Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Électrodes de carbone – Méthodes de simulation'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 21 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Électrodes de carbone – Méthodes de simulation.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Fortin, Hugues. "Modélisation du comportement thermo-électro-mécanique de l'anode de carbone utilisée dans la production primaire de l'aluminium." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26702/26702.pdf.
Full textTricoit, Sandy. "Modélisation et simulation numérique de la propagation de la corrosion par piqûres du fer en milieu chloruré : contribution à l'évaluation de la durabilité des aciers au carbone en conditions de stockage géologique." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOS054/document.
Full textThis study deals with the understanding of the mechanisms of pitting corrosion susceptible to occur on carbon steel selected for high level nuclear waste containers. Transport/reaction models have been developed in order to simulate, by finite element method, the propagation of a pit on iron in chlorinated medium. For conservative models, pit is activated by imposing a potential on metal. Thanks to different parametric studies (geometry, environment…) simulations have permitted to classify, by severity order, the factors responsible of the increase or the inhibition of the localized corrosion rate. Otherwise, experiments on occluded (called « lead-in-pencil ») electrodes confirm that confinement favors the formation of a salt film at the bottom of the pit. Finally, the simulation of galvanic coupling between the pit and the surrounding cathodic surface has permitted to describe the realistic evolution of the localized corrosion rate in aerated medium and for free corroding conditions. The analysis of the results from these three ways of investigation has demonstrated that the ohmic drop inside the pit is the most important factor controlling his growing. In most study cases, any increase of this ohmic drop (due to precipitation, confinement or augmentation of the cathodic /anodic surfaces ratio), leads to a faster corrosion rate of the surrounding surface. This phenomenon is called “opening” of the pit. The progression at the pit bottom for a pH-dependant oxidation rate is still to confirm. In order to simulate the long term behavior of iron during pitting, in storage application, new models require a more accurate determination of the environment conditions, dissolution and precipitation laws
Sene, Assane. "Désalinisation de l'eau de mer par des méthodes capacitives." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30100.
Full textRecently, a desalination technique based on porous carbon has been reported, merging together desalination process with electrochemical energy storage. Thanks to this new strategy, an important step forward, respect to other water desalination technologies, has been achieved. The principle is based on the capacitive adsorption of Na+ and Cl- ions in the pores of a porous activated carbon, constituting the active material of an electrochemical double layer capacitor electrode. Differently from conventional EDLC, the active material is made in the present case as slurries flowed through an electrochemical cell to achieve a continuous desalination of seat water; such system has been named Electrochemical Flow Capacitor (ELC). We first studied the different components of the electrochemical cell, from solvent / solute interactions to the structure of the carbons used as electrode materials. These studies were done using a conventional supercapacitor assembly, i.e. a cell in which the two porous carbon electrodes (anode and cathode) are implemented as a film. We characterized a desalinization cell using different type of electrodes using the [FeIII(CN)6]3- / [FeII(CN)6]4- redox couple as an electrochemical probe. Our approach allowed to define a dimensionless number teta, which is proportional to the flow rate and inversely proportional to the potential scan rate, giving a guideline to sort out different operating regimes in the flow cell. Two operating regimes have been evidenced: a permanent regime for teta > 45, allowing for higher and efficient charge adsorption, and a non-permanent domain for teta < 45. Finally, we proceeded to the formulation of carbon suspensions. We studied the rheology and the electrochemical properties of the suspensions according to the composition in order to determine the best suspension composition to use for our cell operating in EFC mode
Despas, Christelle. "Analyse des propriétés de sorption de la silice vis-à-vis des bases et des espèces cationiques par les méthodes diélectriques et électrochimiques." Nancy 1, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1998_0285_DESPAS.pdf.
Full textTillier, Élodie. "Couplage réactions-transport pour la modélisation et la simulation du stockage géologique de CO2." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MARN0359.
Full textBourgeois, Timothée. "Effets des perturbations anthropiques sur la biogéochimie dans l'océan côtier à l'échelle globale." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV015/document.
Full textThe coastal ocean suffers from the convergence of multiple anthropogenic stressors with climate change at the forefront. Combined stresses from global warming, ocean acidification, eutrophication and deoxygenation threaten coastal ecosystems and thus their services that humans rely on. Unfortunately, the coastal ocean's large spatiotemporal heterogeneity limits our understanding of the biogeochemical processes involved and their responses to anthropogenic perturbations. The current database of coastal observations remains insufficient, and global biogeochemical ocean models have long been inadequate to the study of the global coastal ocean. Indeed, the spatial resolution of these models has been too coarse to resolve key small-scale coastal processes. However, continual improvements in computational resources now allow global simulations to be made with sufficiently high model resolution that begins to be suitable for coastal ocean studies. In this thesis, we propose to study the evolution of the coastal ocean biogeochemistry at the global scale over recent decades using higher resolution versions of the global physical-biogeochemical model NEMO-PISCES. After evaluating of the global representation of the coastal biogeochemistry in this ocean model, we estimate the current role of the coastal ocean in the ocean uptake of anthropogenic carbon and we study the impact of the anthropogenically driven changes in riverine inputs on the coastal biogeochemistry. From simulations made at 3 different spatial resolutions (200 km, 50 km, 25 km), we esteem that the 50-km model grid offers the best compromise between quality of results and computational cost. The upgrade to 25 km does not appear to provide significant improvement in model skill of simulating coastal biogeochemical fields. After evaluating the model, we provide an estimate of the coastal-ocean sink of anthropogenic carbon, the first study to do so with a global 3-D model. In our simulation, the coastal zone absorbs only 4.5% of the anthropogenic carbon taken up by the global ocean during 1993-2012, less than the 7.5% proportion of coastal-to-global-ocean surface areas. Coastal uptake is weakened due to a bottleneck in offshore transport, which is inadequate to reduce the mean anthropogenic carbon concentration of coastal waters to the average level found in the open-ocean mixed layer. Finally, the anthropogenic perturbation in riverine delivery of nutrients to the ocean has limited impact on the coastal carbon cycle when integrated across all coastal regions, but locally it can induce sharp biogeochemical contrasts. For example, the North Sea shows minor biogeochemical changes following the moderate local trend in nutrient riverine inputs, which is in dramatic contrast to the East China Sea where extensive deoxygenation and acidification are driven by sharp increases in riverine nutrient inputs
Tang, Xingling. "Contribution à la simulation et à l'expérimentation des nanotubes de carbone avec prise en compte d'incertitudes." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAM0003/document.
Full textCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) as one of the most important nanomaterials today have been demonstrated a combination of exceptional physical, electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties, which have resulted in their great potential of industrial application in many fields. CNTs can be categorized as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The structure of a SWCNT can be viewed as one-atom-thick layer of graphite rolled cylinder. Well understand the property of SWCNTs is fundamental in the exploration of research and applications of CNTs based products.The present research is focus on evaluating the mechanical and electromechanical properties of SWCNTs materials with different material morphology. Under the hierarchical (or bottom-up) ideal, the elastic properties of the individual SWCNTs were studied by using Finite element (FE) method. Effects of the diameter, chirality and length on the elastic moduli of SWCNTs are discussed based on numerical calculations. Furthermore, the ultra-thin SWCNTs film (~200nm) is prepared by spin coating method. The elastic modulus of SWCNT thin film is estimated by nanoidentation test. Its elasto-plastic properties were then determined by FE simulation combined with the statistics constraints of the experimental results. The results showed that the mechanical performance of SWCNTs thin film during indentation can be approximately represented by a bilinear model. The mechanical parameters of SWCNTs thin film obtained by experiment and numerical calculation are : the Young’s modulus E=192.83± 13.922 Gpa, the tangent modulus Et ≈ 42GPa, and the yield stress Oy ≈ 8.4GPa, respectively. The electrostrictive properties of SWCl\lT- based composite (P(VDF-TrFE)/SWCNT) were also investigated by FE method. Numerical results show that the electrostriction of the SWCNT/P(VDP-TrFE) composite is greatly dependent on the volume fraction of SWCNT and the difference of dielectric constant between SWCNT and P (VDP-TrFE) copolymer. In this work, we found that the properties of CNTs obtained either by theory or by experiments involve inevitable uncertainty, and some are relatively large. Therefore, uncertainty analysis for the predicted properties of CNTs becomes necessary with the increasing product performance demands. The application of Reliability-Based Optimization (RBO) method in the process of elasto-plastic behavior estimation for SWCNT thin film indicates that RBO method should be an effective tool to ensure the reliability of experimental and numerical results
Sareni, Bruno. "Méthodes d'optimisation multimodales associées à la modélisation numérique en électromagnétisme." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00139202.
Full textPandiyan, Sudharsan. "Modélisation moléculaire de la perméabilité du CO2 dans les membranes polymères." Chambéry, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CHAMS045.
Full textCarbon dioxide (CO2) separation studies have become a major interest for researchers in the 21st century. In the case of polymer matrices, it is important to examine the relationships between the permeation properties of CO2 and the structural and dynamical features of the polymers. We have selected three fluorinated polyimides (6FDA-6FpDA, 6FDA-6FmDA and 6FDA-DAM) and used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to provide a detailed picture of their CO2 permeation properties at the molecular level. Atomistic models of the three fluorinated polyimides were generated using the well-established hybrid Pivot Monte Carlo (PMC)-MD single-chain sampling technique, and were subsequently simulated using MD on its own. All the models were found to compare well with experimentally-derived properties such as densities, fractional free volumes, d-spacing parameters, solubility parameters, energies and X-ray data. Structures and void-space distributions in the pure matrices were also analysed. A realistic stepwise addition of CO2 was carried out in the pure polymer matrices and an iterative procedure was used to calculate the CO2 model sorption isotherms. In addition, the volume swelling induced by CO2 sorption and the immediate effect of exposure to high concentrations of CO2 on the desorption isotherms were also studied. The void spaces, potential energies and the formation of CO2 clusters were characterized and compared with experimental characterizations. The diffusivity of CO2 as a function of CO2 concentration within the polymer matrices was analysed, and the factors affecting mobility were reported in detail
Emery, Justin. "La ville sous électrodes : de la mesure à l'évaluation de la pollution atmosphérique automobile. : vers une simulation multi-agents du trafic routier en milieu urbain." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOL018/document.
Full textBased on surveys, traffic is constructed from assumptions about the relationship between origins and destinations. In order to rebuild a road traffic wich would be closer to observation and on a wider set of road sections, it appears interesting to use counting data from urban sensors : this is our starting point of view. The insertion of these in-situ dataset in the road traffic measurement provides the opportunity to experience the potential of sensors to estimate Traffic Air Pollution (TAP) levels at the intraurban scale. However, this requires to change the nature of these estimation, here through the construction of a model of multi-agents simulation, in order to extract more information on the road traffic. More generally, this work can be seen as a a knowledge building approach on TAP emisssions which is discussed throughout this work. The implementation of the SCAUP (multi-agent simulation from Urban sensors for traffic air pollution) approach was developped in three stages: 1. Focusing on the quantification of road traffic devices through urban sensors; 2. Proposing a modeling approach for road traffic data simulation ; 3. Using as a reference the national framework used by AASQA to calculate RTA emissions. All is integrated within a technical matrix that forms the spine of the manuscript through three interrelated systems: quantification, modeling and evaluation. This work is part of an experimental approach dedicated to the calculation of TAP emissions based on traffic simulations. Sponsored by the ATMOSF’AIR BOURGOGNE local AASQA, this work could also be used in an operational mode for these organizations in charge of the air quality monitoring. At a time when the big data enters into new questions about the ability of researchers to extract knowledge, we propose a geographical approach that enables to replace the data in the center of an original road traffic simulation approach (data- driven)
Rihana, Sandy. "Modélisation de l'activité électrique utérine." Compiègne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008COMP1742.
Full textIt is hypothesized that uterine electrical activity is efficiently correlated to the uterine contractions appearance. Once, forceful contractions appear, delivery is near. Therefore, the understanding of the genesis and of the propagation of the uterine electrical activity may provide an efficient tool to diagnosis preterm labour. Moreover, the control of uterine excitability seems to have important therapeutic consequences in controlling preterm labour. Modelling the electrical activity in uterine tissue is an important step for the understanding of physiological uterine contractile mechanisms. It would permit to reconstruct the uterine EMG. This work presents an electrophysiological model of the uterine cell that incorporates ion channel models at the cell level. The dynamical analysis of the uterine cell model allows a better apprehension of the main physiological effects on the cell's reponse. The cellular electrical activity will be integrated in a two dimension model, represented by the reaction diffusion equations, and will serve to the spatio-temporel integration at the uterine level for EMG reconstruction. This model validates some key physiological hypotheses considering uterine excitability and propagation
Albouy, William. "De la contribution de la visco-élasto-plasticité au comportement en fatigue de composites à matrice thermoplastique et thermodurcissable." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00942294.
Full textParagua, Macuri Carlos Alberto. "Conception de capteurs de gaz radiofréquences à base de nanotubes de carbone et imprimés par jet d’encre." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0028/document.
Full textThe gas sensor domain has continued to evolve over the past few decades by moving primarily from a technology based on metal oxides to new nanostructured materials. Indeed, for modern applications in today's world robust sensors with low power consumption, low cost, conformable, sensitive and selective is desirable. In this context, mark-sensitive materials based on carbon nanostructures, as well as new manufacturing technologies (allowing miniaturization and conformability devices) is required. One solution which is currently under consideration is the use of innovative materials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) which exhibit very good electrical and mechanical properties. Their dimensions give us a considerable surface area and hence the possibility of high sensitivity. Their ability to be functionalized with different groups makes them very selective to react with a particular target gas. Amongst the emerging technologies, inkjet printing deposition of a very thin film is currently in use as it remains versatile because of its ease of use. The resolution and printing possibilities on different types of substrate have remains very important assets. A very important aspect that has been considered very less is the modeling of thin film sensing elements. Regarding printed layers solutions containing carbon nanotubes, very few works have been currently listed, and the existing models are quite complex. In this work, modeling of thin layers in the form of patterns printed by inkjet has been studied and experimental verifications and their analyses have been carried out successfully. Specific emphasis has been laid on the layers of solutions containing carbon nanotubes deposited in RF structures for application in the detection of gases
Freire, Brântuas Pedro. "Captage du dioxyde de carbone par des semiclathrate hydrates : Modélisation, expérimentation et dimensionnement d’une unité pilote." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EMSE0691/document.
Full textGas hydrates are a non conventional way of trapping and storing gas molecules trough the crystallization of water under the high pressure and low temperature conditions. Quaternary ammonium salts form hydrates at atmospheric pressure and can also form mixed hydrates in the presence of gas. It’s important to know their thermodynamic properties in order to evaluate their potential applications: one of these applications is the capture of carbon dioxide from flue gas. The semiclathrates studied were made from peralkylamonium salts (TBAB, TBACl, TBAF) and tetrabutyl phosphonium bromide (TBPB) plus several gases: CO2, N2, and CH4. The formation pressure was greatly reduced with regards to the respective gas hydrates. An eNRTL model for determining the activity coefficients of hydrate forming systems with salts has been used. Single and double salts systems were analyzed in the presence of CH4 and the data obtained is in a good agreement with the literature. The TBAB and CH4 semiclathrates system was also investigated with the results being different of those of the literature probably due to a difference on the structure of the semiclathrate. However, the results are promising, and the model gives a good predictionBased on the experimental results, a pilot plant scale process was designed. This new process consists in forming mixed hydrates of TBAB and CO2 in a bubble column. The hydrates are then removed from the column and after expansion, the mixed hydrates transform into TBAB hydrates releasing CO2, which can be returned to the bubble column
Pfister, Marc. "Captage du CO2 en post combustion par procédé de perméation gazeuse." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0020/document.
Full textCO2 Capture and Storage (CCS) is a promising solution to separate CO2 from flue gas, to reduce the CO2 emissions in the atmosphere, and hence to reduce global warming. In CCS, one important constraint is the high additional energy requirement of the different capture processes. That statement is partly explained by the low CO2 fraction in the inlet flue gas and the high output targets in terms of CO2 capture and purity (>90%).Gas permeation across dense membrane can be used in post combustion CO2 capture. Gas permeation in a dense membrane is ruled by a mass transfer mechanism and separation performance in a dense membrane are characterized by component’s effective permeability and selectivity. One of the newest and encouraging type of membrane in terms of separation performance is the facilitated transport membrane. Each particular type of membrane is defined by a specific mass transfer law. The most important difference to the mass transfer behavior in a dense membrane is related to the facilitated transport mechanism and the solution diffusion mechanism and its restrictions and limitations.Permeation flux modelling across a dense membrane is required to perform a post combustion CO2 capture process simulation. A CO2 gas permeation separation process is composed of a two-steps membrane process, one drying step and a compression unit. Simulation on the energy requirement and surface area of the different membrane modules in the global system are useful to determine the benefits of using dense membranes in a post combustion CO2 capture technology
Qin, Xiaowen. "Modeling Study of Pyrolysis of Composite Materials : Application to Wood and Carbon/Epoxy Composite." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ESMA0006.
Full textComposite materials occupy a critical position in industrial applications or more broadly in our daily life. Synthetic composites substitute metallic materials due to their lightweight properties to achieve identical mechanical performance. They are widely used in the fields of energy transportation and storage. Natural composites (wood) are also widely used, especially in construction industry. The disadvantage of these materials involves the disability in maintaining their mechanical characteristics in a fire scenario, and the study of their fire resistance is therefore a major issue. This thesis aims to develop a mathematical model of thermal decomposition of composite materials subjected to different heating conditions. The simulations of different cases of thermal decomposition make it possible to study the interactions among the processes of heat and mass transfer as well as chemical reactions within the solid. The developed 3D model describes the gas transport within the pores of materials at the Darcy scale. Thermal conductivity is formulated in a tensor form allowing the definition of heat transfer in three directions of the domain. For the two types of materials, a multi-step reaction scheme is defined to describe the pyrolysis process. The cone calorimeter tests used to validate the model were carried out under an inert atmosphere (Nitrogen) which makes it possible to eliminate the presence of flame on the material surface as well as the heterogeneous reactions which can occur in the presence of oxygen. Therefore, the defined boundary conditions are quite simple and well-controlled to characterize without considering the unsteady flame. Pyrolysis gasses are assembled into inert gas, therefore, the gas reactions in the pore are neglected and the local thermal equilibrium between the solid and gas phase is assumed. The implementation of this pyrolysis model follows a scale separation process with two types of materials. The different heat and mass transfer processes, as well as chemical reactions, are studied separately to avoid the interactions, then the model is reconstructed to take these interactions into account. The pyrolysis behavior is firstly studied at a "0D" scale to develop the part of chemical reactions. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is used at this scale and related experiments are conducted at different heating rates under an inert atmosphere. At this scale, only the chemical reactions are involved with known kinetics, and the heat and mass transport within the solid can be neglected with homogeneous temperature distribution. The different chemical reactions are described with the Arrhenius-type equation. The kinetic parameters are calculated by the inverse modeling method. The influence of the heating rate on the pyrolysis process is analyzed and 2D simulations are conducted at two heating rates to analyze the evolution of thermal and pressure gradients within the solid. The phenomena of heat and mass transport are considered and studied by bench-scale experiments which are conducted in the cone calorimeter. The corresponding simulations are implemented under two heat flux. The interactions among the heat and mass transport as well as chemical reaction processes are studied by analyzing the local time and length scales to identify what are the dominant phenomena through the whole pyrolysis process
Zhu, Dan. "Modeling terrestrial carbon cycle during the Last Glacial Maximum." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV077.
Full textDuring the repeated glacialinterglacialtransitions, there has been aconsistent and partly abrupt increase of nearly100 ppm in atmospheric CO2, indicating majorredistributions among the carbon reservoirs ofland, ocean and atmosphere. A comprehensiveexplanation of the carbon fluxes associatedwith the transitions is still missing, requiring abetter understanding of the potential carbonstock in terrestrial biosphere during the glacialperiod. In this thesis, I aimed to improve theunderstanding of terrestrial carbon stocks andcarbon cycle during the Last Glacial Maximum(LGM, about 21,000 years ago), through aseries of model developments to improve therepresentation of vegetation dynamics,permafrost soil carbon dynamics, andinteractions between large herbivores andvegetation in the ORCHIDEE-MICT landsurface model.For the first part, I improved theparameterization of vegetation dynamics inORCHIDEE-MICT for the northern mid- tohigh-latitude regions, which was evaluatedagainst present-day observation-based datasetsof land cover, gross primary production, andforest biomass. Significant improvements wereshown for the new model version in thedistribution of plant functional types (PFTs),including a more realistic simulation of thenorthern tree limit and of the distribution ofevergreen and deciduous conifers in the borealzone. The revised model was then applied tosimulate vegetation distribution during theLGM, showing a general agreement with thepoint-scale reconstructions based on pollen andplant macrofossil data.Among permafrost (perennially frozen) soils,the thick, ice-rich and organic-rich siltysediments called yedoma deposits hold largequantities of organic carbon, which areremnants of late-Pleistocene carbonaccumulated under glacial climates. In order tosimulate the buildup of the thick frozen carbonin yedoma deposits, I implemented asedimentation parameterization in the soilcarbon module of ORCHIDEE-MICT. Theinclusion of sedimentation allowed the modelto reproduce the vertical distribution of carbonobserved at the yedoma sites, leading toseveral-fold increase in total carbon. Simulatedpermafrost soil carbon stock during the LGMwas ~1550 PgC, among which 390~446 PgCwithin today’s known yedoma region (1.3million km2). This result was still anunderestimation since the potentially largerarea of yedoma during the LGM than todaywas not yet taken into account.For the third part, in light of the growingevidence on the ecological impacts of largeanimals, and the potential role of megaherbivoresas a driving force that maintainedthe steppe ecosystems during the glacialperiods, I incorporated a dynamic grazingmodel in ORCHIDEE-MICT, based onphysiological equations for energy intake andexpenditure, reproduction rate, and mortalityrate for wild large grazers. The model showedreasonable results of today’s grazer biomasscompared to empirical data in protected areas,and was able to produce an extensive biomewith a dominant vegetation of grass and asubstantial distribution of large grazers duringthe LGM. The effects of large grazers onvegetation and carbon cycle were discussed,including reducing tree cover, enhancinggrassland productivity, and increasing theturnover rate of vegetation living biomass.Lastly, I presented a preliminary estimation ofpotential LGM permafrost carbon stock, afteraccounting for the effects of large grazers, aswell as extrapolations for the spatial extent ofyedoma-like thick sediments based on climaticand topographic features that are similar to theknown yedoma region. Since these results werederived under LGM climate and constantsedimentation rate, a more realistic simulationwould need to consider transient climate duringthe last glacial period and sedimentation ratevariations in the next step
Venturin, Agustina. "Calcination d’oxalates mixtes U-Ce : Evolution des caractéristiques des poudres et cinétique de décomposition." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMSE0776.
Full textNuclear fuel recycling process includes production of mixed oxide powder as (U,Pu)O₂. One of the most common processes actually investigated to get this kind of powder involves a calcination step of mixed oxalate which decomposes in oxide products. Physical and chemical powder characteristics during oxalate heat treatment (taking place before pellet shaping step) need a special attention. In fact, powder properties can affect directly their sintering and compaction abilities.The aim of this work deals with the powder characteristics evolution and the decomposition kinetics of steps having an effect on them, during U-Ce mixed oxalate calcination (surrogate system of U-Pu couple).A detailed experimental study of morphological and textural characteristics, especially specific surface area, has been carried out. The results have enabled to achieve a textural evolution pattern during different steps of oxalate decomposition. Moreover, carbon content variations through heat treatment process have been studied. This experimental route point out the most interesting decomposition steps impacting powder characteristics during calcination.Finally, a kinetic study of these decomposition steps has been performed. This exercise led to suitable kinetic models describing physical and chemical phenomena taking place during oxalate thermal decomposition process
Pacini-Petitjean, Claire. "Réactivité des hydrocarbures en réponse à une injection de CO2/O2 dans des conditions de réservoirs pétroliers déplétés : modélisations expérimentale et numérique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0020/document.
Full textThe geological storage of CO2 (CO2 Capture-Storage – CCS) and the Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) by CO2 injection into petroleum reservoirs could limit CO2 atmospheric accumulation. However, CO2 can be associated with oxygen. To predict the hydrocarbon evolution under these conditions involves the study of oxidation mechanisms. Oxidation experiment and kinetic detailed modeling were carried out with pure compounds. The comparison between experimental and modeling results led to the construction of a hydrocarbon oxidation kinetic model and emphasized the parameters leading to auto ignition. The good agreement between our experiments and modeling are promising for the development of a tool predicting the critical temperature leading to auto-ignition and the evolution of hydrocarbon composition, to estimate the stability of a petroleum system in CO2 injection context
Charif, Omar. "Modelling and simulating individual's mobility : case study of Luxembourg and its greater region." Thesis, Compiègne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013COMP2130.
Full textIn the last century, transport and in particular the use of private cars has emerged as a major source of CO2 emissions (second behinf energy production). Several cities in the world have put in place strategies to deal with this problem and to reduce its adverse enviromental impacts. Some strategies could not achieve their objectives, and had negative reactions from individuals. The ail of this PhD thesis is to propose a methodology and a platform for modelling and simulating people mobility systems. The developed plat form is, then, used to implement land use and transportation scenarios and strategies in a virtual world to study their impact on human behavior in terms of mobility. To develop this platform, we propose a hybrid model, combining cellular automata and multi-agent systems, capable of handling the complexity of the mobility system able to present it at various spatial ans temporal scales
Isbasoiu, Ancuta. "Analyse multicritère des politiques publiques environnementales dans l'Union Européenne." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA019/document.
Full textThe European Union has an ambitious agenda to deal with the effects of climate change, the European institutions must now take environment into account within the framework of its policies. The objective of my thesis is to evaluate the impacts of European public policies on agriculture and environment, to measure their crossed effects and to assess the potential for a better coordination of these policies. The thesis aims to enrich the economic analysis on important issues refocused on the reduction of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions in the EU and the level of agricultural production, from a quantitative perspective. The methodology is based on a mathematical programming model that simulates the European agricultural supply (AROPAj), using data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network. The analysis is carried out at several levels, European, national, regional and sub-regional, taking into account the variability of the economic context that characterizes the European agriculture over the six years 2007-2012. We first assess how agriculture may contribute to the mitigation of EU GHG emissions and provide a detailed analysis of marginal abatement cost curves. The results show that, on average, over the period 2007-2012, EU agriculture may reduce its emissions by around 10%, 20% and 30%, respectively for emission prices of 38, 112.5 and 205 EUR/tCO2eq. We show that agriculture may offer substantial mitigation and that mitigation costs and potential vary in time and in space. The second issue studied concerns the compatibility between the increase in agricultural production and the reduction of the impact of agriculture on the environment. By introducing a primal approach (via a carbon price) and a dual approach (via a calorie target), we show that we can reduce GHG emissions and change agricultural supply while increasing the quantity of food calories. We extend the issue of GHG emissions by separating the prices of the two gases (CH4 et N2O). A differentiated price system allows to better adapt the climate regulation policy according to the time horizon on which we are projected, offering flexibility in reducing the emission abatement costs