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Academic literature on the topic 'Électrodes de carbone – Méthodes de simulation'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Électrodes de carbone – Méthodes de simulation"
Fortin, Hugues. "Modélisation du comportement thermo-électro-mécanique de l'anode de carbone utilisée dans la production primaire de l'aluminium." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26702/26702.pdf.
Full textTricoit, Sandy. "Modélisation et simulation numérique de la propagation de la corrosion par piqûres du fer en milieu chloruré : contribution à l'évaluation de la durabilité des aciers au carbone en conditions de stockage géologique." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOS054/document.
Full textThis study deals with the understanding of the mechanisms of pitting corrosion susceptible to occur on carbon steel selected for high level nuclear waste containers. Transport/reaction models have been developed in order to simulate, by finite element method, the propagation of a pit on iron in chlorinated medium. For conservative models, pit is activated by imposing a potential on metal. Thanks to different parametric studies (geometry, environment…) simulations have permitted to classify, by severity order, the factors responsible of the increase or the inhibition of the localized corrosion rate. Otherwise, experiments on occluded (called « lead-in-pencil ») electrodes confirm that confinement favors the formation of a salt film at the bottom of the pit. Finally, the simulation of galvanic coupling between the pit and the surrounding cathodic surface has permitted to describe the realistic evolution of the localized corrosion rate in aerated medium and for free corroding conditions. The analysis of the results from these three ways of investigation has demonstrated that the ohmic drop inside the pit is the most important factor controlling his growing. In most study cases, any increase of this ohmic drop (due to precipitation, confinement or augmentation of the cathodic /anodic surfaces ratio), leads to a faster corrosion rate of the surrounding surface. This phenomenon is called “opening” of the pit. The progression at the pit bottom for a pH-dependant oxidation rate is still to confirm. In order to simulate the long term behavior of iron during pitting, in storage application, new models require a more accurate determination of the environment conditions, dissolution and precipitation laws
Sene, Assane. "Désalinisation de l'eau de mer par des méthodes capacitives." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30100.
Full textRecently, a desalination technique based on porous carbon has been reported, merging together desalination process with electrochemical energy storage. Thanks to this new strategy, an important step forward, respect to other water desalination technologies, has been achieved. The principle is based on the capacitive adsorption of Na+ and Cl- ions in the pores of a porous activated carbon, constituting the active material of an electrochemical double layer capacitor electrode. Differently from conventional EDLC, the active material is made in the present case as slurries flowed through an electrochemical cell to achieve a continuous desalination of seat water; such system has been named Electrochemical Flow Capacitor (ELC). We first studied the different components of the electrochemical cell, from solvent / solute interactions to the structure of the carbons used as electrode materials. These studies were done using a conventional supercapacitor assembly, i.e. a cell in which the two porous carbon electrodes (anode and cathode) are implemented as a film. We characterized a desalinization cell using different type of electrodes using the [FeIII(CN)6]3- / [FeII(CN)6]4- redox couple as an electrochemical probe. Our approach allowed to define a dimensionless number teta, which is proportional to the flow rate and inversely proportional to the potential scan rate, giving a guideline to sort out different operating regimes in the flow cell. Two operating regimes have been evidenced: a permanent regime for teta > 45, allowing for higher and efficient charge adsorption, and a non-permanent domain for teta < 45. Finally, we proceeded to the formulation of carbon suspensions. We studied the rheology and the electrochemical properties of the suspensions according to the composition in order to determine the best suspension composition to use for our cell operating in EFC mode
Despas, Christelle. "Analyse des propriétés de sorption de la silice vis-à-vis des bases et des espèces cationiques par les méthodes diélectriques et électrochimiques." Nancy 1, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1998_0285_DESPAS.pdf.
Full textTillier, Élodie. "Couplage réactions-transport pour la modélisation et la simulation du stockage géologique de CO2." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MARN0359.
Full textBourgeois, Timothée. "Effets des perturbations anthropiques sur la biogéochimie dans l'océan côtier à l'échelle globale." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV015/document.
Full textThe coastal ocean suffers from the convergence of multiple anthropogenic stressors with climate change at the forefront. Combined stresses from global warming, ocean acidification, eutrophication and deoxygenation threaten coastal ecosystems and thus their services that humans rely on. Unfortunately, the coastal ocean's large spatiotemporal heterogeneity limits our understanding of the biogeochemical processes involved and their responses to anthropogenic perturbations. The current database of coastal observations remains insufficient, and global biogeochemical ocean models have long been inadequate to the study of the global coastal ocean. Indeed, the spatial resolution of these models has been too coarse to resolve key small-scale coastal processes. However, continual improvements in computational resources now allow global simulations to be made with sufficiently high model resolution that begins to be suitable for coastal ocean studies. In this thesis, we propose to study the evolution of the coastal ocean biogeochemistry at the global scale over recent decades using higher resolution versions of the global physical-biogeochemical model NEMO-PISCES. After evaluating of the global representation of the coastal biogeochemistry in this ocean model, we estimate the current role of the coastal ocean in the ocean uptake of anthropogenic carbon and we study the impact of the anthropogenically driven changes in riverine inputs on the coastal biogeochemistry. From simulations made at 3 different spatial resolutions (200 km, 50 km, 25 km), we esteem that the 50-km model grid offers the best compromise between quality of results and computational cost. The upgrade to 25 km does not appear to provide significant improvement in model skill of simulating coastal biogeochemical fields. After evaluating the model, we provide an estimate of the coastal-ocean sink of anthropogenic carbon, the first study to do so with a global 3-D model. In our simulation, the coastal zone absorbs only 4.5% of the anthropogenic carbon taken up by the global ocean during 1993-2012, less than the 7.5% proportion of coastal-to-global-ocean surface areas. Coastal uptake is weakened due to a bottleneck in offshore transport, which is inadequate to reduce the mean anthropogenic carbon concentration of coastal waters to the average level found in the open-ocean mixed layer. Finally, the anthropogenic perturbation in riverine delivery of nutrients to the ocean has limited impact on the coastal carbon cycle when integrated across all coastal regions, but locally it can induce sharp biogeochemical contrasts. For example, the North Sea shows minor biogeochemical changes following the moderate local trend in nutrient riverine inputs, which is in dramatic contrast to the East China Sea where extensive deoxygenation and acidification are driven by sharp increases in riverine nutrient inputs
Tang, Xingling. "Contribution à la simulation et à l'expérimentation des nanotubes de carbone avec prise en compte d'incertitudes." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAM0003/document.
Full textCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) as one of the most important nanomaterials today have been demonstrated a combination of exceptional physical, electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties, which have resulted in their great potential of industrial application in many fields. CNTs can be categorized as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The structure of a SWCNT can be viewed as one-atom-thick layer of graphite rolled cylinder. Well understand the property of SWCNTs is fundamental in the exploration of research and applications of CNTs based products.The present research is focus on evaluating the mechanical and electromechanical properties of SWCNTs materials with different material morphology. Under the hierarchical (or bottom-up) ideal, the elastic properties of the individual SWCNTs were studied by using Finite element (FE) method. Effects of the diameter, chirality and length on the elastic moduli of SWCNTs are discussed based on numerical calculations. Furthermore, the ultra-thin SWCNTs film (~200nm) is prepared by spin coating method. The elastic modulus of SWCNT thin film is estimated by nanoidentation test. Its elasto-plastic properties were then determined by FE simulation combined with the statistics constraints of the experimental results. The results showed that the mechanical performance of SWCNTs thin film during indentation can be approximately represented by a bilinear model. The mechanical parameters of SWCNTs thin film obtained by experiment and numerical calculation are : the Young’s modulus E=192.83± 13.922 Gpa, the tangent modulus Et ≈ 42GPa, and the yield stress Oy ≈ 8.4GPa, respectively. The electrostrictive properties of SWCl\lT- based composite (P(VDF-TrFE)/SWCNT) were also investigated by FE method. Numerical results show that the electrostriction of the SWCNT/P(VDP-TrFE) composite is greatly dependent on the volume fraction of SWCNT and the difference of dielectric constant between SWCNT and P (VDP-TrFE) copolymer. In this work, we found that the properties of CNTs obtained either by theory or by experiments involve inevitable uncertainty, and some are relatively large. Therefore, uncertainty analysis for the predicted properties of CNTs becomes necessary with the increasing product performance demands. The application of Reliability-Based Optimization (RBO) method in the process of elasto-plastic behavior estimation for SWCNT thin film indicates that RBO method should be an effective tool to ensure the reliability of experimental and numerical results
Sareni, Bruno. "Méthodes d'optimisation multimodales associées à la modélisation numérique en électromagnétisme." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00139202.
Full textPandiyan, Sudharsan. "Modélisation moléculaire de la perméabilité du CO2 dans les membranes polymères." Chambéry, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CHAMS045.
Full textCarbon dioxide (CO2) separation studies have become a major interest for researchers in the 21st century. In the case of polymer matrices, it is important to examine the relationships between the permeation properties of CO2 and the structural and dynamical features of the polymers. We have selected three fluorinated polyimides (6FDA-6FpDA, 6FDA-6FmDA and 6FDA-DAM) and used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to provide a detailed picture of their CO2 permeation properties at the molecular level. Atomistic models of the three fluorinated polyimides were generated using the well-established hybrid Pivot Monte Carlo (PMC)-MD single-chain sampling technique, and were subsequently simulated using MD on its own. All the models were found to compare well with experimentally-derived properties such as densities, fractional free volumes, d-spacing parameters, solubility parameters, energies and X-ray data. Structures and void-space distributions in the pure matrices were also analysed. A realistic stepwise addition of CO2 was carried out in the pure polymer matrices and an iterative procedure was used to calculate the CO2 model sorption isotherms. In addition, the volume swelling induced by CO2 sorption and the immediate effect of exposure to high concentrations of CO2 on the desorption isotherms were also studied. The void spaces, potential energies and the formation of CO2 clusters were characterized and compared with experimental characterizations. The diffusivity of CO2 as a function of CO2 concentration within the polymer matrices was analysed, and the factors affecting mobility were reported in detail
Emery, Justin. "La ville sous électrodes : de la mesure à l'évaluation de la pollution atmosphérique automobile. : vers une simulation multi-agents du trafic routier en milieu urbain." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOL018/document.
Full textBased on surveys, traffic is constructed from assumptions about the relationship between origins and destinations. In order to rebuild a road traffic wich would be closer to observation and on a wider set of road sections, it appears interesting to use counting data from urban sensors : this is our starting point of view. The insertion of these in-situ dataset in the road traffic measurement provides the opportunity to experience the potential of sensors to estimate Traffic Air Pollution (TAP) levels at the intraurban scale. However, this requires to change the nature of these estimation, here through the construction of a model of multi-agents simulation, in order to extract more information on the road traffic. More generally, this work can be seen as a a knowledge building approach on TAP emisssions which is discussed throughout this work. The implementation of the SCAUP (multi-agent simulation from Urban sensors for traffic air pollution) approach was developped in three stages: 1. Focusing on the quantification of road traffic devices through urban sensors; 2. Proposing a modeling approach for road traffic data simulation ; 3. Using as a reference the national framework used by AASQA to calculate RTA emissions. All is integrated within a technical matrix that forms the spine of the manuscript through three interrelated systems: quantification, modeling and evaluation. This work is part of an experimental approach dedicated to the calculation of TAP emissions based on traffic simulations. Sponsored by the ATMOSF’AIR BOURGOGNE local AASQA, this work could also be used in an operational mode for these organizations in charge of the air quality monitoring. At a time when the big data enters into new questions about the ability of researchers to extract knowledge, we propose a geographical approach that enables to replace the data in the center of an original road traffic simulation approach (data- driven)