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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Electrochemical ion exchange

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Academic literature on the topic 'Electrochemical ion exchange'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Electrochemical ion exchange"

1

Bridger, Nevill J., Christopher P. Jones, and Mark D. Neville. "Electrochemical ion exchange." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 50, no. 4 (April 24, 2007): 469–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.280500405.

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Zhang, Huixin, Ayman Alameen, Xiaowei An, Qianyao Shen, Lutong Chang, Shengqi Ding, Xiao Du, Xuli Ma, Xiaogang Hao, and Changjun Peng. "Theoretical and experimental investigations of BiOCl for electrochemical adsorption of cesium ions." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 37 (2019): 20901–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp03684a.

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Zhang, Haoyang, Kaiying Xi, Kezhu Jiang, Xueping Zhang, Zhaoguo Liu, Shaohua Guo, and Haoshen Zhou. "Enhanced K-ion kinetics in a layered cathode for potassium ion batteries." Chemical Communications 55, no. 55 (2019): 7910–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc03156a.

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Stránská, Eliška, and David Neděla. "Reinforcing fabrics as the mechanical support of ion exchange membranes." Journal of Industrial Textiles 48, no. 2 (September 14, 2017): 432–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083717732075.

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Mechanical, physical and electrochemical characteristics are one of the important properties of ion exchange membranes. These parameters are required for a next operation and for an application in an electrodialysis (as tightness of a stack, energy consumption, capacity of electrodialysis). The goal of this article is comparison of the influence of the different reinforcing fabric on the properties of ion exchange membranes. Six types of ion exchange membranes with the nonwoven fabric, the monofilament knit, the multifilament knit, the monofilament woven fabric, the multifilament woven fabric, and for comparison non-reinforcing ion exchange membranes were chosen. The most important properties of a fabric in this application are thickness, free area related to the warp and the weft, mechanical strength, the material (shrinkage), type of fabric (plain or twill weave, a knit, monofilament, multifilament) and of course price. Electrochemical, physical and mechanical properties of ion exchange membranes were studied. Non-reinforcing ion exchange membranes have lower mechanical strength, but the best elongation. These ion exchange membranes report big relative dimension changes after swelling in demineralized water and the lowest value of the areal resistance. The most appropriate ion exchange membrane is with woven fabric from monofilaments after comparison with other ion exchange membranes in terms of the quality of the lamination and other electrochemical, physical and mechanical parameters.

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Uzdavinys, Povilas, Mathieu Coinçon, Emmanuel Nji, Mama Ndi, Iven Winkelmann, Christoph von Ballmoos, and David Drew. "Dissecting the proton transport pathway in electrogenic Na+/H+ antiporters." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 7 (February 1, 2017): E1101—E1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1614521114.

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Sodium/proton exchangers of the SLC9 family mediate the transport of protons in exchange for sodium to help regulate intracellular pH, sodium levels, and cell volume. In electrogenic Na+/H+ antiporters, it has been assumed that two ion-binding aspartate residues transport the two protons that are later exchanged for one sodium ion. However, here we show that we can switch the antiport activity of the bacterial Na+/H+ antiporter NapA from being electrogenic to electroneutral by the mutation of a single lysine residue (K305). Electroneutral lysine mutants show similar ion affinities when driven by ΔpH, but no longer respond to either an electrochemical potential (Ψ) or could generate one when driven by ion gradients. We further show that the exchange activity of the human Na+/H+ exchanger NHA2 (SLC9B2) is electroneutral, despite harboring the two conserved aspartic acid residues found in NapA and other bacterial homologues. Consistently, the equivalent residue to K305 in human NHA2 has been replaced with arginine, which is a mutation that makes NapA electroneutral. We conclude that a transmembrane embedded lysine residue is essential for electrogenic transport in Na+/H+ antiporters.

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Bublil, Shaul, Miryam Fayena-Greenstein, Michael Talyanker, Nickolay Solomatin, Merav Nadav Tsubery, Tatyana Bendikov, Tirupathi Rao Penki, et al. "Na-ion battery cathode materials prepared by electrochemical ion exchange from alumina-coated Li1+xMn0.54Co0.13Ni0.1+yO2." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 30 (2018): 14816–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta05068f.

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Kozaderova, O. A., K. B. Kim, Ch S. Gadzhiyevа, and S. I. Niftaliev. "Electrochemical characteristics of thin heterogeneous ion exchange membranes." Journal of Membrane Science 604 (June 2020): 118081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118081.

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Ersoz, M. "The Electrochemical Properties of Polysulfone Ion-Exchange Membranes." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 243, no. 2 (November 2001): 420–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2001.7832.

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Kasem, Kasem K., and Franklin A. Schultz. "Electrochemistry of polyoxometalates immobilized in ion exchange polymer films." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 73, no. 6 (June 1, 1995): 858–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v95-107.

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The polyoxometalate ions PMo12O403−, PW12O403−, and SiW12O404− are incorporated in polymeric ruthenium(II)(vinyl)bipyridine (poly-Ru(vbpy)32+) films from aqueous and dioxane–water electrolytes. Despite their large mass the ions exist as freely diffusing species that compensate for up to 30% of the charge in poly-Ru(vbpy)32+. An investigation of the effect of environmental conditions on electrochemical behavior reveals that the first two one-electron reduction waves of SiW12O404− coalesce into a single two-electron reaction and those of PW12O403− shift significantly in potential upon a change from pure aqueous to 50(v/v)% dioxane/water solvent. The observation is attributed to destabilization of the one-electron reaction products as the solvent is enriched is dioxane. Incorporation of polyoxometalates in protonated poly(vinyl)pyridine and poly-Ru(vbpy)32+ films from dioxane–water solvent results in differences in electrochemical behavior. Polyoxometalate anions incorporated in poly-Ru(vbpy)32+ films catalyze the electrochemical reduction of hydrogen ion. Keywords: polyoxometalate, electrochemistry, poly-Ru(vbpy)32+, electrocatalysis, immobilization.

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Lu, W., G. Grévillot, and L. Muhr. "ESIEX-Electrical Swing Ion Exchange a Process Coupling Ion Exchange, Carbonic Acid Elution, and Electrochemical Regeneration." Separation Science and Technology 46, no. 12 (July 15, 2011): 1861–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2011.585627.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electrochemical ion exchange"

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Pribyl, Ondrej. "Modelling of electrochemical ion exchange." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325234.

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Adams, Robert Jonathan Watt. "The extraction of caesium and cobalt(II) from solution using inorganic ion exchangers in electrochemical ion exchange." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385171.

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Harry, I. D. "Modification and characterisation of carbon fibre ion exchange media." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14123.

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This thesis examines the use of electrochemically treated viscose rayon based activated carbon cloth (ACC) for the removal of metal ions from aqueous effluent streams. Two types of treatment were performed: (i) electrochemical oxidation and (ii) electrochemical reduction to enhance cation and anion sorption capacities of the ACC, respectively. Electrochemical oxidation resulted in a loss of 61% BET surface area due to blockage of pores through formation of carboxylic acidic groups but its cation exchange capacity and oxygen content increased by 365% and 121%, respectively. The optimum constant current at which a combination of applied current and oxidation time at any extent of oxidation to produce ACC of maximum cation exchange capacity was found to be 1.1 A, with voltage of 4.2 V and current density of 0.8 mA/m2. Batch sorption experiments showed that the maximum copper and lead sorption capacities for electrochemically oxidised ACC increased 17 and 4 times, respectively, for noncompetitive sorption and 8.8 and 8.6 times, respectively for competitive sorption. Therefore, electrochemically oxidised ACC is an effective adsorbent for treating aqueous solution contaminated with copper/lead in both single component and multi-component systems. Industrial wastewaters are multicomponent systems, therefore, electrochemical oxidation of ACC is an efficient way of enhancing lead and copper ions sorptive capacity for industrial wastewater treatment. Electrochemical reduction resulted in a loss of 28% BET surface area due to formation of ether groups but its anion exchange capacity increased by 292%. The optimum constant current at which a combination of applied current and reduction time at any extent of reduction to produce ACC of maximum anion exchange capacity was found to be 5.5 A, with voltage of 9.8 V and current density of 6.4 mA/m2. Batch sorption experiments showed that the maximum chromium(VI) sorption capacity for electrochemically reduced ACC increased 2.12 times, with highest maximum chromium(VI) sorption capacity of 3.8 mmol/g at solution pH 4. Most industrial wastewaters contaminated with chromium(VI) are highly acidic, therefore, electrochemical reduction of ACC is an efficient way of enhancing chromium(VI) sorptive capacity for industrial wastewater treatment.

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Tai, M. H. "An experimental study of the design of an electrochemical ion exchange cell." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1998. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12603.

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Electrochemical Ion Exchange (EIX) was studied to determine the viability of the process for treatment of metal bearing effluents containing Cu, Zn and Ni. Other metals used during the investigation were Na and Cs. The EIX process was examined at the laboratory scale and later in a pilot plant. Process performance and cell design were evaluated both in absorption and regeneration cycles. A mathematical representation of the system was developed based on the Nemst-Planck equation. Zirconium phosphate, Purolite S930 , Purolite S950 and Purolite PrAOH were the ion exchangers used during the study. The EIX cell was made of two perspex blocks, each 490 mm by 125 mm and 20 mm thick. Each block contained a half cell made up of an EIX electrode and a counter electrode on either side of a heterogeneous ion exchange membrane with dimensions of 280 mm by 63 mrn by 5 mm. The EIX electrode consisted of a platinised titanium mesh, acting as a current feeder, embedded in the membrane. The counter electrode was a platinised titanium mesh placed on the opposite side to the current feeder. The process was operated by applying a potential across the membrane.

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Parisi, Natali Chambliss C. Kevin. "Ion-exchange and electrochemical properties of tetra-t-alkylferrocenium monolayers on gold electrodes." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5102.

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SOUZA, LETICIA L. de. "Uso da voltametria cíclica e da espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica na determinação da área superficial ativa de eletrodos modificados à base de carbono." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2011. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10040.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:34:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:59:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

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Pasquini, Luca. "Ion - conducting polymeric membranes for electrochemical energy devices." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4750.

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La recherche vise à proposer des membranes pour des dispositifs électrochimiques capables d'atteindre le bon compromis en terme de conduction ionique, de stabilité et de longue durée de vie pour une haute efficacité.Nous avons réalisé des membranes échangeuses des protons, d'anions ou amphotères à base de polymères aromatiques stables fonctionnalisés. Des groupes sulfonique on été introduit sur la squelette du PEEK, des groupes d'ammonium sur le PEEK et le PSU ou le deux au même temps pour échanger ensemble des protons et des anions.L'optimisation continue des paramètres de synthèse, le choix des différents polymères et/ou des groupes de fonctionnalisation et l'amélioration des procédures et des traitements des membranes coulée, a conduit à de bons résultats en termes de conductivité ionique, sélectivité et stabilité.L'étude des principaux paramètres des membranes démontre une stabilité thermique entre 140 et 200 ° C selon la membrane sélectionnée, un comportement mécanique caractérisé par une résistance à la traction et un module d'élasticité élevée et un relativement faible ductilité, influencé par le niveau d’ hydratation de la membrane ou l éventuelle présence de cross-link. En optimisant le degré de fonctionnalisation et les types de groupes de fonctionnalisation, nous avons obtenu une accordable absorption d'eau, une conductivité ionique élevé pour différent ions (jusqu'à ≃ 3 mS / cm pour le polymère conducteurs des anions) et une perméabilité aux ions vanadium très faible (applications dans RFB) jusqu'à ≃ 10-10 cm2/min, ce qui est bien au-dessous des données typiques de la littérature et un paramètre très important pour applications technologiques
The research aims to propose membranes for electrochemical devices alternative to the commercial ones able to reach the right compromise in term of good ionic conduction, stability and long life time for an high efficiency. We realized proton exchange, anion exchange and amphoteric membranes based on stable functionalized aromatic polymers (PEEK, PSU). We thus introduced sulfonic groups on a PEEK backbone to exchange protons or ammonium groups on PEEK and PSU to exchange anions. We also realized amphoteric membranes able to exchange at the same time both kinds of ions. The continuous optimization of synthesis parameters, the choice of different polymers and/or functionalization groups and the improvement of casting procedures and treatments of membranes, led to good results in terms of ionic conductivity, selectivity and stability.The study of the main parameters of the synthesized membranes demonstrates a thermal stability between 140 and 200°C depending on the selected membrane, a mechanical behavior characterized by a high elastic modulus and tensile strength and a relatively low ductility strongly influenced on the degree of hydration of the membrane as well as the eventual presence of cross-linking. Working on the degree of functionalization and the type of functionalizing groups, we obtained a tunable water uptake, an elevated ionic conductivity for different ions (up to ≃ 3 mS/cm for anionic conducting polymers) and a very low ion permeability (vanadium ions for RFB applications) down to ≃ 10-10 cm2/min, which is much below typical literature data for cation- and anion separation membranes and a challenge parameters for technological applications

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Glabman, Shira. "Effect of inorganic filler size on nanocomposite ion exchange membranes for salinity gradient power generation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54311.

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Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is a technique that can capture electrical potential from mixing two water streams of different salt concentration through permselective ion exchange membranes. Effective design of ion exchange membranes through structure optimization is critical to increase the feasibility of salinity gradient power production by RED. In this work, we present the preparation of organic-inorganic nanocomposite cation exchange membranes containing sulfonated polymer, poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide), and sulfonated silica (SiO2-SO3H). The effect of silica filler size at various loading concentrations on membrane structures, electrochemical properties, and the RED power performance is investigated. The membranes containing bigger-sized fillers (70 nm) at 0.5 wt% SiO2-SO3H exhibited a relatively favorable electrochemical characteristic for power performance: an area resistance of 0.85 Ω cm2, which is around 9.3% lower than the resistance of the membranes with smaller filler particles. The power performance of this nanocomposite cation exchange membrane in a RED stack showed 10% higher power output compared with the membranes containing small particle size and achieved the highest gross power density of 1.3 W m-2. Thus, further optimized combination of material properties and membrane structure is a viable option for the development of effective ion exchange membrane design, which could provide desirable electrochemical performance and greater power production by RED.

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Buckley, P. J. M. "Organic speciation of copper, zinc and lead in seawater : A comparative study using electrochemical and ion exchange methods." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354547.

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Manosso, Helena Cristina. ""Desenvolvimento de eletrodos de troca iônica eletroquímica para o tratamento de rejeitos contendo íons Cromo ou Césio"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-08062007-145808/.

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Atualmente são muito discutidos temas que abordam a preservação do meio ambiente, para o desenvolvimento de tecnologias de produção que não a agridam, gerando resíduos menos tóxicos e em menor quantidade. Resíduos poluentes contendo metais como o crômio, têm sido lançados nos solos e rios, degradando a água utilizada para o consumo humano. Não diferentes são os problemas decorrentes de atividades nucleares, as quais geram rejeitos nas instalações e laboratórios de pesquisa. Embora estes rejeitos não sejam lançados no meio ambiente, muitas vezes encontram-se armazenados em laboratório inadequadamente, o que pode resultar em graves acidentes. Na intenção de solucionar estes problemas, existem várias técnicas para o tratamento de rejeitos, entre elas a troca iônica eletroquímica (EIX electrochemical ion exchange). A EIX é um processo avançado que une as vantagens da troca iônica convencional com o fato de usar como reagente o elétron, reduzindo consideravelmente o volume da solução a ser tratada. Esta técnica consiste na elaboração de um eletrodo, no qual o trocador iônico é incorporado fisicamente em uma estrutura do eletrodo com um aglutinante. Optou-se neste trabalho pela resina catiônica Amberlite CG-50 para o tratamento dos rejeitos contendo íons crômio e o trocador catiônico inorgânico fosfato de zircônio para os íons césio, pois apresentam boa estabilidade química em meio oxidante e perante radiação ionizante. A quantidade de carvão, de grafita e aglutinante para a formulação do eletrodo mais eficiente também foi estudada. Após a escolha dos melhores eletrodos, verificaram-se retenções para o Cr e para o Cs da ordem de 99,3% e 99,8%, respectivamente. A eluição completa tanto do íon crômio quanto do íon césio, sem nenhuma adição de reagentes, revelou-se uma das principais vantagens deste processo, o que torna possível a reutilização do eletrodo sem perda de sua capacidade. Com base nos resultados apresentou-se um processo contínuo de tratamento de rejeitos utilizando-se uma célula eletrolítica de fluxo (CELFLUX) de alta capacidade de retenção para o íon Cr e Cs. A alta eficiência desta célula tanto na retenção quanto na eluição, levando a uma redução importante no volume do rejeito e, até mesmo, possibilitando a reutilização dos íons separados, torna o processo altamente viável para o emprego industrial.
Nowadays, environmental preservation using technologies that do not attack it, generating non-toxic residues and reduced volumes, has been discussed. Hazardous effluents, containing metals, as chromium, have been poured in the soils and rivers, degrading the water. Not different are the problems originated from some nuclear activities that generate wastes, as in chemical research laboratories. Although those wastes are not poured in the environment, sometimes they are inadequately stored, what can cause serious accidents. With the purpose of solving this problem, there are some techniques to waste treatment, between them there is the electrochemical ion exchange (EIX). EIX is an advanced process that has advantages over traditional ion exchange and the fact of using the electron as the only reagent, reduces the volume of the solution to be treated. This technique consists of development of an electrode, where an ion exchanger is physically incorporated in an electrode structure with a binder. In this study, cationic resin Amberlite CG-50 and zirconium phosphate have been chosen for the separation of chromium and cesium from waste, respectively. They were chosen because they present high chemical stability in oxidizing media and at ionizing radiation. The quantity of charcoal, graphite and binder used in formulation of electrode have been studied either. Before choosing the best electrode, it was verified sorption percentage of 99,3% for chromium and 99,8% for cesium. The greater advantage of this process is the total elution of chromium as much as cesium, without reagents addition, being possible to reuse the electrode without losing its capacity. Beside on the results, a continuous process for the wastes containing Cr and Cs, using a flux electrolytic cell (CELFLUX) of high retention capacity, was presented. The high efficiency of this cell for both retention and elution, leading to an important reduction of waste volume, and, every more, making possible the reutilization of the ions studied, makes the process available for industrial waste treatment purposes.

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Books on the topic "Electrochemical ion exchange"

1

Wieckowski, Andrzej, Andrzej Lewenstam, and Lo Gorton. Electrochemical Processes in Biological Systems. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2015.

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Wieckowski, Andrzej, Andrzej Lewenstam, and Lo Gorton. Electrochemical Processes in Biological Systems. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2015.

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Electrochemical Processes In Biological Systems. John Wiley & Sons, 2013.

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Liao, Lun-Zhi?UNAUTHORIZED. T he application of ion exchange membranes in chloride related electrochemical technology. Delft University of Technology, 1997.

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Turner, A. D. Electrochemical Ion-exchange for Active Liquid Waste Treatment (Nuclear Science and Technology). European Communities / Union (EUR-OP/OOPEC/OPOCE), 1994.

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Gottesfeld, S., and T. F. Fuller. Proton Conducting Membrance Fuel Cells II (Proceedings (Electrochemical Society)). Electrochemical Society, 1998.

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Sule, Pushkar Anant. Studies of chemical speciation of trace metals in natural waters using an on-line electrochemical cell and ion exchange system. 1991.

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Gholikandi, Gagik Badalians. Enhanced Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Sludge Stabilization and Reuse. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2015.

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Salinas-Rodríguez, Sergio G., Juan Arévalo, Juan Manuel Ortiz, Eduard Borràs-Camps, Victor Monsalvo-Garcia, Maria D. Kennedy, and Abraham Esteve-Núñez, eds. Microbial Desalination Cells for Low Energy Drinking Water. IWA Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781789062120.

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The world's largest demonstrator of a revolutionary energy system in desalination for drinking water production is in operation. MIDES uses Microbial Desalination Cells (MDC) in a pre-treatment step for reverse osmosis (RO), for simultaneous saline stream desalination and wastewater treatment. MDCs are based on bio-electro-chemical technology, in which biological wastewater treatment can be coupled to the desalination of a saline stream using ion exchange membranes without external energy input. MDCs simultaneously treat wastewater and perform desalination using the energy contained in the wastewater. In fact, an MDC can produce around 1.8 kWh of bioelectricity from the energy contained in 1 m3 of wastewater. Compared to traditional RO, more than 3 kWh/m3 of electrical energy is saved. With this novel technology, two low-quality water streams (saline stream, wastewater) are transformed into two high-quality streams (desalinated water, treated wastewater) suitable for further uses. An exhaustive scaling-up process was carried out in which all MIDES partners worked together on nanostructured electrodes, antifouling membranes, electrochemical reactor design and optimization, life cycle assessment, microbial electrochemistry and physiology expertise, and process engineering and control. The roadmap of the lab-MDC upscaling goes through the assembly of a pre-pilot MDC, towards the development of the demonstrator of the MDC technology (patented). Nominal desalination rate between 4-11 Lm-2h-1 is reached with a current efficiency of 40 %. After the scalability success, two MDC pilot plants were designed and constructed consisting of one stack of 15 MDC pilot units with a 0.4 m2 electrode area per unit. This book presents the information generated throughout the EU funded MIDES project and includes the latest developments related to desalination of sea water and brackish water by applying microbial desalination cells. ISBN: 9781789062113 (Paperback) ISBN: 9781789062120 (eBook)

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Book chapters on the topic "Electrochemical ion exchange"

1

Allen, Pauline M., Nevill J. Bridger, Christopher P. Jones, Fabienne M. T. Menapace, Mark D. Neville, and Andrew D. Turner. "Electrochemical Ion Exchange." In Ion Exchange Advances, 272–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2864-3_36.

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Allen, Pauline M., Nevill J. Bridger, Christopher P. Jones, Mark D. Neville, and Andrew D. Turner. "Electrochemical Ion Exchange." In Recent Developments in Ion Exchange, 213–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0777-5_20.

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Cochrane, Ralph. "Ion Exchange Separations in Conjunction with Electrochemical Detection." In Recent Developments in Ion Exchange, 219–29. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0777-5_21.

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Adams, Robert J. W., and Michael J. Hudson. "Reversible Extraction of Cobalt(II) from Aqueous Media Using Inorganic Ion Exchangers in Electrochemical Ion Exchange." In Recent Developments in Ion Exchange, 231–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0777-5_22.

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Popov, A. N. "Counterions and Adsorption of Ion-Exchange Extractants at the Water/Oil Interface." In The Interface Structure and Electrochemical Processes at the Boundary Between Two Immiscible Liquids, 179–205. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71881-6_9.

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Lapkowski, M. "Proton Exchange Processes in the Electrochemical Reactions of Polyaniline." In Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, 162–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83833-0_32.

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Turner, A. D. "ELECTROCHEMICAL ION EXCHANGE." In Encyclopedia of Separation Science, 1–8. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-226770-2/04191-0.

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Kokotov, Yurii. "Electrochemical And Twin Chemical Potentials As Thermodynamic Driving Forces." In Ion Exchange. CRC Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203908341.ch13.

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"Appendix E: Mathematical Analysis: Water pH Control Cell and Ion Exchange Resin Regeneration." In Electrochemical Water Processing, 235–70. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118104675.app5.

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Oke, Isaiah Adesola, Lukman Salihu, Aladesanmi Temitope A., Fehintola Ezekiel Oluwaseun, Amoko S. Justinah, and Hammed O. Oloyede. "Electrochemical Treatment of Wastewater." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 133–56. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1871-7.ch008.

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This chapter presents an overview of over 529 articles on designs, models, laboratory setups, and applications of electrochemical processes from 1973 to 2017 with particular attention paid to the removal of emerging environmental pollutants. The chapter demonstrates that electrochemical and advanced oxidation processes are efficient despite the economic implications of the technologies. The electrodes in use arranged from monopolar to bipolar mode, which varies from the electroplating baths, recalcitrant organic contaminants, and eluates of an ion-exchange unit and the number of electrodes in a stack to a variant of rotating cathode cell. Application of the process can be in the form of a static anode and a rotating disk cathode. The narrow spacing between the electrodes in the pump cells allow the entrance of the effluent and effective wastewater treatment. It was concluded that electrochemical treatment techniques have a variety of laboratory setups and a wider range of applications.

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Conference papers on the topic "Electrochemical ion exchange"

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Enikov, Eniko T., and Geon S. Seo. "Large deformation model of ion-exchange actuators using electrochemical potentials." In SPIE's 9th Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, edited by Yoseph Bar-Cohen. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.475165.

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Venugopal, Vinithra, Hao Zhang, and Vishnu-Baba Sundaresan. "A Chemo-Mechanical Constitutive Model for Conducting Polymers." In ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2013-3218.

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Conducting polymers undergo volumetric expansion through redox-mediated ion exchange with its electrolytic environment. The ion transport processes resulting from an applied electrical field controls the conformational relaxation in conducting polymer and regulates the generated stress and strain. In the last two decades, significant contributions from various groups have resulted in methods to fabricate, model and characterize the mechanical response of conducting polymer actuators in bending mode. An alternating electrical field applied to the polymer electrolyte interface produces the mechanical response in the polymer. The electrical energy applied to the polymer is used by the electrochemical reaction in the polymer backbone, for ion transport at the electrolyte-polymer interface and for conformational changes to the polymer. Due to the advances in polymer synthesis, there are multitudes of polymer-dopant combinations used to design an actuator. Over the last decade, polypyrrole (PPy) has evolved to be the most common conducting polymer actuator. Thin sheets of polymer are electrodeposited on to a substrate, doped with dodecylbezenesulfonate (DBS-) and microfabricated into a hermetic, air operated cantilever actuator. The electrical energy applied across the thickness of the polymer is expended by the electrochemical interactions at the polymer-electrolyte interface, ion transport and electrostatic interactions of the backbone. The widely adopted model for designing actuators is the electrochemically stimulated conformational relaxation (ESCR) model. Despite these advances, there have been very few investigations into the development of a constitutive model for conducting polymers that represent the input-output relation for chemoelectromechanical energy conversion. On one hand, dynamic models of conducting polymers use multiphysics-based non-linear models that are computationally intensive and not scalable for complicated geometries. On the other, empirical models that represent the chemomechanical coupling in conducting polymers present an over-simplified approach and lack the scientific rigor in predicting the mechanical response. In order to address these limitations and to develop a constitutive model for conducting polymers, its coupled chemomechanical response and material degradation with time, we have developed a constitutive model for polypyrrole-based conducting polymer actuator. The constitutive model is applied to a micron-scale conducting polymer actuator and coupling coefficients are expressed using a mechanistic representation of coupling in polypyrrole (dodecylbenzenesulfonate) [PPy(DBS)].

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Armstrong, K. W., and M. R. von Spakovsky. "A Microscopic Continuum Model of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Electrode Catalyst Layer." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14189.

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A series of steady-state microscopic continuum models of the cathode catalyst layer (active layer) of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell are developed and presented. These models incorporate O2 species and ion transport while taking a discrete look at the platinum particles within the active layer. The 2-D axisymmetric nonporous Agglomerate Model of Bultel, Ozil, and Durand (2000) implemented, validated, and used in Armstrong (2004) to generate various results related to the performance of the active layer with changes in thermodynamic conditions and geometry is presented first. The nonporous Agglomerate Model, which is further developed, implemented, and validated in Armstrong (2004) to include, among other factors, pores, flooding, and both humidified air and humidified O2, is presented next. All models are implemented and solved using FEMAP® (2002) and a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver developed by Blue Ridge Numerics, Inc. (BRNI) called CFDesign® (2003). The use of these models for the discrete modeling of platinum particles is shown to be beneficial for understanding the behavior of a fuel cell. The addition of gas pores is shown to promote high current densities due to increased species transport throughout the agglomerate. Flooding is considered, and its effect on the cathode active layer is evaluated. The model takes various transport and electrochemical kinetic parameter values from the literature in order to do a parametric study showing the degree to which temperature, pressure, and geometry are crucial to overall performance. This parametric study quantifies, among a number of other things, the degree to which lower porosities for thick active layers and higher porosities for thin active layers are advantageous to fuel cell performance. Cathode active layer performance is shown not to be solely a function of catalyst surface area, but discrete catalyst placement within the agglomerate.

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Tanaka, Nobuyuki, Tetsuya Yamaki, Masaharu Asano, Yasunari Maekawas, Kaoru Onuki, and Ryutaro Hino. "Stability of Radiation Grafted Membranes in Electro-Electrodialysis of HIX Solution." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29359.

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Japan Atomic Energy Agency has been conducting research and development on a thermochemical water-splitting cycle featuring iodine- and sulfur-compounds (called an IS process) as one of promising heat utilization systems of High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors. We have prepared polymer electrolyte membranes by the radiation-induced graft polymerization and cross-linking methods and then have investigated their applicability to electro-electrodialysis (EED) for concentrating HI in an HI-I2-H2O mixture. For practical applications, EED membranes are required to be stable in the severe environment of high-temperature strongly acidic solutions. We thus examined thermal, chemical and electrochemical stabilities of the radiation-grafted membranes under the conditions of the actual EED operation over 100 hours, while measuring the time evolution of a cell voltage and a change in the ion exchange capacity between the EED experiment. The results showed that chemical cross-linking in the graft chains could largely improve the membrane stability.

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Haynes, Comas, William Rooker, Vaughn Melbourne, and Jeffery Jones. "Analogies Between Fuel Cells and Heat Exchangers: From Phenomena to Design Principles." In ASME 2003 1st International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2003-1736.

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Fuel cells and heat exchangers have numerous similarities. Both technologies are used to produce an “energy-in-transit.” Heat exchangers foster thermal transport (heat) as a result of thermal potential differences between streams; fuel cells foster charge transport across electrodes (current leading to power) as a result of electrochemical/electric potential differences between the reactant streams and fuel cell electrodes. Additional analogs include series resistance formulations, active regions for transport phenomena and pertinent capacity rates. These similarities have motivated the extension of heat exchanger design philosophies to fuel cells development. Pilot simulations have been done wherein solid oxide fuel cell geometries and process settings are being optimized via electrochemical pinch points, electroactive area optimization (patterned after optimal area allocation within heat exchangers), electrode “fins” for diminished polarization, and electrochemical multi-staging (motivated by heat exchanger network concepts). The prevailing theme has been to bridge methodologies from the mature field of heat exchanger design to improve fuel cell design practices.

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Barrera, C., A. Arrieta, and N. Escobar. "Application of Conducting Polymer Composites With Cellulose Fibers on Water Softening." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-89969.

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Hard water is unsuitable for industrial and domestic purposes given its high levels of calcium and magnesium divalents which generate scale, oxidation and are antagonistic of optimal performance of detergents and industrial equipment. Conventional methods for water softening generate by-products that need to be treated, which makes these methods economically and environmentally unsustainable and open the opportunity to develop new technology for this application. The ion exchange behavior during the charge and discharge processes (i.e. oxidation / reduction), of conducting polymers and the combination of these materials with other such as fibers, to develop new hybrid materials that exhibit the inherent properties of both components, has been the object of many studies in the last years. The aim of this study is to evaluate the applicability of vegetable cellulose microfibers as a base to obtain a conducting polymer composite membrane with polypyrrole and to analyze the membrane performance to remove ions dissolved in hard water. The application of conducting polymer composite on water softening is based on the use of pyrrole’s electrochemical properties jointed to the flexibility and relatively high surface areas associated with cellulose, to promote an ion exchange reaction between the composite membrane and the hard water. The cellulose membranes obtained from banana plant waste (raquis), were uniform with individual and well separated fibers. The fibers were successfully encapsulated by a continuous coating of polypyrrole through in situ oxidative chemical polymerization. The amount of polypyrrole deposited on the fiber increased with increasing concentrations of the monomer, which was easily identified through the observation of differences on the intensity of the light to dark colour shift that coated the fibers after the polymerization. The applicability of the conducting polymer composite on water softening was tested using an experimental device, finding reductions on the conductivity for hard water within 23 to 66 μs/cm after 6 hours of the assay.

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Morris, Ronald. "Chemical Decontamination for Decommissioning (DFD) and DFDX." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40007.

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DFD is an acronym for the “Decontamination for Decommissioning” process developed in 1996 by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). The process was designed to remove radioactivity from the surfaces of metallic components to allow these components to be recycled or free-released for disposal as non-radioactive. DFD is a cyclic process consisting of fluoroboric acid, potassium permanganate and oxalic acid. The process continues to uniformly remove base metal once oxide dissolution is complete. The DFD process has been applied on numerous components, sub-systems and systems including the reactor systems at Big Rock Point and Maine Yankee in the United States, and the Jose Cabrera (Zorita) Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) in Spain. The Big Rock Point site has been returned to Greenfield and at Maine Yankee the land under the license was reduced for an Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation (ISFSI). In the upcoming months the Zorita NPP in Spain will initiate dismantlement and decommissioning activities to return the site to a non-nuclear facility. The development of the EPRI DFD process has been an ongoing evolution and much has been learned from its use in the past. It is effective in attaining very high decontamination factors; however, DFD also produces secondary waste in the form of ion exchange resins. This secondary waste generation adds to the decommissioning quota but this can be improved upon at a time when radioactive waste storage at nuclear facilities and waste disposal sites is limited. To reduce the amount of secondary waste, EPRI has developed the DFDX process. This new process is an enhancement to the DFD process and produces a smaller amount of metallic waste rather than resin waste; this reduction in volume being a factor of ten or greater. Electrochemical ion exchange cells are the heart of the DFDX system and contain electrodes and cation ion exchange resin. It has been used very successfully in small system applications and the next evolution is to design, build and implement a system for the chemical decontamination for decommissioning of larger reactor systems and components, and Full System Decontamination (FSD). The purpose of this paper is to provide a reference point for those planning future chemical decontaminations for plant decommissioning. It is based on actual experience from the work already performed to date and the planned development of the DFDX process.

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Haynes, Comas, Vaughn Melbourne, and William Rooker. "Advancing Fuel Cells Technology via Analogous Heat Exchanger Design Principles." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33313.

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Fuel cells and heat exchangers have numerous similarities. Both technologies are used to produce an “energy-in-transit.” Heat exchangers foster thermal transport (heat) as a result of thermal potential differences between streams; fuel cells foster charge transport across electrodes (current leading to power) as a result of electrochemical/electric potential differences between the reactant streams and fuel cell electrodes. Additional analogs include series resistance formulations, active regions for transport phenomena and pertinent capacity rates. These similarities have motivated the extension of heat exchanger design philosophies to fuel cells development. Pilot simulations have been done wherein solid oxide fuel cell geometries and process settings are being optimized via electrochemical pinch points, electroactive area optimization (patterned after optimal UA allocation within heat exchangers), and electrode “fins” for diminished polarization. The prevailing theme has been to bridge methodologies from the mature field of heat exchanger design to improve fuel cell design practices.

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Northcutt, Robert G., John M. Thornton, and Vishnu Baba Sundaresan. "An Investigation of Morphology Dependent Charge Storage in Polypyrrole Membranes." In ASME 2014 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2014-7411.

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PPy-based membranes exchange ions with electrolyte through reversible redox processes and hence are best suited as electrodes for batteries and super capacitors. The energy density of batteries and super capacitors are dependent on the specific capacitance of the conducting polymer and can be represented through a mechanistic model for ion transport. Through this model, the specific capacitance of polypyrrole-based membranes is shown to be dependent on the number of accessible redox sites at the electrolyte-polymer interface. The accessibility of redox sites at the electrolyte-polymer interface can be increased by controlling the morphological properties and distribution of dopant in the polymer backbone. Thus, by nanostructuring and by controlling the distribution of the dopant in the polymer, we have shown that the capacitance of PPy-based membranes can be increased to 490 F.g−1 for a 50 mV.sec−1 scan rate and 0.6 g.cm−2 specific mass. Despite this value of specific capacitance being the highest reported for PPy-based membranes to date, it is estimated that only 69% of active redox sites are used for ion storage and hence can be increased further. Maximizing specific capacitance requires an understanding of spatial distribution of redox sites in the polymer backbone and its corresponding chemoelectrical activity. In order to generate a spatial map of ion storage in PPy-based membranes, this article presents for the first time a shear-force (SF) based topography imaging and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) imaging of the PPy(DBS) under reduced and oxidized conditions. From a correlated topography and chemoelectrical activity of PPy-based membrane, the data shows the availability of redox sites in the polymer and it is projected that this result will enhance the design and nanostructuring of PPy-based membranes and distribution of dopant in the backbone.

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Islam, Rabiul, Cameron Nolen, and Kwangkook Jeong. "Effects of Sulfuric Acid Concentration on Volume Transfer Across Ion-Exchange Membrane in a Single-Cell Vanadium Redox Flow Battery." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-72359.

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The vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) is one of the technologies to be used for storing large-scale renewable energy. The objective of this research is to electrochemically synthesize the V(III) electrolytes with combinations of 2 M VOSO4 and 2–6 M H2SO4, and to investigate the effects of concentration of H2SO4 on vanadium and water transfer across membrane. Transfer of water and vanadium across the membrane was reduced from 19.6 to 6.2 % as the concentration of H2SO4 in the electrolyte increased from 2 to 6 M. Change in volume transferred across the membrane decreased with each successive charge and discharge cycle, and resulted in a reduction in volume transfer from 16.7 % after the first cycle to 2.9 % after the fourth cycle. Energy storage capacity was increased by 50 % by changing the H2SO4 concentration from 2 to 6 M.

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Reports on the topic "Electrochemical ion exchange"

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Bontha, J. D., D. E. Kurath, J. E. Surma, and M. F. Buehler. Evaluation of electrochemical ion exchange for cesium elution. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/245632.

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Ozekin, K., R. D. Noble, and C. A. Koval. A theoretical analysis of the extraction of heterocyclic organic compounds from an organic phase using chemically mediated electrochemically modulated complexation in ion exchange polymer beads. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6181074.

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