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1
Knutsson, Kjel. Patterns of tool use: Scanning electron microscopy of experiental quartz tools. Societas Archaeologica Upsaliensis, 1988.
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2
Nielsen, C. V. Modeling of Thermo-Electro-Mechanical Manufacturing Processes: Applications in Metal Forming and Resistance Welding. Springer London, 2013.
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3
Shils, Jay L., Sepehr Sani, Ryan Kochanski, Mena Kerolus, and Jeffrey E. Arle. Recording Techniques Related to Deep Brain Stimulation for Movement Disorders and Responsive Stimulation for Epilepsy. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0038.
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Neuromodulation therapies are now common treatments for a variety of medically refractory disorders, including movement disorders and epilepsy. While surgical techniques for each disorder vary, electricity is used by both for relieving symptoms. During stereotactic placement of the stimulating electrode, either deep brain stimulation electrodes or cortical strip electrodes, intraoperative neurophysiology is used to localize the target structure. This physiology includes single-unit recordings, neurostimulation evoked response evaluation, and intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) to ensure the electrode leads are in the optimal location. Because the functional target for the responsive neurostimulator is more easily visualized on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging, intraoperative physiology is used more as a confirmatory tool, in contrast to the more functional localization-based use during electrode placement for movement disorders. This chapter discusses surgical placement of the electrodes for each procedure and the physiological guidance methodology used to place the leads in the optimal location.
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Summerson, Samantha R., and Caleb Kemere. Multi-electrode Recording of Neural Activity in Awake Behaving Animals. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199939800.003.0004.
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Systems neuroscience is being revolutionized by the ability to record the activity of large numbers of neurons simultaneously. Chronic recording with multi- electrode arrays in animal models is a critical tool for studies of learning and memory, sensory processing, motor control, emotion, and decision-making. The experimental process for gathering large amounts of neural ensemble data can be very time consuming, however, the resulting data can be incredibly rich. We present a detailed overview of the process of acquiring multichannel neural data, with a particular focus on chronic tetrode recording in rodents.
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Lo, Meng-chen, Marie-France Marin, Alik S. Widge, and Mohammed R. Milad. Device-Based Treatment for PTSD. Edited by Frederick J. Stoddard, David M. Benedek, Mohammed R. Milad, and Robert J. Ursano. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190457136.003.0025.
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Device-based neuromodulation is an emerging tool with great potential for significant scientific and clinical implications for a number of mental disorders. Neuromodulation techniques deliver electro-magnetic pulses into the brain via invasive or noninvasive electrodes, with various timing and stimulation parameters. The stimulation is thought to work as a “brain pacemaker” that either activates or inactivates targeted brain regions to restore normal homeostasis. There have been significant recent efforts to explore the clinical utility of device-based approaches for the treatment of mood, anxiety disorders, and to a limited extent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This chapter outlines the scientific underpinnings and rationale for various device-based treatments of PTSD, highlights positive results of studies in other mental disorders, and summarizes the limited clinical data related specifically to the treatment of PTSD and other trauma- and stressor-related disorders to date.
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George, Anne, Sabu Thomas, Merin Sara Thomas, and Józef T. Haponiuk. Advanced Microscopy: A Strong Analytical Tool in Materials Science. Apple Academic Press, Incorporated, 2022.
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George, Anne, Sabu Thomas, Merin Sara Thomas, and Józef T. Haponiuk. Advanced Microscopy: A Strong Analytical Tool in Materials Science. Apple Academic Press, Incorporated, 2022.
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George, Anne, Sabu Thomas, Merin Sara Thomas, and Józef T. Haponiuk. Advanced Microscopy: A Strong Analytical Tool in Materials Science. Apple Academic Press, Incorporated, 2022.
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George, Anne, Sabu Thomas, Merin Sara Thomas, and Józef T. Haponiuk. Advanced Microscopy: A Strong Analytical Tool in Materials Science. Apple Academic Press, Incorporated, 2022.
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George, Anne, Sabu Thomas, Merin Sara Thomas, and Józef T. Haponiuk. Advanced Microscopy: A Strong Analytical Tool in Materials Science. Apple Academic Press, Incorporated, 2022.
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11
Alksne, J. F., F. Blackstad, F. Walberg, and L. E. Jr White. Electron Microscopy of Axon Degeneration: A Valuable Tool in Experimental Neuroanatomy. Springer London, Limited, 2013.
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12
Krishnan, Kannan M. Principles of Materials Characterization and Metrology. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830252.001.0001.
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Characterization enables a microscopic understanding of the fundamental properties of materials (Science) to predict their macroscopic behavior (Engineering). With this focus, the book presents a comprehensive discussion of the principles of materials characterization and metrology. Characterization techniques are introduced through elementary concepts of bonding, electronic structure of molecules and solids, and the arrangement of atoms in crystals. Then, the range of electrons, photons, ions, neutrons and scanning probes, used in characterization, including their generation and related beam-solid interactions that determine or limit their use, are presented. This is followed by ion-scattering methods, optics, optical diffraction, microscopy, and ellipsometry. Generalization of Fraunhofer diffraction to scattering by a three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in crystals, leads to X-ray, electron, and neutron diffraction methods, both from surfaces and the bulk. Discussion of transmission and analytical electron microscopy, including recent developments, is followed by chapters on scanning electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopies. It concludes with elaborate tables to provide a convenient and easily accessible way of summarizing the key points, features, and inter-relatedness of the different spectroscopy, diffraction, and imaging techniques presented throughout. The book uniquely combines a discussion of the physical principles and practical application of these characterization techniques to explain and illustrate the fundamental properties of a wide range of materials in a tool-based approach. Based on forty years of teaching and research, and including worked examples, test your knowledge questions, and exercises, the target readership of the book is wide, for it is expected to appeal to the teaching of undergraduate and graduate students, and to post-docs, in multiple disciplines of science, engineering, biology and art conservation, and to professionals in industry.
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Parker, Philip M. The World Market for Machine Tools That Remove Material by Laser or Light, Photon, Ultrasonic, Electro-Discharge, Electro-Chemical, or Electron Beam: A 2007 Global Trade Perspective. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.
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The World Market for Machine Tools That Remove Material by Laser or Light, Photon, Ultrasonic, Electro-Discharge, Electro-Chemical, or Electron Beam: A 2004 Global Trade Perspective. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.
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15
Doucas, George. Smith-Purcell Radiation. Oxford University PressOxford, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780198951360.001.0001.
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Abstract Smith–Purcell radiation is the name given to the radiation produced when a charged particle beam, usually electrons, passes close to the surface of a metallic grating. The wavelength of the emitted radiation depends on the period of the grating and on the angle of observation. This makes this phenomenon a very useful tuneable source of radiation in the far-infrared (or THz) part of the spectrum, where tuneable sources are scarce. Moreover, a spectral analysis of the radiation can be used to reconstruct the time profile of the very short (picosecond or sub-picosecond) electron bunches that gave rise to this radiation. This is a parameter that is of interest to accelerator designers and users. The book is aimed primarily at experimentalists but starts with a relatively simple theoretical description of the origin of this radiation and then discusses its application either as a beam diagnostic tool or as a tuneable source of THz radiation. There is also a brief overview of other THz sources in order to allow the reader to assess the advantages of Smith–Purcell radiation.
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Montgomery, Erwin B. Algorithm for Selecting Electrode Configurations and Stimulation Parameters. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259600.003.0014.
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Chapter 9, Approaches to Programming, provided a general discussion regarding the approaches to DBS programming. The focus of Chapter 9 was on the underlying electroneurophysiological principles rather an explicit algorithm that addressed every possible circumstance. Chapters 11, Chapter 12, and Chapter 13 discussed approaches in the context of specific DBS targets. These approaches emphasized interpreting the DBS responses to visualize the location of the DBS contacts in the unique regional anatomy of the individual patient. For example, the production of paresthesias at stimulation currents insufficient to produce clinical benefit with DBS in the vicinity of the STN indicates that the DBS lead position is probably too posterior. This chapter gives an algorithm that takes the programmer step by step through the process of positioning DBS leads and contacts, and determining stimulation levels for optimal results.
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The World Market for Machine Tools Operated by Electro-Chemical, Electron-Beam, Ionic-Beam, or Plasma Arc Process: A 2004 Global Trade Perspective. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.
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Parker, Philip M. The World Market for Machine Tools Operated by Electro-Chemical, Electron-Beam, Ionic-Beam, or Plasma Arc Process: A 2007 Global Trade Perspective. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.
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Lithic Residue Analysis: A Review and Guide to Techniques. British Archaeological Reports Limited, 2021.
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20
Ilmoniemi, Risto J., and Jari Karhu. TMS and electroencephalography: methods and current advances. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0037.
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Electroencephalography (EEG) combined with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) provides detailed real-time information about the state of the cortex. EEG requires only two to four electrodes and can be a part of most TMS studies. When used with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based targeting and conductor modelling, the TMS-EEG combination is a sophisticated brain-mapping tool. This article explains the mechanisms of TMS-evoked EEG. It describes the technique of recording TMS evoked EEG and the possible challenges for the same. Furthermore, it describes possible solutions to these challenges. By varying the TMS intensities, interstimulus intervals, induced current direction, and cortical targets, a rich spectrum of functional information can be obtained. Cortical excitability and connectivity can be studied directly by combining TMS with EEG or other brain-imaging methods, not only in motor, but also nonmotor, areas.
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Parker, Philip M. The World Market for Machine Tools Operated by Electro-Discharge Processes: A 2007 Global Trade Perspective. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.
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22
The World Market for Machine Tools Operated by Electro-Discharge Processes: A 2004 Global Trade Perspective. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.
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23
Montgomery, Erwin B. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259600.003.0001.
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Even by the standards at the time of the first edition, programming for some patients can still be a challenge. Even with the old systems, there were literally thousands of possible combinations of stimulator parameters which often intimidates programmers. The increase in functionality, such as multiple stimulation patterns and interleaved electrode configurations, has exponentially increased the number of combinations of DBS settings. Fortunately, most patients respond to a similar and narrow range of combinations, provided that the DBS stimulating leads are optimally placed. For other patients, however, dedicated effort is required to identify the optimal combination. The greatest danger for patients is that programmers will give up too soon. The premise of this text is that post-operative DBS programming can be made more effective and efficient by knowing some basic electrophysiological principles and some details of neuroanatomy.
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Montgomery, Erwin B. Helpful Programming Hints. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259600.003.0015.
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A number of suggestions are offered to make the post-operative care of patients with implanted systems more effective and safe. The choice of constant current versus constant voltage stimulation and the consequences and implications of that choice are reviewed. For example, with constant voltage stimulation, the programmer should wait at least two weeks after lead implantation before programming the IPG. Starting DBS too soon after implantation can cause marked adverse effects because of changes in tissue impedance is high immediately after implantation. The use of a monopolar survery at the initiation of DBS is advocated as are clarification of patient responses, impedance checks, assureing that the range of electrode configurations and stimulation parameters that patients and caregivers can implement are within safety margins, systematic clear and adaquete documentation, resetting counters and indicators, and encouraging the patient keeps the patient controller available at all times. Topics of troubleshooting are reviewed.
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Rathbun, Don. How to Electro Etch Tumblers, Tools, and Knives: Easy to Make Etching Machines and Stencils for Decorating Steel. Alamo Design Group, 2024.
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Lopez-Beltran, Antonio, Rodolfo Montironi, and Liang Cheng. Pathology of renal cancer and other tumours affecting the kidney. Edited by James W. F. Catto. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0085.
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In the past 50 years, classification systems for renal neoplasms have become increasingly complex as distinctive morphologic patterns in renal neoplasms have been recognized and correlated with clinical findings. In addition to classic histopatology, more sophisticated diagnostic tools, including electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, cytogenetics, and molecular diagnostic techniques have greatly influenced distinctions between various types of renal neoplasms. The current World Health Organization classification of renal neoplasms encompasses nearly 50 distinctive renal neoplasms categorized as malignant or benign tumours. These categories have been expanded during recent years to incorporate newer histotypes, thus suggesting that the next revision of this classification will incorporate some recently recognized entities. In this chapter, we examine clinicopathologic and genetic features of the renal tumours most often seen in clinical practice.
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Armstrong, Patrick. Microscopy, Magnification and Modernist Fiction. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350420441.
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Exploring how modernism registered shock experiences of the microscopic and extended vision in prose fiction through the work of four modernist writers – D. H. Lawrence, Marcel Proust, Virginia Woolf, and Samuel Beckett – this book is the first substantial study of the interrelations between microscopy and modernist fiction. Illustrating ways in which optical instruments had the capacity to change, displace and reframe ideas of what the world is like, this book argues that encounters with the microscopic are often depicted as thresholds between the human and the non-human, in ways that reverberate through modernist fiction. Exploring a period of significant developments in microscopical tools and techniques, from the light microscope to the electron microscope, this book traces a shift that reconfigured the limits of the observable.
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Stegeman, Dick F., and Michel J. A. M. Van Putten. Recording of neural signals, neural activation, and signal processing. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688395.003.0005.
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This chapter discusses recording of electrophysiological signals in the context of clinical neurophysiology. We first discuss the interpretation of signals and differences between signals in terms of their underlying (electro)physiology. As a most prominent aspect of applied electrophysiology, the biophysics of volume conduction in extracellular space is discussed. We also present some basics of advanced procedures to analyse neurophysiological data. Aspects of electrical stimulation are treated too, including recent developments in diagnostic and therapeutic constant current stimulation. We finally discuss the background of hazardous electric currents and the safety of bioelectric equipment. Aspects that are relevant in the digitization and post-processing of data are briefly reviewed.
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Zhang, W., C. V. Nielsen, and L. M. Alves. Modeling of Thermo-Electro-Mechanical Manufacturing Processes: Applications in Metal Forming and Resistance Welding. Springer, 2012.
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Vang, R. T., S. Wendt, and F. Besenbacher. Nanocatalysis. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533060.013.12.
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This article discusses nanocatalysis and especially the interrelation between the structure, composition and properties of catalysts. It begins with a review of techniques that have been developed and employed for surface characterization, which can be divided intothree main areas: spectroscopy, diffraction, and microscopy. After describing the nanocharacterization tools, the article considers the theoretical underpinnings of catalysts and catalytic processes. It also examines how detailed atomic-scale insight into elementary surface processes relevant to catalysis can be obtained mainly by means of high-resolution scanning tunnelling microscope studies on single-crystal surfaces. More specifically, it explores the surface structure, adsorption, dissociation and diffusion, and surface chemical reactions of catalysts. The article also looks at the design of new catalysts from first principles and concludes with an assessment of nanocatalysts and transmission electron microscope studies of nanoclusters on high surface area supports.
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Turner, Martin R., Matthew C. Kiernan, and Kevin Talbot. Technical advances in neuroscience. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199658602.003.0001.
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This chapter highlights key technological advances in neuroimaging, the understanding of impulse transmission, and the molecular biology of the nervous system that have underpinned our modern understanding of the brain, mind, and nervous system. Neuroimaging spans the sub-cellular and systems levels of neuroscience, beginning with electron microscopy and then, 50 years later, magnetic resonance imaging and increasingly sophisticated mathematical modelling of brain function. These developments have been interleaved with the improved understanding of neurotransmission, starting with the seminal observations made from giant squid axon recordings, which were translated into clinically useable tools through the application of electric current, and later with magnetic stimulation. It is during the last 50 years that a molecular framework for these concepts emerged, with the cloning of genes that began in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, paving the way for the wider human genome project.
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Vishveshwara, Smitha, and C. V. Vishveshwara. Two Revolutions: Einstein’s Relativity and Quantum Physics. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780191818080.001.0001.
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Abstract “Can you kick apart a black hole?” “What about electrons?” As a child, quantum-physicist Smitha Vishveshwara pondered such questions with her astrophysicist father, C. V. Vishveshwara (Vishu); decades later, their musings grew into a series of letter exchanges in Two Revolutions: Einstein’s Relativity and Quantum Physics. The letters between father and daughter lead the scientifically curious reader through these two remarkable branches of physics that dramatically changed our perception of Nature. From the subatomic to the astronomical realms, they weave a rich tapestry of scientific insight, history, personal anecdotes, philosophy, and wonder. The book traces Einstein’s tenacious journey in formulating the theory of relativity, in which space and time merge, and gravitation warps spacetime, forming the very fabric of the Universe. The book reveals how black holes and gravitational waves emerge as bizarre and awe-inspiring offspring of this theory. In the quantum realm, the book mulls over conundrums posed by wave-particle duality, Schrödinger’s curious cat, the beautiful dance of electrons in atoms, and entanglement. It explores communities of particles acting in marvelous concert in magnetic resonance imaging, superfluids, and more. Fate took unforeseen twists while the book was still in the making. In 2016, after decades of work by numerous researchers, the detection of gravitational waves—Vishu’s lifelong dream—finally came to pass. Emanating from two inspiraling black holes a billion light years away, the waves’ signals even showed hints of Vishu’s pioneering predictions on black hole ringdowns from the 1970s. But soon after that glorious culmination, Vishu fell critically ill. Smitha concludes their story by recreating the euphoria of scientific discovery against the intimate backdrop of life and death.
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Stuewer, Roger H. New Particles. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827870.003.0007.
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In December 1931, Harold Urey discovered deuterium (and its nucleus, the deuteron) by spectroscopically detecting the faint companion lines in the Balmer spectrum of atomic hydrogen that were produced by the heavy hydrogen isotope. In February 1932, James Chadwick, stimulated by the claim of the wife-and-husband team of Irène Curie and Frédéric Joliot that polonium alpha particles cause the emission of energetic gamma rays from beryllium, proved experimentally that not gamma rays but neutrons are emitted, thereby discovering the particle whose existence had been predicted a dozen years earlier by Chadwick’s mentor, Ernest Rutherford. In August 1932, Carl Anderson took a cloud-chamber photograph of a positron traversing a lead plate, unaware that Paul Dirac had predicted the existence of the anti-electron in 1931. These three new particles, the deuteron, neutron, and positron, were immediately incorporated into the experimental and theoretical foundations of nuclear physics.
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de Regt, Henk W. Visualizability and Intelligibility. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190652913.003.0007.
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This chapter investigates the relation between visualizability and intelligibility, by means of an in-depth study of the transition from classical physics to quantum physics in the first decades of the twentieth century. In this development, the issue of visualizability played a central role. After a brief discussion of the visualizability of classical physics, it examines the gradual loss of visualizability in quantum theory, focusing on the work of quantum physicists Niels Bohr, Wolfgang Pauli, Werner Heisenberg, and Erwin Schrödinger. The chapter presents a detailed analysis of the role of visualizability (Anschaulichkeit) in the competition between Schrödinger’s wave mechanics and Heisenberg’s matrix mechanics, and in the discovery of electron spin. The contextual theory of understanding asserts that visualizability is one out of many possible tools for understanding, albeit one that has proved to be very effective in science. This conclusion is supported by an analysis of the role of visualization in postwar quantum physics, especially via Feynman diagrams.
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Hong, M. H. Laser applications in nanotechnology. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533060.013.24.
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This article discusses a variety of laser applications in nanotechnology. The laser has proven to be one of many mature and reliable manufacturing tools, with applications in modern industries, from surface cleaning to thin-film deposition. Laser nanoengineering has several advantages over electron-beam and focused ion beam processing. For example, it is a low-cost, high-speed process in air, vacuum or chemical environments and also has the capability to fulfill flexible integration control. This article considers laser nanotechnology in the following areas: pulsed laser ablation for nanomaterials synthesis; laser nanoprocessing to make nanobumps for disk media nanotribology and anneal ultrashort PN junctions; surface nanopatterning with near-field, and light-enhancement effects; and large-area parallel laser nanopatterning by laser interference lithography and laser irradiation through a microlens array. Based on these applications, the article argues that the laser will continue to be one of the highly potential nanoengineering means in next-generation manufacturing.
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Godfrey, Donald G. Epilogue. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038280.003.0014.
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This epilogue summarizes C. Francis Jenkins' pioneering ideas that have all come to fruition, a testament that he was a man with a vision. Jenkins dreamed of uniting television and motion pictures with his patents and inventions. He saw the potential of television and film as educational and entertaining tools, a visual art of communication with the capability of unifying people and nations. He envisioned cities and individuals being connected by multiple systems and services, as well as television surpassing radio's success in terms of audience. This epilogue also asks speculative and rhetorical questions of alternative history related to Jenkins and his work, for example, what would happen if: Jenkins had been given a stronger management role in the Jenkins Television Corporation and the overall De Forest organization; the Great Depression had not occurred; or the Radio Corporation of America had followed Jenkins' electro-optical scanning theories instead of burying them in favor of Vladmir Zworykin's electronics.
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Butt, Gavin. No Machos or Pop Stars. Duke University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478023234.
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After punk’s arrival in 1976, many art students in the northern English city of Leeds traded their paintbrushes for guitars and synthesizers. In bands ranging from Gang of Four, Soft Cell, and Delta 5 to the Mekons, Scritti Politti, and Fad Gadget, these artists-turned-musicians challenged the limits of what was deemed possible in rock and pop music. Taking avant-garde ideas to the record-buying public, they created Situationist antirock and art punk, penned deconstructed pop ditties about Jacques Derrida, and took the aesthetics of collage and shock to dark, brooding electro-dance music. In No Machos or Pop Stars Gavin Butt tells the fascinating story of the post-punk scene in Leeds, showing how England’s state-funded education policy brought together art students from different social classes to create a fertile ground for musical experimentation. Drawing on extensive interviews with band members, their associates, and teachers, Butt details the groups who wanted to dismantle both art world and music industry hierarchies by making it possible to dance to their art. Their stories reveal the subversive influence of art school in a regional music scene of lasting international significance.
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Heidet, Laurence, Bertrand Knebelmann, and Marie Claire Gubler. Alport syndrome. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0323.
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The diagnosis of Alport syndrome is suspected from the clinical features and confirmed by identifying the almost pathognomonic ultrastructural changes to the basement membrane in a family member with early disease (so that glomeruli are not too sclerosed), or in modern times by identifying a causative mutation in one or more of the three implicated COL4 genes. Genetic testing is becoming simpler and cheaper, but is still out of the reach of many. Eighty-five per cent of cases are caused by COL4A5 mutations and 10–15% by autosomal recessive disease. A significant proportion of morbidity in X-linked disease occurs in female ‘carriers’ heterozygous for the disease. Changes by light microscopy are non-specific, and can be misleading unless accompanied by electron microscopy. Immunohistology can be helpful but may not be definitive as some causative mutations are not associated with absence of protein product. As COL4A5 is expressed in skin, skin studies are theoretically useful, but they are technically challenging and only a definite negative result is helpful. It is important to distinguish other disorders causing renal disease with deafness, and other causes of glomerular haematuria. Two rare syndromes are caused by extended deletions beyond the COL4A5 gene: X-linked Alport syndrome with diffuse oesophageal leiomyomatosis in which smooth muscle leoimyomas is transmitted in a dominant fashion, and X-linked Alport syndrome with mental retardation.
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Ducruix, Arnaud, and Richard Giegé, eds. Crystallization of Nucleic Acids and Proteins. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199636792.001.0001.
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Crystallography is the major method of determining structures of biological macromolecules yet crystallization techniques are still regarded as difficult to perform. This new edition of Crystallization of Nucleic Acids and Proteins: A Practical Approach continues in the vein of the first edition by providing a detailed and rational guide to producing crystals of proteins and nucleic acids of sufficient quantity and quality for diffraction studies. It has been thoroughly updated to include all the major new techniques such as the uses of molecular biology in structural biology (maximizing expression systems, sequence modifications to enable crystallization, and the introduction of anomalous scatterers); diagnostic analysis of prenucleation and nucleation by spectroscopic methods; and the two- dimensional electron crystallography of soluble proteins on planar lipid films. As well as an introduction to crystallogenesis, the other topics covered are: Handling macromolecular solutions, experimental design, seeding, proceeding from solutions to crystals Crystallization in gels Crystallization of nucleic acid complexes and membrane proteins Soaking techniques Preliminary characterization of crystals in order to tell whether they are suitable for diffraction studies. As with all Practical Approach books the protocols have been written by experienced researchers and are tried an tested methods. The underlying theory is brought together with the laboratory protocols to provide researchers with the conceptual and methodological tools necessary to exploit these powerful techniques. Crystallization of Nucleic Acids and Proteins: A Practical Approach 2e will be an invaluable manual of practical crystallization methods to researchers in molecular biology, crystallography, protein engineering, and biological chemistry.
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Pomer, Janice. Elementary Dance Education. Human Kinetics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781718227408.
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Children love to observe, explore, learn, and create. Elementary Dance Education helps them do all four. And it does so in a unique way, shaping its movement activities around nature themes. In fact, all of the learning experiences are based on different aspects of nature, as the text intertwines children’s innate curiosity and observation skills with the processes of scientific inquiry and artistic creation. Elementary Dance Education helps teachers develop the instructional skills they need to incorporate dance into their curricula, providing over 70 movement activities and exercises for students in grades K-6. The activities, which stimulate children’s minds and bodies through the process of collaborative dance creation, include variations for younger and older students. Ideas are offered for partner or small-group explorations, making the activities more inclusive and appropriate for each age group. Another unique feature of this book is the original music accompanying it. Teachers have access to 90 minutes of dynamic sounds, rhythmic percussion, captivating electro-acoustic compositions, and gentle atmospheric selections, delivered through HKPropel, to accompany the learning experiences. The compositions support students’ movement explorations, conveying a range of images and emotions and inspiring a variety of responses. In addition, Elementary Dance Education offers the following: Discussion questions for each exercise, prompting in-class discussion and student exploration; the questions come with sample answers or ideas to encourage student responses and spur a fruitful discussion75 photos and several diagrams to illustrate positions and poses and stimulate ideas for the movement exercisesJournal prompts, tailored for older and younger children, to give students the opportunity to respond and reflect on the learning experiencesVideo links (provided in HKPropel) to help illustrate concepts and exercises, offer examples, or encourage students to watch for something specific in an activity The book’s first chapter introduces the basic elements of dance; the remaining seven chapters offer movement exercises in various areas of nature: plants, animals, water, earth, sky, people, and other wonders. This book is a rich and easy-to-implement resource not only for elementary dance educators and physical educators but for classroom teachers as well. The exercises in this book use a template for movement discovery in which students will observe, explore, create, and share. This template “can be applied to all areas of the curriculum,” says author Janice Pomer. “It’s an invaluable tool for student engagement, satisfying children’s capacity to watch, wonder, move, interact, discover, and share.” Elementary Dance Education will promote children’s creativity and curiosity, engage and challenge their minds and bodies, and help them learn to appreciate and support each other as they work together exploring, creating, and sharing their ideas and insights about the natural world through dance. Note: A code for accessing HKPropel is included with all new print books.
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Kenyon, Ian R. Quantum 20/20. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808350.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This text reviews fundametals and incorporates key themes of quantum physics. One theme contrasts boson condensation and fermion exclusivity. Bose–Einstein condensation is basic to superconductivity, superfluidity and gaseous BEC. Fermion exclusivity leads to compact stars and to atomic structure, and thence to the band structure of metals and semiconductors with applications in material science, modern optics and electronics. A second theme is that a wavefunction at a point, and in particular its phase is unique (ignoring a global phase change). If there are symmetries, conservation laws follow and quantum states which are eigenfunctions of the conserved quantities. By contrast with no particular symmetry topological effects occur such as the Bohm–Aharonov effect: also stable vortex formation in superfluids, superconductors and BEC, all these having quantized circulation of some sort. The quantum Hall effect and quantum spin Hall effect are ab initio topological. A third theme is entanglement: a feature that distinguishes the quantum world from the classical world. This property led Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen to the view that quantum mechanics is an incomplete physical theory. Bell proposed the way that any underlying local hidden variable theory could be, and was experimentally rejected. Powerful tools in quantum optics, including near-term secure communications, rely on entanglement. It was exploited in the the measurement of CP violation in the decay of beauty mesons. A fourth theme is the limitations on measurement precision set by quantum mechanics. These can be circumvented by quantum non-demolition techniques and by squeezing phase space so that the uncertainty is moved to a variable conjugate to that being measured. The boundaries of precision are explored in the measurement of g-2 for the electron, and in the detection of gravitational waves by LIGO; the latter achievement has opened a new window on the Universe. The fifth and last theme is quantum field theory. This is based on local conservation of charges. It reaches its most impressive form in the quantum gauge theories of the strong, electromagnetic and weak interactions, culminating in the discovery of the Higgs. Where particle physics has particles condensed matter has a galaxy of pseudoparticles that exist only in matter and are always in some sense special to particular states of matter. Emergent phenomena in matter are successfully modelled and analysed using quasiparticles and quantum theory. Lessons learned in that way on spontaneous symmetry breaking in superconductivity were the key to constructing a consistent quantum gauge theory of electroweak processes in particle physics.