Academic literature on the topic 'Electroanalytical methods'

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Journal articles on the topic "Electroanalytical methods"

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Barisci, JosephN. "Electroanalytical Stripping Methods." Analytica Chimica Acta 294, no. 3 (August 1994): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(94)80318-8.

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Vytřas, K. "Modern Electroanalytical Methods." Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 4, no. 6 (July 4, 2000): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100080000111.

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Vanýsek, Petr. "Electroanalytical stripping methods." Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics 36, no. 1 (February 1995): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0302-4598(95)90004-7.

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Bersier, P. M. "Electroanalytical stripping methods." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 383, no. 1-2 (February 1995): 200–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(95)90261-9.

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Pingarrón, José M., Ján Labuda, Jiří Barek, Christopher M. A. Brett, Maria Filomena Camões, Miroslav Fojta, and D. Brynn Hibbert. "Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 92, no. 4 (April 28, 2020): 641–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109.

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AbstractRecommendations are given concerning the terminology of methods used in electroanalytical chemistry. Fundamental terms in electrochemistry are reproduced from previous PAC Recommendations, and new and updated material is added for terms in electroanalytical chemistry, classification of electrode systems, and electroanalytical techniques.
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Riley, T., C. Tompkinson, and Albert Platt. "Principles of electroanalytical methods." Analytica Chimica Acta 215 (1988): 364–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(00)85308-8.

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Lubert, Karl-Heinz, and Kurt Kalcher. "History of Electroanalytical Methods." Electroanalysis 22, no. 17-18 (June 15, 2010): 1937–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.201000087.

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Ağın, Fatma. "Electroanalytical Methods for Determination of Calcium Channel Blockers." Current Analytical Chemistry 15, no. 3 (May 7, 2019): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411014666180426165750.

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Background:Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) are widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and ischemic heart diseases in recent years. They treat arrhythmias by reducing cardiac cycle contraction and also benefit ischemic heart diseases. Electroanalytical methods are very powerful analytical methods used in the pharmaceutical industry because of the determination of therapeutic agents and/or their metabolites in clinical samples at extremely low concentrations (10-50 ng/ml). The purpose of this review is to gather electroanalytical methods used for the determination of calcium channel blocker drugs in pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological media selected mainly from current articles.Methods:This review mainly includes recent determination studies of calcium channel blockers by electroanalytical methods from pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological samples. The studies of calcium channel blockers electroanalytical determination in the literature were reviewed and interpreted.Results:There are a lot of studies on amlodipine and nifedipine, but the number of studies on benidipine, cilnidipine, felodipine, isradipine, lercanidipine, lacidipine, levamlodipine, manidipine, nicardipine, nilvadipine, nimodipine, nisoldipine, nitrendipine, diltiazem, and verapamil are limited in the literature. In these studies, DPV and SWV are the most used methods. The other methods were used less for the determination of calcium channel blocker drugs.Conclusion:Electroanalytical methods especially voltammetric methods supply reproducible and reliable results for the analysis of the analyte. These methods are simple, more sensitive, rapid and inexpensive compared to the usually used spectroscopic and chromatographic methods.
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Budnikov, G. K., and V. I. Shirokova. "Electroanalytical methods. Publications in 1999–2004." Journal of Analytical Chemistry 61, no. 10 (October 2006): 973–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1061934806100054.

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Gründler, Peter. "ELACH 4 - Forum on Electroanalytical Methods." Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 367, no. 4 (June 7, 2000): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160000440.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electroanalytical methods"

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Larsen, Jane P. "Some new electroanalytical methods." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.482777.

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Panaščikaitė, Erika. "Determination of manganese and chromium by electroanalytical stripping methods research." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120710_120425-12220.

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There was proposed method for the determination of manganese in drinking water by inverse voltammetry using a mercury film electrode. The determination of manganese in drinking water does not need chemical treatment of a sample. Optimal detection conditions: accumulation potential of -1.75 V, accumulation time 5-30 s, anodic dissolution is performed using square wave voltammetry. Manganese accumulation by the detection limit of 30 seconds is about 0.4 mg l-1, and the relative standard deviations of the working range of concentrations do not exceed 0.10. Actual calcium, magnesium and iron ion concentration in samples of drinking water does not influence the manganese determination. Method comparison with a standard photometric method showed that they are equivalent, but the electrochemical method can be applied in very small concentrations of the manganese, in addition, it does not influence the iron ions in the drinking water. Determination of chromium in cement can be performed by catalytic adsorption voltammetry method using a hanging mercury drop electrode. The medium composition for Cr (VI) determination: 0.15 mol L-1 CH3COONa, 5 mmol l-1 diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), 0.7 mol l-1 NaNO3, pH = 6. Optimal voltammetry conditions: accumulation potential of -0.9 V, accumulation time 5-10 s, square wave voltammetry mode. Cr (VI) detection limit is about 0.05 mg l-1, the relative standard deviation does not exceed 3%. Chromium was extracted from the cement samples... [to full text]
Pasiūlytas mangano nustatymo metodas geriamajame vandenyje inversinės voltamperometrijos metodu naudojant gyvsidabrio plėvelinį elektrodą. Manganui nustatyti vandens mėginio nereikia chemiškai apdoroti. Optimalios nustatymo sąlygos: kaupimo potencialas –1,75 V, kaupimo trukmė 5–30 s, anodinis tirpinimas atliekamas naudojant kvadratinės bangos voltamperometriją. Mangano aptikimo riba kaupiant jį 30 s yra apie 0,4 μg l–1, o santykiniai standartiniai nuokrypiai darbiniame koncentracijų intervale ne didesni kaip 0,10. Realios kalcio, magnio ir geležies jonų koncentracijos geriamojo vandens mėginiuose netrukdo nustatyti manganą. Metodo palyginimas su standartiniu fotometriniu metodu parodė, kad jie yra ekvivalentiški, tačiau elektrocheminis metodas gali būti taikomas labai mažoms mangano koncentracijoms nustatyti, be to, jam netrukdo geriamajame vandenyje esantys geležies jonai. Chromo nustatymui cemente gali būti naudojamas katalitinės adsorbcinės voltamperometrijos metodas naudojant kabančio gyvsidabrio lašo elektrodą. Terpės sudėtis Cr(VI) nustatyti: 0,15 mol l-1 CH3COONa, 5 mmol l-1 dietilentriaminpentaacto rūgšties (DTPA), 0.7 mol l-1 NaNO3, pH = 6. Optimalios votamperometrijos sąlygos: kaupimo potencialas –0.9 V, kaupimo trukmė 5-10 s, kvadratinės bangos voltamperometrijos režimas. Cr(VI) aptikimo riba yra apie 0,05 µg l 1, santykinis standartinis nuokrypis neviršija 3%. Iš cemento mėginių chromas išekstrahuojamas vandeniu arba azoto rūgštimi. Bendras chromo kiekis... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Öberg, Månsson Ingrid. "Electroanalytical devices with fluidic control using textile materials and methods." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Fiberteknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279327.

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This thesis, written by Ingrid Öberg Månsson at KTH Royal Institute of Technology and entitled “Electroanalytical devices with fluidic control using textile materials and methods”, presents experimental studies on the development of textile based electronic devices and biosensors. One of the reasons why this is of interest is the growing demand for integrated smart products for wearable health monitoring or energy harvesting. To enable such products, new interdisciplinary fields arise combining traditional textile technology and electronics. Textile based devices have garnered much interest in recent years due to their innate ability to incorporate function directly into, for example, clothing or bandages by textile processes such as weaving, knitting or stitching. However, many modifications of yarns required for such applications are not available on an industrial scale. The major objective of this work has been to study how to achieve the performance necessary to create electronic textile devices by either coating yarns with conductive material or using commercially available conductive yarns that are functionalized to create sensing elements. Further, liquid transport within textile materials has been studied to be able to control the contact area between electrolyte and electrodes in electrochemical devices such as sensors and transistors. Yarns with specially designed cross-sections, traditionally used in sportswear to wick sweat away from the body and enhance evaporation, was used to transport electrolyte liquids to come in contact with yarn electrodes. The defined area of the junction where the fluidic yarn meets the conductive yarn was shown to increase stability of the measurements and the reproducibility between devices. The results presented in the two publications of this thesis as well as additional results presented in the thesis itself show the promising potential of using textile materials to integrate electronic and electrochemical functionality in our everyday life. This is shown by using basic textile materials and processing techniques to fabricate complex devices for various application areas such as sensors and diagnostics as well as electrical and energy harvesting components.
Denna avhandling, skriven av Ingrid Öberg Månsson vid Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan och titulerad ”Elektroanalytiska sensorer med vätskekontroll integrerad genom användande av textila material och metoder”, presenterar experimentella studier inom utvecklingen av textilbaserade elektroniska komponenter och biosensorer. Detta är av intresse på grund av den ökade efterfrågan på integrerade smarta produkter som till exempel bärbara sensorer för hälsoövervakning eller för att samla upp och konvertera energi till elektricitet. För att möjliggöra denna typ av produkter föds nya interdisciplinära fält där traditionell textilteknologi och elektronik möts. Textilbaserade enheter har väckt stort intresse under de senaste åren på grund av den naturliga förmågan att integrera funktion i till exempel kläder eller förband genom textila tillverkningsprocesser som väveri, stickning eller sömnad. Många modifikationer hos garner som krävs för att möjliggöra sådana tillämpningar är dock inte tillgängliga i större skala. Därför har det huvudsakliga syftet med denna studie varit att undersöka hur man kan uppnå den prestanda som krävs för att tillverka elektroniska textila komponenter, antingen genom att belägga garner med elektroniskt ledande material eller genom att använda kommersiellt tillgängliga ledande garner som sedan modifieras kemiskt för att skapa sensorer. Utöver detta har vätsketransport inom textila material studerats för att kunna styra och kontrollera kontaktytan mellan elektrolyt och elektroder i elektrokemiska enheter så som sensorer och transistorer. Garner med speciella tvärsnitt, som traditionellt använts i sportkläder för att transportera svett bort från kroppen och underlätta avdunstning, har använts för att transportera elektrolytvätska till elektroder av garn. Den definierade kontaktytan där det vätsketransporterade garnet korsar elektrodgarnet har visats öka stabiliteten av mätningen och reproducerbarheten mellan mätenheter. Resultaten som presenteras i de två artiklar som denna avhandling bygger på samt i avhandlingen själv visar på lovande potential för användandet av textila material för att integrera elektronisk och elektrokemisk funktionalitet i våra vardagsliv. Detta har uppnåtts genom att använda grundläggande textila material och tillverkningsprocesser för att tillverka komplexa enheter för olika tillämpningsområden så som sensorer för diagnostik samt elektroniska komponenter.

QC 2020-08-21

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Feng, Zhange. "DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF METHODS FORELECTROCATALYSIS, ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND ENERGYSTORAGE APPLICATIONS." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1449154825.

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麥麗玲 and Lai-ling Josephine Mak. "Determination of pesticides in environmental and food samples by capillary electrophoresis and electroanalytical methods." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31243459.

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Aslanoglu, Mehmet. "The application of electroanalytical methods to the measurement of metal complex-nucleic acid interactions." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/531.

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This thesis reports voltammetric and quartz crystal microgravimetric studies of the binding of metal complexes to nucleic acids in solution and immobilised on metal surfaces. Cyclic voltam iet y and steady-state microelectrode voltammetsy were applied to the solution phase interactions between metal complexes and nucleic acids. The binding constants were obtained by the analysis of bound and free metal complex concentrations. The binding of N, N, N-1-propylthyminedimethylaminomethylferrocene (Fc-Th), N, N, Ntrimethylaminomethylferrocene (Fc-NMe3), bis(hexamethybenzene)iron(II), hexamuiiineruthenium( III), tris(1,10-phenantlu-oline)iron(II) and tris-(bipyridyl)iron(II) to DNA and RNA was observed. The application of microelectrode voltammetry for metal complexnucleic acid binding studies has not been reported before and this thesis demonstrates the advantages of the method due to increased signal-to noise ratio and better discrimination between free and nucleic acid-bound metal complex. These voltammetric results showed the binding of Fc-Th to DNA is stronger than the binding of Fc-NMe3 to DNA, indicating that even a single nucleobase can influence the binding. The binding of singly charged feirocenyl derivatives to DNA or RNA is mainly electrostatic plus some non-electrostatic contribution from interaction of the thymine with DNA. Fe(bz)22 binds to DNA electrostatically and the binding is senstive to ionic strength. Ru(NH3)63+ binds more strongly to DNA due to its higher charge. The binding of Fe(phen)32+, a known intercalator, is stronger than the binding of Fe(bipy)32+ to DNA and the measured binding constants were in agreement with previous reports, however more precise data could be obtained using the microelectrode technique devised in this thesis. This thesis also describes a novel modification of gold and platinum surfaces by the adsorption of 4-mercaptopyridine and subsequent methylation with methyliodide to produce a positively charged suface at which DNA adsorbs strongly. Cyclic voltammetry was applied to quantify the binding of Fc-Th, Fc-NMe3 , hexammineruthenium(II), and tris(1,10-phenanthroline) iron(II) to DNA or RNA immobilised on a gold electrode. A detectable binding of Fc-Th, Ru(NH3)63+ to DNA was observed, while no bound. FcNMe3 and Fe(phen)32 were detected using cyclic voltammetry. The difference in binding to immobilised DNA compared to dissolved DNA could be rationalised by the effect of the electrostatic interactions of the metal complexes with the charged pyridinium monolayer. Quartz crystal microfravimetry was used to estimate the surface coverage of DNA, Fc-Th, Ru(NH3)63+ and Fe(phen); '+on gold and platinum crystals modified as above. Crystal admittance measurements showed no significant change on DNA adsorption indicating approximate rigid-layer behaviour. In agreement with the CV studies no binding of Fc- NMe3 was detected. Some binding of Fe(phen)32 was observed and the negative result of the CV experiment may be due to instability of the monolayer at the high potentials required to oxidise Fe(phen)32+. In general, the QCM results showed higher surface coverages than detected by CV. Two factors may be important, the absence of solution phase metal complex in the CV experiment leads to some desorption and the QCM measurements are complicated by the unknown extent of solvation of the metal complexes.
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CARVALHO, JULIANA MACHADO DE. "DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTROANALYTICAL METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF SIBUTRAMINE IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS AND IN PROTEIN-RICH FOOD COMPLEMENTS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=14472@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
O cloridrato de sibutramina está entre os sacietógenos mais prescritos para o controle da obesidade e tem sido adicionado, de forma não declarada, a alimentos protéicos para esportistas. Nenhuma metodologia analítica é descrita em compêndios oficiais para a determinação de sibutramina. O presente trabalho objetiva o desenvolvimento e a validação de métodos analíticos baseados na voltametria de pulso diferencial (DPV) e na voltametria de onda quadrada (SWV) para quantificação do cloridrato de sibutramina em fármacos e em alimentos protéicos. A influência dos parâmetros eletroquímicos foi estudada para selecionar as melhores condições de trabalho como: eletrólito suporte (tampão Mcllvaine) pH (4,0), velocidade de varredura (40 mV s(-1) para DPV e 240 mV s(-1) para SWV) e amplitude de pulso (50 mV). Não foi possível pré-concentrar a sibutramina no eletrodo de trabalho (gota de mercúrio). O comportamento eletroquímico desta substância no eletrodo de mercúrio também foi investigado a partir de estudos com voltametria cíclica. A redução da sibutramina é aparentemente reversível envolvendo a participação de 1 próton e 1 elétron. O potencial de pico da sibutramina é cerca de - 100 mV (Ag/AgCl 3 mol L-1). No processo de validação foram avaliadas as faixas de resposta linear (do limite de quantificação até 33,3 mg L(-1) em ambos os métodos), o limite de detecção (0,4 para DPV e 0,3 mg L(-1) para SWV), e o limite de quantificação (1,4 para DPV e 1,1 mg L(-1) para SWV). A precisão do método foi satisfatória. Testes de recuperação indicaram 90,4 % em ambos os métodos. O desempenho das técnicas voltamétricas foi comparado estatisticamente com a técnica CLAE e não houve diferença significativa entre os resultados obtidos.
Sibutramine hydrochloride is among the most prescribed satiety inducer for obesity control and it has also been added, in a fraudulent way, in proteinrich food complement for athletes. There is no analytical method for sibutramine described in the official literature. The goal of this work is to develop and validate electroanalytical methods for the determination of sibutramine in pharmaceuticals and in protein-rich food complements. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) were the techniques employed. The influence of electrochemical parameters was studied in order to select the best working conditions such as supporting electrolyte (Mcllvaine buffer), pH (4.0), scan rate (40 mV s(-1) for DPV and 240 mV s(-1) for SWV) and pulse amplitude (50 mV). The pre-concentration of sibutramine in the working electrode (mercury drop) was not possible. The electrochemical behavior in the mercury electrode was also investigated using cyclic voltammetry. The reduction of sibutramine is probably reversible and involves of 1 proton and 1 electron. The peak potential of sibutramine is about - 100 mV (Ag/AgCl3 mol L(-1)). In the validation process, the linear range of the analytical response (from the limit of quantification to 33.3 mg L-1, in both methods), the limit of detection (0.6 for DPV and 0.4 mg L(-1) for SWV) and the limit of quantification (1.8 for DPV and 1.1 mg L(-1) for SWV) were evaluated. Satisfactory precision was achieved. Recovery tests produced results of 90.4% for both methods. These results were compared with the ones achieved by HPLC and no significant statistical difference was found between them.
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Amaral, Raquel Bonatto do. "Investigação do comportamento eletroquímico do inseticida fipronil e desenvolvimento de metodologia eletroanalítica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75135/tde-08102012-082330/.

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Essa tese de doutorado apresenta o estudo eletroquímico da oxidação do inseticida fipronil bem como o desenvolvimento de metodologias analíticas para a determinação deste composto em amostras de águas naturais. Os experimentos foram realizados sobre os eletrodos de compósito grafite-poliuretana (GPU) e carbono vítreo modificado com nanotubos de carbono de paredes múltiplas (GC-MWCNTs) utilizando a Voltametria de Onda Quadrada (SWV). A Voltametria Cíclica (CV) foi utilizada para diagnosticar o grau de reversibilidade da reação de oxidação do inseticida assim como a natureza do transporte do material eletroativo para a superfície dos eletrodos. Os resultados dos estudos da oxidação eletroquímica do fipronil utilizando o eletrodo de GPU mostraram que a oxidação do fipronil apresenta um em 0,70 V (vs. EAg/AgCl) e ocorre de forma totalmente irreversível e controlada por adsorção das espécies na superfície do eletrodo. Foram obtidas curvas analíticas para o fipronil no intervalo de 2,0 a 14,0 x 10-5 mol L-1, resultando um limite de detecção (LD) de 139 µg L-1 e Limite de Quantificação (LQ) de 480 µg L-1. Para a oxidação do fipronil no eletrodo GC-MWCNTs os resultados mostraram que a oxidação do fipronil apresenta apenas um pico em 0,50 V (vs. EAg/AgCl) e ocorre de forma totalmente irreversível e controlado por difusão a adsorção das espécies na superfície do eletrodo. Os LD e LQ obtidos foram de 26 µg L-1 e 147 µg L-1, respectivamente. O estudo por eletrólise a potencial controlado revelou que a oxidação do inseticida fipronil envolve a participação de um elétron. A metodologia desenvolvida para ambos os eletrodos foi aplicada em amostras de águas naturais, testes de recuperação foram realizados mostrando eficiência de recuperação 96,0% para o eletrodo de GPU e de 94,6% para o eletrodo de GC-MWCNTs.
In this thesis a study of the electrochemical oxidation of the insecticide fipronil and the development of analytical methodologies for the determination of this compound in natural water samples is presented. The experiments were performed at graphite-polyurethane composite electrodes (GPU) and a glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-GC). The electrodes were caracterized using square wave voltammetry (SWV). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to diagnose the degree of reversibility of the oxidation reaction of the insecticide as well as the nature of the transport of the electroactive material to the surface of the electrodes. The electrochemical oxidation of fipronil studies using the GPU electrode showed that fipronil oxidation presents a peak at 0.70 V (vs. EAg/AgCl) which is totally irreversible and controlled by adsorption of species on the electrode surface. Analytical curves were obtained for fipronil in the range 2.0 to 14 x 10-5 mol L-1, with a detection limit (LD) of 139 µg L-1 and a quantification limit (LQ) of 480 µg L-1. For the oxidation of fipronil in the GC-MWCNTs electrode the results showed that fipronil oxidation presents a peak at 0.50 V (vs. EAg/AgCl) which is totally irreversible and diffusion controlled the adsorption of species on the electrode surface. The LD and LQ were obtained 26 µg L-1 and 147 µg L-1, respectively. The study by controlled potential electrolysis showed that oxidation of the insecticide fipronil involves the participation of one electron. The methodology developed for both electrodes was applied to natural water samples, recovery tests were performed showing recovery efficiency of 96.0% for the GPU electrode and 94.6% for MWCNTs-GC electrode.
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Silva, Iranaldo Santos da. "Desenvolvimento de sensores e de métodos analíticos para determinação de compostos de interesse farmacêutico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46136/tde-15012014-095540/.

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A crescente demanda por produtos farmacêuticos tem como consequência a necessidade de elaboração de novos procedimentos analíticos que, via de regra, apresentem características como: elevada frequência analítica, simplicidade, ausência de substâncias altamente tóxicas, e com baixo custo para o controle de qualidade dos fármacos lançados no mercado. Neste trabalho descreve-se o desenvolvimento de procedimentos para determinação de N-acetilcisteína (NAC), nimesulida (NMS), trimetoprima (TMP) e sulfametoxazol (SMX) em formulações farmacêuticas usando técnicas eletroanalíticas e métodos de separação. Na determinação da NAC foi usado um eletrodo de grafite pirolítico modificado com ftalocianina de cobalto (CoPc) em 0,1 mol L-1 de NaOH. Este sensor mostrou intensa catálise para NAC produzindo um aumento na corrente anódica de cerca de 700 vezes quando comparado com o eletrodo limpo. Um procedimento em FIA foi proposto usando este sensor, e a curva analítica foi linear no intervalo 5,0 × 10-5 a 1,0 × 10-3 mol L-1, com coeficiente de correlação maior que 0,999. O DPR de 1,1% (n = 13) foi obtido para uma solução contendo 5,0 × 10-4 mol L-1 de NAC. Além disso o método apresentou LD e LQ de 9,0 ×10-7 mol L-1 e 3,0 × 10-6 mol L-1, respectivamente. A determinação eletroanalítica de NMS foi conduzida em solução de 1,0 mol L-1 de NaOH usando eletrodo de carbono vítreo, meio em que não ocorre envenenamento da superfície do eletrodo. Desse modo, um método eletroanalítico usando voltametria de onda quadrada foi elaborado para análise de NMS. Nas condições ótimas de análise o método apresentou uma faixa linear no intervalo de 4,3 × 10-5 a 4,2 × 10-4 mol L-1, com limite de detecção de 3,2 × 10-6 mol L-1. A precisão do método foi avaliada em um mesmo dia de análise por sucessivas medidas voltamétricas (n = 10) em solução de hidróxido de sódio 1,0 mol L-1 contendo 1,0 × 10-4 mol L-1 de NMS, sem a necessidade de renovação da superfície do eletrodo. Os resultados para esta série de medidas foram avaliados e o DPR calculado foi somente 1,2%, indicando que nessas condições o eletrodo apresentou uma resposta estável além de não sofrer qualquer efeito de envenenamento. Para a determinação simultânea de TMP e SMX foi desenvolvido um método analítico empregando eletroforese capilar com detecção condutométrica sem contato (C4D). Usando uma solução 10 mmol L-1 lítio-fosfato (pH 7,1 ) como tampão de corrida, a faixa linear de trabalho obtida para ambos os analitos foi de 12,5 a 200 × 10-6 mol L-1 com R > 0,999. Nas condições de análise foram obtidos LDs de 1,1 × 10-6 mol L-1 para a TMP, e 3,3 × 10-6 mol L-1 para o SMX com um tempo total de análise de 2,6 minutos.
The growing demand for pharmaceutical products has created need for developing new analytical procedures that, as a rule, exhibit characteristics like, high sampling rate, simplicity, absence of highly toxic substances, and low cost for quality control of drugs launched in market. In this work, electroanalytical and capillary electrophoresis methods for determination of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), nimesulide (NMS), trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in pharmaceutical formulations were proposed. For NAC determinations a pyrolytic graphite electrode modified with CoPc in 0.1 mol L-1 NaOH was used. This new sensor showed to be catalytic for this compound producing an anodic current increase of 700 times when compared with bare electrode. A FIA procedure was proposed using this new sensor, and the method showed a linear response in a range of 5.0 × 10-5 to 1.0 × 10-3 mol L-1 with correlation coefficient better than 0.999. RSD of 1.1% (n = 13) was obtained for a solution containing 5.0 × 10-4 mol L-1 NAC. Furthermore the method presented DL and QL of 9.0 × 10-7 mol L-1 and 3.0 × 10-6 mol L-1, respectively. NMS electroanalytical determination was conducted in a 1.0 mol L-1 NaOH solution using a glassy carbon electrode. In strongly alkaline medium it was verified that NMS does not produce poisoning of the electrode surface. Thus an electroanalytical method using square wave voltammetry was proposed for analysis of NMS. In the optimal analysis conditions proposed method showed a linear response in a range of 4.3 × 10-5 to 4.2 × 10-4 mol L-1, with detection limit of 3.2 × 10-6 mol L-1. Accuracy of the method was evaluated on the same day by successive voltammetric measurements (n = 10) in a 1.0 mol L-1 sodium hydroxide solution containing 1.0 × 10-4 mol L-1 of NMS without the needing to renew electrode surface. Results for this series of measures were calculated and standard deviation was of only 1.2%, suggesting that in these conditions the electrode showed a stable response in addition to suffer no poisoning effects. For simultaneous determination of TMP and SMX an analytical method using capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection (C4D) was developed. Using a 10 mmol L-1 lithium-phosphate (pH 7.1) solution as running buffer, a linear response range for both analytes was obtained ranging through 12.5 to 200 × 10-6 mol L-1 with R> 0.999. Under these analysis conditions, DL of 1.1 × 10-6 mol L-1 for TMP, and 3.3 × 10-6 mol L-1 for SMX were obtained, with a total analysis time of only 2.6 minutes.
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SILVA, Leila Maria Santos da. "Avaliação voltamétrica da conversão do óleo de babaçu (orbignya phalerata) em biodiesel." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2017. https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/tede/2001.

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PRH 39-ANP/UFMA
The present work proposes the evaluation of electrochemical procedures for the monitoring of the conversion of babassu oil to biodiesel through glycerol analysis. Firstly, a study was carried out to evaluate the best biodiesel / water ratio for the extraction of glycerol in order to verify if the variation in biodiesel and water ratios directly influence the voltammetric response of glycerol. Subsequently, a study on the oxidation of glycerol was carried out. The electrochemical measurements were performed in a potentiostat/Autolab PGSTAT12 galvanostat coupled to a three electrode electrochemical cell: platinum disk (working electrode), a platinum wire (auxiliary electrode) and Ag/AgClSat (reference electrode). The electrochemical behavior of the glycerol oxidation was evaluated in different electrolytes by means of cyclic voltammetry, with the best conditions being established for analysis in 0.1 mol L-1 BR buffer medium (pH 12). In this medium, the glycerol had an oxidation peak around -200 mV. The analytical feasibility of the determination of glycerol in biodiesel samples was studied by means of differential pulse voltammetry and in this technique some operational parameters were optimized: deposition time (30s), deposition potential (-500 mV) and pulse amplitude (150 mV), whose values provided good electroanalytical results. After 20 minutes of reaction (time chosen as sufficient for the formation of glycerol), the analyte was extracted into the aqueous phase, as determined by the optimized voltammetric procedure. An analytical and statistical evaluation showed good linearity (r = 0.996), sensitivity (3.03 μA/mol L-1), precision (1.02% to 3.16%), detection limit (0.01 mmol L-1) and quantification limit (0.04 mmol L-1). The accuracy of the procedure was evaluated by the percentage recovery of glycerol, whose recovery values varied between 99 and 113% and indicate that the proposed method is accurate and suitable for glycerol analysis during the transesterification process.
O presente trabalho propõe a avaliação de procedimentos eletroquímicos para o monitoramento da conversão do óleo de babaçu em biodiesel através da análise de glicerol. Primeiramente, foi realizado um estudo para avaliar a melhor proporção biodiesel/água para extração do glicerol com intuito de verificar se a variação na proporção de biodiesel e água influenciam diretamente na resposta voltamétrica do glicerol. Posteriormente, realizou-se um estudo sobre a oxidação do glicerol. As medidas eletroquímicas foram realizadas em um potenciostato/galvanostato Autolab PGSTAT12 acoplado a uma célula eletroquímica de três eletrodos: disco de platina (eletrodo de trabalho), um fio de platina (eletrodo auxiliar) e Ag/AgClSat (eletrodo de referência). O comportamento eletroquímico da oxidação do glicerol foi avaliado em diferentes eletrólitos por meio da voltametria cíclica, sendo as melhores condições estabelecidas para análise em meio de tampão BR 0,1 mol L-1 (pH 12). Nesse meio, o glicerol apresentou um pico de oxidação em torno de – 200 mV. A viabilidade analítica da determinação do glicerol em amostras de biodiesel foi estudada por meio da voltametria de pulso diferencial e nesta técnica foram otimizados alguns parâmetros operacionais: tempo de deposição (30s), potencial de deposição (-500 mV) e amplitude de pulso (150 mV), cujos valores proporcionaram bons resultados eletroanalíticos. Após 20 minutos de reação (tempo escolhido como suficiente para a formação do glicerol), o analito foi extraído para a fase aquosa, sendo o mesmo determinado pelo procedimento voltamétrico otimizado. Uma avaliação analítica e estatística mostrou bons resultados de linearidade (r = 0,996), sensibilidade (3,03 μA/mol L-1), precisão (1,02% a 3,16%,), limite de detecção (0,01 mmol L-1) e limite de quantificação (0,04 mmol L-1). A exatidão do procedimento foi avaliada através da porcentagem de recuperação do glicerol, cujos valores de recuperação variaram entre 99 e 113% e indicam que o método proposto é exato e adequado para análise de glicerol durante o processo de transesterificação.
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Books on the topic "Electroanalytical methods"

1

Scholz, Fritz, ed. Electroanalytical Methods. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04757-6.

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Scholz, Fritz, A. M. Bond, R. G. Compton, D. A. Fiedler, G. Inzelt, H. Kahlert, Š. Komorsky-Lovrić, et al., eds. Electroanalytical Methods. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02915-8.

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E, Neyman, ed. Electroanalytical stripping methods. New York: Wiley, 1993.

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Colin, Tomlinson, James A. M. 1923-, and ACOL (Project), eds. Principles of electroanalytical methods. Chichester [West Sussex]: Published on behalf of ACOL, London, by Wiley, 1987.

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Scholz, F. Electroanalytical methods: Guide to experiments and applications. 2nd ed. Heidelberg: Springer, 2010.

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Bieniasz, Lesław K. Modelling Electroanalytical Experiments by the Integral Equation Method. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44882-3.

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(Editor), Anna Brajter-toth, and James Chambers (Editor), eds. Electroanalytical Methods for Biological Materials. CRC, 2002.

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Anna, Brajter-Toth, and Chambers James Q, eds. Electroanalytical methods for biological materials. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2002.

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Electroanalytical methods in chemical and environmental analysis. New York: Plenum Press, 1987.

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Scholz, Fritz. Electroanalytical Methods: Guide to Experiments and Applications. Springer, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Electroanalytical methods"

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Yáñez-Sedeño, Paloma, and José M. Pingarrón. "Electroanalytical methods." In Handbook of Mineral Elements in Food, 263–83. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118654316.ch13.

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Hauser, P. C. "Electroanalytical methods." In Instrumental Multi-Element Chemical Analysis, 201–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4952-5_6.

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Bruno, Thomas J., and Paris D. N. Svoronos. "Electroanalytical Methods." In CRC Handbook of Basic Tables for Chemical Analysis, 295–320. Fourth edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22281-7.

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Stojek, Zbigniew. "The Electrical Double Layer and Its Structure." In Electroanalytical Methods, 3–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04757-6_1.

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Lovrić, Milivoj. "Stripping Voltammetry." In Electroanalytical Methods, 191–210. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04757-6_10.

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Fiedler, Dirk A., and Fritz Scholz. "Electrochemical Studies of Solid Compounds and Materials." In Electroanalytical Methods, 211–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04757-6_11.

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Kahlert, Heike. "Potentiometry." In Electroanalytical Methods, 223–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04757-6_12.

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Komorsky-Lovrić, Šebojka. "Working Electrodes." In Electroanalytical Methods, 245–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04757-6_13.

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Komorsky-Lovrić, Šebojka. "Electrolytes." In Electroanalytical Methods, 279–300. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04757-6_15.

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Stojek, Zbigniew. "Experimental Setup." In Electroanalytical Methods, 301–5. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04757-6_16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Electroanalytical methods"

1

Kadirgan, F., and O. Savadogo. "An Electroanalytical Study of Methanol Crossover Through Nafion 117 Membrane." In ASME 2004 2nd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2004-2462.

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The proton exchange membrane direct methanol fuel cells (PEMDMFC) shows considerably lower performance than the hydrogen fuel cell because of inefficient methanol oxidation and the crossover of the methanol through the membrane that separates the anode from the cathode. This paper describes an electrochemical method to measure the crossovered methanol for Nafion® 117 membrane in function of the time. The permeation rate is calculated both by electroanalytical and gas chromatography methods at 25°C. The results are discussed.
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