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Journal articles on the topic 'Electrochemical corrosion'
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1
Yu, Zhu Huan, Jun Feng Qiang, and Hui Lu Li. "Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Different Graphite Shapes Cast Irons in Acidic Solution." Advanced Materials Research 906 (April 2014): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.906.275.
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The effect of graphite shapes on the electrochemical corrosion behavior of cast iron was studied by means of weight loss tests, electrochemical measurements and electron microscopy. It was found that the electrochemical corrosion behavior of graphite is significantly different from one other, and the corrosive potential difference between carbide ad the matrix is the main driving force of the different phase corrosions. Among them, the center A type and edge D type graphite exhibited the highest corrosion resistance. The corrosion of white iron is worst, because there are so many type carbides in white iron and so there is an obvious tendency to produce micro-cell in white iron.
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Sun, Qi Lei, Li Zhang, Jie Dong, and Lu Hua He. "Study on Electrochemical Behavior of Prestressed Reinforcement in Simulated Concrete Solution." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 917–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.917.
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Using electrochemical impedance spectroscop (EIS) and polarization curve technique, the electrochemical behavior of prestressed reinforcement under different stress levels was studied in simulated concrete solution. The results show that: As the stress increasing, the impedance spectroscopy changes significantly, the entire impedance spectroscopy shows an elongated semi-circular deformation, high-frequency capacitance arc radius corrosion decreases with the corrosion progress, in other words, the reaction resistance decreases, the corrosion rate of the sample increases. And when the galvanized steel is in 1064MPa stresss condition, corrosion current density reaches the maximum, is 9 times larger than that of none stress corrosions condition. Under the combined effects of the external stress and corrosive media, dislocation can be emitted, value-added and moves. When it reached a critical state, it would lead to the crack nucleation of Stress corrosion cracking (SCC).
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Nagata, Hikaru, Masa Ono, Yasuyuki Miyazawa, Yuji Hayashi, and Yoshio Bizen. "Corrosion Resistance Evaluation of a Stainless-Steel Brazed Joint in HCl Solution." Materials Science Forum 1016 (January 2021): 997–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.997.
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To clarify the effect of the acid solution type on corrosion resistance, the corrosion behavior of stainless steel brazed joints in HCl aqueous solution was evaluated through electrochemical measurements. Anodic polarization curves of a ferritic stainless-steel base metal, Ni-based brazing filler metals, and a brazed joint were recorded. In addition, in situ observations were conducted to observe the corrosion behavior of each structure of the brazed joint. Corrosion potentials of the brazing filler metal were lower than that of the base metal. In situ observations of the brazed joint revealed the order of corrosion in aqueous hydrochloric acid. According to the electrochemical measurements, under an actual corrosive environment, the brazing filler metal can function as an anode and selectively corrode. In addition, the anodic polarization curve of the brazed joint showed values between those of the polarization curves of the brazing filler metal and the base metal, indicating that the corrosion resistance could be electrochemically evaluated in HCl aqueous solution.
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Pei, Feng, Jing Fu, Fa Yuan Wu, Lei Jing Wang, Xiao Lei Liu, Zhao Hui Yin, and Zhi Ping Zhu. "Electrochemical Evaluation Method for Soil Corrosion Properties in Grid Substation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 811–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.811.
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Soil corrosion is the main reason of corrosion failure for substation grounding grids. To explore electrochemical evaluation method for soil corrosion of substation grounding grids would effectively ensure the safe operation of power grids. This paper discussed the main several kinds of soil corrosive electrochemical research methods and application. These methods played an important role on researching soil corrosion mechanism, soil corrosivity and corrosion behavior.
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Yan, Rui, Hang Wu, S. K. Yu, Shi Ning Ma, and Bin Shi Xu. "Application of EIS and SEM to Study the Corrosion Behaviors of Organic Coatings/Substrate System." Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (March 2008): 556–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.556.
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Electrochemical corrosion behaviors of two common-used ship coatings——epoxy aluminum coating, chloride rubber iron red coating and their composite coatings immersed in 3.5%NaCl solution were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy combined with open circuit potential measurements and SEM micrograph analysis. Potential-time result indicates that the free corrosion potential of these three coatings with immersion time are more positive than that of metal substrate, which can serve as barrier layer to protect metal substrate from corrosion. During the course of immersion, increasingly negative shift potentials with time reveal the growth of electrochemical area of anode and corrosion takes place continuously. EIS shows that corrosive species can penetrate into coatings and reach the coating/substrate interface promptly, causing the decrease of its shielding role and the beginning of electrochemical corrosion. SEM micrographs suggest that coatings were compact and continuous compared with obviously coarse and loose after corrosion, indicating the penetration of corrosive species destroys cross linkage of coatings. Composite coatings present better protection performance, displaying the effect of “1+1>2” remarkably.
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Rauf, A., and E. Mahdi. "Comparison Between Electrochemical Noise and Electrochemical Frequency Modulation Measurements during Pitting Corrosion." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 15, no. 2 (February 2, 2012): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v15i2.79.
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The electrochemical noise (EN) and electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM) techniques have been compared for their use to detect pitting corrosion. To do this, experiments on different corroding systems showing passivation and pitting corrosion were carried out. These corroding systems were: (1) Aluminum in borate buffer solution with and without chlorides (pitting corrosion + passivation behavior), (2) AISI 304SS in 0.3 wt.% FeCl3 solution and 6 wt.% FeCl3 solution at room temperature (passivation behavior + pitting and/or crevice corrosion), and (3) AISI 304SS in 6 wt.% FeCl3 at elevated temperature of 57 °C (pitting corrosion). Both EN and EFM were measured on-line meanwhile changing the corrosive environment by adding chlorides or by increasing the temperature.
A potential perturbation composed of two sine waves is applied with the help of EFM to get current response at various frequencies. As the corrosion process is nonlinear in nature, the ac-response contains components at harmonic and intermodulation frequencies. Analysis of current components at different frequencies yields the information about the corrosion behavior under investigation. EFM may be considered to detect pitting initiation and its further development due to the results obtained by measuring the so-called "causality factors", which are the ratio of the current components in the ac-response.
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Hernández, Y., O. Troconis de Rincón, A. Torres, S. Delgado, J. Rodríguez, and O. Morón. "Relación entre la velocidad de corrosión de la armadura y el ancho de fisuras en vigas de concreto armado expuestas a ambientes que simulan el medio marino." Revista ALCONPAT 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 272–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21041/ra.v6i3.152.
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Relación entre la velocidad de corrosión de la armadura y el ancho de fisuras en vigas de concreto armado expuestas a ambientes que simulan el medio marino RESUMENEsta investigación presenta una relación empírica entre la velocidad de corrosión de la armadura y la velocidad de ensanchamiento de fisuras por corrosión del recubrimiento de concreto en vigas, con o sin aplicación de carga. Se evaluaron vigas de concreto armado, expuestas a un proceso de corrosión natural mediante el rociado con solución salina al 3,5 %p/p de NaCl, para acelerar el proceso corrosivo de la armadura, mediante ensayos electroquímicos. El ancho de fisuras se evaluó mensualmente para estimar la relación existente entre éste y la pérdida de sección de la armadura. Los resultados demuestran que existe una relación directa entre la propagación del ancho de fisuras y la velocidad de corrosión, observando fisuras de mayor ancho en vigas cargadas.Palabras clave: corrosion; concreto armado; vigas cargadas; ancho de fisuras. Reinforcement corrosion rate and crack width relationship in concrete beams exposed to simulated marine environment ABSTRACTThis investigation presents an empirical correlation between the rebar corrosion rate and the corrosion-induced crack width propagation rate produced on beam's concrete cover, with or without load application to these beams. Reinforced concrete beams were evaluated, exposed to a natural corrosion process by spraying with 3.5 %w/w NaCl solution, to accelerate the rebar corrosion process, was performed with electrochemical tests. The beams corrosion-cracking evaluation was performed once every month, to determine the relation between crack width and the rebar corrosion loss. The results showed a direct relation between crack width propagation and rebar corrosion rate, showing wider cracks in the loaded beams.Keywords: corrosion; reinforced concrete; loaded beams; crack widths. Relação entre a velocidade de corrosão da armadura e a largura das fissuras em vigas de concreto armado expostas a ambientes que simulam o ambiente marinho RESUMOEsta pesquisa apresenta uma relação empírica entre a taxa de corrosão da armadura e a abertura de fissuras por efeito da corrosão da armadura em vigas de concreto, com ou sem aplicação de carga. Foram avaliadas vigas de concreto armado, expostas a um processo de corrosão natural por pulverização com solução salina a concentração de 3,5% de NaCl, para acelerar o processo de corrosão da armadura, mediante ensaios eletroquímicos. A abertura das fissuras foi avaliada mensalmente para estimar a relação entre ela e a perda de seção da armadura. Os resultados mostram que existe uma relação direta entre a propagação da abertura da fissura e a taxa de corrosão, observando a ocorrência de fissuras de maior abertura nas vigas sob carga.Palavras-chave: corrosão; vigas de concreto armado sob carga; abertura de fissuras.
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Yan, Rui, Ting Liang, Hong Chun Ren, Jin Gu, and Zhuang Zhou Ji. "Study on Corrosion Behaviors of Epoxy Aluminum Coating Immersed in 3.5%NaCl Solution." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.338.
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Electrochemical corrosion behavior of epoxy aluminum coating immersed in 3.5%NaCl solution was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). SEM was also used to analyze the surface images of coating, and the failure mechanism was discussed as well. The experimental results showed that corrosive species can penetrate into coatings and reach the coating/substrate interface promptly, causing the decrease of electro-resistance and the beginning of electrochemical corrosion at the coatings/metal interface. The coating was compact and continuous at beginning, while the blisters and cavities appeared after corrosion, which were formed osmotic pressure created by corrosion species penetration.
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Yang, Hai Jiao, Sheng Tao Zhang, and Lei Zhang. "Corrosion Behavior of Copper in Halide Solutions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 189 (July 2012): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.189.36.
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The corrosion behavior of copper in halide solutions was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). On this basis, the mechanism of electrochemical corrosion behavior of Cu in halide solutions has been analyzed. The study explores the corrosive effect of the halide ions on copper materials and provides a theoretical basis for the inhibition of halide ions on the corrosion of copper materials.
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Pardo, A., S. Feliu, M. C. Merino, R. Arrabal, and E. Matykina. "Electrochemical Estimation of the Corrosion Rate of Magnesium/Aluminium Alloys." International Journal of Corrosion 2010 (2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/953850.
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The corrosion rate of AZ31, AZ80, and AZ91D magnesium/aluminium alloys immersed in 3.5 wt.% NaCl was determined comparing gravimetric and electrochemical measurements. The findings revealed that, for all investigated materials, a fraction of the metallic surface exposed to the corrosive medium did not reveal a normal electrochemical response to the applied signal. This may be associated with phenomena such as partial disintegration of specimens into fine metallic particles, electrochemical formation of ions, and/or anomalous chemical attack occurring simultaneously with the normal electrochemical corrosion attack. The abnormal electrochemical behaviour was more evident for lower amounts of aluminium in the bulk composition of the investigated materials. Thus, the electrochemical estimates of pure Mg and the AZ31 alloy were not reliable and tended to underestimate corrosion losses.
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Lugo Islas, Gabriela, Ernesto Gallardo Castán, Jehú Alan Ocaña Badillo, Rosario Chavez Rosales, Norma Garcia Navarro, Gonzalo Galicia Aguilar, José Luis Ramírez Reyes, and Aurora Edelmira Galicia Badillo. "Electrochemical Evaluation of Phosphated Galvanized Steel." ECS Transactions 110, no. 1 (February 13, 2023): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11001.0299ecst.
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In this paper, the behavior of corrosion in phosphated galvanized steel without defect and with surface defect is evaluated in electrolyte solutions of sodium chloride at a concentration of 3% and sodium sulfate 0.1 M with the objective of simulating the marine environment with presence of chlorides, and sulfates for the industrial environment. In the experimental methodology, samples of phosphated galvanized steel are used, each of the samples were exposed in the electrolyte of sodium chloride at a concentration of 3% and 0.1 M sodium sulfate. The phosphated galvanized steel was evaluated with electrochemical techniques Lineal Polarization Resistance, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Potentiodynamic Curves in order to study and predict the corrosion behavior that can be obtained according to the type of electrolyte. Regarding the final result in both cases, both for the plate with defect and without defect, a greater effect of corrosion was observed in galvanized steel exposed in NaCl compared to Na2SO4. Phosphate protection influenced the corrosive processes produced by the solutions, since phosphates slow down the corrosion process. When the exposure time elapses, a thicker layer of possible corrosive products is generated, retarding the effects of corrosion.
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Bautista-Ruiz, Jorge, Jorge Sánchez-Molina, and Willian Aperador. "High-Temperature Corrosion Behavior of Bi3.75La0.25Ti3O12 and Bi3La1Ti3O12 Coating Prepared by rf Magnetron Sputtering." Metals 12, no. 10 (September 23, 2022): 1585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12101585.
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Using the rf magnetron sputtering technique, Bi3.75La0.25Ti3O12 and Bi3La1Ti3O12 coatings were formed and obtained as a thin film on Hastelloy substrates. When subjected to high-temperature conditions, the effect of lanthanum on the anti-corrosive properties of the coatings was investigated. The anti-corrosive response was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic curves, which are rarely reported. Hot corrosion occurs through the electrochemical mechanism, and more information can be obtained through electrochemical corrosion tests, which are very effective and fast. The electrochemical behavior at high temperatures was studied via molten salt corrosion tests, potentiodynamic polarization curves, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Additionally, the coatings were evaluated via scanning electron microscopy and transmission microscopy to determine their morphology. With X-ray diffraction, the crystallinity of the films was determined. It was determined that the corrosion rate directly correlates with the temperature, attributed to the mechanisms induced by the Na2SO4 and V2O5 salts that generated condensation. As the temperature increases, the density of the corrosion current increases in the thin films of Bi3.75La0.25Ti3O12 and Bi3La1Ti3O12. When comparing the two compounds, it is determined that the increase in lanthanum alters the positive acid character, thus reducing the dissolution of the oxides and increasing protection.
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Yan, Hao, Gang Chen, Shipeng Huang, Yao Dai, and Kun Liao. "Simulation research on near-neutral electrochemical corrosion of ferrite–pearlite pipeline steel." AIP Advances 12, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 085322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0101101.
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The problem of electrochemical corrosion of buried pipelines in near-neutral electrolytes leads to defects in or even fracture of oil and gas pipelines and the leakage of natural gas. Based on the principle of material diffusion and migration, the research object established an electrochemical corrosion model under the metallographic structure of pipes with ferritic–pearlitic pipeline steel. The results show that the most severe corrosion occurs at the center of the corrosion on the surface of the pipeline steel in a near-neutral corrosive environment. In addition, due to corrosion product accumulation, the material corrosion rate increased by about 38%. The electrolyte potential near the corrosion electrode is smaller, the ion concentration near the electrode is the highest, and the mass transfer phenomenon around the corrosion electrode is obvious. When the material undergoes metallographic corrosion, the corrosion is more severe. This research method can be used to predict the electrochemical corrosion occurring in the metal structure of buried pipelines and has some guidance for the assessment of the integrity of the external surface of buried pipes.
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Gharaibeh, Ali, Ilona Felhősi, Zsófia Keresztes, Gábor Harsányi, Balázs Illés, and Bálint Medgyes. "Electrochemical Corrosion of SAC Alloys: A Review." Metals 10, no. 10 (September 23, 2020): 1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10101276.
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Tin–silver–copper (SAC) solder alloys are the most promising candidates to replace Sn–Pb solder alloys. However, their application is still facing several challenges; one example is the electrochemical corrosion behaviour, which imposes a risk to electronics reliability. Numerous investigations have been carried out to evaluate the corrosion performance of SAC lead-free alloys, regarding the effect of the corrosive environment, the different manufacturing technologies, the effect of fluxes, the metallic contents within the SAC alloys themselves, and the different alloying elements. In these studies, widely used electrochemical techniques are applied as accelerated corrosion tests, such as linear sweep voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. However, there is lack of studies that try to summarise the various corrosion results in terms of lead-free solder alloys including low-Ag and composite solders. This study aims to review these studies by showing the most important highlights regarding the corrosion processes and the possible future developments.
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Zhang, Jifu, Chunming Deng, Jinbing Song, Changguang Deng, Min Liu, and Mingjiang Dai. "Electrochemical Corrosive Behaviors of Fe-Based Amorphous/ Nanocrystalline Coating on Stainless Steel Prepared by HVOF-Sprayed." Coatings 9, no. 4 (March 29, 2019): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9040226.
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In this study, FeCrMnWMoSi amorphous/nanocrystalline coating was prepared on stainless steel by high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spraying. In order to thoroughly evaluate this novel material, the corrosion behaviors and corrosive film characteristics of the amorphous/nanocrystalline coating in NaCl corrosive media were studied using electrochemical measurement technologies such as potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It was found that the corrosion resistance of Fe-based amorphous/nanocrystalline coating could be attributed to the passive film formed, which consisted of Fe, Cr, Mo, and W oxides. pH has an important influence on the corrosion resistance of amorphous/nanocrystalline coating by changing the pitting corrosion mechanism. Under neutral and acidic conditions, the corrosion mechanism of Fe-based amorphous/nanocrystalline coating was mainly local pitting corrosion. However, under strong alkaline conditions, the amorphous/nanocrystalline coating not only had pitting corrosion, but also had the active dissolution of the passive film. Therefore, the anti-corrosion performance of Fe-based amorphous/nanocrystalline coating under alkaline conditions was not as good as neutral and acidic corrosive medium.
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Lee, Ki Hong, Young Hee Jung, Jun Pil Hwang, and Jong Sung Sim. "Evaluation of Electrochemical Treatment of Chloride Contaminated Mortar Containing GGBS." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4167475.
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The present study concerns the influence of cementitious binder on electrochemical treatment of steel embedded in salt contaminated mortar. As binder, ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) were used and the current density of 250–750 mA/m2 was applied for 4 weeks to complete electrochemical chloride extraction. To evaluate the effect of electrochemical treatment the chloride profile and corrosion behaviour covering chloride concentration, galvanic current density, linear polarization resistance, open circuit potential, and mass loss were measured. An increase in the applied direct current density resulted in a decrease in the chloride concentration at the vicinity of steel, accompanying the mitigated corrosion damage. The performance of electrochemical treatment was more remarkable in mortar containing GGBS presumably due to binding mechanism. However, corrosion damage was more detrimental in GGBS rather than OPC at a given potential, while GGBS had superior corrosion resistance to a corrosive environment and treatment conditions. Therefore, the electrochemical treatment should be conducted prudently to evaluate the corrosion state of embedded steel depending on binder type.
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Tian, Feng, and Lin Pan. "Effect of Glutaraldehyde on Corrosion of X80 Pipeline Steel." Coatings 11, no. 10 (September 28, 2021): 1176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11101176.
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Glutaraldehyde (GA) is widely employed as a biocide to control microbiologically influenced corrosion in oil fields and industrial water treatment. It might be corrosive to metal. In this study, the effect of glutaraldehyde on the corrosion behavior of X80 pipeline steel was investigated using electrochemical measurement, weight-loss tests and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The weight-loss and electrochemical data show that GA accelerates the corrosion of samples under aerobic conditions, but just slightly influences the corrosion of steel under anaerobic conditions. The results showed that the glutaraldehyde has a minor effect on the corrosion of steel under anaerobic conditions.
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Kang, Zhi Xin, Yuan Yuan Li, and Kunio Mori. "Application of Polymer Plating to Inhibit Corrosion of Magnesium Alloy." Materials Science Forum 488-489 (July 2005): 661–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.488-489.661.
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An organic compound of dihexyl-contained triazine dithiol was specially synthesized for surface modification of magnesium alloy AZ91 in order to improve its corrosion resistance. The nano-scale polymer film on the surface of AZ91 was created with the synthesized compound by means of electrochemical measuring system called as polymer plating in the electrolytic solution. The modified surface of AZ91 had the peculiar functional characteristic of water repellency to inhibit corrosion. Corrosion tests were carried out with methods of polarization curve and electrochemical impedance. The corrosion resistance was evaluated from corrosive current density and reactive resistance. When concentration of the compound was set on 8 mol/m3, the good corrosion resistance was obtained for low corrosive current density and high reactive resistance in NaCl aqueous solution at 303K.
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Song, Q. H., F. S. Hao, Y. F. Zhang, Q. Li, and J. J. Li. "Electrochemical corrosion behavior of plasma sprayed Cr2O3-25TiO2 composite coatings." Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 18, no. 2 (July 2, 2023): 751–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/djnb.2023.182.751.
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In this paper, Cr2O3-25TiO2 composite coatings were prepared on the surface of steel structure samples by atmospheric plasma spraying. The phase composition, microstructure, microhardness and long-term immersion corrosion behavior in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution of Cr2O3-25TiO2 composite coatings were studied. The corrosion behavior of Cr2O3-25TiO2 composite coating was analyzed by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The impedance data were fitted into an appropriate equivalent circuit to explain the electrochemical corrosion behavior of the coating at different stages. The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the Cr2O3-25TiO2 composite coating was agglomerated, and the rhombohedral Cr2O3 powder was wrapped around the rhombohedral TiO2 powder. The coating melted completely without obvious defected. The XRD results showed that no phase transformation occurred in the Cr2O3-25TiO2 composite coating. The Cr2O3-25TiO2 coatings showed high corrosion resistance and good passivation behavior in the initial stage of corrosion. The coating itself did not corrode. With the extension of corrosion time, the corrosive medium had passed through the pores between the coatings, resulting in the contact between the corrosive medium and the matrix interface, resulting in the matrix corrosion damage. Corrosion products would deposit on the surface of the coating, blocking the pores between the coatings, and the corrosion rate would be reduced.
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Dražić, D. M., and J. P. Popić. "Electrochemistry of Active Chromium: Part 1—Anomalous Corrosion and Products of Chromium Dissolution in Deaerated Sulfuric Acid." Corrosion 60, no. 3 (March 1, 2004): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3287734.
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Abstract Chromium corroding in deaerated aqueous solution of sulfuric acid (H2SO4; pH 1 to 3) produces Cr(II) and Cr(III) ions simultaneously in the ratio 7:1, as well as H2. The corrosion potentials of electrochemically activated chromium are determined by the electrochemical processes as expected according to the Wagner-Traud model. However, the real rates of chromium corrosion determined by collecting evolved hydrogen, spectrophotometric determination of the accumulated Cr ions in the solution, or by weight-loss measurements are higher than the electrochemical dissolution rate by up to 12 times for pH 1.0. The effect is smaller for higher pH. This was due to the simultaneous “anomalous” (or chemical) dissolution process of the direct chemical reaction of Cr with H2O molecules, as proposed some time ago by Kolotyrkin and coworkers. Since “anomalous” dissolution cannot be detected by electrochemical means, it has been pointed out that in the presence of “anomalous” dissolution processes during metal corrosion, electrochemical corrosion rate measurements should be taken only as approximate, while the level of approximation should be determined by some other direct corrosion rate measurement method.
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He, Yaling, Xiaomin Wang, Jie Hu, Qiang Zhou, and Hui Chen. "Effect of Cu content on exfoliation corrosion and electrochemical corrosion of A7N01 aluminum alloy in EXCO solution." International Journal of Modern Physics B 31, no. 16-19 (July 26, 2017): 1744005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979217440052.
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The exfoliation corrosion (EXCO) sensitivities and electrochemical corrosions of A7N01 aluminum (Al) alloys with 0.074% and 0.136% Cu contents were investigated in EXCO solution. The exfoliation corrosion developed more rapidly for the alloy with 0.136% Cu by expressing higher exfoliation rate and deeper corrosion pits as observed by SEM and laser confocal scanning microscopy (LCSM). In EXCO solution, the alloy with 0.136% Cu content showed lower open-circuit potential (OCP) than the alloy with 0.074% Cu content. The alloy with 0.136% Cu content had bigger “hysteresis loop” in cyclic polarization curve which meant lower self-passivation ability. In electrochemical impedance spectroscopy plot, its curvature radius and capacitance index were lower. The electrochemical test results revealed that the alloy with 0.136% Cu content showed more severe electrochemical corrosion than the alloy with 0.074% Cu content, consistent with the exfoliation corrosion results. The microstructures of two alloys were observed through optical microscopy (OM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The continuous distribution of the equilibrium precipitate [Formula: see text]-MgZn2 on grain boundaries, the decreasing of the width of precipitate-free zone (PFZ) and the coarse Cu–Fe–Si–rich phase were responsible for the higher corrosion sensitivity of the Al alloy with 0.136% Cu than that of Al alloy with 0.074% Cu content in EXCO solution.
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Yang, Qin. "Influence of Electrochemical Anticorrosion Technology on Concrete Structure and Performance." Journal of Chemistry 2022 (August 30, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5702379.
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In order to solve the problem of steel bar desensitization in island concrete, which leads to steel bar corrosion and greatly reduces the service life of structures, this work studies the influence of electrochemical corrosion prevention technology on the structure and performance of concrete. Through linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the reinforcement in seawater sand concrete and ordinary concrete under two different chloride ion erosion modes was tested electrochemically, and then, its polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectrum were obtained and analyzed. The experimental results show that the slope ratio of anode Tafel decreases significantly under the condition of steel bar passivation. The self-corrosion potential of reinforcement is −204 MV, which is much higher than −480 MV obtained from early testing. The self-corrosion potential obtained from the L3 polarization test tends to be stable after 84 days. As the test continues, the capacitive reactance arc in L1 and L2 medium-frequency region will gradually disappear with the continuous development of corrosion. Conclusion. This study explains the electrochemical mechanism and rate of reinforcement corrosion in seawater and sea sand concrete.
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Goo, Byeong Choon. "An Experimental Study on the Corrosion and Fatigue of Structural Steels." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 1059–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.1059.
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In general, structural integrity of rolling stock structures should last more than 25 years. During the lifetime corrosive degradation occurs. For structural design and diagnosis, quantitative relationship between corrosive degradation and variation of mechanical properties such as tensile strength and fatigue strength is needed. In this study, electrochemical corrosion tests, atmospheric corrosion tests and fatigue tests of corroded specimens were carried out. The electrochemical characteristics of SS400, SM490A, SUS205L and SUS304 were examined. At regular intervals tensile and fatigue tests were carried out by using specimens of SM490A and SS400 on the atmospheric corrosion test bed. The fatigue strength decreases as the atmospheric corrosion period increases. In addition, the effect of heat treatment on the tensile and fatigue behavior was studied.
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Seo, Dong-Il, and Jae-Bong Lee. "Localized Corrosion Resistance on Additively Manufactured Ti Alloys by Means of Electrochemical Critical Localized Corrosion Potential in Biomedical Solution Environments." Materials 14, no. 23 (December 6, 2021): 7481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237481.
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This study proposes a new method, electrochemical critical localized corrosion potential (E-CLCP), in order to evaluate localized corrosion resistance of biomedical additive manufacturing (AM) titanium (Ti) alloys. The procedures for determining E-CLCP are completely different from that of the electrochemical critically localized corrosion temperature (E-CLCT) method (ISO 22910:2020). However, its application should be limited to pH and temperature of the human body because of the temperature scan. E-CLCP displays the localized corrosion resistance of AM Ti alloys based on the human body’s repassivation kinetics, whereas E-CLCT displays the localized corrosion resistance of the alloys based on passive film breakdown in much harsher corrosive environments.
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Le Viet Binh. "Study on the anti-corrosion performance of multi-functional additives used in coolant for solder material." Journal of Military Science and Technology, no. 79 (May 19, 2022): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54939/1859-1043.j.mst.79.2022.82-88.
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This work presented the corrosion protection performance of anticorrosion multi-metal hybrid (AC-2MH) complex additive for solder materials in corrosive media. The AC-2MH complex contained traditional additives and organic acids. The Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results demonstrated the formation of active and passive protective layers on the surface of the alloys, which prevented the solder materials from corrosion. The electrochemical analysis also indicated that the multifunctional additive had the capability of inhibiting the corrosion rate up to 97-99% under normal conditions (30-40 oC). At high temperatures (60-70 oC), the corrosion inhibition efficiency was significantly reduced to 89-94%.
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Heusler, K. E., D. Landolt, and S. Trasatti. "Electrochemical corrosion nomenclature." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry 274, no. 1-2 (December 1989): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(89)87063-9.
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Zhao, Pengxiong, Wei Wu, Zeyu Ma, and Yong Dan. "In situ study on the effect of stress on corrosion behavior of AZ91 magnesium alloy." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 69, no. 2 (February 10, 2022): 204–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-09-2021-2542.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the corrosion evolution process of AZ91 magnesium alloy in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution under different stresses by using in situ methods, thereby evaluate the influence of stress on the corrosion sensitivity of AZ91 magnesium alloy, and discuss the potential mechanism. Design/methodology/approach A four-point bending method was used to apply different loads to the magnesium alloy samples, a charge coupled device camera and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test being used for in situ study. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were performed for corrosion product and morphology characteristics. Findings The observation results show that the corrosion of AZ91 magnesium alloy becomes more and more serious with the increase in the stress and generated many corrosion products. Originally, corrosion products prevented alloy matrix from contacting the corrosive medium. However, the increase in the stress facilitated the emergence of the corrosion holes in the corrosion products, which provided the microscopic channels for corrosive solution to attack the Mg alloy matrix, and accelerated the corrosion of the magnesium alloy, resulting in a lot of corrosion pits on the magnesium alloy surface under the corrosion product layer. Originality/value The evolution information of corrosion process is crucial to explore the mechanism of corrosion. Currently, most researches about corrosion of magnesium alloy used traditional testing techniques to obtain corrosion information, lacking the direct tracking and monitoring of the corrosion evolution process. Hence, this paper focuses on in situ corrosion study of AZ91 magnesium alloy. The technology with spatial resolution capability observed the changes in magnesium alloy surface at different times in the corrosion process in situ. Meanwhile, the in situ electrochemical technology was used to monitor the changes in micro-electrochemical signals during the corrosion process of magnesium alloy under different stresses.
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Lewandowski, Zbigniew, Wayne Dickinson, and Whonchee Lee. "Electrochemical interactions of biofilms with metal surfaces." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 1 (July 1, 1997): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0067.
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Two mechanisms of microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) are discussed and compared: corrosion modified by the presence of (1) sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and (2) manganese-oxidizing bacteria (MOB). It is demonstrated that the nature of MIC in both cases depends on the nature of inorganic materials precipitated at the metal surface, iron sulfides and manganese oxides. Those materials are electrochemically active and, therefore, modify the electrochemical processes naturally occurring at the metal-solution interface. Some of these modifications may lead to accelerated corrosion.
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Bogatu, Nicoleta, Lidia Benea, Elena Roxana Axente, and Jean Pierre Celis. "Enhancement of Corrosion Resistance Properties of Electrodeposited Ni/nano-TiC Composite Layers." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 11 (May 28, 2022): 6069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116069.
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This paper presents novel results on the effects of the dispersion of titanium carbide nanoparticles (50 nm mean diameter) into a nickel-plating electrolyte on the corrosion behavior of the nanocomposite layers obtained. The Ni/nano-TiC layers are compared with pure nickel layers obtained at the same electrodeposition parameters with 60 mA·cm−2 current density and 10 min deposition time. The comparative corrosion performances are investigated using a three-electrode electrochemical cell in a solution (mixed boric acid with lithium hydroxide), which simulates the primary water circuit of pressurized water reactors (PWRs). Open circuit potential measurement and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were employed as the electrochemical methods, using an electrochemical workstation connected to an electrochemical cell, as well as a PC with software to drive the experimental work. The results clearly revealed enhanced corrosion properties for the Ni/nano-TiC hybrid layers as compared to the pure Ni layers. The significantly improved corrosion behavior can be attributed to the TiC nanoparticles embedded into the Ni matrix, which have the effect of insulating centers at the composite layer/corrosive solution interface.
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Li, Ming, Huajie Wu, and Yanhui Sun. "Corrosion Performance of Welded Joints for E40 Marine Steel." Metals 13, no. 9 (August 28, 2023): 1528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13091528.
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Marine steel requires excellent toughness and corrosion resistance in a low-temperature seawater environment. In this study, corrosion tests on E40 steel were performed, including electrochemical testing of the weld metal and heat-affected zone, dynamic corrosion testing in a simulated seawater environment, and the analysis and comparison of results obtained using different methods. The corrosion resistance of E40 was determined by measuring the saturation current density of the anodic dissolution of the steel in a corrosive medium by an electrochemical method. Under laboratory conditions, the corrosion resistance was investigated under simulated seawater. The results showed that regions with uneven microhardness corresponded to the inhomogeneity of the corrosion potential, with measured fluctuations of up to 40 mV. Nanoscale corrosive–aggressive non-metallic inclusions served as a substrate for the deposition of titanium and niobium carbonitrides, thereby weakening the corrosion resistance. The corrosion rate of the base metal was 1.16–1.64 mm/year, which was slightly higher than that of the heat-affected zone. The influence of deposition on the corrosion performance of welded joints under different deoxygenation processes was studied, and the deposition composition was controlled by a deoxygenation process to improve the corrosion resistance of the steel plate.
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Łosiewicz, Bożena, Magdalena Popczyk, Tomasz Goryczka, Józef Lelątko, Agnieszka Smołka, and Piotr Kowalski. "Structure and Resistance to Electrochemical Corrosion of NiTi Alloy." Solid State Phenomena 203-204 (June 2013): 335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.203-204.335.
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The NiTi alloy (50.6 at.% Ni) passivated for 30 min at 130°C by autoclaving has been studied towards corrosion resistance in aqueous solutions of 3% NaCl, 0.1 M H2SO4, 1 M H2SO4 and HBSS. Structure and thickness of the passive layer (TiO2, rutile) were examined by X-ray reflectivity method and high resolution electron microscopy. Corrosion behavior of this oxide layer was investigated by open circuit potential method and polarization curves. It was found that the corrosion resistance of the passivated NiTi alloy is strongly dependent on the type of corrosive environment. The higher corrosion resistance of the tested samples was revealed in sulfate solutions as compared to chloride ones. The highest resistance to electrochemical corrosion of the NiTi alloy was observed in 0.1 M H2SO4 solution. Susceptibility to pitting corrosion of the tested samples was observed which increased with the concentration rise of chlorine anions in solution. Electrochemical tests for 316L stainless steel carried out under the same experimental conditions revealed a weaker corrosion resistance in all solutions as compared to the highly corrosion resistant NiTi alloy.
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Shozib, Imtiaz Ahmed, Azlan Ahmad, Ahmad Majdi Abdul-Rani, Mohammadali Beheshti, and Abdul’Azeez Abdu Aliyu. "A review on the corrosion resistance of electroless Ni-P based composite coatings and electrochemical corrosion testing methods." Corrosion Reviews 40, no. 1 (December 9, 2021): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2020-0091.
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Abstract This paper aims to review the impact of different factors influencing the corrosion resistance of electroless Ni-P based coatings. Emphasis has been given onto the impact of phosphorus content, incorporation of alloying elements, addition of particles and heat treatment which have been discussed in detail and critically reviewed. The effect of corrosive media and coating process parameters on corrosion resistance are studied concisely. Furthermore, the role of the incorporation of various elements and particles’ contents on the corrosion resistance of electroless Ni-P coating are studied systematically. This paper also presents an overview of the latest electrochemical corrosion measuring techniques. The following approaches deserve special attention in the analysis: localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (LEIS), scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET), scanning ion-selective electrode technique (SIET), scanning droplet cell (SDC), scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and novel contactless technique (NCT).
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Arrieta-Gonzalez, Cinthya Dinorah, Roberto Ademar Rodriguez-Diaz, Jan Mayen, Rogel Fernando Retes-Mantilla, María Teresa Torres-Mancera, Lya Adlih Oros-Méndez, Héctor Cruz-Mejía, Nestor Starlin Flores-Garcia, and Jesús Porcayo-Calderon. "Electrochemical Performance of Fe40Al-X (X = Cr, Ti, Co, Ni) Alloys Exposed to Artificial Saliva." Materials 13, no. 5 (March 1, 2020): 1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13051095.
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Fe–Al intermetallic compounds have been considered excellent candidates as alternative alloys for various applications in corrosive environments compared to other Fe-based alloys. Their excellent corrosion resistance is due to the development of an Al-based passive layer. The performance of the passive layer can be improved by adding a third alloy element. Therefore, in this study the electrochemical performance of the Fe40Al intermetallic alloy modified by the addition of a third alloy element (Cr, Ti, Co, Ni) is evaluated. The corrosion resistance of intermetallic alloys has been evaluated by electrochemical tests (potentiodynamic polarization curves, and measurements of open circuit potential, linear polarization and electrochemical impedance) in artificial saliva. The performance of intermetallic alloys was compared with that of Ti. The results obtained showed that the addition of Ni and Ti substantially improves the corrosion resistance of the base intermetallic. The corrosion resistance shown is comparable or greater than that shown by Ti. However, the addition of Co reduces the corrosion resistance of the base intermetallic.
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Wang, Qing Juan, Y. C. Wang, Zhong Ze Du, and Xiao Yan Liu. "Investigation on Corrosion Behaviors of Ultra-Fine Grain Copper in 3.5% NaCl Solution." Materials Science Forum 667-669 (December 2010): 1125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.667-669.1125.
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The corrosion behavior of ultra-fine grain (UFG) copper bulk prepared by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) was studied in 3.5% NaCl solution. The effect of ECAP deformation on the copper corrosion is controversial in the literature, and worth to verify by means of various experimental techniques. Corrosion performances of UFG copper were investigated in comparison with that in recrystallized coarse grain (CG) copper by polarization curves, Tafel extrapolation method, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). The shape of polarization curves and type of corrosive attack remains the same in the UFG and the coarse-grain state. UFG copper exhibited a lower corrosion current and high self-corrosion potential in comparison with CG copper. Electrochemical experimental results showed that UFG copper increased in resistance to corrosion compared with CG copper. This decrease in corrosion resistance was mainly attributed to the more compact corrosion film of UFG copper. The compact passive film led to decrease of the diffusion capability of ions within the corrosion film and corrosion rate.
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Zheng, M., M. Shuai, and J. Yu. "Influence of deformation on electrochemical properties of Q235 steel." Koroze a ochrana materialu 62, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kom-2018-0015.
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Abstract The influence of deformation on electrochemical properties of Q235 steel is studied. The uni-axial tension of the steel is conducted on universal testing machine to get a series of strain, 0.07%, 6%, 11% and 24%, respectively. The deformation process for strain of 0.07% is controlled by load, and the others are controlled by displacement correspondingly. Afterward, the tests of potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are conducted for the deformed steel in 0.01 mol.dm−3 NaCl solution. The results showed that plastic deformation leads to crystalline grains refine and elongate, and crystalline boundary increases, it induces more corrosive possibility and lower corrosive resistance; the corrosion potential of Q235 steel becomes more negative with the increase of deformation amount, and the corrosion current density increases with the amount of deformation; the corrosion resistance decrease with the increase of deformation seriously.
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Drazic, Dragutin, and Jovan Popic. "Dissolution of chromium in sulfuric acid." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 67, no. 11 (2002): 777–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0211777d.
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By combining electrochemical corrosion rate measurements and spectrophotometric analysis of the electrolyte it was shown that at room temperature chromium dissolves in deaerated 0.1M Na2SO4 + H2SO4 (pH1) solution as Cr(II) and Cr(III) ions in he ratio Cr(II):Cr(III)?7:1. This process was stable over 4h without any detectable change. The total corrosion rate of chromium calculated from the analytical data is about 12 times higher, than that determined electrochemically by cathodic Tafel line extrapolation to the corrosion potential. This finding was confirmed by applying the weight-loss method for the determination of the corrosion rate. This enormous difference between these experimentally determined corrosion rates can be explained by the rather fast, "anomalous" dissolution process proposed by Kolotyrkin and coworkers (chemical reaction of Cr with H2O molecules) occurring simultaneously with the electrochemical corrosion process.
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Wang, You Qiang. "Experimental Study of the Corrosion Behaviors on the Rod and Tube Material in Oil Pumping Wells." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 1790–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.1790.
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To study the corrosion behaviors on the rod and tube materials used in oil well is very important for prolonging oil well repairing periods, lowering oil production maintenance costs and increasing oil production efficiency. Through selecting some kinds of tube and rod materials which are always used in oilfield, chemical corrosion experiment and electrochemical corrosion experiment were carried out under different conditions. The results show that the corrosion rates are accelerated with material prestress increasing, liquid mineralization rate and temperature rising. The nitrified materials have better corrosive resistance than untreated materials. The electrochemical corrosion experiment results show that the electrode potentials of four materials (45, 20CrMo, J55, N80) have tiny difference and don’t exceed 20mV. The bimetallic corrosion tests show that the couple corrosion of the four selected materials pair can be ignored under short period and oxygen conditions.
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Gao, Jianzhuo, Ningxi Wang, Hui Chen, and Xuexu Xu. "The Influence of 1 wt.% Cr on the Corrosion Resistance of Low-Alloy Steel in Marine Environments." Metals 13, no. 6 (May 30, 2023): 1050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13061050.
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In this study, the effects of 1 wt.% Cr addition on the corrosion behavior and mechanisms of low-alloy structural steel in a marine environment were investigated through immersion experiments, corrosion product analysis, and electrochemical experimental systems. The results demonstrate that the addition of 1 wt.% Cr significantly enhances the corrosion resistance of low-alloy steel in marine environments. The influence of Cr addition on the corrosion product layer was analyzed through rust layer morphology, cross-sectional morphology, elemental distribution, and electrochemical systems. Cr addition effectively promotes the densification of the corrosion product layer on the surface of low-alloy steel in marine environments, hindering the penetration of corrosive ions and thus improving corrosion resistance. This study’s findings can promote the optimization of corrosion resistance in low-alloy steel in marine environments and enhance its application prospects in marine environments.
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Li, Ming Sheng, Dan Zhang, Yi Ming Jiang, and Jin Li. "Corrosion of Amorphous Fe73.5Si13.5B9Nb3Cu1 Alloys on the Synergistic Effect of Chloride and Hydroxyl Ions." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 1550–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.1550.
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The soft-magnetic properties and service life of amorphous or nanocrystalline Fe73.5Si13.5B9Nb3Cu1 have been influenced by the corrosion of the alloy. In this study, the electrochemical corrosions of amorphous Fe73.5Si13.5B9Nb3Cu1 in the blend solutions of sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide were investigated by linear polarization (PLZ) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique. The presence of OH- in the blend solution gave rise to typical passivation of the alloy. A suitable concentration of OH- was required for the low corrosion rate. And the higher concentration of OH- led to a faster corrosion. Increase of concentration of Cl- aroused more obvious corrosion. These results were ascribed to the deteriorating effect of Cl- and high-concentration OH- on the passive film formed on the surface of amorphous Fe73.5Si13.5B9Nb3Cu1.
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Wang, Jun, Qiuyue Wang, Yun Zhao, Pengfei Li, Tongyuan Ji, Gongnian Zou, Yanxin Qiao, Zhou Zhou, Guowei Wang, and Dan Song. "Research Progress of Macrocell Corrosion of Steel Rebar in Concrete." Coatings 13, no. 5 (April 30, 2023): 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13050853.
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Macrocell corrosion of steel rebar in concrete induced by corrosive environments has attracted widespread attention in the engineering community due to its rapid corrosion rate, diverse forms, and multiple incentives. Potential differences between dissimilar coupled rebar or different parts of the same rebar mainly cause macrocell corrosion of steel rebar. The more significant the potential difference, the faster the corrosion rate of the macrocell. Based on the existing research reports on macrocell corrosion of reinforced concrete, this review paper comprehensively discusses the macro- and micro-corrosion behavior of various types of steel rebar, and a variety of induction factors, such as dissimilar metals and concentration differences of the service environment, development rules. and electrochemical mechanisms for corrosion of rebar macrocells are summarized. ZRA (zero-resistance ammeter), micro-area electrochemical testing technology and evaluation techniques commonly used in the laboratory, and electrochemical testing techniques used in engineering testing are listed. Common experimental models for corrosion of rebar macrocells are briefly introduced. Based on the internal characteristics of macrocell corrosion of reinforced concrete, this paper further proposes the control strategy of macrocell corrosion, starting from the improvement of the corrosion resistance of the rebar and regulating the service environment of the reinforced concrete structure (RCS). Meanwhile, the future direction of macrocell corrosion of steel rebar is also preliminarily prospected.
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Cheng, Yuanpeng, Yu Bai, Shanfa Tang, Dukui Zheng, Zili Li, and JianGuo Liu. "Corrosion behavior of X65 steel in CO2-saturated oil/water environment of gathering and transportation pipeline." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 66, no. 5 (September 2, 2019): 671–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-02-2019-2081.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the corrosion behavior of X65 steel in the CO2-saturated oil/water environment using mass loss method, potentiodynamic polarization technique and characterization of the corroded surface techniques. Design/methodology/approach The weight loss analysis, electrochemical study and surface investigation were carried out on X65 steel that had been immersed in the CO2/oil/water corrosive medium to understand the corrosion behavior of gathering and transportation pipeline steel. The weight loss tests were carried out in a 3 L autoclave, and effects of water cut and temperature on the CO2 corrosion rate of X65 steel were studied. Electrochemical studies were carried out in a three-electrode electrochemical cell with the test temperature was 60°C, and the CO2 partial pressure was 1 atm by recording open circuit potential/time and potentiodynamic polarization characteristics. The surface and cross-sectional morphologies of corrosion product scales were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The phases of corrosion product scales were investigated using x-ray diffraction. Findings The results showed that due to the wetting and adsorption of crude oil, the corrosion morphology of X65 steel changed under different water cuts. When the water cut of crude oil was 40-50 per cent, uniform corrosion occurred on the steel surface, accompanied by local pitting. While the water cut was 70-80 per cent, the resulting corrosion product scales were thick, loose and partial shedding caused platform corrosion. When the water cut was 90 per cent, the damaged area of platform corrosion was enlarged. Crude oil can hinder the corrosion scales from being dissolved by the corrosive medium, and change dimension and accumulation pattern of the crystal grain, thickness and structure of the corrosion scales. Under the corrosion inhibition effect of crude oil, the temperature sensitive point of X65 steel corrosion process moved to low temperature, appeared at about 50°C, lower corrosion rate interval was broadened and the corrosion resistance of X65 steel was enhanced. Originality/value The results can be helpful in selecting the applicable corrosion inhibitors and targeted anti-corrosion measures for CO2-saturated oil/water corrosive environment.
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Cheng, Yuanpeng, Zili Li, Yalei Zhao, Yazhou Xu, Qianqian Liu, and Yu Bai. "Effect of main controlling factor on the corrosion behaviour of API X65 pipeline steel in the CO2/oil/water environment." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 64, no. 4 (June 5, 2017): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-04-2016-1665.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper was to investigate the corrosion behaviour of API X65 pipeline steel in the simulated CO2/oil/water emulsion using weight loss technique, potentiodynamic polarization technique and characterization of the corroded surface techniques. Design/methodology/approach The weight loss analysis, electrochemical study and surface investigation were carried out on API X65 pipeline steel that had been immersed in the CO2/oil/water corrosive medium to understand the corrosion behaviour of gathering pipeline steel. The weight loss tests were carried out in a 3L autoclave, and effects of temperature, CO2 partial pressure, water cut and flow velocity on the CO2 corrosion rate of API X65 pipeline steel were studied. Electrochemical studies were carried out in a three-electrode electrochemical cell with the test temperature was 60°C, and the CO2 partial pressure was 1 atm by recording open circuit potential/time and potentiodynamic polarization characteristics. The surface and cross-sectional morphologies of corrosion product scales were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The phases of corrosion product scales were investigated using X-ray diffraction. Findings The results showed that water cut was the main controlling factor of API X65 steel corrosion under the conditions of CO2/oil/water multiphase flow, and it had significant impact on corrosion morphology. In the case of higher water cut or pure water phase, general corrosion occurred on the steel surface. While water cut was below 70 per cent, corrosion morphology transformed into localized corrosion, crude oil decreased corrosion rate significantly and played a role of inhibitor. Crude oil hindered the corrosion scales from being dissolved by corrosive medium and changed dimension and accumulation pattern of the crystal grain, thickness and structure of the corrosion scales; thus, it influenced the corrosion rate. The primary corrosion product of API X65 steel was ferrous carbonate, which could act as a protective film at low water cut so that the corrosion rate can be reduced. Originality/value The results can be helpful in selecting the suitable corrosion inhibitors and targeted anti-corrosion measures for CO2/oil/water corrosive environment.
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Ryu, Hwa Sung, and Han Seung Lee. "Study on the Anti- Corrosion Properties of Organic and Inorganic Inhibitor by Electrochemical Treatment in Aqueous Solution." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 2070–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.2070.
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The various methods for improving chloride penetration resistance in the reinforced concrete have been developed. Among the related general ways, using of corrosion inhibitor became very common. Therefore, in this study, in order to comprehend performance of corrosion inhibitor, the experiment study was conducted about corrosion characteristic of 3 steps(0.0, norm 1/2, norm) compared to organic corrosion inhibitor standard use of liquid and molar 3 steps(0.0, 0.3, 0.6%) of Chloride by added amount of inorganic corrosion inhibitor by the corrosion inhibitor types about 2.4kg/m3, 4.8kg/m3based on Chloride ion content 1.2kg/m3for service life prediction of concrete structure by using Poteniostat. As results, in the case of inorganic nitrous acid corrosion inhibitor, it was confirmed that anti-corrosive performance of Chloride ion content 1.2kg/m3by corrosion Ecorr -0.30V in more than molar ratio 0.3%, and it also was confirmed that anti-corrosive performance of 2.4kg/m3, 4.8kg/m3in more than molar ratio 0.6%. In addition, the excellent anti-corrosive performance of organic corrosion inhibitor was shown in 1/2(0.42kg/m3) of norm regardless of Chloride ion content, and it can be seen that absorption types organic corrosion inhibitor has excellent anti-corrosive performance compared to the inorganic nitrous acid corrosion inhibitor by the added amount of corrosion inhibitor.
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Branzoi, Florina, and Simona Petrescu. "The Electrodeposition of Derivatives of Pyrrole and Thiophene on Brass Alloy in the Presence of Dodecane-1-Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt in Acidic Medium and Its Anti-Corrosive Properties." Coatings 13, no. 5 (May 19, 2023): 953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13050953.
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In this paper, potentiostatic and galvanostatic deposition (electrochemical deposition) processes have been used for the obtained of a new composite polymer: N-methylpyrrole-sodium 1-dodecanesulfonate/poly 2-methylthiophene (PNMPY-1SSD/P2MT) coatings over brass electrode for corrosion protection. The sodium 1-dodecanesulfonate as a dopant ion employed in the electropolymerization procedure can have a meaningful effect on the anti-corrosion protection of the composite polymeric film by stopping the penetration of corrosive ions. The composite coatings have been characterized by cyclic voltammetry, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) procedures. The anti-corrosion performance of PNMPY-1SSD/P2MT coated brass has been investigated by potentiostatic and potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) practices in 0.5 M H2SO4 medium. The corrosion assessment of PNMPY-1SSD/P2MT coated brass was noticed to be ~9 times diminished than of uncoated brass, and the efficiency of these protective coatings of this coating is above 90%. The highest effectiveness is realized by the electrochemical deposition of PNMPY-1SSD/P2MT obtained at 1.1 V and 1.4 V potential applied and at 0.5 mA/cm2 and 1 mA/cm2 current densities applied in molar ratio 5:3. The outcomes of the corrosion tests denoted that PNMPY-1SSD/P2MT coatings assure good anti-corrosion protection of brass in corrosive media.
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Zhao, Lin, Yu Zhang, Bo Wen Li, Chuang Tai, and Ji Li. "Study on Electrochemical Noise of N80 Steel in NaCl Solution by Wavelet Analysis and Equivalent Circuit Theory." Advanced Materials Research 893 (February 2014): 392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.893.392.
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The electrochemical noise (EN) of N80 steel in NaCl solution has been studied by the wavelet and the equivalent circuit theory. Spectrum analysis showed that the corrosion data is no transient peaks, the variations of potential and current showed typical characteristics of uniform corrosion. Wavelet analysis results show that the different time energy fluctuations of different size ranges, low-level occur fluctuations repeatedly and high-level appear concave curve. Analysis shows that it is mainly due to uniform corrosion process, and the control step is diffusion process of corrosive ion. The applications of equivalent circuit analyze electrochemical noise data in theory, and describe the corrosion process by the components of potential noise and current noise power spectral density
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Brezinová, J., J. Koncz, D. Draganovská, and A. Guzanová. "The evaluation of corrosion properties of coated materials by utilization of EIS." Koroze a ochrana materialu 60, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kom-2016-0006.
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Abstract The paper presents results of research aimed at determining the corrosive properties of steel with cathode metal coating in selected corrosive environments. The corrosion properties of the tin coated steel were evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic tests. For realised measurements, distilled water, 0.5 mol dm−3 NaCl solution, 0.1 mol dm−3 NaCl solution and SARS, which simulates acid rain were used as corrosive solutions. Both corrosion methods are suitable for diagnosing corrosion properties of steel with metal coatings.
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Yong, X., C. Hou, J. Wu, Z. Zhang, and D. Li. "Cavitation Corrosion Behavior of Anodized Aluminum Alloy." Corrosion 67, no. 9 (September 1, 2011): 095003–095003. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3628685.
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Abstract The cavitation corrosion behavior and surface morphology of anodized aluminum alloy in 3.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution were investigated using weight loss and scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical corrosion mechanism during cavitation corrosion was studied using electrochemical polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The cavitation corrosion process could be divided into three stages: quick removal of the porous outer layer, slowly fragmenting and removing of the dense inner layer, and fast erosion of the aluminum alloy. Increasing the thickness of the anodized layer improved the cavitation corrosion resistance of the anodized aluminum alloy. Electrochemical corrosion processes under cavitation conditions were controlled by mixed cathodic and anodic processes. EIS spectra of anodized aluminum alloy under cavitation conditions resembled those from porous electrodes. Cavitation accelerated the electrochemical corrosion. Cavitation corrosion of anodized aluminum alloy showed strong synergism between mechanical and electrochemical corrosion factors.
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Abdulwahab, Majid I., Ayad B. Ahmed, and Aprael S. Yaro. "Corrosion Inhibition of Low Carbon Steel in Sulfuric Acid Using Polyvinyl Alcohol." Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 17, no. 1 (March 30, 2016): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2016.1.3.
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The inhibitive power of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) was investigated toward the corrosion of carbon steel in 0.2N H2SO4 solution in the temperature range of 30-60˚C and PVA concentration range of 150-2000 ppm.
The corrosion rate was measured using both the weight loss and the electrochemical techniques. The weight loss results showed that PVA could serve as a corrosion inhibitor but its inhibition power was found to be low for the corrosion of carbon steel in the acidic media. Electrochemical analysis of the corrosion process of carbon steel in an electrochemical corrosion cell was investigated using 3-Electrode corrosion cell. Polarization technique was used for carbon steel corrosion in 0.2N H2SO4 solutions in presence and absence of the inhibitor investigated. Electrochemical runs were done in the PVA concentrations of 150, 1000, and 2000 ppm and temperatures of 30, 40, 50, and 60˚C.
It was shown that the inhibition efficiency for PVA decreased with increasing temperature at a given PVA concentration. On the other hand it was shown that at given temperature the inhibition efficiency of PVA was increased with increasing of PVA concentration in the corrosive acid until a PVA concentration of 2000 ppm was reached.
The Maximum inhibition efficiency reached was about 71 % at 30ºC and 2000 ppm concentration, calculated by the weight loss technique. It was indicated also that the corrosion of carbon steel in 0.2N H2SO4 is highly activation controlled and inhibition action is occurring at both anodic and cathodic sites on the metal surface.
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Bösing, Ingmar, Marius Herrmann, Ilya Bobrov, Jorg Thöming, Bernd Kuhfuss, Jérémy Epp, and Michael Baune. "The influence of microstructure deformation on the corrosion resistance of cold formed stainless steel." MATEC Web of Conferences 190 (2018): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819004002.
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Rotary swaging is an incremental cold forming process to produce axisymmetric workpieces from rods and tubes. The process also induces changes of the microstructure of the material depending on the process parameters. This in turn influences the mechanical properties like hardness as well as the electrochemical properties. As a result of changed electrochemical properties, the passivity of the material and thus the corrosion behavior changes. In order to investigate the influence of rotary swaging on the corrosion behavior of the stainless steel AISI304, deformed micro parts are electrochemically analyzed. The measurements reveal a dependency of corrosion rate and impedance on both feed velocity and final diameter of the rotary swaging process. A higher feed velocity decreases the corrosion rate and increases the impedance indicating a better resistance against corrosion as a side effect of rotary swaging.
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Xu, Jing, Jian Wei Yang, and Jian Ping Cao. "Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Corrosion-Resistant Steel for Cargo Oil Tank." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 1876–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.1876.
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Electrochemical corrosion behavior of corrosion-resistant steel for cargo oil tank were studied under different immersion corrosion time, and tests were carried in the PH=0.85, 10% NaCl solution, which temperature were 30°C. The electrochemical tested by the electrochemical polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and the corrosion morphology and distribution of corrosion pit were observed under the metallography. The results indicate that along with the time extending, the corrosion potential of material moved from positive to negative, and then moved to positive. The corrosion current density also first reduced, then followed by the increasing and then decreasing, which indicated that the corrosion products of sample surface experienced a growth - dissolution - growth process, and presented a periodic corrosion rule. The position of corrosion pit mainly occurred around the pearlite.