Relevant bibliographies by topics / Electrode melting

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Electrode melting'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Electrode melting"

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Rao, Lei, Qi Yao Hu, and Xiao Long Li. "Numerical Simulation Study of Consumable Electrode Melting Process in Electro-Slag Remelting Ingots." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 3895–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.3895.

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Electro-slag remelting (ESR) is a kind of special metallurgy techniques to produce high quality alloy materials. The interface of electrode and slag is the energy entrance of entire system in the remelting process. Mathematical model of consumable electrode’s melting process has been built in this paper. Some valuable variation rules of droplet diameter, droplet forming time, melting rate and purification coefficient following melting current and slag bath depth have been studied through a series of simulation work. Based on the mechanism studying of the consumable electrode’s melting, some meaningful experience to optimize the technological parameters and improve material quality of electro slag ingot has been gotten.
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Liu, Zhen, Jian Can Yang, Jie Cao, and Yan Li. "Development and Application of Tungsten Electrode Materials." Materials Science Forum 817 (April 2015): 348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.817.348.

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The electrode is widely used in TIG for its characteristics of high melting point and low work function. This paper provides a general classification of rare earth tungsten electrode, and briefly introduces its development course. At the same time, the emission properties, processing and application of the rare-earth tungsten electrode are reviewed in this paper which briefly overviews the status quo and the developments in research on the Tungsten electrodes. This paper also forecasts the development tendency and application prospect of the electrodes, aiming at providing valuable reference for the research and promotion on rare-earth tungsten electrode materials.
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Lychko, I. I., K. A. Yushchenko, S. A. Suprun, and S. M. Kozulin. "Peculiarities of electrode and base metal melting in electroslag welding." Paton Welding Journal 2019, no. 3 (March 28, 2019): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tpwj2019.03.01.

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Zhang, Li, Li Hua Dong, D. S. Wang, C. H. Fan, and Y. Zhou. "A Survey on Electrode Materials for Electrical Discharge Machining." Materials Science Forum 697-698 (September 2011): 495–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.697-698.495.

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This work screens electrode materials used in EDM and proposes some potential electrodes for future industrial applications. Traditional graphite, W, and Mo EDM electrodes have low TWR due to their high melting points; while, Zn, brass, and Cu often experience too much tool wear. As to some newly developed alloy and composite materials, their machining performances depend on not only their melting points but also their microstructures. Cu-W alloy has high wear resistance but it is susceptible to shape loss due to its internal porosity. By contrast, Cu-graphite, Cu-ZrB2 and Cu-TiB2 composites show good capabilities of removing material with little wear loss and therefore could be promising for future usages.
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Wang, A. Cheng, Ken Chuan Cheng, Yan Cherng Lin, and Jeng Shen Huang. "Study the Re-Sticky Phenomenon of Powder Metallurgy Debris in the Electrical Discharge Machining." Advanced Materials Research 83-86 (December 2009): 968–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.83-86.968.

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The debris re-adhering on the machining surface will affect the workpiece precision in EDM; therefore, the main purpose of this research is to study the re-sticky phenomenon of the powder metallurgy (PMM) in EDM. PMM with different melting points from 1450oC to 3410oC were used as EDM materials, the copper and the tungsten were chosen as the electrodes. The polarity in EDM was depended on the pole of the electrode. For observing the re-sticky position of the debris, the electrode was set no rotation or with 200 rpm rotational speed in EDM. The results showed that the melting point of PMM did not exceed 3000oC (PMM did not contain tungsten); the debris of PMM would not re-stick on the working surface no matter what polarity was used in EDM. However, only negative polarity can cause the re-adhesive effect when the melting point of PMM exceeded 3000oC. The debris would re-stick on any machining position when the electrode was not rotated in EDM. However, the debris would adhere on the central of the working area with 200 rpm rotational speed of the electrode.
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Kharicha, A., E. Karimi-Sibaki, J. Bohacek, M. Wu, and A. Ludwig. "Transient melting of an ESR electrode." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 143 (July 2016): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/143/1/012003.

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Abdulkareem, Suleiman, Ahsan Ali Khan, and Mohamed Konneh. "Reducing Electrode Wear Using Cryogenic Cooling during Electrical Discharge Machining." Advanced Materials Research 83-86 (December 2009): 672–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.83-86.672.

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In electrical discharge machining (EDM), material is removed by a series of electrical discharge between the electrode (tool) and the workpiece that develops a temperature of about 8,0000C to 12,0000C. Due to high temperature of the sparks, work material is melted and vapourized, at the same time the electrode material is also eroded by melting and vapourization. Electrodes wear (EW) process is quite similar to the material removal mechanism as the electrode and the workpiece are considered as a set of electrode in EDM. In the present study effort has been made to reduce EW by cooling, using liquid nitrogen during the EDM of titanium alloy. Investigation on the effect of cooling on electrode wear (EW), material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra) of the workpiece was carried out. Current (I), pulse on-time (ton), pause off-time (toff) and voltage (v) were considered as the machining parameters. Design of experiment (DOE) was used to design the experimental works. Cooling of electrode by this technique reduced the melting and vapourization of electrode material and enhances electrode life. It was possible to reduce EW up to 27% by applying this technique while MRR and Ra were improved by 18% and 8% respectively.
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Tsybulkin, G. A. "Synthesis of structure of system for self-regulation of electrode melting rate." Paton Welding Journal 2017, no. 7 (July 28, 2017): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tpwj2017.07.01.

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SAIDOV, RUSTAM, YONG-WON SONG, FATIMA RAKHIMOVA, and MUZAFAR ABRALOV. "INFLUENCE OF THE BASICITY INDEX ON WELDING ELECTRODE COATINGS ON THEIR WELDING AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES." Computational nanotechnology 7, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2313-223x-2020-7-3-77-84.

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At this article presented the results of researches on studying of influence of basicity index BI of the electrode coating and the Melting Temperature Tm of the slag of electrode coatings consisting of a two-component CaO-SiO2 oxide system and ore-mineral raw materials of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the welding and technological properties of the welding electrodes. The relationship between these indicators was determined, the strength of linear correlation of which was estimated using the coefficient of determination R2. The influence of the BI value on such properties of the welding electrode as the breaking length of the arc, the formation of the deposited metal, and the formation of a visor or cover at the end of the electrode is established. Based on the research results, recommendations for the basicity index BI of the electrode coating were identified, which can be used in the development of electrode coating compositions for their effective impact on the welding and technological properties of welding electrodes.
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Kumar, G. Sathish, R. Sellamuthu, and Sanjivi Arul. "Determination of Melting Efficiency of Mild Steel in GTA Welding Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.139.

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In this study, a model for the melting efficiency of Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) was developed and validated using experiments. It was found that the melting efficiency increases with current, speed, arc length and electrode tip angle. The melting efficiency is found to be stable with increase in electrode diameter. The results were compared with existing studies.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electrode melting"

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Pilkvist, Andreas. "Analys och modellering av ljusbåglängdsregleringen i pulsad MIG/MAG-svetsning." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2370.

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This master thesis deals with problems in the arc length control in Pulsed MIG/MAG Welding. The main problem is that it is not possible to measure the arc length. In the present solution the voltage over both the electrode and the arc represents the arc length.

To improve the arc length control a model of the electrode melting has been built. One output from the model is the voltage over the electrode and with this voltage together with the measured voltage it is possible to calculate the voltage over just the arc. Then, having the arc voltage as a value of arc length the arc length control can be improved, which is showed in the end by simulations. Simulations with the present control system are compared with the new one, when the controller is able to control the arc voltage instead of the sum of both the electrode voltage and the arc voltage.

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Liu, WenDi. "Optimization of Molybdenum Electrodes for Glass Melting." Digital WPI, 2015. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/208.

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The U.S. glass industry is a $28 billion enterprise and millions of tons of glasses are melted each day by different heating techniques, such as conventional oil fired furnaces or via electrical heating. The share of electrical heating is bound to rise steadily because it is cleaner and more energy efficient. Due to this situation molybdenum will play a significant role in electrical glass melting, since it is the most frequently used electrode material to deliver the electricity into the glass melts. Although it has a high melting point, high electrical and thermal conductivity and a low coefficient of expansion, molybdenum electrodes fail because of lack of sustainability during the glass melting process. Melt reaction with electrodes is the fundamental barrier to higher melting temperatures. Glass manufacturers have suggested that the need for better performance of molybdenum electrodes will see a rapid advancement in the use of electric heating system in the U.S. This work first focused on post-mortem analysis on used molybdenum electrodes with and without the current load in order to establish failure mechanisms for molybdenum during glass melting. It was determined that service life of molybdenum electrodes are limited by poor oxidation and corrosion resistance of molybdenum with redox reactions. Various studies have shown that the failure mode for molybdenum electrodes is a complex phenomenon. It depends on chemical composition of the electrode, current density and frequency, and chemical composition of the glass melt, specifically polyvalent ions that may be present in the melt. In this work, the MoSiB coating was validated as a promising protection for molybdenum from oxidation attack. Several molybdenum and molybdenum based-alloy electrodes were tested in different molten glasses in the remelter furnace to optimize the structural characteristics that are needed in Mo electrodes. Moreover, the quantitative data and fundamental knowledge gained in this work is being applied for molybdenum electrode production to extend its service life and also improve its quality.
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Ellis, Jonathan Dudley. "Quality assurance by electron beam button melting." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286213.

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Powell, Adam Clayton IV. "Transport phenomena in electron beam melting and evaporation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39623.

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Klingvall, Ek Rebecca. "SURFACE PROPERTIES OF IMPLANTS MANUFACTURED USING ELECTRON BEAM MELTING." Licentiate thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för kvalitetsteknik, maskinteknik och matematik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-27125.

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This thesis summarizes the results concerning the manufacture of medical implants for bone replacement using electron beam melting (EBM) which is an additive manufacturing (AM) technology, and aims to satisfy the engineering needs for the medical functionality of manufacturing technology. This thesis has focused on some microscopic properties for surfaces and bone integration. The process parameters of EBM manufacturing were studied to ascertain whether they have impacts on surface appearance, as surface properties have impacts on bone integration and implant performance. EBM manufacturing uses an electron beam to melt metal powder onto each layer in a manner akin to welding. The electron beam is controlled by process parameters that may be altered to a certain extent by the operator. There are individual process parameters for every material, and new parameters are set when developing new materials. In this thesis, process parameters in default settings were altered to ascertain whether it was possible to specify process parameters for implant manufacturing. The blood chamber model was used for thromboinflammation validation, using human whole blood. The model is used to identify early reactions of coagulation and immunoreactions. The material used in this study was Ti6Al4V-ELI, which is corrosion resistant and has the same surface oxide layers as titanium, and CoCr-F75, which has high stiffness, is wear-resistant and is commonly used in articulating joints. The study shows that among the process parameters researched, a combination of speed and current have the most impact on surface roughness and an interaction of parameters were found using design of experiment (DOE). As-built EBM surfaces show thrombogenicity, which in previous studies has been associated with bone ingrowth. Surface structure of as-build EBM manufactured surfaces are similar to implants surfaces described by Pilliar (2005), but with superior material properties than those of implants with sintered metals beads. By altering the process parameters controlling the electron beam, surface roughness of as-build parts may be affected, and the rougher EBM manufactured surfaces tend to be more thrombogen than the finer EBM manufactured surfaces. As-build EBM manufactured surfaces in general show more thrombogenicity than conventional machined implants surfaces.
Denna avhandling behandlar tillverkning av medicinska implantat för integration i ben. I fokus är den additiva tillverkningstekniken ”elektronstrålesmältning” ( Electron Beam Melting –EBM), en av flera tekniker som populärt beskrivs med termen 3D-skrivare. Avhandlingen fokuserar på mikroskopiska ytegenskaper och dess inverkan på benintegration. Processparametrarna för EBM-tillverkning studerades för att fastställa hur de påverkar ytans utseende, efter som ytegenskaper har effekt på implantatens funktion. EBM-tillverkning använder en elektronstråle som likt svetsning smälter ihop metallpulver. Elektronstrålen styrs av processparametrar som till viss mån kan justeras av maskinoperatören. Det finns individuella processparametrar för varje material och nya parametrar utvecklas till varje ny legering. I denna avhandling har ”grundinställningarnas processparametrar” studerats för att ta reda på om det är möjligt att ställa in specifika parametrar till implantattillverkning. Med hjälp av blodkammarmetoden, som använder humant blod, har thromboinflammatoriska egenskaper undersökts. Metoden identifierar tidiga koagulations- och immunologiska reaktioner. Legeringarna som undersökts i denna studie var Ti6Al4V-ELI, som är korrosionsbeständigt med samma uppsättning oxider på ytan som titan har, och CoCr-F75, en legering som har hög styvhet, är slitstarkt och är vanligt förekommande i implantat för leder. Bland de undersökta processparametrarna visar en kombination av hastighet och ström ha mest inverkan på ytjämnhet och en interaktion mellan parametrar identifierades med hjälp av försöksplanering. EBM-tillverkade ytor visade på thrombogena egenskaper som i tidigare studier kan relateras till god integration i benvävnad. Ytstrukturen hos EBM-tillverkade ytor liknar de implantatytor som Pilliar (2005) beskriver, men materialegenskaperna är bättre än de materialegenskaper som implantat, med sintrad yta, har. Genom att ändra processparametrarna som styr elektronstrålen kan ytstrukturen påverkas. Grövre EBM-tillverkade ytor tenderar att vara mer thrombogena än de finare EBM-tillverkade ytorna är. Obehandlade EBM-tillverkade ytor i allmänhet är mer thrombogena än vad konventionellt framställda implantatytor är.
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Conti, Alfredo. "Tecniche della manifattura additiva - applicazioni in ambito aeronautico e aerospaziale." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13306/.

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Il potenziale delle nuove tecnologie digitali applicate al settore industriale ha consentito di ridurre enormemente la durata dei cicli produttivi grazie alla rapida gestione di quantità di dati sempre più considerevoli attraverso l’introduzione delle Macchine a Controllo Numerico (Computer Numerical Control – CNC). Nel corso delle ultime tre decadi, l’industria manifatturiera ha subito notevoli e sostanziali cambiamenti grazie ad una sempre più forte connessione con il mondo dell’informatica. La più grande rivoluzione in tale ambito è stata segnata dall’avvento della Manifattura Additiva (Additive Manufacturing - AM), conosciuta sotto diversi nomi, tra i quali Prototipazione Rapida (Rapid Prototyping), Manifattura Rapida (Rapid Manufacturing) o Libera Fabbricazione di Forme (Free Form Fabrication). Materia di ricerca e sviluppo sin dalla fine degli anni ’80, la Manifattura Additiva consente la creazione di elementi fisici tridimensionali partendo da modelli CAD attraverso la sovrapposizione successiva di materiale strato per strato (layer by layer), offrendo i benefici di una elevata flessibilità geometrica degli elaborati, altrimenti irraggiungibile attraverso le tradizionali tecniche di Manifattura Sottrattiva operanti per asportazione di materiale. In seguito ad intensive ricerche, progressi significativi sono stati fatti nello sviluppo e nella commercializzazione di nuovi ed innovativi processi AM.
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Timans, P. J. "Time resolved reflectivity studies of electron beam processing of semiconductors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234108.

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This work describes methods for making dynamic observations of the effects of electron beam heating, in a range of applications to semiconductors. The studies were based on the use of the time resolved reflectivity (TRR) method, in which the reflectivity of the specimens surface is measured during the heating cycle. The best experimental conditions for this technique have been identified and several applications are described in detail. Studies were made of epitaxial regrowth of amorphous layers created by ion implantation into silicon. The TRR method was applied using red and infra-red wavelengths, to characterize the regrowth kinetics, paying special attention to the influence of electrically active dopants. The results demonstrate that doping has a large effect on the regrowth process, for reasons which are related to both electrical and structural factors. The use of isothermal electron beam heating for annealing silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) specimens was investigated. In these studies, the TRR technique was applied to measurement of the temperature of the specimens and to observation of epitaxial recrystallization of amorphous layers created by self-implantation. In SOS films the amorphous layers could be at the surface or buried beneath a thin single crystal layer, and these cases resulted in different regrowth behaviour. TRR methods using green and red probe wavelengths proved to be sensitive to the type of crystallization, as well as the rate at which it occurs. They should also help to identify the best conditions for improvement of the crystal quality of SOS films. TRR was also used to examine heating of silicon-on-insulator materials by swept line electron beams. Temperature distributions were evaluated by measuring the reflectivity of a small area as the electron beam passed through it and the effects of various changes in the heating conditions were explored. Studies were made of zone melting recrystallization by observing the abrupt reflectivity changes which occur when silicon melts or freezes. In future work, TRR techniques could be developed to allow detailed investigation of the recrystallization process in structures intended for seeded recrystallization.
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Goel, Sneha. "Post-treatment of Alloy 718 produced by electron beam melting." Licentiate thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för avverkande och additativa tillverkningsprocesser (AAT), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-13547.

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Electron beam melting (EBM), a metal additive manufacturing (AM) process, has received considerable industrial attention for near net shape manufacture of complex geometries with traditionally difficult-to-machine materials. This has fuelled considerable academic interest in investigating EBM of Alloy 718, a nickel ironbased superalloy possessing an exciting combination of good mechanical behaviour and cost effectiveness. EBM production of Alloy 718 is particularly promising for aerospace and other sectors which value rapid production of components with large scope for design flexibility. The EBM builds are characterized by presence of inevitable defects and, anisotropy within a build is also a concern. Consequently, as-built Alloy 718 has to be subjected to post-build thermal-treatments (post-treatments) to ensure that the parts eventually meet the critical service requirements. Not withstanding the above, limited knowledge is available about optimal post-treatments for EBM-built Alloy 718. Therefore, the main focus of the work presented in this thesis was to systematically investigate the response of EBM-built material to post-treatments, which include hotisostatic pressing (HIPing), solution treatment (ST), and aging. HIPing of EBM-built Alloy 718 led to more than an order of magnitude reduction in defect content, which was reduced from as high as 17% to < 0.2% in samples built with intentionally introduced porosity to investigate limits of defect closure achievable through HIPing. In addition, HIPing also caused complete dissolution of δ and γ" phases present in the as-built condition, with the latter causing dropin hardness of the material. HIPing had no effect on the carbides and inclusions such as TiN, Al2O3 present in the built material. The evolution of microstructure during ST and aging was systematically investigated. Growth of potentially beneficial grain boundary δ phase precipitates was found to cease after a certain duration of ST, with samples subjected to prior-HIPing exhibiting lesser precipitation of the δ phase during ST. While the specimen hardness increased onaging, it was observed to plateau after a duration significantly shorted than the specified ASTM 'standard' aging cycle. Therefore, prima facie there are promising prospects for shortening the overall heat treatment duration. A combination of HIPing, ST, and aging treatments in a single uninterrupted cycle was also explored. Future work involving incorporation of a shortened heat treatment schedule in a combined cycle can have significant industrial implications.

Articles submitted to journals and unpublished manuscripts are not included in this registration

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Roos, Stefan. "Process Development for Electron Beam Melting of 316LN Stainless Steel." Licentiate thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för kvalitets- och maskinteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-37840.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is a technology that inverts the procedure of traditional machining. Instead of starting with a billet of material and removing unwanted parts, the AM manufacturing process starts with an empty workspace and proceeds to fill this workspace with material where it is desired, often in a layer-by-layer fashion. Materials available for AM processing include polymers, concrete, metals, ceramics, paper, photopolymers, and resins. This thesis is concerned with electron beam melting (EBM), which is a powder bed fusion technology that uses an electron beam to selectively melt a feedstock of fine powder to form geometries based on a computer-aided design file input. There are significant differences between EBM and conventional machining. Apart from the process differences, the ability to manufacture extremely complex parts almost as easily as a square block of material gives engineers the freedom to disregard complexity as a cost-driving factor. The engineering benefits of AM also include manufacturing geometries which were previously almost impossible, such as curved internal channels and complex lattice structures. Lattices are lightweight structures comprising a network of thin beams built up by multiplication of a three-dimensional template cell, or unit cell. By altering the dimensions and type of the unit cell, one can tailor the properties of the lattice to give it the desired behavior. Lattices can be made stiff or elastic, brittle or ductile, and even anisotropic, with different properties in different directions. This thesis focuses on alleviating one of the problems with EBM and AM, namely the relatively few materials available for processing. The method is to take a closer look at the widely used stainless steel 316LN, and investigate the possibility of processing 316LN powder via the EBM process into both lattices and solid material. The results show that 316LN is suitable for EBM processing, and a processing window is presented. The results also show that some additional work is needed to optimize the process parameters for increased tensile strength if the EBM-processed material is to match the yield strength of additively laser-processed 316L material.

Vid tidpunkten för framläggningen av avhandlingen var följande delarbete opublicerat: delarbete 3 (inskickat).

At the time of the defence the following paper was unpublished: paper 3 (submitted).

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Ou, Jun. "Melting of solids in liquid titanium during electron beam processing." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/55908.

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Both experiments and numerical modeling work have been carried out to understand the phenomena contributing to the melting of solid condensate in liquid titanium alloys during Electron Beam Cold Hearth Re-melting (EBCHR). To begin, ice/water and ethanol/water analogue physical models were adopted to study the melting of a low melting point solid introduced into liquid and to provide data suitable for developing a comprehensive numerical-based modeling framework. The results revealed that thermal and compositional driven buoyancy and surface tension (Marangoni) flows, when present, can have a significant impact on solid melting in a system where forced convection is not significant. In work that followed, the melting behavior of Commercial Purity Titanium (CP-Ti) rods in liquid CP-Ti was investigated with the aid of an Electron Beam Button Furnace (EBBF) to examine the melting kinetics in the titanium system in the absence of compositional effects. The results showed that the liquid titanium initially froze onto the cold rod when it was immersed, resulting in the formation of a solid/solid interface that acted to retard melting when present. Data collected from the experiments included the evolution in the solid profile of the rod with time and the evolution in temperature obtained from a thermocouple embedded in the rod. The numerical modeling framework developed for the ethanol/water system was modified and applied to support analysis of the experimental results including the determination of an effective interfacial heat transfer coefficient (EIHTC). A similarity solution was also developed to assess the numerical model derived EIHTC. In the final phase of the study, work was conducted on Ti-Al solid rods partially immersed in liquid CP-Ti and liquid Ti-6wt%Al-4wt%V (Ti64) as a means of approximating the behavior of condensate in industry. The melting behavior of Ti-Al was observed to differ significantly from that of CP-Ti rods. Despite having a lower melting point, the Ti-Al rod was found to heat up and melt at a much slower rate. Metallographic examination of partially melted rods and a sensitivity analysis conducted with the numerical model has been able to partially, but not fully explain this difference.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Materials Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Books on the topic "Electrode melting"

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Colloque international sur le soudage et la fusion par faisceaux d'électrons et laser (5e 1993 La Baule, Loire-Atlantique, France). 5ème Colloque international sur le soudage et la fusion par faisceaux d'électrons et laser =: 5th International Conference on Welding and Melting by Electron and Laser Beams, La Baule, 14-18 juin 1993. [Saclay]: Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, 1993.

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Cyclic plasticity and low cycle fatigue life of metals. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1991.

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Pokhodnya, I. K., V. N. Gorpenyuk, S. S. Milichenko, and V. E. Ponomarev. Metallurgy of Arc Welding: Arc Processes and Electrode Melting. Asm Intl, 1991.

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Electron Beams Melting and Refining State of the Art, 1990. Bakish Materials Corp, 1990.

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Bakish, R. Proceedings of the Conference of Electro Beam Melting and Refining: State of the Art 1991 Conference. Bakish Materials Corp, 1991.

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The Proceedings of Electron Beam Melting and Refining - State of the Art 1990 Held in Reno, Nevada. Bakish Materials Corp, 1991.

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5eme Colloque international sur le soudage et la fusion par faisceaux d'electrons et laser =: 5th International Conference on Welding and Melting by Electron and Laser Beams, La Baule, 14-18 juin 1993. Commissariat a l'energie atomique, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Electrode melting"

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Koizumi, Yuichiro. "Selective Electron Beam Melting." In Multi-dimensional Additive Manufacturing, 35–45. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7910-3_3.

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Murr, Lawrence E. "Laser and Electron Beam Melting Technologies." In Handbook of Materials Structures, Properties, Processing and Performance, 665–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01815-7_40.

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Murr, Lawrence E. "Laser and Electron Beam Melting Technologies." In Handbook of Materials Structures, Properties, Processing and Performance, 1–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01905-5_40-1.

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Fourcade, Julien, and Olivier Citti. "New Tin Oxide Electrodes for Glass Melting." In 73rd Conference on Glass Problems, 183–99. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118710838.ch14.

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Vutova, Katia, Vania Vassileva, Georgi Mladenov, Elena Koleva, Tirthalli Prakash, and Nagegownivari Munirathnam. "Electron Beam Melting and Recycling of Hafnium." In Supplemental Proceedings, 725–32. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118062173.ch92.

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Vutova, Katia, and Vania Vassileva. "Obtaining Multiple Metals Through Electron Beam Melting of Refractory Metal Wastes." In 2016 EPD Congress, 89–96. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119274742.ch10.

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Franzén, Sanna Fager, Joakim Karlsson, Ryan Dehoff, Ulf Ackelid, Orlando Rios, Chad Parish, and William Peters. "Microstructural Properties of Gamma Titanium Aluminide Manufactured by Electron Beam Melting." In Supplemental Proceedings, 455–62. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118062173.ch57.

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Harrysson, Ola L. A., and Denis R. Cormier. "Direct Fabrication of Custom Orthopedic Implants Using Electron Beam Melting Technology." In Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Medical Applications, 191–206. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470033983.ch9.

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Vutova, Katia, and Vania Vassileva. "Obtaining Multiple Metals Through Electron Beam Melting of Refractory Metal Wastes." In EPD Congress 2016, 89–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48111-1_10.

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Glattli, D. C., Eva Y. Andrei, and F. I. B. Williams. "Thermodynamic Measurement on the Melting of a Two-Dimensional Electron Solid." In Physics and Chemistry of Materials with Low-Dimensional Structures, 53–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-1286-2_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Electrode melting"

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Wang, B. J., and N. Saka. "Thermal analysis of electrode heating and melting due to a spark." In Electrical Contacts - 1992 Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/holm.1992.246934.

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Ahn, Seokyoung, Joseph J. Beaman, Rodney L. Williamson, and David K. Melgaard. "Model-Based Control of Electroslag Remelting Process Using Unscented Kalman Filter." In ASME 2008 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2008-2148.

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Electroslag Remelting (ESR) is used widely throughout the specialty metals industry. The process generally consists of a regularly shaped electrode that is immersed a small amount in liquid slag at a temperature higher than the melting temperature of the electrode. Melting droplets from the electrode fall through the lower density slag into a liquid pool constrained by a crucible and solidify into an ingot. High quality ingots require that electrode melt rate and immersion depth be controlled. This can be difficult when process conditions are such that the temperature distribution in the electrode is not at steady state. A new method of ESR control has been developed that incorporates an accurate, reduced-order melting model to continually estimate the temperature distribution in the electrode. The ESR process is highly nonlinear, noisy, and has coupled dynamics. An extended Kalman filter and an unscented Kalman filter were chosen as possible estimators and compared in the controller design. During the highly transient periods in melting, the unscented Kalman filter showed superior performance for estimating and controlling the system.
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Brusa, Eugenio G. M. "Analysis of Stiffening Effect and Rupture in Dynamics of Graphite Electrodes of the Electric Arc Furnace." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20034.

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Prediction of dynamic behavior of electrodes of the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) fed by AC current is rather difficult because of several phenomena superposed, particularly during the first step of melting process, i.e. the so-called perforation, and in case of melting of metallic scrap. Unexpected ruptures of electrodes are often observed as a consequence of vibration. Dynamic excitation is applied by the vertical position control of the mast supporting the electrodes and by the Lorentz’s forces generated by the magnetic flux provided by each electric phase. Moreover, the irregular distribution of stiffness along the electrode, being due to the sensitivity of material properties upon temperature, affects quite a lot the dynamic response of the structure. To identify the origin of the observed ruptures and to suitably predict the dynamic behavior of the whole system a modeling activity was performed. A numerical model of the EAF structures was built, by resorting to an integrated approach based on the Finite Element Method and on the Multi Body Dynamics, then it was preliminarily validated on an existing plant. It demonstrated that stiffening effect upon the graphite electrode induced by temperature distribution makes dangerous the action of the vertical position control, when it is applied too fast and excites the flexural modes of the electrode. Numerical model allowed refining the design of the electrode and improving the safety factor as well as finding some design requirement to suitably limit the operation of the position control system.
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Rao, Z. H., J. Hu, S. M. Liao, and H. L. Tsai. "Determination of Equilibrium Wire Feed Speeds for a Stable GMAW Process." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67799.

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In gas metal arc welding (GMAW), for given welding conditions (e.g., current, electrode diameter, electrode material, etc.), the consumable electrode wire must be fed in such a speed that it dynamically balances the electrode melting speed in order to achieve a stable welding. In this article, a comprehensive model for GMAW was developed to study the interplay between the transport phenomena including the electrode melting and plasma arc, and the dynamically equilibrium wire feed speeds (WFSs) under different welding conditions. The predicted WFSs are in excellent agreement with published data that were obtained through the trial-and-error procedure.
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Brusa, Eugenio G. M., Nicola Bosso, Nicolò Zampieri, Stefano Morsut, and Maurizio Picciotto. "Electromechanical Coupled Response of the AC Electric Arc Furnace Structures During the Scrap Melting Process." In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82366.

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Prediction of structural dynamics of the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) is rather difficult, because of a number of phenomena occurring during the scrap melting process. Three large electrodes, corresponding to each phase of a AC circuit, are lowered by the main mast towards the scrap to activate the melting process, induced by the electric arc. Electric current fed to each electrode produces a strong magnetic field and applies an electromechanical force on the other electrodes. Arc voltage looks irregular upon time, even because of the scrap motion within the vessel and temperature growth. The vertical position of the mast is controlled by an hydraulic actuator. Nevertheless, a heavy vibration of the structures affects the regularity of the melting process. A fully coupled model of the whole system is herein proposed, through a multi-physics approach. A first analytical approach, describing the electric circuit of the whole system, is implemented into a Multi Body Dynamics (MBD) model of the EAF, while a reduced Finite Element Method (FEM) model of the flexible structures is used for a preliminary optimization of the design parameters. Electromechanical forces due to the mutual induction among the electrodes are computed and the dynamic response of the system is investigated. Proposed model allows a first refinement of the EAF design, although a complete experimental validation on the real machine has to be performed, in spite of problems due the extremely difficult accessibility of structures during the melting process.
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McCoole, Maria-Emmanuella, Luigi Tozzi, and Daniel L. Tribble. "Solutions for Improving Spark Plug Life in High Efficiency, High Power Density, Natural Gas Engines." In ASME 2006 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2006-1417.

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Short spark plug life, resulting in increased engine downtime and operating costs, is the primary factor limiting the power density and thermal efficiency in lean burn natural gas engines. Fundamentally, as engine power density increases, spark plug life decreases. Common approaches to increasing spark plug life include use of high melting temperature electrode materials and increased electrode surface area. However, future targets for engine efficiency and power density require more effective system solutions. In order to achieve these system solutions, work has been focused on developing an empirically derived electrode erosion model. This model quantifies spark plug life as a function of spark discharge characteristics, spark plug electrode design, and flow fields in the vicinity of the spark plug gap for different engine power densities. Furthermore, quenching effects resulting from large surface electrodes and smaller spark gaps have been included to verify ignitability for given in-cylinder charge density and air/fuel ratio conditions. A good agreement between experimental data and model predictions has been demonstrated. Finally, a solution for extending spark plug life in high efficiency, high power density, natural gas engines has been proposed. This solution combines high spark power with a spark plug design consisting of small electrode gap, large electrode surface, and with enhanced flow fields at the electrode gap.
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Beaman, Joseph J., Rodney L. Williamson, David K. Melgaard, and Jon Hamel. "A Nonlinear Reduced Order Model for Estimation and Control of Vacuum Arc Remelting of Metal Alloys." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79239.

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Vacuum arc remelting (VAR) is an industrial metallurgical process widely used throughout the specialty metals industry to cast large alloy ingots. The VAR process is carried out in a vacuum with the aim of melting a large consumable electrode (.4 m in diameter and 3000 kg in mass and larger) in such a way that that the resulting ingot has improved homogeneity. The VAR control problem consists of adjusting arc current to control electrode melt rate, which also depends on the electrode temperature distribution and adjusting electrode ram speed to control the arc gap between the electrode and the ingot. The process is governed by a 1 dimensional heat conduction partial differential equation with a moving boundary, which leads to an infinite dimensional, nonlinear system. In addition to the process nonlinearity, the inputs and all of the available measurements are corrupted with noise. In order to design a controller and a Kalman based estimator for this process, integral methods are used to derive a set of two coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations in time, which capture the steady state and transient characteristics of melting in a VAR furnace. The model with the experimentally measured noise is then used to construct an estimator and a controller. The system can be described by two state variables that change in time: thermal boundary layer and melted length or alternatively electrode gap. The reduced order model compares favorably to an accurate finite difference model as well as melting data acquired for Ti-6Al-4V. It will be shown how this model can be used to obtain dynamic closed loop melt rate control while simultaneously controlling electrode gap. This controller and estimator were tested on a laboratory furnace at Timet.
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Yang, Dong, Wenpeng Xun, Huicheng Feng, and Honglong Chang. "Low-Melting Alloy Microfluidic Electrode Based on Hydrophobic Valve and its Application in Coulter Counter." In 2019 20th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems & Eurosensors XXXIII (TRANSDUCERS & EUROSENSORS XXXIII). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/transducers.2019.8808248.

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Pessoa, Ezequiel C. P., Alexandre Q. Bracarense, Stephen Liu, and Faustino Pe´rez-Guerrero. "Study of Porosity Location in Fresh Water Wet Welds." In ASME 2003 22nd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2003-37291.

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The objective of this work was to determine for particular water depth, the optimum current ranges in terms of best porosity location. Pores located at the top part of each weld bead were generally eliminated through re-melting by the next weld bead. This finding was consistent in fresh water wet welds on ASTM A36 steel using three commercial electrodes: E6013, E7018 and E7024 grades. Two depth levels were studied, 50 and 100 meters. A gravity feed welding system was used in a hyperbaric chamber of 200 m pressure capability. Through visual analysis and with help of a computer software, the optimal weld parameters for each electrode and depth regarding pore location were determined. Additionally, it was observed that porosity increases with increasing current and depth. Similar to welding in seawater, it was also verified that the E6013 electrodes presented greater arc stability and produced the best beads, while the E7018 electrodes did not produce good results. The E7024 electrode exhibited easy arc opening and reopening but did not present good stability. Finally, it was observed that the optimal current range reduced as depth increases.
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Saraev, Y. N., D. A. Chinakhov, D. P. Il’yashchenko, A. S. Kiselev, A. S. Gardiner, and I. V. Raev. "Study of the stability of electrode metal melting and transfer in the process of consumable electrode welding powered by supplies with differing dynamic characteristics." In ADVANCED MATERIALS WITH HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND RELIABLE STRUCTURES 2016: Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Materials with Hierarchical Structure for New Technologies and Reliable Structures 2016. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4966490.

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Reports on the topic "Electrode melting"

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Dehoff, Ryan R., Michael M. Kirka, Elizabeth Ellis, Vincent C. Paquit, Peeyush Nandwana, and Alex J. Plotkowski. Electron Beam Melting Technology Improvements. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1492151.

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Stupakov, Gennady. Melting Thin Foils by Incident Relativistic Electron Bunch. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1092075.

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Wu, A. S., S. G. Torres, T. P. Pluschkell, A. DeMint, B. R. Shelly, J. I. Jones, T. Boutaleb, et al. Alloying titanium and niobium via electron beam cold hearth melting. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1603870.

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Powell, A., U. Pal, and J. van den Avyle. Optimal beam pattern to maximize inclusion residence time in an electron beam melting hearth. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/432999.

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Peter, William, Peeyush Nandwana, Michael Kirka, Ryan Dehoff, William Sames, Donald Erdman, III, Anders Eklund, and Ron Howard. Understanding the Role of Hot Isostatic Pressing Parameters on the Microstructural Evolution of Ti-6Al-4V and Inconel 718 Fabricated by Electron Beam Melting. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1209206.

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