. The higher values of TOC removal (67.3%) and energy consumption (EC) (370 kWh kg-1) were obtained to process using Fe2+ ions and Fe3-xCuxO4 (x= 0.25) nanoparticle respectively for amaranth dye. The values of residual soluble iron concentrations are within the permissible limit according to CONAMA Resolution nº 430/2011. To the heterogeneous electro-Fenton process, the residual and consumed concentration of H2O2 decreased and increased respectively with increasing value of \"x\" in the spinel of Fe3-xCuxO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25).
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Hammami, Samiha. "Étude de dégradation des colorants de textile par les procédés d'oxydation avancée : application à la dépollution des rejets industriels." Phd thesis, Université de Marne la Vallée, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00740155.
Full textAbstract:
Cette étude porte sur l'application de différents procédés d'oxydation avancée, POA (plasma d'air humide, électro-Fenton, photo-Fenton et oxydation anodique avec BDD) pour le traitement des colorants de textile. La particularité de ces procédés tient à la génération dans le milieu d'entités très réactives et très oxydantes, les radicaux hydroxyles *OH qui sont capables d'oxyder n'importe quelle molécule organique jusqu'au stade ultime d'oxydation, c'est-à-dire la minéralisation (transformation en CO2 et H2O). Le plasma d'air humide a été appliqué pour l'oxydation d'un colorant azoïque, l'OD 61. Différents catalyseurs (Fe2+, Fe3+ et TiO2) ont été ajoutés dans leurs conditions optimisées afin d'améliorer les performances du système Glidarc. La combinaison des deux catalyseurs: Fe2+ et TiO2 a permis de décolorer 91% de l'OD 61 au bout de 3 heures et d'atteindre un taux d'abattement du COT de l'ordre de 52% après 10 heures de traitement. La méthodologie de la recherche expérimentale a été appliquée dans ce mémoire afin d'étudier l'influence de: l'intensité du courant, la concentration du colorant et le temps d'électrolyse sur la vitesse de disparition de l'OD 61 et afin de déterminer les conditions optimales de sa minéralisation. Dans les conditions optimales obtenues ([colorant] = 0,53.10-3 mol.L-1, I = 250 mA), le procédé électro-Fenton (EF) permet d'atteindre des taux de minéralisation de l'ordre de 98% dans le cas de l'OD 61 et l'AO 7 et de 88% dans le cas de l'indigo carmine. L'identification des produits intermédiaires au cours de l'électrolyse a permis de proposer un mécanisme de minéralisation de l'AO7. Les constantes cinétiques apparentes et absolues ont été déterminées. La dégradation de l'indigo a été étudiée par oxydation anodique avec BDD (OA-BDD) et par procédé photo-Fenton (PF). Cette étude a montré que l'électrolyse de l'indigo suit une cinétique de pseudo premier ordre et que le taux d'abattement du COT était de l'ordre de 97% et 63% respectivement avec OA-BDD et PF. Une étude comparative pour l'oxydation de l'AO 7 a été menée par trois procédés d'oxydation avancée: PF, OA- BDD et EF-Pt et EF-BDD. Cette étude a montré que le procédé photo-Fenton permet d'atteindre des taux d'abattement supérieurs à 90% après seulement 2 heures de traitement. Toutefois, le PF s'est révélé le plus coûteux suite à l'utilisation de la lumière artificielle UV et l'ajout des réactifs. Par ailleurs, le traitement d'un effluent réel issu de l'industrie de textile par le procédé électro-Fenton avec une anode de platine a permis la minéralisation presque totale du rejet initial (94% du COT initial ont été éliminés).
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Vasconcelos, Vanessa Moura. "Degradação eletroquímica/química dos corantes têxteis Reativo Azul 19 e Reativo Preto 5 utilizando eletrodos de diamante dopado com boro e H2O2 eletrogerado em eletrodo de carbono vítreo reticulado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75135/tde-25112015-092817/.
Full textAbstract:
A problemática envolvendo os efluentes têxteis decorre principalmente da elevada coloração que apresentam, devido à presença de corantes que além de serem quimicamente estáveis, podem ser tóxicos e/ou carcinogênicos. Logo, quando são descartados in natura no meio ambiente causam problemas estéticos e, sobretudo, ambientais mesmo em baixas concentrações, além da possibilidade de serem nocivos à saúde humana e dos animais. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a degradação eletroquímica de dois corantes têxteis, Reativo Azul 19 (RA-19) e o Reativo Preto 5 (RP-5) via Oxidação Anódica (OA), utilizando ânodos de Diamante Dopado com Boro (DDB) suportados em titânio ou em nióbio, via processo Eletro-Fenton (EF) e pela combinação dos processos com H2O2 eletrogerado e OA (CP), usando um eletrodo de Carbono Vítreo Reticulado (CVR) como cátodo. As degradações foram realizadas em célula eletroquímica de um compartimento e em reator de fluxo do tipo filtro-prensa com dois compartimentos. A eficiência das degradações foi monitorada pelas técnicas de espectrofotometria no UV-VIS, Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE) e análise do teor de Carbono Orgânico Total (COT). As variáveis estudadas foram densidade de corrente (10-100 mA cm-2 em célula e 4-41 mA cm-2 em reator), dopagem do eletrodo de DDB/Ti (5.000 e 15.000 ppm B/C), concentração inicial dos íons Fe2+ (0-0,10 mmol L-1) e dos corantes (10-250 mg L-1). As degradações dos corantes apresentaram uma cinética de pseudo ordem zero; exceto quando o corante RP-5 foi degradado pelo processo EF, sendo o melhor ajuste ao modelo de pseudo primeira ordem. Além disso, em iguais condições eletroquímicas o corante RP-5 foi degradado em menor tempo em relação ao RA-19; sendo que em todos os processos estudados os corantes foram totalmente removidos. Considerando a OA em célula com os eletrodos de DDB/Ti, a degradação foi positivamente influenciada pelo aumento da densidade de corrente e dopagem do eletrodo, especialmente em relação a cinética. Além disso, os corantes RA-19 e RP-5 foram completamente removidos em 35 e 50 min de eletrólise quando 100 mA cm-2 foi aplicada ao eletrodo de DDB/Ti dopado com 15.000 ppm relação B/C. Em 2 h, 37% em mineralização foi observado para ambos os corantes e a toxicidade do RA-19 diminuiu contra as bactérias Vibrio fischeri. Ainda nessa condição total mineralização foi alcançada após 8 h de degradação. A remoção de COT foi favorecida utilizando o reator contendo os eletrodos de DDB/Nb e CVR ao invés da célula eletroquímica, chegando a percentuais de 84 e 82% em 30 e 90 min para os corantes RA-19 e RP-5 que foram removidos em 7,5 e 5 min, respectivamente, quando a densidade de 41 mA cm-2 foi aplicada ao DDB/Nb durante a degradação via exclusivamente OA. Entre os processos realizados no reator, o EF foi o energeticamente mais favorável, promovendo remoção em COT de 60 e 74% para os corantes RA-19 e RP-5 com consumo energético de 204 e 208 kWh kg-1, além disso, a completa remoção dos corantes ocorreu em 15 e 7,5 min, respectivamente, quando o eletrólito continha íons Fe2+ na concentração de 0,10 mmol L-1 e aplicando-se -0,4 V vs Ag/AgCl ao eletrodo de CVR. Na degradação os corantes via CP o RA-19 e RP-5 foram completamente removidos em 30 e 15 min com mineralização de 72 e 82% em 90 min associada a consumos energéticos de 562 e 745 kWh kg-1, respectivamente, quando 41 mA cm-2 foi aplicada ao DDB/Nb. Por fim, concluiu-se que os resultados das degradações dos corantes foram promissores, já que rápida remoção dos corantes foi observada, além da parcial mineralização. Logo os processos propostos podem ser aplicados na remoção dos corantes em água; sendo necessários realizar mais estudos, principalmente em relação ao material eletródico e configuração do sistema eletroquímico visando a aplicação industrial.The main problem involving the textile wastewater is theirs high coloration since they present dyes, which are chemically stable and can be toxic and/or carcinogenic. Therefore, when the textile wastewater are discarded in nature in the environment, even in low concentrations, they may cause not only aesthetic and environmental problems, but also can be harmful to human and animal health. In this context, the aim of the study was to evaluate the electrochemical degradation of two textile dyes, Reactive Blue 19 (RB-19) and Black 5 (RB-5) via Anodic Oxidation (AO) using as anodes Boron Doped Diamond electrodes (BDD) supported on titanium or niobium, via Electro-Fenton (EF) process and by combination of processes with electrogenerated H2O2 and AO (CP) using a Reticulated Vitreous Carbon electrode (RVC) as cathode. The degradations assays were carried out in an electrochemical cell with one compartment and in a filter-press flow reactor with two compartments. The efficiency of degradation was monitored by UV-VIS spectrophotometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and analysis of Total Organic Carbon (TOC). The variables studied were current density (10-100 mA cm-2 for cell and 4-41 mA cm-2 for reactor), doping of the BDD/Ti electrodes (5,000 e 15,000 ppm B/C), initial concentration of the Fe2+ ions (0-0,10 mmol L-1) and dyes (10-250 mg L-1). The kinetic results showed that the removal of dyes followed the model of pseudo zero order; except when the RB-5 dye was degraded by EF process, which the best fitted was to pseudo first order model. Furthermore, for equal conditions the RB-5 was degraded in less time in comparison to the RB-19. In addition, the dyes were fully removed in all the processes studied. Regarding the AO in cell with BDD/Ti, the degradation was positively influenced by the increasing in current density and doping of the electrode, primarily the kinetics parameters. In addition, total removal of RB-19 and RB-5 was achieved in 35 and 50 min of electrolysis when 100 mA cm-2 was applied to the electrode doped with 15,000 ppm ratio B/C. In 2 h, 37% in mineralization was attained for both dyes and the toxicity effect of the RB-19 decreased against the bacteria Vibrio fischeri. In this condition, total TOC removed was also reached after 8 h. The TOC removal was enhanced using the reactor fitted with BDD/Nb and RVC instead of the electrochemical cell, achieving TOC removal of 84 and 82% in 30 and 90 min for RB-19 and RB-5 which were removed in 7.5 and 5 min, respectively, when 41 mA cm-2 was applied to the BDD/Nb in the degradation exclusively via AO. Among the processes carried out in the reactor, the EF was the energetically most favourable since TOC removal of 60 and 74% for RB-19 and RB-5 with energy consumption of 204 and 208 kWh kg-1 were noted. In addition, the RB-19 and RB-5 were completely removed in 15 and 7.5 min, respectively, when the electrolyte containing 0.10 mmol L-1 of Fe2+ ions and -0.4 V vs Ag/AgCl was applied to CVR electrode. The combination of processes with electrogenerated H2O2 and AO for degradation of the dyes removed the RB-19 and RB-5 in 30 and 15 min with mineralization of 71.6 and 81.8% in 90 min associated to energy consumptions of 562 and 745 kWh kg-1 respectively, when 41 mA cm-2 was applied to BDD/Nb. Therefore, the degradation results of the dyes were promised since quickly removal of the dyes and partial mineralization were observed hence the proposed processes could be used to remove the dyes from water. However, more studies are needed to enable an industrial application, especially regarding the electrode material and configuration of the electrochemical system.
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Teixeira, Alan de Oliveira. "Avaliação do processo de tratamento de chorume do aterro sanitário de Jardim Gramacho utilizando a técnica de Eletro-Fenton." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3768.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho compara a utilização do tratamento eletrolítico e do tratamento Eletro-Fenton, em corrente alternada (CA), no chorume proveniente do aterro de Gramacho, no estado do Rio de Janeiro. O tratamento eletrolítico consiste em utilizar eletrodos de Fe em contato com a eletricidade, que em pH adequado, sofrem dissolução formando o agente coagulante in situ. O tratamento Eletro-Fenton consiste na geração de um dos componentes do reagente de Fenton pelo método eletrolítico. Nesse trabalho o reagente de Fenton é formado pelos íons ferro gerados pelo tratamento eletrolítico unindo-se ao peróxido de hidrogênio 30% adicionado exteriormente. Amostras do chorume foram caracterizadas pelos parâmetros pH, condutividade, salinidade, temperatura, turbidez, sólidos totais dissolvidos (STD) e Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO). O uso do tratamento eletrolítico só mostrou resultados de remoção para DQO e cor. Para garantir um melhor desempenho na remoção de DQO e cor e encontrar valores de remoção para a turbidez foi necessário o uso do tratamento Eletro-Fenton. Alguns parâmetros são importantes no uso dessa técnica, tais como pH, dosagem de peróxido, intensidade de corrente e tempo reacional. Os resultados obtidos para a remoção de DQO, cor e turbidez, foram respectivamente, 74%, 95% e 95%, nas condições operacionais: pH 4, dosagem de 5 mL de peróxido de hidrogênio a 30 %, intensidade de corrente de 2A e tempo reacional de 30 minutos. O tratamento Eletro-Fenton se mostrou mais favorável, pois o tratamento eletrolítico nas mesmas condições operacionais, só apresentou resultado de remoção de DQO que foi de 56%, mesmo sendo o consumo energético idêntico para ambos os processos (0,6 k W h m-3)
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Chao, Min-Chieh, and 趙敏傑. "Treatment of 2,6-Dimethylaniline by Electro-Fenton Process." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58858890237662232136.
Full textAbstract:
碩士嘉南藥理科技大學
環境工程與科學系碩士班
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Electro-Fenton process is one of advanced oxidation processes. This method applies H2O2 and ferrous ions to produce hydroxyl radical for oxidizing the contaminants.In this study,I choose electro-Fenton and Fenton-like processes to treat 2,6-dimethylaniline. The objectives of this study included：(1) to identify the ability of direct electrolysis in oxidizing pollutant; (2) to compare the oxidation efficiency of the electro-Fenton and Fenton-like processes; (3) to determine the influences of initial pH,ferric ion,current and hydrogen peroxide concentration on the oxidation of 2,6-dimethylaniline. Results show that oxidation efficiency of the electro-Fenton process is better than Fenton process.Increasing the ferric concentration and electric current will enhance the oxidation efficiency.When the electric current is increased to 5 A,the ferrous concentration decreased.Too much electric current will result in water electrolysis and reduce the current efficiency of ferric reduction and the refore increased power cost.Increasing the initial pH from 1.5 to 2.0,the ferrous concentration is increased.When the initial pH is increased to 3.0,the ferrous easily reacted with hydroxide and changed to become iron oxide and thus the ferrous concentration is decreased. The optimum experiment condition for electro-Fenton process were controlled as follows: [2,6-DMA]=1×10-3 M , [Fe3+]=1×10-3 M, [H2O2]=20×10-3 M, initial pH=2.0, current=1 A.
Books on the topic "Electro-Fenton process"
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Zhou, Minghua, Mehmet A. Oturan, and Ignasi Sirés, eds. Electro-Fenton Process. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6406-7.
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Zhou, Minghua, Mehmet A. Oturan, and Ignasi Sirés. Electro-Fenton Process: New Trends and Scale-Up. Springer, 2017.
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Zhou, Minghua, Mehmet A. Oturan, and Ignasi Sirés. Electro-Fenton Process: New Trends and Scale-Up. Springer, 2017.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Electro-Fenton process"
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Cretin, Marc, and Mehmet A. Oturan. "Electro-Fenton Process." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 642–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_2043.
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Cretin, Marc, and Mehmet A. Oturan. "Electro-Fenton Process." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_2043-1.
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Alvarez-Gallegos, A. A., and S. Silva-Martínez. "Modeling of Electro-Fenton Process." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 287–312. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2017_73.
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Mousset, Emmanuel, Clément Trellu, Nihal Oturan, Manuel A. Rodrigo, and Mehmet A. Oturan. "Soil Remediation by Electro-Fenton Process." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 399–423. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2017_38.
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Sirés, Ignasi, and Enric Brillas. "Electro-Fenton Process: Fundamentals and Reactivity." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 1–28. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2017_40.
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Nidheesh, P. V., H. Olvera-Vargas, N. Oturan, and M. A. Oturan. "Heterogeneous Electro-Fenton Process: Principles and Applications." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 85–110. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2017_72.
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Rosales, Emílio, António Soares, G. Buftia, Marta Pazos, G. Lazar, Cristina Delerue-Matos, and M. Ángeles Sanromán. "Fluoxetine and Pirimicarb Abatement by Ecofriendly Electro-Fenton Process." In Frontiers in Water-Energy-Nexus—Nature-Based Solutions, Advanced Technologies and Best Practices for Environmental Sustainability, 117–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13068-8_28.
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Le, Thi Xuan Huong, Mikhael Bechelany, and Marc Cretin. "Advances in Carbon Felt Material for Electro-Fenton Process." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 145–73. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2017_55.
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Olvera-Vargas, Hugo, Clément Trellu, Nihal Oturan, and Mehmet A. Oturan. "Bio-electro-Fenton: A New Combined Process – Principles and Applications." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 29–56. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2017_53.
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Khataee, Alireza, and Aliyeh Hasanzadeh. "Modified Cathodes with Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Electro-Fenton Process." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 111–43. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2017_74.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Electro-Fenton process"
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Duc, Nguyen Duc Dat, Thi Le Thuy An, and Nguyen Tan Phong. "Optimization of Heterogeneous Electro Fenton Process for Textile Wastewater Treatment." In 2018 4th International Conference on Green Technology and Sustainable Development (GTSD). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gtsd.2018.8595646.
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Gaied, Faycal, Boulbaba Louhichi, and Mohamed Razak Jeday. "Tertiary treatment of waste water by Electro-Fenton process: Economical study." In 2017 International Conference on Green Energy Conversion Systems (GECS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gecs.2017.8066253.
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Chunwei Yang and Dong Wang. "The optimal factors of electro-Fenton process to decolorization the azo ddye methyl orange in aqueous medium." In 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5965126.
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Yuan, Shaopeng, Xia Qin, Li Zhang, and Mengnan Zhou. "Lab-scale treatment of biologically pretreated landfill leachate by the electro-Fenton process in a continuous flow reactor." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Civil, Architecture and Environmental Engineering (ICCAE2016). CRC Press/Balkema P.O. Box 11320, 2301 EH Leiden, The Netherlands: CRC Press/Balkema, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315116242-13.
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