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Journal articles on the topic 'Electrodes, Palladium'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

HOSSEINI, M. G., M. M. MOMENI, and H. KHALILPUR. "SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PALLADIUM NANOPARTICLES IMMOBILIZED ON TiO2 NANOTUBES AS A NEW HIGH ACTIVE ELECTRODE FOR METHANOL ELECTRO-OXIDATION." International Journal of Nanoscience 11, no. 02 (April 2012): 1250016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x12500160.

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Self-organized TiO2 nanotubes/titanium substrate modified with palladium nanoparticles ( Pd/TiO2/Ti electrodes) were prepared by a two-step process consisting of anodizing of titanium plate followed by electroless plating of palladium on resulted TiO2 nanotubes. The morphology and surface analysis of Pd/TiO2/Ti electrodes were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), respectively. The results indicated that palladium nanoparticles were homogeneously deposited on the surface of TiO2 nanotubes. The electro-catalytic activity of Pd/TiO2/Ti electrodes in the methanol electro-oxidation was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. The results indicate that Pd/TiO2/Ti electrode improve the electro-catalytic activity for methanol oxidation greatly and confirmed the better electro-catalytic activity and stability of these new electrodes. So, the Pd/TiO2/Ti electrodes have a good application potential to fuel cells.

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2

Kaur, Rupan Preet, Ravinder Singh Sawhney, and Derick Engles. "Augmenting Molecular Junctions with Different Transition Metal Contacts." Journal of Multiscale Modelling 05, no. 02 (June 2013): 1350009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1756973713500091.

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In this research paper, the effect of the material of electrodes at the nanometer scale was elucidated towards measuring the electron transport properties of a single molecular junction comprising of anthracenedithiol molecule (ADT) stringed to two semi-infinite metallic electrodes using Extended Huckle Theory (EHT)-based semi-empirical modelling approach. The electron transport parameters i.e., I–V curves, Conductance-Voltage curves and transmission spectrum were investigated through ADT molecule by buffering it between different electrodes composed of rhodium, palladium, nickel and copper, all from transition metals series, under finite bias voltages within Keldysh's non equilibrium green function formulism (NEGF). The simulated results revealed that the copper electrodes showed maximum conduction whereas palladium showed least. The maximum conductance of 0.82 G0 and 43 μA current was exhibited by copper and thus affirmed to be the most effective electrode at nanometre scale when compared with other electrodes viz. nickel, rhodium and palladium.

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3

Chawla, Neha, Amir Chamaani, Meer Safa, Marcus Herndon, and Bilal El-Zahab. "Mechanism of Ionic Impedance Growth for Palladium-Containing CNT Electrodes in Lithium-Oxygen Battery Electrodes and its Contribution to Battery Failure." Batteries 5, no. 1 (January 23, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries5010015.

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The electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and on CNT (carbon nanotube) cathode with a palladium catalyst, palladium-coated CNT (PC-CNT), and palladium-filled CNT (PF-CNT) are assessed in an ether-based electrolyte solution in order to fabricate a lithium-oxygen battery with high specific energy. The electrochemical properties of the CNT cathodes were studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Palladium-filled cathodes displayed better performance as compared to the palladium-coated ones due to the shielding of the catalysts. The mechanism of the improvement was associated to the reduction of the rate of resistances growth in the batteries, especially the ionic resistances in the electrolyte and electrodes. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and spectroscopy were used to analyze the products of the reaction that were adsorbed on the electrode surface of the battery, which was fabricated using palladium-coated and palladium-filled CNTs as cathodes and an ether-based electrolyte.

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4

Park, Jung Eun, Seung Kyu Yang, Ji Hyun Kim, Mi-Jung Park, and Eun Sil Lee. "Electrocatalytic Activity of Pd/Ir/Sn/Ta/TiO2 Composite Electrodes." Energies 11, no. 12 (November 30, 2018): 3356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123356.

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This study compared the electrolytic refining process using different commercial Pd-based electrodes. The Pd-based electrode had an Ir:Sn molar ratio of 1:1 and contained 10% tantalum on a titanium substrate. The palladium weight ratio varied from 0 g to 1.8 g, 4.7 g, 8.6 g, and 15.4 g. Electrolytic refining was investigated for the Pd-based electrode in 3 M of H2SO4. The interfacial microstructure and components of the substrate were investigated using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and the electrochemical properties of the materials were measured using cyclic voltammetry, linear scan voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and accelerated life tests. Of all the tested Pd-based electrodes, those with a palladium loading weight of 8.6 g showed the highest and most stable electrode activity at 3 M of H2SO4, with a capacitance retention of 96% of its initial value. The accelerated life test results for the 8.6 g Pd-Ir-Sn-Ta/TiO2 electrode showed a gradual slope with an efficiency of almost 100% at 1000 h in an aqueous solution of 3 M of H2SO4. After the test, the dissolved elements that caused resistance in the electrolyte increased with increasing palladium loading content. Thus, the 8.6 g Pd-Ir-Sn-Ta/TiO2 electrode demonstrated the optimum composition in 3 M of H2SO4 for electrolyte refining.

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5

Xu, Ming Li, and Guo Tao Yang. "Electrooxidation for Methanol on Pd Nanoparticles Modified Electrodes in Alkaline Medium." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.431.

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In this paper, Palladium nanoparticles were electrodeposited on the surface of glassy carbon electrodes by more circles cyclic voltammetry method and Palladium nanoparticles modified electrode (Pd/GCE) was obtained. Morphology and crystal structure of nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The performance and electrochemical process of catalytic oxidation methanol were measured and analyzed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometric curves (i-t) and alternating current impedance spectra (AC impedance) in KOH solution. The results showed that catalytic activity of Pd nanoparticles modified electrode for methanol was over 30 times higher than that of the plate Pd electrode, and catalytic performance was good. In addition, the catalytic oxidation was mainly diffusion-controlled process.

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6

Harvey, Steven, Sandrine Ricote, David Diercks, Chun-Sheng Jiang, Neil Patki, Anthony Manerbino, Brian Gorman, and Mowafak Al-Jassim. "Evolution of Copper Electrodes Fabricated by Electroless Plating on BaZr0.7Ce0.2Y0.1O3-δ Proton-Conducting Ceramic Membrane: From Deposition to Testing in Methane." Ceramics 1, no. 2 (October 2, 2018): 261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ceramics1020021.

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We investigated copper electrodes deposited onto a BaZr0.7Ce0.2Y0.1O3-δ (BZCY72) proton-conducting membrane via a novel electroless plating method, which resulted in significantly improved performance when compared to a traditional painted copper electrode. The increased performance was examined with a multiscale multitechnique characterization method including time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning spreading-resistance microscopy (SSRM), and atom-probe tomography (APT). Through this method, we observed that a palladium catalyst layer alloys with the copper electrode. We also explored the nature of a non-coking-induced carbon-rich phase that may be involved with the improved performance of the electrode.

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7

Lebedeva, Marina Vladimirovna, Alexey Petrovich Antropov, Alexander Victorovich Ragutkin, and Nicolay Andreevich Yashtulov. "NANOELECTROCATALYSTS BASED PALLADIUM FOR FUEL CELLS WITH DIRECT OXIDATION OF FORMIC ACID." Computational nanotechnology 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2313-223x-2019-6-3-104-107.

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In paper electrode materials with palladium nanoparticles on polymer matrix substrates for energy sources have been formed. Nanocomposites were investigated by atomic force and scanning electron microscopy. The catalytic activity of formed electrodes in the formic acid oxidation reaction was evaluated by voltammetry method.

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8

Careta, Oriol, Asier Salicio-Paz, Eva Pellicer, Elena Ibáñez, Jordina Fornell, Eva García-Lecina, Jordi Sort, and Carme Nogués. "Electroless Palladium-Coated Polymer Scaffolds for Electrical Stimulation of Osteoblast-Like Saos-2 Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020528.

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Three-dimensional porous scaffolds offer some advantages over conventional treatments for bone tissue engineering. Amongst all non-bioresorbable scaffolds, biocompatible metallic scaffolds are preferred over ceramic and polymeric scaffolds, as they can be used as electrodes with different electric field intensities (or voltages) for electric stimulation (ES). In the present work we have used a palladium-coated polymeric scaffold, generated by electroless deposition, as a bipolar electrode to electrically stimulate human osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells. Cells grown on palladium-coated polyurethane foams under ES presented higher proliferation than cells grown on foams without ES for up to 14 days. In addition, cells grown in both conditions were well adhered, with a flat appearance and a typical actin cytoskeleton distribution. However, after 28 days in culture, cells without ES were filling the entire structure, while cells under ES appeared rounded and not well adhered, a sign of cell death onset. Regarding osteoblast differentiation, ES seems to enhance the expression of early expressed genes. The results suggest that palladium-coated polyurethane foams may be good candidates for osteoblast scaffolds and demonstrate that ES enhances osteoblast proliferation up to 14 days and upregulate expression genes related to extracellular matrix formation.

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9

Careta, Oriol, Asier Salicio-Paz, Eva Pellicer, Elena Ibáñez, Jordina Fornell, Eva García-Lecina, Jordi Sort, and Carme Nogués. "Electroless Palladium-Coated Polymer Scaffolds for Electrical Stimulation of Osteoblast-Like Saos-2 Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020528.

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Three-dimensional porous scaffolds offer some advantages over conventional treatments for bone tissue engineering. Amongst all non-bioresorbable scaffolds, biocompatible metallic scaffolds are preferred over ceramic and polymeric scaffolds, as they can be used as electrodes with different electric field intensities (or voltages) for electric stimulation (ES). In the present work we have used a palladium-coated polymeric scaffold, generated by electroless deposition, as a bipolar electrode to electrically stimulate human osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells. Cells grown on palladium-coated polyurethane foams under ES presented higher proliferation than cells grown on foams without ES for up to 14 days. In addition, cells grown in both conditions were well adhered, with a flat appearance and a typical actin cytoskeleton distribution. However, after 28 days in culture, cells without ES were filling the entire structure, while cells under ES appeared rounded and not well adhered, a sign of cell death onset. Regarding osteoblast differentiation, ES seems to enhance the expression of early expressed genes. The results suggest that palladium-coated polyurethane foams may be good candidates for osteoblast scaffolds and demonstrate that ES enhances osteoblast proliferation up to 14 days and upregulate expression genes related to extracellular matrix formation.

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10

Yong, P., I. P. Mikheenko, K. Deplanche, F. Sargent, and Lynne E. Macaskie. "Biorecovery of Precious Metals from Wastes and Conversion into Fuel Cell Catalyst for Electricity Production." Advanced Materials Research 71-73 (May 2009): 729–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.71-73.729.

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Bio-manufacturing of nano-scale palladium was achieved using bacterial cells. Highly active Pd-catalyst (Bio-Pd) produced by an E. coli mutant gave power output in a fuel cell. Up to ~115% of the maximum power generation was achieved by electrodes of Bio-Pd catalysts from Escherichia coli, compared to that from a commercial-Pd electrode (~0.099 W). A bio-precious-metals (Bio-PM) catalyst made directly from an industrial reprocessing solution by the E. coli was also made into fuel cell electrodes and ~0.06W of maximum power generation was observed.

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11

Chang, Shuai, Suman Sen, Peiming Zhang, Brett Gyarfas, Brian Ashcroft, Steven Lefkowitz, Hongbo Peng, and Stuart Lindsay. "Palladium electrodes for molecular tunnel junctions." Nanotechnology 23, no. 42 (October 4, 2012): 425202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/23/42/425202.

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12

Lobo, Rui, Jorge Ribeiro, and Filipe Inok. "Hydrogen Uptake and Release in Carbon Nanotube Electrocatalysts." Nanomaterials 11, no. 4 (April 10, 2021): 975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11040975.

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The recent technique of molecular beam-thermal desorption spectrometry was used here for monitoring hydrogen uptake and release from carbon nanotube networks, after electrochemical hydrogen uptake. This way, an accurate determination of the hydrogen mass absorbed in electrodes made from those assemblies can be achieved by significantly improving the signal-to-noise ratio. The hydrogen desorption mass spectra account for the enhanced surface capability for hydrogen adsorption in the electrodes and enable a comparison with the performance of a palladium electrode in similar conditions. A comparative study involving different carbon nanotube electrodes, in similar hydrogen uptake/desorption conditions, clearly confirmed the expectations about their enhanced hydrogen storage capacity and points to the great potential of carbon nanotube assemblies in replacing the heavier metal alloys as electrocatalysts.

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13

Fedorovich, V., S. D. Varfolomeev, A. Sizov, and I. Goryanin. "Multi-electrode microbial fuel cell with horizontal liquid flow." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 2 (July 1, 2009): 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.139.

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A plug flow multi-electrode bioelectrochemical reactor for wastewater treatment and simultaneous generation of electricity has been developed and its efficiency investigated. It employs a horizontally located anodic zone in which the anodic electrodes comprise porous graphite plates coated with palladium. The aerated immersed cathodic electrodes contain iron(II) phthalocyanine as a catalyst. The parameters of the device were obtained using glycerol and acetate as fuels and anaerobic sludge as an inoculum. The maximal volumetric power and current densities obtained, relative to the total volume of the anodic zone, were: glycerol: 73±1 mA/L; 43±1 mW/L; acetate: 75±1 mA/L; 40±1 mW/L. It was shown that biotransformation of glycerol into volatile fatty acids does not depend on the presence of anodic electrodes in the reaction zone, while acetate degradation takes place only if the reaction zone contains anodic electrodes as a final electron acceptor.

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14

Hu, X., H. Ge, B. H. Li, and Z. R. Sun. "Preparation and Characterization of Codeposited Palladium-Nickel/Titanium Electrodes and Palladium-Nickel/Polymeric Pyrrole Film/Titanium Electrodes." Chemical Engineering & Technology 31, no. 10 (October 2008): 1396–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.200800143.

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15

Costa, M. I. C. F., J. R. Steter, F. L. S. Purgato, and J. R. Romero. "Catalytic Reduction of Noble Metal Salts by Sodium Hypophosphite Promoted by the Film Poly-(p-Allyl Ether Benzenesulfonic Acid)." ISRN Organic Chemistry 2011 (April 11, 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/759817.

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Glassy carbon electrodes were coated with the film poly-(p-allyl ether benzenesulfonic acid) by an anodic procedure. Nickel, platinum, and palladium ions were introduced into the film by ion exchange of H+ with the corresponding salts. These ions were catalytically reduced to their corresponding metals using the known electroless reducing agent sodium hypophosphite. Scanning electron microcopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were carried out to demonstrate the occurrence of the catalytic process. To compare this method with another one carried out in our laboratory, the electrocatalytic reduction of H+ was studied using the same modified electrodes. A suggested mechanism for the catalysis is proposed.

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16

Zhu, Zi Cai, Hua Ling Chen, Bo Li, and Yong Quan Wang. "Characteristics and Elastic Modulus Evaluation of Pd-Nafion Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 1590–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.1590.

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Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) show great potential in a large variety of engineering fields as actuator materials. They mainly consist of electrodes and ionic polymer as the substrate material. Many metal materials can be used as the electrode material of IPMCs. In this paper palladium was adopted to get a compromise between the cost and the stability, and Pd-Nafion IPMC was fabricated by chemical plating as test sample. Preliminary experiments were accomplished with satisfactory result using a suit of self-made measurement setup. The results showed that palladium was a good electrode material. Although some previous work has investigated on the elastic modulus of IPMCs by tensile test, a simple method based on the cantilever beam theory to estimate the modulus is still proposed here, which does not need a tensile testing machine. By the method we got that the elastic modulus of the sample is 362.35MPa.

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17

Casella, Innocenzo G., and Michela Contursi. "Characterization of bismuth adatom-modified palladium electrodes." Electrochimica Acta 52, no. 2 (October 2006): 649–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2006.05.048.

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18

Frydrychewicz, Anna, Sergey Yu Vassiliev, Galina A. Tsirlina, and Krystyna Jackowska. "Reticulated vitreous carbon–polyaniline–palladium composite electrodes." Electrochimica Acta 50, no. 9 (March 2005): 1885–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2004.08.041.

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19

Yang, Yong Sheng, and Feng Zhao. "Promoting Effect of Chemical Self-Assembled Polyaniline Nanofibers and Electro-Polymerized Polyaniline in Formic Acid Electro-Oxidizing Reaction." Materials Science Forum 852 (April 2016): 646–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.852.646.

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In order to enhance catalytic properties of palladium or gold/palladium alloy on polyaniline surface, highly pure PANI nanofibers doped with phosphoric acid were synthesized via chemical self-assembled method. Its general morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy analysis. The deposition of palladium or gold/palladium alloy on PANI nanofibers was accomplished through reducing reaction of PdCl2 or PdCl2/HAuCl4 in aqueous solution by NaBH4. Pd/PANI nanofibers or Au/Pd/PANI nanofibers have been evaluated for catalytic activity toward formic acid oxidation reaction. Palladium/PANI nanofibers or palladium/gold/PANI nanofibers on glass carbon electrodes exhibit effective electro-catalytic activity since the PANI nanofibers play excellent promoting role.

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20

Inokuma, T., Yoshiaki Taketa, and Miyoshi Haradome. "Preparation and Properties of a New Thick Film System." Active and Passive Electronic Components 12, no. 2 (1986): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1986/80627.

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Work has been carried out to develop a new ruthenium oxide based thick film resistor whose resistance is independent of the contact area of the conductor to the resistor. Such a resistor can then be combined with a low cost silver conductor.It has been found that such a resistor can be made by doping a ruthenium oxide based thick film resistor with up to several percent of gold. With such a material it is possible to use silver or palladium silver (containing only very small amounts of palladium) as an electrode material and very few interactions have been found to occur between the resistor and electrode. Such a gold doped ruthenium oxide thick film resistor using silver electrodes has some major advantages as follows:-1. The resistor size can be made much smaller than normal.2. The design of a thick film hybrid circuit becomes easier.3. The resistor cost can be reduced.

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21

Murr, L. E. "The role of the electron microscope in the cold fusion controversy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 614–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100087380.

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More than two years ago, thousands of scientists around the world raced to confirm the claims of electrochemically induced fusions especially in the palladium/deuterium system. Interestingly enough, it was also claimed during the 1920's that ordinary hydrogen absorbed in palladium fuses to form helium.The author has recently argued that a significant feature of the controversy involving palladium electrodes in electrochemical systems where either hydrogen or deuterium absorption is crucial, probably depends strongly on the palladium microstructure. indeed there is no compelling evidence that has involved a systematic evaluation of the palladium metallurgy or specific microstructural alterations which may have been correlated with heat generation or other fusion-related phenomena.

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22

Ivandini, Tribidasari A., Muhammad S. P. Luhur, Munawar Khalil, and Yasuaki Einaga. "Modification of boron-doped diamond electrodes with gold–palladium nanoparticles for an oxygen sensor." Analyst 146, no. 9 (2021): 2842–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0an02414g.

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Boron-doped diamond modified with gold–palladium nanoparticles (Au@PdNPs) via allylamine bridges for oxygen sensors. Exposed gold in Au@PdNPs contributed to the attachment process and palladium enhances the responses of the oxygen reduction reaction.

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23

Yamamoto, Roberto K., Mário R. Gongora-Rubio, Rodrigo S. Pessoa, Márcio R. Cunha, and Homero S. Maciel. "Mixed LTCC and LTTT Technology for Microplasma Generator Fabrication." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 6, no. 2 (April 1, 2009): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/1551-4897-6.2.101.

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An issue of paramount importance for the fabrication of microplasma devices is internal structure flatness. To overcome this problem we devised a fabrication method using LTCC (Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic) and LTTT (Low Temperature Transfer Tape) technologies. The flexibility resulting from mixing these technologies could enable fabrication of certain microfluidic applications. In the present work, the fabrication of a microplasma generator using a mixed LTCC and LTTT technology is presented. Silver-palladium electrodes were screen printed on the green tapes and were cofired after machining of microchannels and other structures. Two electrode plates were obtained separately in this way using a setter powder sheet to ensure flatness. In the postfire process, transfer tapes were used to bind the two electrode plates and the electrode spacer together to make the final device structure. Uniform and stable glow discharges were obtained in argon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur hexafluoride gases. Paschen's curves, V-I characteristics, and optical emission spectra were obtained in DC discharges. The fabrication method presented has been demonstrated to be very reproducible and produced very flat electrodes.

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24

de la Vega, Fernando, Eynat Mtzner, Erik Khasin, Aharon Naor, and Asaf Greenshpan. "Development of Nano Metal Powders for Ultra-Low Fire MLC Inner Electrodes." Active and Passive Electronic Components 25, no. 2 (2002): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08827510212342.

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The need to reduce metal content, especially Palladium content in the multi layer ceramic components is driven by two motives. The first is the need to reduce material costs which has become a major issue due to the sharp rise and instability of palladium price. The second motive is the need to build components with ever-growing number of layers, in order to achieve better performance.In this paper, a series of new metal powders, which were developed by NanoPowders Industries (NPI), will be discussed. These powders vary in composition, from pure silver, to silver–palladium, silver–platinum and silver–gold alloys. These powders are of very fine particle size. They open a broad working window for MLC design.The different properties of the powders will be discussed in this paper, including melting and sintering behavior.

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25

Barhoum, Ahmed, Heba H. El-Maghrabi, Amr A. Nada, Syreina Sayegh, Stéphanie Roualdes, Aurélien Renard, Igor Iatsunskyi, Emerson Coy, and Mikhael Bechelany. "Simultaneous hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions using free-standing nitrogen-doped-carbon–Co/CoOx nanofiber electrodes decorated with palladium nanoparticles." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 33 (2021): 17724–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta03704h.

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Free-standing N-CNF–Co/CoOx electrodes were fabricated by electrospinning followed by thermal pyrolysis. Controlled atomic layer deposition of Pd NPs on these nanofibers significantly increased electrode electrochemical activity in water splitting.

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26

Liu, Bo, Mohammad Ali Mohammad, Dan-Yang Wang, Xiang-Guang Tian, Lu-Qi Tao, Yi Yang, and Tian-Ling Ren. "A comparison of Pd and Au electrodes-based LiNbO3 surface acoustic wave devices." Modern Physics Letters B 30, no. 32n33 (November 30, 2016): 1650349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984916503498.

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We report the comparison of electrode metals for LiNbO3 surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. Palladium (Pd) was systematically studied as a SAW electrode metal for the first time, compared with gold (Au). Simulations were first conducted to gain an understanding of the differences of the materials and the metallization ratio. Two sets of identical SAW devices were then fabricated using Au and Pd as electrodes with different electrode widths and same SAW period. The insertion losses, types of resonance mode, the resonance frequencies, peak amplitudes, quality factors and trends with different metallization ratios were systematically compared and analyzed. We found that Pd electrode devices only exhibit the parallel resonance frequency and have higher resonance frequency for both the first-order and third-order harmonics. Au electrode devices tend to have a smooth response and a quality factor two times higher than Pd. Both Pd and Au electrode devices have nearly identical electromechanical coupling coefficients, and the quality factor and third-order harmonics both improve with increasing metallization ratio.

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27

Kalenik, Jerzy, Konrad Kielbasinski, Piotr Firek, Elżbieta Czerwosz, and Jan Szmidt. "Thermal properties of modified carbon films." Circuit World 42, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cw-10-2015-0055.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present thermal properties of palladium-carbon films prepared by physical vapour deposition (PVD)/chemical vapour deposition (CVD) methods. Design/methodology/approach – Thin palladium-carbon films were prepared at Tele- and Radioresearch Institute. Test structures containing palladium-carbon films and titanium electrodes were made. Temperature-resistance characteristics were measured. Findings – The results show strong temperature dependence of modified carbon film resistance. The dependence is stable, and so modified carbon films can be applied for various electronic applications. Originality/value – The paper presents thermal properties of thin palladium-carbon prepared by original PVD/CVD method at Tele- and Radioresearch Institute.

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28

Hassan, K. M., A. A. Hathoot, R. Maher, and M. Abdel Azzem. "Electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol at Pd, Pt, Pd/Pt and Pt/Pd nano particles supported on poly 1,8-diaminonaphthalene film in alkaline medium." RSC Advances 8, no. 28 (2018): 15417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra13694c.

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29

Jenni, Laura Vera, Johannes Weichart, Matthias Muoth, Kiran Chikkadi, Miroslav Haluska, and Christofer Hierold. "Fabrication of high-resolution, self-aligned palladium electrodes." Microelectronic Engineering 153 (March 2016): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2016.03.013.

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30

de Vooys, A. C. A., R. A. van Santen, and J. A. R. van Veen. "Electrocatalytic reduction of NO3− on palladium/copper electrodes." Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 154, no. 1-2 (March 2000): 203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1381-1169(99)00375-1.

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31

Alavi, A., and R. A. Cottis. "Semimicro pH electrodes based on palladium-hydrogen system." British Corrosion Journal 22, no. 4 (January 1987): 264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/000705987798271389.

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32

Sakamoto, Y., N. Ishimaru, and M. Hasebe. "Electrochemical Properties of Some Palladium Alloy Hydride Electrodes*." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 183, Part_1_2 (January 1994): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/zpch.1994.183.part_1_2.319.

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33

Wang, Joseph, Maria Pedrero, and Xiaohua Cai. "Palladium-doped screen-printed electrodes for monitoring formaldehyde." Analyst 120, no. 7 (1995): 1969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9952001969.

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34

Enyo, M., and P. C. Biswas. "Hydrogen absorption in palladium electrodes in alkaline solutions." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 335, no. 1-2 (September 1992): 309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(92)80250-8.

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35

McDaniel, Jesse G., Mira Josowicz, and Jiří Janata. "Quantized Electrodes: Atomic Palladium and Gold in Polyaniline." ChemElectroChem 8, no. 10 (March 30, 2021): 1766–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/celc.202100281.

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36

Horozova, Elena, Totka Dodevska, Nina Dimcheva, and Ruska Mussarlieva. "Electrocatalytic Reduction of Hydrogen Peroxide on Palladium-Gold Codeposits on Glassy Carbon: Applications to the Design of Interference-Free Glucose Biosensor." International Journal of Electrochemistry 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/697698.

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Following our previous studies on the catalytic activity electrochemically codeposited on graphite Pd-Pt electrocatalysts for hydrogen peroxide electroreduction, a series of glassy carbon electrodes were modified with Pd or (Pd+Au) deposits aiming at the development of even more efficient electrocatalysts for the same process. The resulting electrodes were found to be very effective at low applied potentials (−100and−50 mV versus Ag/AgCl, 1 M KCl). The surface topography of the electrode modified with Pd+Au mixed in proportions 90% : 10%, exhibiting optimal combination of sensitivity and linear dynamic range towards hydrogen peroxide electrochemical reduction, was studied with SEM and AFM. The applicability of the same electrode as transducer in an amperometric biosensor for glucose assay was demonstrated. At an applied potential of−50 mV, the following were determined: detection limit (S/N=3) of6×10−6 M glucose, electrode sensitivity of 0.15 μAμM−1, and strict linearity up to concentration of3×10−4 M.

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37

Hamo, Eliran, Avichay Raviv, and Brian A. Rosen. "Influence of Nanocrystalline Palladium Morphology on Alkaline Oxygen Reduction Kinetics." Catalysts 9, no. 7 (June 26, 2019): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9070566.

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The structure sensitivity of the alkaline oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on palladium is of great interest as cost considerations drive the need to find a replacement for platinum catalysts. The kinetics of alkaline ORR were investigated on nanocrystalline palladium (Pd) films with domain sizes between 14 and 30 nm that were synthesized by electrodeposition from aqueous electrolytes. Ten Pd films were prepared under varying electrodeposition parameters leading to each having a unique texture and morphology. The sensitivity of initial alkaline ORR kinetics to the Pd surface structure was evaluated by measuring the kinetic current density and number of electrons transferred for each film. We show through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and voltammetry from rotating disc electrodes (RDEs) that the fastest alkaline ORR kinetics are found on Pd surfaces with high surface roughness, which themselves are composed of fine grains. Such a study is useful for developing membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) based on directly electrodepositing catalyst onto a conductive diffusion layer.

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38

Cyr, André, Florence Chiltz, Paul Jeanson, Anna Martel, Louis Brossard, Jean Lessard, and Hugues Ménard. "Electrocatalytic hydrogenation of lignin models at Raney nickel and palladium-based electrodes." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 78, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v00-009.

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The electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) of β-O-4 lignin model compounds has been carried out at constant current at Raney nickel and palladium-based cathodes in aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at temperatures ranging from 25 to 75°C. It was found that the hydrogenolysis of phenolic β-arylethyl-aryl ethers with one β-O-4 linkage takes place at both types of electrodes to give a mixture of phenolic compounds. The ECH of 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1-ethanol (model 1) at Raney nickel gives guaiacol (9), acetovanillone (11b), alpha-methylvanillyl alcohol (12b), and products derived from their further hydrogenation. The β-O-4 bond is more difficult to cleave upon replacing one hydrogen of the methylene group of 1 by a hydroxymethyl group (see 2). However, model 4 with two β-O-4 linkages obtained by the introduction of an α-methylvanillyl group at the phenolic position of 1 is hydrogenolysed at the same rate as 1 at Raney nickel. Only the C-O aryl bond attached to the hydroxyethylphenol moiety is cleaved. At palladium, the hydrogenolysis of 1 requires only half of the theoretical amount of electricity due to the generation of chemisorbed hydrogen by dehydrogenation of 1 followed by hydrogenolysis of the resulting ketone. A general reaction scheme is proposed for the ECH of model 1.Key words: Lignins, lignin models, electrocatalytic hydrogenation, Raney nickel electrodes, palladium electrodes.

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39

Dabo, Pierre, André Cyr, Jean Lessard, Louis Brossard, and Hugues Ménard. "Article." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 77, no. 7 (July 1, 1999): 1225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v99-120.

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Electrodes consisting of particles of a transition metal entrapped and dispersed in a reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) matrix were prepared in situ by stirring the particles in the presence of an RVC cathode. Such electrodes were used for the electrocatalytic hydrogenolysis (ECHsis) of 4-phenoxyphenol, a compound representative of the 4-O-5 type linkage in lignins. The electrolyses were carried out under galvanostatic control in aqueous 1 M NaOH. Raney nickel, nickel boride, and transition metals supported on activated charcoal or alumina were used as catalytic powders. The extent and efficiency of the ECHsis of 4-phenoxyphenol was found to depend on the catalyst and on the temperature.Key words: electrocatalytic hydrogenation, electrocatalytic hydrogenolysis, 4-phenoxyphenol, Raney nickel, palladium on charcoal, palladium on alumina.

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40

Choi, Kyeong-Keun, and Seongjeen Kim. "Effect of Palladium Electrode Patterns on Hydrogen Response Characteristics from a Sensor Based on Ta2O5 Film on SiC at High Temperatures." Sensors 19, no. 24 (December 12, 2019): 5478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19245478.

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Our study aims to fabricate a hydrogen sensor based on thermal stability analysis of Ta2O5 film, and to determine the effect of Pd electrodes on the hydrogen sensor at high temperatures. First, in order to ensure high-temperature stability of silicon carbide (SiC)-based hydrogen sensors, the thermal stability of Ta2O5 dielectric thin film at temperatures above 900 °C was studied. The sensor structure consisted of a metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) and a tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) dielectric film was formed by rapid thermal oxidation (RTO). The Ta2O5 film was assessed through SEM, TEM, SIMS, and dielectric breakdown strength to observe thermal stability. Secondly, hydrogen sensors using a SiC substrate were fabricated, with the process considering thermal stability. The response characteristics for hydrogen were evaluated using three types of sensors with different Pd electrode patterns. The patterns of the Pd electrode were designed as squares or grid shapes, and were characterized by 100%, 75%, and 50% area ratios of Pd electrodes covering the Ta2O5 layer. The results showed that the sensor with a 100% area ratio of the Pd electrode had better sensitivity and linear response characteristics compared to sensors with a 50% area ratio of the Pd electrode.

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41

Hathoot, Abla Ahmed, Khalid Mahmoud Hassan, Asmaa Galal Ali, Ahmed Said Shatla, Helmut Baltruschat, and Magdi Abdel-Azzem. "Mono and dual hetero-structured M@poly-1,2 diaminoanthraquinone (M = Pt, Pd and Pt–Pd) catalysts for the electrooxidation of small organic fuels in alkaline medium." RSC Advances 9, no. 4 (2019): 1849–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra09342c.

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Oxidation reaction of some small organic fuels such as methanol, ethanol and ethylene glycol was carried out in alkaline medium at palladium (Pd)–platinum (Pt) nanoparticles/poly1,2-diaminoanthraquinone/glassy carbon catalyst electrodes.

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42

Matsumoto, Toru, Naoaki Sata, Kiyoshi Kobayashi, and Yoko Yamabe-Mitarai. "Surface Structures and Electrochemical Activity of Palladium–Niobium Binary Alloy Electrodes, and Glucose Biosensor with Palladium–Niobium Binary Alloy Electrode." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 86, no. 11 (November 15, 2013): 1317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.20130152.

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43

Kinoshita, Eita, Folke Ingman, Gunnar Edwall, Sigvard Thulin, and Stanisław Gła̧b. "Polycrystalline and monocrystalline antimony, iridium and palladium as electrode material for pH-sensing electrodes." Talanta 33, no. 2 (February 1986): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(86)80028-5.

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44

Bozorgmehri, Shahriar, Mohsen Hamedi, and Alireza Babaei. "Modeling of Nanostructured Palladium Anode in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." Advanced Materials Research 829 (November 2013): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.829.195.

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In this paper, a mode of nanostructured Pd anode of SOFCs is presented to calculate the effects of nanoparticles on the SOFCs' electrodes performance. Nanostructured electrodes of the SOFCs prepared by wet impregnation have attracted increasing attention as the most effective way to make highly active and advanced structures in the electrodes. The effects of infiltrated Pd-nanoparticles on the performance of Nickel/ Gadolinium doped Ceria (Ni/GDC) anode of SOFC are investigated. It is observed that a small amount of Pd catalyst has a significant decreasing effect on overpotential of anodes. One-dimensional analysis is carried out using a simplified geometry to calculate the effective polarization resistance by assuming the ionic conductor phase (GDC) as columns and the Pd phase mounted on these columns. The results of modeling are presented and compared with the experimental data as a function of temperature.

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45

Tsang, Chi-Him A., K. N. Hui, K. S. Hui, and L. Ren. "Deposition of Pd/graphene aerogel on nickel foam as a binder-free electrode for direct electro-oxidation of methanol and ethanol." J. Mater. Chem. A 2, no. 42 (2014): 17986–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta03138e.

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We reported a simple and green method to fabricate various palladium (0.8, 2.17, 7.65 wt%) loaded graphene aerogel deposited on nickel foam (Pd/GA/NF) as binder-free direct electrodes for electro-oxidation of methanol and ethanol.

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46

Szpak, Stanislaw, and Pamela A. Mosier-Boss. "On the Release of from Cathodically Polarized Palladium Electrodes." Fusion Technology 34, no. 3P1 (November 1998): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst98-a71.

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47

Liaw, Bor Yann, Peng-Long Tao, and Bruce E. Liebert. "Helium Analysis of Palladium Electrodes after Molten Salt Electrolysis." Fusion Technology 23, no. 1 (January 1993): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst93-a30123.

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48

Parashar, Sweta, and Pankaj Srivastava. "Modeling of Asymmetric Biphenyl Molecular Devices Using Palladium Electrodes." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 14, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 2345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2017.6832.

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49

Birdja, Y. Y., J. Yang, and M. T. M. Koper. "Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrate on Tin-modified Palladium Electrodes." Electrochimica Acta 140 (September 2014): 518–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2014.06.011.

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50

Villalba, Matias, María del Pozo, and Ernesto J. Calvo. "Electrocatalytic hydrogenation of acetophenone and benzophenone using palladium electrodes." Electrochimica Acta 164 (May 2015): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2015.02.113.

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