Relevant bibliographies by topics / Electrochemical techniques

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Electrochemical techniques'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Electrochemical techniques"

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Pedersen, Steen Uttrup, and Kim Daasbjerg. "ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Techniques." ChemInform 33, no. 42 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200242297.

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Odijk, Mathieu, and Albert van den Berg. "Nanoscale Electrochemical Sensing and Processing in Microreactors." Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry 11, no. 1 (2018): 421–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anchem-061417-125642.

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In this review, we summarize recent advances in nanoscale electrochemistry, including the use of nanoparticles, carbon nanomaterials, and nanowires. Exciting developments are reported for nanoscale redox cycling devices, which can chemically amplify signal readout. We also discuss promising high-frequency techniques such as nanocapacitive CMOS sensor arrays or heterodyning. In addition, we review electrochemical microreactors for use in (drug) synthesis, biocatalysis, water treatment, or to electrochemically degrade urea for use in a portable artificial kidney. Electrochemical microreactors are also used in combination with mass spectrometry, e.g., to study the mimicry of drug metabolism or to allow electrochemical protein digestion. The review concludes with an outlook on future perspectives in both nanoscale electrochemical sensing and electrochemical microreactors. For sensors, we see a future in wearables and the Internet of Things. In microreactors, a future goal is to monitor the electrochemical conversions more precisely or ultimately in situ by combining other spectroscopic techniques.
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Shitrit, Ariel, Sandhya Mardhekar, Israel Alshanski, et al. "Profiling Heparan Sulfate-Heavy Metal Ions Interaction Using Electrochemical Techniques." Chem. Eur. J. 2022, no. 28 (2022): e202202193. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202202193.

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Heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans provides extracellular matrix defense against heavy metals cytotoxicity. Identifying the precise glycan sequences that bind a particular heavy metal ion is a key for understanding those interactions. Here, electrochemical and surface characterization techniques were used to elucidate the relation between the glycans structural motifs, uronic acid stereochemistry, and sulfation regiochemistry to heavy metal ions binding. A divergent strategy was employed to access a small library of structurally well-defined tetrasaccharides analogs with different sulfation patterns and uronic acid compositions. These tetrasaccharides were electrochemically grafted onto glassy carbon electrodes and their response to heavy metal ions was monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Key differences in the binding of Hg(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) were associated with a combination of the uronic acid type and the sulfation pattern.
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Unwin, P. R., J. V. Macpherson, M. A. Beeston, N. J. Evans, D. Littlewood, and N. P. Hughes. "New Electrochemical Techniques for Probing Phase Transfer Dynamics at Dental Interfaces in Vitro." Advances in Dental Research 11, no. 4 (1997): 548–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374970110042401.

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Phase transfer reactions such as dissolution, precipitation, sorption, and desorption are important in a wide range of processes on dental hard tissue surfaces. An overview is provided of several new complementary electrochemical techniques which are capable of probing the dynamics of such processes at solid/liquid interfaces from millimeter- to nanometer-length scales, with a variable time resolution down to the sub-millisecond level. Techniques considered include channel flow methods with electrochemical detection, which allow reactions at solid/liquid interfaces to be studied under well-defined and calculable mass transport regimes. Scanning electrochemical microscopy allows the chemical activity of interfaces to be mapped at higher spatial and temporal resolutions. This technique, which utilizes a scanning ultramicroelectrode, has been used extensively for the study of dissolution processes of ionic crystals, as well as in imaging the action of fluid-flow-blocking agents on dentin surfaces, which act via precipitation. So that interfaces at the nanometer level can be probed, an integrated electrochemical-atomic force microscope has been developed which enables the local solution conditions to be controlled electrochemically while topographical changes are mapped simultaneously.
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KARAZEHİR, Tolga. "Effect of Supporting Electrolyte on Capacitance and Impedance Properties of Electrodeposited PEDOT/ERGO Electrodes for Supercapacitor." Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 6, no. 1 (2023): 854–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1218141.

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In this study, the ability of Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (PEDOT/ERGO) electrodes for supercapacitors to store electrical energy is studied. PEDOT/ERGO electrodes are produced using a simple two-step electrochemical method that involves electrochemically reduction of graphene oxide, and then PEDOT is electrochemically deposited onto the ERGO in different electrolyte solutions. Electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are utilized to investigate the electrochemical characteristics of PEDOT/ERGO electrodes produced in different electrolyte systems including 0.1 M lithium perchloride/acetonitrile (LiClO4/ACN), tetraethylammoniumtetrafluoroborate/acetonitrile (Et4NBF4/ACN), and tetrabutylammonium hexaflorophosphate/acetonitrile (Bu4NPF6/ACN). The electrolyte type has a significant impact on electrochemical results. PEDOT/ERGO manufactured in LiClO4/ACN demonstrates a high specific capacitance (Csp) and low charge transfer resistance (Rct). According to results, the Csp value is decreased in the following order; 26.48 mFcm-2 for LiClO4, 20.58 mFcm-2 for Et4NBF4, 8.96 mFcm-2 for Bu4NPF6.
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Bedoya-Lora, Franky E., Isaac Holmes-Gentle, and Anna Hankin. "Electrochemical techniques for photoelectrode characterisation." Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry 29 (June 2021): 100463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2021.100463.

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Liu, Z. F., K. Morigaki, K. Hashimoto, and A. Fujishima. "New applications of electrochemical techniques." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 65, no. 1-2 (1992): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1010-6030(92)85053-w.

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Zielonka, A., and H. Fauser. "Advanced Materials by Electrochemical Techniques*." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 1, no. 1 (1997): 195–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/zpch.1997.1.1.195.

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Zielonka, A., and H. Fauser. "Advanced Materials by Electrochemical Techniques*." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 208, Part_1_2 (1999): 195–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/zpch.1999.208.part_1_2.195.

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Yin, Jian, and Peng Miao. "Apoptosis Evaluation by Electrochemical Techniques." Chemistry - An Asian Journal 11, no. 5 (2015): 632–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asia.201501045.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electrochemical techniques"

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Mitchell-Smith, Jonathon. "Advancing electrochemical jet machining techniques." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/54833/.

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Electrochemical Jet Processing (EJP) techniques have been traditionally limited in application by the inherent geometric inflexibility and limited process precision in comparison to alternative processes. It has been stated that process resultant geometries are defined by the Gaussian in-jet energy distribution and the hydrodynamic stagnation region formed under a jet on an impinging surface. This thesis reports upon investigations and innovations designed to challenge these assumptions. EJP is an emergent manufacturing process with a unique capability of subtraction and deposition of metals within a common machine tool. EJP demonstrates advantages beyond traditional electrochemical machining and electrochemical deposition including a high degree of flexibility, simplistic and therefore low-cost plant, requiring no complex, high-cost tooling and no masking requirement to achieve high fidelity geometries. These process traits are attractive to industry but EJP has yet to find significant commercial use. Electromechanical and electrochemical innovations are presented here demonstrated by electrochemical jet machining (EJM) the subtractive mode of EJP, which allow modulation of the properties of the inter-electrode gap leading to a paradigm shift in the functionality, precision and application of EJP. Electromechanical innovations demonstrate that the Gaussian energy distribution can be modified through the articulation of the jet angle of address and modified jet nozzles to manipulate the in-jet resistance. The outcome being the capability to produce bespoke removal profiles with increased precision and flexibility of form alongside refined surface finishes. Electrochemical innovations demonstrate an increase in precision through reducing overcut and reducing the feature shoulder radius when using a modified electrolyte. When these electromechanical and electrochemical innovations are coupled together, the overcut traditionally seen to be twice the nozzle diameter is reduced by 99%. Therefore, features can be created at kerfs approaching the nozzle diameter. Alongside this, a bespoke research platform has been built and developed to exploit these findings and incorporate features such as the rotational head for constant profiling and multiplexing of electrolytes to enhance the flexibility of the process. Process enhancements developed through this thesis have allowed the manipulation of the in-jet energy density profile and dissociation of the dissolution region from hydrodynamic phenomena thus allowing surface structuring by EJP to be developed well beyond the state-of-the-art.
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Xu, Xiaoyin. "Application of electrochemical techniques to tribology." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419874.

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Martin, Rachel D. "Development and application of dynamic electrochemical techniques." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263603.

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Wolowacz, Sorrel Elizabeth. "Novel immobilisation techniques for amperometric biosensors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319586.

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Coombs, Anthony John Martin. "Electroanalytical techniques for cases of medical interest." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257739.

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Edwards, Martin Andrew. "Development of electrochemical probe microscopy and related techniques." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2008. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/1958/.

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This thesis presents work on the development of a number of scanned electrochemical probe microscopies. Such techniques have widespread applications, from materials science to the life sciences. Advances in flexible instrumentation, coupled with the theoretical description of electrochemical systems, are central themes which allowed for the fruitful investigation of a variety of experimental systems. Theoretical descriptions of scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) were developed, particularly to investigate the effect of tip-geometry on imaging resolution. This technique has already found a number of applications in the life sciences, but image resolution has not previously been addressed adequately. Images were recorded showing tip-convolution that were in agreement with theoretical predictions. The scanning microcapillary contact method (SMCM) was developed, as a method of assessing spatial heterogeneities in electrode activity on the submicron length-scale. An electrolyte filled microcapillary containing a reference/auxiliary electrode was approached to a substrate (working) electrode surface, via piezoelectric positioners. Contact of the electrolyte meniscus with the substrate electrode was sensed by a current flowing. Electrochemical measurements were performed before the microcapillary was retracted and another point on the sample was characterised. Spatial heterogeneities in electrode activity were imaged on a sub-micron length-scale and the activity of basal plane highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) was demonstrated. Tip position modulation scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM-TPM), where an ultramicroelectrode (UME) is oscillated perpendicularly to a surface and an amperometric current is recorded, was investigated experimentally and theoretically. A model including convective mass-transport was developed that gave an accurate description of the experimental situation. It was demonstrated that SECM-TPM is a potentially powerful approach for the measurement of the permeability of a sample. SECM experiments were performed investigating the growth of Ag particles at a liquid/liquid interface, which was caused through the electrodissolution of a Ag UME in an aqueous phase, and the reduction of the Ag+ ion by an electron donor in the organic phase. A model was created that allowed for the interpretation of data. Cyclic voltammetry investigations of HOPG covered with a Nafion film containing a redox mediator confirmed the activity of basal plane HOPG, as demonstrated by SMCM measurements. Nafion slowed diffusion sufficiently to allow the spatial-decoupling of surface sites with different activity.
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Taylor, Sarah Frances Rebecca. "Green catalyst preparation using electrochemical and mechanochemical techniques." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.580117.

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The conventional method for synthesis of supported metal catalysts is a multi step reaction that produces large amounts of waste. The focus of this work has been to look at alternative methods of catalyst production which eliminate or lower the number of steps and therefore waste produced. The aim of the project was to synthesise supported metal catalysts by alternative (greener) techniques and then to test these catalysts alongside conventional catalysts for improved and novel activity. It was proposed that catalysts could be synthesized by a novel electrochemical route where the pure metal is electrochemically oxidized into solution to form a transient soluble complex. This complex is then reduced electrochemically/electrolessly and the metal is deposited onto a support with the ligand of the complex being recovered in solution for subsequent cycles. The development of such a system was studied for gold using ionic liquids, the stripping and depositing of gold was demonstrated using dicyanamide ligand ([DCAn but attempts to prove the recyclability of the ligand were not successful. However during these studies a set of active gold catalysts where prepared by the electroless deposition of gold from H[AuCI4].3H20 in [C4mim][NTf2] onto silica and titania. The activity of these catalysts was compared to standard wet impregnated catalysts, interestingly the preparation method was found to control the selectivity of the reaction. The standard catalysts showed activity for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol in toluene whereas the catalysts prepared by electroless deposition from ionic liquids showed Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzyl alcohol with toluene. This is the first time that heterogeneously supported gold catalysts have been found to be active in Friedel--Crafts alkylations. Ag/AI203 and PtlAI203 catalysts have been prepared by means of solvent-free mechanochemistry using a ball mill. Remarkable catalytic activity was observed using a Ag/AI203 catalyst by ball milling (Ag20) for octane-SCR, compared with a conventionally prepared Ag/AI203 catalyst (wet impregnation) the ball milled catalyst shows an increase in activity with a reduction in the light off temperature of -150°C and NOx conversion below 200°C which is the first time this has been achieved in the absence of hydrogen.
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Evans, Nicholas John. "Development of electrochemical techniques for investigating interfacial processes." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340484.

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Tan, Sze-yin. "Advanced electrochemical techniques for investigating electron transfer kinetics." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/93622/.

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Heterogenous interfacial electron transfer processes are of fundamental and applied importance to electrochemists and are extensively studied by a wide range of electrochemical techniques. This thesis focuses on the development of analysis strategies and electrochemical methodologies for more detailed quantitative investigations of electron transfer kinetics at a plethora of electrode materials, with an emphasis on carbon-based materials. Of interest are the techniques of Fourier-transformed large amplitude alternating current voltammetry (FTACV) and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The complementary electrochemical techniques of FTACV and SECM are used for measurements of fast electron transfer to reveal the impact of the complex heterogeneous surface of degenerately-doped polycrystalline boron-doped diamond electrode surfaces compared to conventional electrode materials such as platinum and gold. This part of the work highlights the importance of understanding the influence of measurement technique and further demonstrates how electron transfer at semi-metallic electrodes differ from conventional metallic electrodes. The oxidation of a ferrocene-derivative at highly oriented pyrolytic graphite is used to demonstrate the effects of reversible reactant adsorption on the SECM response. The high surface area-to-solution volume ratio of nanogap SECM measurements depicts the importance of understanding the impact of such surface effects. Precise quantitative kinetic analysis requires understanding of the mass transport between the SECM probe and electrode surface. Finite element method modelling was used to extensively investigate the effects of electrode reactant processes and the results of the models shed light on important factors that need to be accounted for in quantitative analysis of nanogap voltammetric measurements. FTACV is further developed as a tool for kinetic selectivity at heterogeneous electrode surfaces. This is achieved by taking advantage of the harmonic-dependent measurement timescale of FTACV to deconvolute a dual-heterogeneity electrochemical response into its individual components. Protocols are developed for this application and demonstrated experimentally using the ruthenium hexamine and ferrocene methanol redox couples.
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Kuleshova, Jekaterina. "An investigation of electrochemical techniques in acoustic environments." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/71833/.

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A new system for the generation of hydrodynamic modulation voltammetry (HMV) is presented. This system consists of an oscillating jet produced through the mechanical vibration of a large membrane/piston. The structure of the cell is such that a relatively small vibration is transferred to a large (~ 1 m s-1) fluid flow at the jet outlet. High-speed imaging of the system shows vortex behaviour of the flow at the exit of the jet. Positioning of an electrode over the exit of this jet enables the detection of the modulated flow of liquid. The periodic character of the signal recorded at the electrode allows a “lock-in” approach to be employed. This enables discrimination of the background processes signal from the mass transport component. This is demonstrated for Fe(CN)6 3-/4- 3-/4-. Here “lock-in” to the modulated hydrodynamic signal is achieved through the deployment of bespoke software. The apparatus and procedure is shown to produce a simple and efficient way to obtain the desired signal. In addition the spatial variation of the HMV signal, phase correction and time averaged current with respect to the jet orifice is presented. The detection limit for the analysing system is shown to be 45 × 10-9 mol dm-3. The HMV method is employed to study the reduction of molecular oxygen at high surface area (HI-Pt) modified electrodes. The successful elimination of background signals is achieved for the 0.5 mm diameter nanostructured Pt electrode with roughness factor (RF) of 42.4. Employment of higher roughness factors (>50) HIPt electrodes revealed an anomalous “drop off” effect characterising these electrodes. It is demonstrated that the “drop off” is not caused by the hydrogen peroxide production at the electrode or pH change near the electrode surface. However, a clear dependence of the current deflection on the roughness factor of the electrodes is observed. The shape of the “drop off” followed the shape of the hydrogen adsorption region. It is suggested that the surface characteristics of the electrodes are important in these investigations. It is proposed here, that the capacitance of the electrode influences the HMV signal. Another type of hydrodynamic modulation method, specifically a vibrating 50 μm diameter Pt or Au wire or “tight-rope” electrode was studied. High frequency modulation (80 Hz) is employed. FFT data processing was employed to extract the desired signal from the total current. This technique was applied to study reduction of molecular oxygen at the modulated electrodes. A current “drop off” in hydride region was again observed. This is shown to be related to the uncompensated resistance of the cell. In particular, the resistance of the reference electrode is demonstrated to contribute to this effect
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Books on the topic "Electrochemical techniques"

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Robert, Baboian, and National Association of Corrosion Engineers. Unit Committee T-3L on Electrochemical and Electrical Techniques for Corrosion Measurement and Control., eds. Electrochemical techniques for corrosion engineering. National Association of Corrosion Engineers, 1986.

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Umasankar, Yogeswaran, Kumar S. Ashok, and Chen Shen-Ming, eds. Nanostructured materials for electrochemical biosensors. Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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1950-, Junter Guy Alain, ed. Electrochemical detection techniques in the applied biosciences. Ellis Horwood, 1988.

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Martin, Rachel D. Development and application of dynamic electrochemical techniques. typescript, 1997.

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G, Kelly R., ed. Electrochemical techniques in corrosion science and engineering. Marcel Dekker, 2003.

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Visy, Csaba. In situ Combined Electrochemical Techniques for Conducting Polymers. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53515-9.

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1936-, Varma Ravi, Selman J. R, and Electrochemical Society, eds. Techniques for characterization of electrodes and electrochemical processes. Wiley, 1991.

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Papavinasam, Sankara, Neal S. Berke, and Sean Brossia, eds. Advances in Electrochemical Techniques for Corrosion Monitoring and Measurement. ASTM International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp1506-eb.

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Dorfi, Anna. In Situ Scanning Probe Techniques for Evaluating Electrochemical Systems. [publisher not identified], 2020.

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D, Abruña Héctor, ed. Electrochemical interfaces: Modern techniques for in-situ interface characterization. VCH Pub., 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Electrochemical techniques"

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Taberna, Pierre-Louis, and Patrice Simon. "Electrochemical Techniques." In Supercapacitors. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527646661.ch3.

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Chen, Gang, and Yuehe Lin. "Electrochemical Techniques." In Encyclopedia of Microfluidics and Nanofluidics. Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5491-5_403.

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Gordon, M. H., and R. Macrae. "Electrochemical techniques." In Instrumental Analysis in the Biological Sciences. Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1521-6_13.

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Daws, Lynette C., Anne M. Andrews, and Greg A. Gerhardt. "Electrochemical Techniques." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36172-2_311.

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Fifield, F. W., and D. Kealey. "Electrochemical Techniques." In Principles and Practice of Analytical Chemistry. Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2179-2_6.

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Chen, Gang, and Yuehe Lin. "Electrochemical Techniques." In Encyclopedia of Microfluidics and Nanofluidics. Springer US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27758-0_403-5.

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Kuznetsov, S. A. "Electrochemical Techniques." In Molten Salts: From Fundamentals to Applications. Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0458-9_11.

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Weppner, Werner. "Electrochemical Measurement Techniques." In NATO ASI Series. Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0509-5_7.

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Broomfield, John P. "Electrochemical repair techniques." In Corrosion of Steel in Concrete, 3rd ed. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003223016-7.

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Lvov, Serguei N. "Electrochemical Techniques II." In Introduction to Electrochemical Science and Engineering, 2nd ed. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315296852-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Electrochemical techniques"

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Baboian, R. "Predicting Galvanic Corrosion Using Electrochemical Techniques." In CORROSION 1985. NACE International, 1985. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1985-85058.

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Electrochemical techniques for predicting galvanic corrosion are based on three types of measurements. These are mixed potential, galvanic current, and polarization measurements.1,2 Although each of these techniques has been used widely, careful experimentation is required in order to obtain useful information. In many cases, more than one technique is required to characterize a specific couple.
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Van Orden, Ann Chidester. "Electrochemical Measurement of Corrosion Rate." In CORROSION 1991. NACE International, 1991. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1991-91140.

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Abstract An overview of laboratory techniques for electrochemically measuring corrosion rate in aqueous solutions is presented. Techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, polarization resistance, and potentiostatic polarization are discussed along with the assumptions made in using each technique. A short summary of the electrochemical background for each measurement is included with possible concerns that are not usually emphasized in making the calculations of corrosion rate. Measuring corrosion rate in the presence of localized corrosion is mentioned with some references to more in depth papers on each topic.
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Abayarathna, Dharma, and Ali Naraghi. "Evaluation of Corrosion Inhibitors for CO2 Corrosion Using Electrochemical and Non- Electrochemical Techniques." In CORROSION 2001. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01060.

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Abstract Corrosion control of carbon steel in oil and gas production with the application of chemicals is widely used due to simplicity of application, availability and economic reasons. The successful corrosion control programs require cost effective corrosion inhibitors that retard the corrosion reactions providing protection. The corrosion inhibitors that are designed to mitigate CO2 corrosion are evaluated using electrochemical and non-electrochemical techniques in this study. These techniques included electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), polarization resistance, Tafel extrapolation and traditional mass loss measurements. Several corrosion inhibitors with different chemical and physical properties are selected for this study. These chemicals with different characteristics are designed either for batch or continuous treatment in the field. The various electrochemical techniques utilized for the evaluation of the selected corrosion inhibitors provided very consistent results. Furthermore, the EIS technique provided additional information with regards to the protective nature of the inhibitor film that was not attainable from other techniques. The corrosion rates measured for the chemicals based on mass loss data were higher compared to the electrochemical results. However, the ranking of the chemicals with regard to the corrosion protection provided were similar based on each of the selected measurement techniques.
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Cameron, Glenn R., and Allen S. Chiu. "Electrochemical Techniques for Corrosion Inhibitor Studies." In CORROSION 1985. NACE International, 1985. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1985-85086.

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Abstract Alternating current (AC) impedance and direct current (DC) electrochemical measurements can be used to examine protective inhibitor films on mild steel. AC impedance provides information on the resistive and capacitive behavior, while linear polarization measurements determine polarization resistance, modelled Tafel slopes and instantaneous corrosion rates. AC impedance data can only be used to calculate corrosion rates by incorporating linear polarization Tafel constants.
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Bakama, J., and R. Heidersbach. "Electrochemical Techniques for Determining Potential-pH Diagrams." In CORROSION 1985. NACE International, 1985. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1985-85067.

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Abstract Potential-pH (Pourbaix) diagrams were developed as a means of presenting large amounts of thermodynamic data in a means useful to practicing corrosion engineers and electrochemists. While thermodynamically-based diagrams have received wide acceptance in many fields, they have several important limitations including: They cannot be calculated for alloys.They cannot adequately predict which of several possible species is most likely to form.They cannot predict the kinetics of electrode reactions.They cannot predict the effectiveness of passive films which form on electrode surfaces. The above limitations led several research groups to seek methods of experimentally determining potential-pH diagrams for pure metals and alloys in aqueous environments. The present paper discusses electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques which have been used for the experimental determination of potential-pH diagrams. Applications to corrosion research and limitations of present techniques are also discussed.
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Monter, J. V., J. M. Jevec, and G. J. Theus. "Chemical Cleaning Endpoint Determination Using Electrochemical Techniques." In CORROSION 1985. NACE International, 1985. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1985-85186.

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Abstract Theoretically, it is possible to use a measure of voltage difference (ΔE) between an iron electrode and a second electrode to follow the concentration of iron in chemical cleaning solutions, as predicted by the following equation: ΔE=A+Blog[Fe]where A and B are characteristics of the cleaning solvent. Field evaluations of this theory were performed during three superheater/reheater cleanings. In these cleanings, a set of probes was used to continuously monitor the voltage difference between a platinum electrode and a carbon steel electrode. The voltage difference between these probes reflected the amount of iron in the chemical cleaning solutions. Plots of these data were made to verify the equation. A second set of electrochemical corrosion probes was placed in each system to monitor corrosion during the cleanings. Measurements of the corrosion rate followed the trends expected during a normal chemical cleaning and demonstrated that this technique can be applied in a field chemical cleaning. The results of the trials reported in this paper demonstrate that electrochemical monitoring devices can be used for "real-time" monitoring in organic acid chemical cleanings. As the backlog of data is broadened on these systems and their dependability proven, they can become increasingly useful on-line monitoring tools during a chemical cleaning operation.
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Eden, D. A. "Electrochemical Noise - the First Two Octaves." In CORROSION 1998. NACE International, 1998. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1998-98386.

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Abstract Electrochemical noise techniques have been used to study corrosion related processes since the early 1980's. Preliminary studies of the electrochemical characteristics of localised corrosion phenomena, in particular pitting and cavitation attack, established the sensitivity of the technique for the detection of spontaneous changes in corrosion processes. Throughout the last sixteen years, the fundamental principles and methodology behind the measurements has changed little, but with the advent of the computer age, improved data acquisition, signal processing, and fast analysis techniques have enabled the technique to be routinely used in the field. The evolution of electrochemical noise monitoring techniques is reviewed with relation to the development of electrochemical noise measurement for metallic corrosion, and the analysis and interpretation of the observed noise response. Practical site applications have been an intrinsic part of the evolutionary process, and the development of the technology is discussed with relation to the database obtained for a wide variety of corrosion circumstance.
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Klassen, R. D., and P. R. Roberge. "Analyzing Electrochemical Noise Data with Time-Domain Techniques." In CORROSION 2004. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04447.

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Abstract This article introduces two techniques for characterizing individual transients in electrochemical noise (EN) data in the time domain. These approaches extract information from only electrochemical transients in EN data, i.e. where current and potential are correlated. An algorithm is introduced for identifying transients based on locating records where both the current and potential derivatives are simultaneously zero. A measure of the intensity of the transient was obtained from the current amplitude near the transient apex. A measure of the uniform corrosion rate of the less active electrode during a transient was obtained from the ratio of differences in potential and current during a single transient. The corrosion rates thus obtained appear to have a lognormal distribution. These techniques were illustrated from laboratory measurements for three systems, i.e. carbon steel (UNS G10100) electrodes in saline and two magnesium alloys, AZ91D (UNS M11916) and ZA1040 (experimental alloy), in saline/magnesium hydroxide solutions. This approach seems to be readily transportable to a field monitoring system as long as the sampling frequency is high enough and there is a processor available to convert raw data as it is collected and store only the processed results.
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Bond, A. P., E. A. Lizlovs, H. J. Dundas, and A. Poznansky. "Development of Corrosion Resistant Alloys Using Electrochemical Techniques." In CORROSION 1985. NACE International, 1985. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1985-85068.

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In the development of corrosion resistant alloys, the first problem that must be faced is deciding how best to evaluate corrosion resistance. Normally, accelerated testing of some sort must be used since in many applications, it is expected that the alloys will give quite long service. Many accelerated exposure type tests have been used but the difficulties encountered include the necessity that the corrosive environment be severe enough to cause some corrosion of all or most of the alloys involved while not being so severe as to cause catastrophic corrosion of many of the alloys. Certainly these difficulties can be overcome by a judicious selection of corrosive environments, but for complete characterization of alloy systems, a large number of experiments are required.
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Murray, John N., John R. Scully, and Patrick J. Moran. "Electrochemical Techniques for the Study of Underground Corrosion." In CORROSION 1986. NACE International, 1986. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1986-86271.

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Abstract Plain carbon steel and coated pipeline samples are being studied in soils and simulant solutions. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is being utilized to determine the corrosion current and the corroding surface area. Data from soil boxes, three distinct field areas, and simulant aqueous solutions are presented and discussed.
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Reports on the topic "Electrochemical techniques"

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Roy, Ajit. Galvanic corrosion testing using electrochemical and immersion techniques. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2647.

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Bruce W. Bussert, John A. Crowley, Kenneth J. Kimball, and Brian J. Lashway. The Use of Electrochemical Techniques to Characterize Wet Steam Environments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/821376.

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Hu, Hongqiang, Claire Xiong, Mike Hurley, and Ju Li. Establishing New Capability of High Temperature Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Techniques for Equilibrium and Kinetic Experiments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1468632.

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Wongpakdeea, Thinnapong, Karin Crenshaw, Hery Figueroa Wong, Duangjai Nacapricha, and Bruce McCord. Advancements in Analytical Techniques for Rapid Identification of Gunshot Residue and Low Explosives through Electrochemical Detection and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Florida International University, 2024. https://doi.org/10.25148/gfjcsr.2024.7.

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This research focuses on developing two analytical methods for forensic investigations using electrochemical detection and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. For electrochemical analysis, screen-printed carbon electrodes are used to detect metals and nitrate/nitrite compounds commonly found in gunshot residue. Gold electrodeposition and copper modification enhance sensitivity and catalytic activity, respectively. Additionally, a screen-printed gold electrode modified with gold nanoparticles enables surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, requiring only a single drop of sample solution. Testing includes various compounds relevant to forensic identification, with Origin software used for data analysis. These techniques provide rapid and precise onsite examination of gunshot residue and low explosives, eliminating the need for benchtop instruments. Overall, these advancements enhance forensic inquiries and contribute to the ongoing progress of forensic science, aiding law enforcement agencies worldwide in seeking justice.
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Firsich, D. Electrochemical techniques for the analysis of corrosion in stainless steel components. 303 stainless steel in contact with TATB. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5334364.

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Glasscott, Matthew, Johanna Jernberg, Erik Alberts, and Lee Moores. Toward the electrochemical detection of 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43826.

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Analytical methods to rapidly detect explosive compounds with high precision are paramount for applications ranging from national security to environmental remediation. This report demonstrates two proof-of-concept electroanalytical methods for the quantification of 2,4-dinitroanisol (DNAN) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). For the first time, DNAN reduction was analyzed and compared at a bare graphitic carbon electrode, a polyaniline-modified (PANI) electrode, and a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) electrode utilizing PANI to explore the effect of surface-area and preconcentration affinity on the analytical response. Since some explosive compounds such as PETN are not appreciably soluble in water (<10 μg/L), necessitating a different solvent system to permit direct detection via electrochemical reduction. A 1,2-dichloroethane system was explored as a possibility by generating a liquid-liquid extraction-based sensor exploiting the immiscibility of 1,2-dichloroethane and water. The reduction process was explored using a scan rate analysis to extract a diffusion coefficient of 6.67 x 10⁻⁶ cm/s, in agreement with literature values for similarly structured nitrate esters. Once further refined, these techniques may be extended to other explosives and combined with portable electrochemical hardware to bring real-time chemical information to soldiers and citizens alike.
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Glasscott, Matthew, and Jason Ray. Accelerated corrosion of infrastructural seven-strand cables via additively manufactured corrosion flow cells. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47606.

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The purpose of this project was to generate an accelerated corrosion methodology capable of producing seven-strand cables with simulated corrosive defects for calibration of nondestructive analysis (NDA) techniques. An additively manufactured accelerated corrosion cell was motivated and designed. Previous attempts at accelerated electrochemical corrosion used a large cable area with a current density that was too low (i.e., 1 A/m²)* to effectuate efficient corrosion. The accelerated corrosion cell presented here takes advantage of the restricted area within the corrosion flow cell to maximize the corrosion rate in a consistent and calibrated manner (i.e., 2,000 A/m²).
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Brousseau, R., and Mr Bob Gummow. CR-6352 Research into Methods of Mitigating External Corrosion Underneath Unbonded Dielectric Coating. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011776.

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The main objective of this research program was to determine whether or not cost effective methods could be developed and applied to mitigate corrosion occurring on the external surface of a pipeline beneath unbonded or disbonded coating. Conventional cathodic protection techniques have not been completely successful in preventing underfilm corrosion particularly in fresh water and soils environments. Two new methods were investigated for mitigating corrosion. These involved modifying the traditional cathodic protection approach used in the field. In the laboratory, the measurements were performed in an electrochemical cell simulating a crevice with the steel segmented to facilitate monitoring of the current redistribution.
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Beauregard, Yannick. PR261-193604-R01 Optimizing Stress Corrosion Cracking Management - Field and Economic Study. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012179.

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This work aims to improve pipeline segment prioritization for stress corrosion cracking (SCC) excavations. Specifically, it is aimed at optimizing the technical accuracy and the cost of the Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP, formerly NACE) Stress Corrosion Cracking Direct Assessment (SP0204-2015) process by: - evaluating the SCC susceptibility criteria of soil property parameters that were proposed in the first phase of the project (pH, resistivity, sulfide concentration, soil carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, carbonate concentration, soil oxygen (O2) concentration, sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) concentration, oxygen reduction potential (ORP), soil moisture content, soil effect on steel hydrogen permeation and electrochemical properties) - investigating the technical and economic feasibility of using commercially available field instruments for the measurement of these soil parameters to overcome limitations of laboratory testing (e.g., sample preservation and external costs) Soil sampling and testing was conducted at twenty-two dig sites in three geographic regions in the USA and Canada. On-site soil sampling and testing activities were conducted by field service providers using commercially available portable instruments. Soil samples were sent to laboratories for chemical analysis and for electrochemical characterization. The data analysis consisted of: (i) comparison of soil properties obtained at sites with and without SCC against the proposed SCC susceptibility criteria (ii) comparison of soil property data obtained in the field to those obtained through laboratory analysis (iii) comparison of soil property data obtained using different field and lab measurement techniques (iv) comparison of costs associated with performing in-field measurements to those of laboratory analysis.
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Niles, Kendall, Jason Ray, Kenneth Niles, Andrew Maxwell, and Anton Netchaev. Monitoring for analytes through LoRa and LoRaWAN technology. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/49457.

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The purpose of this research is to investigate the use of a communication network utilizing Long Range (LoRa) low-power wide-area network protocol for the telemetry of detected target chemicals. The sensor platform under development allows traditional electrochemical techniques to be executed with a low Size, Weight, and Power (low SWaP) system that is deployable using an autonomous or remote-controlled vehicle. Once in the field, the sensors communicate target chemical concentrations to a centralized gateway through LoRa to an Internet of Things (IoT) network. Researchers are currently deploying the prototype network for field testing of each node's sensing, meshing, and communication capabilities throughout all weather climates. Developing a robust and dynamic sensor network to monitor the environment and provide a live data feed to detect chemicals of interest in the environment eliminates the need for direct human interaction. The low power consumption of LoRa allows the network nodes to be deployed for an extended amount of time on a single battery supply.
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