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Journal articles on the topic 'Electrodes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Yashiro, Yusuke, Michitaka Yamamoto, Yoshihiro Muneta, et al. "Comparative Studies on Electrodes for Rumen Bacteria Microbial Fuel Cells." Sensors 23, no. 8 (2023): 4162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23084162.

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Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) using rumen bacteria have been proposed as a power source for running devices inside cattle. In this study, we explored the key parameters of the conventional bamboo charcoal electrode in an attempt to improve the amount of electrical power generated by the microbial fuel cell. We evaluated the effects of the electrode’s surface area, thickness, and rumen content on power generation and determined that only the electrode’s surface area affects power generation levels. Furthermore, our observations and bacterial count on the electrode revealed that rumen bacteria con

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Zimmer, Philip, Christian Stolze, Simon Muench, et al. "Percolation Investigation of Polymer-Based Battery Electrodes and Its Influence on Capacity Utilization." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 25 (2024): 2048. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02252048mtgabs.

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Our oral presentation will offer a comprehensive exploration of the intricate dynamics governing organic radical battery electrodes, focusing on the percolation phenomena and its consequential influence on capacity utilization. Our latest investigations center around quantifying the role of conducting additives, notably the widely employed spherical SuperP® (SP), within a composite electrode based on poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperinidyl-N-oxylmethacrylate) (PTMA). We recently reported a comprehensive study on the percolation investigation of SP in such composite electrodes in the Chemical En

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3

Khan, Waris N., and Rahul Chhibber. "Experimental investigation on dissimilar weld between super duplex stainless steel 2507 and API X70 pipeline steel." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 235, no. 8 (2021): 1827–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14644207211013056.

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This work investigates the microstructure and mechanical properties of 2507 super duplex stainless steel and API X70 high strength low alloy steel weld joint. This joint finds application in offshore hydrocarbon drilling riser and oil–gas pipelines. Coated shielded metal arc welding electrodes have been designed and extruded on 309L filler and their performance compared with a commercial austenitic electrode E309L. Filler 309L solidifies in ferrite-austenite (F-A) mode with a resultant microstructure comprising skeletal ferrites with austenite distributed in the interdendritic region. Results

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4

Asl, Sara Nazari, Frank Ludwig, and Meinhard Schilling. "Noise properties of textile, capacitive EEG electrodes." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 1, no. 1 (2015): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2015-0009.

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AbstractThe rigid surface of the conventional PCB-based capacitive electrode produces an undefined distance between the skin and the electrode surface. Therefore, the capacitance introduced by them is uncertain and can vary from electrode to electrode due to their different positions on the scalp. However, textile electrodes which use conductive fabric as electrode surfaces, are bendable over the scalp. Therefore, it provides a certain value of the capacitance which is predictable and calculable accurately if the effective distance to the scalp surface can be determined. In this paper noise ch

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Al Hajji Safi, Maria, Andrea Bourke, D. Noel Buckley, and Robert P. Lynch. "(Invited) Insights from Cyclic Voltammetry into Active Sites on Carbon Electrodes and Their Importance in Vanadium Flow Batteries and Other Electrochemical Applications." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 69 (2024): 4837. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02694837mtgabs.

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Flow battery technology is uniquely positioned to fill the niche of long duration energy storage that will be needed to enhance grid reliability and power quality. Vanadium Flow Batteries (VFBs) and other flow battery technologies use carbon as their electrodes. The behaviour of carbon as an electrode is complex and there is considerable variation in the literature regarding the kinetics of flow battery reactions at carbon electrodes. The electrochemical response of a carbon electrode towards redox reactions is known to be improved after electrochemical treatments. For the past decade we have

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Rondou, Noah, Philippe M. Vereecken, and Martijn J. W. Blom. "Surface-Limited Electrochemical Reactions for the Characterization of Mass Transport in Nanoporous Electrodes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 22 (2024): 1844. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02221844mtgabs.

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Minimizing transport losses in (nano)porous electrodes is essential to many electrochemical applications such as electrolyzers, fuel cells, high-power density batteries. Often diffusion is the dominating mechanism that limits mass transport in these electrodes with very large surface areas. Electrochemical methods that characterize diffusion in porous electrodes, such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electrochemical microscopy, are limited in their use due to complex data interpretation and/or stringent infrastructure requirements. We have developed a novel method that ut

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7

Zhang, Wenjie, Yongqi Liu, Zhouyang Qin, et al. "Flexible Carbon Fiber/SnO2@rGO Electrode with Long Cyclability for Lithium-Ion Batteries." Batteries 10, no. 12 (2024): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries10120412.

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Flexible electrodes are highly desirable for next-generation wearable lithium-ion batteries. To achieve high-capacity flexible electrode materials, SnO2 with high theoretical capacity has been introduced into electrodes and shows promising capacity. However, the electrodes are still confronted with major challenges in terms of inferior rate capability and cycling stability, which are caused by large volume changes of SnO2 during the lithiation/delithiation process. Here, we adopt an adsorption assembly strategy to fabricate a flexible carbon fiber/SnO2@rGO electrode that effectively stabilizes

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8

Aoyagi, Seiji, Masaru Kawanishi, and Daiichiro Yoshikawa. "Multiaxis Capacitive Force Sensor and its Measurement Principle Using Neural Networks." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 18, no. 4 (2006): 442–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2006.p0442.

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We propose a multiaxis capacitive force sensor consisting of one movable upper electrode on a plate and fixed lower electrodes on a substrate. The plate moves both vertically and horizontally when force is applied, and capacitance between upper and lower electrodes changes. This sensor uses the main electrical field between two directly facing electrodes and the fringe electrical field between diagonally opposed electrodes, making capacitance difficult to analyze. We simulated changes in nonlinear capacitance based on the upper electrode’s movement using the finite element method (FEM) and pro

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9

Tanumihardja, Esther, Douwe S. de Bruijn, Rolf H. Slaats, Wouter Olthuis, and Albert van den Berg. "Monitoring Contractile Cardiomyocytes via Impedance Using Multipurpose Thin Film Ruthenium Oxide Electrodes." Sensors 21, no. 4 (2021): 1433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041433.

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A ruthenium oxide (RuOx) electrode was used to monitor contractile events of human pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) through electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Using RuOx electrodes presents an advantage over standard thin film Pt electrodes because the RuOx electrodes can also be used as electrochemical sensor for pH, O2, and nitric oxide, providing multisensory functionality with the same electrode. First, the EIS signal was validated in an optically transparent well-plate setup using Pt wire electrodes. This way, visual data could be recorded simultaneously. Fre

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10

Rashedul, Islam Md, Yan Zhang, Kebing Zhou, Guoqian Wang, Tianpeng Xi, and Lei Ji. "Influence of Different Tool Electrode Materials on Electrochemical Discharge Machining Performances." Micromachines 12, no. 9 (2021): 1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12091077.

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Electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) is an emerging method for developing micro-channels in conductive or non-conductive materials. In order to machine the materials, it uses a combination of chemical and thermal energy. The tool electrode’s arrangement is crucial for channeling these energies from the tool electrode to the work material. As a consequence, tool electrode optimization and analysis are crucial for efficiently utilizing energies during ECDM and ensuring machining accuracy. The main motive of this study is to experimentally investigate the influence of different electrode ma

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11

Zhang, Rui, Zhiqiang Tian, Wenxiong Xi, and Dongjing He. "Discharge Characteristics and System Performance of the Ablative Pulsed Plasma Thruster with Different Structural Parameters." Energies 15, no. 24 (2022): 9389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249389.

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Under the given initial discharge energy level, altering the electrode structural parameters of the Ablative Pulse Plasma Thruster (APPT) is an effective way to improve the performance of the thruster. The purpose of this study is to reveal the underlying mechanism of the effect of changing the electrode structure parameters on the performance of the APPT system and to offer targeted support for researchers to optimize the design of APPT structure. With rectangular and tongue-shaped electrode configurations at various electrode flare angles, electrode lengths, and electrode spacings, the disch

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12

Garba, Elhuseini, Ahmad Majdi Abdul-Rani, Nurul Azhani Yunus, et al. "A Review of Electrode Manufacturing Methods for Electrical Discharge Machining: Current Status and Future Perspectives for Surface Alloying." Machines 11, no. 9 (2023): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11090906.

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In electrical discharge machining (EDM), the tool electrode is one of the substantial components of the system, and it ensures the success or failure of the EDM process. The electrode’s role is to conduct electrical charges and erode the workpiece to the desired shape. Different electrode materials have different impacts on machining. Certain electrode materials remove metal quickly but wear out rapidly, while others degrade slowly but the material removal is too slow. The choice of the electrode has an influence on both the mechanical properties, such as metal removal rate (MRR), wear rate, s

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13

Carvalho, Daniel, Sandra Marques, Giorgia Siqueira, et al. "Enhancing the Longevity and Functionality of Ti-Ag Dry Electrodes for Remote Biomedical Applications: A Comprehensive Study." Sensors 23, no. 19 (2023): 8321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23198321.

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This study aims to evaluate the lifespan of Ti-Ag dry electrodes prepared using flexible polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) substrates. Following previous studies, the electrodes were designed to be integrated into wearables for remote electromyography (EMG) monitoring and electrical stimulation (FES) therapy. Four types of Ti-Ag electrodes were prepared by DC magnetron sputtering, using a pure-Ti target doped with a growing number of Ag pellets. After extensive characterization of their chemical composition and (micro)structural evolution, the Ti-Ag electrodes were immersed in an artificial sweat

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14

Cen, Chao, and Xinhua Chen. "The Electrode Modality Development in Pulsed Electric Field Treatment Facilitates Biocellular Mechanism Study and Improves Cancer Ablation Efficacy." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3624613.

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Pulsed electric field treatment is now widely used in diverse biological and medical applications: gene delivery, electrochemotherapy, and cancer therapy. This minimally invasive technique has several advantages over traditional ablation techniques, such as nonthermal elimination and blood vessel spare effect. Different electrodes are subsequently developed for a specific treatment purpose. Here, we provide a systematic review of electrode modality development in pulsed electric field treatment. For electrodes invented for experiment in vitro, sheet electrode and electrode cuvette, electrodes

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15

Rahman, Fathur, Aulia Ghifari Nurlis, Damar Rastri Adhika, and Suprijanto. "Fabrication and Evaluation of Carrageenan Based Bioplastic with Graphite and Ag-Nanoparticles Addition as Flexible Electrode for EMG Signal Measurement." Materials Science Forum 1104 (November 10, 2023): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-hkf5fy.

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Electromyography (EMG) is a method for measuring muscle biopotential signals for monitoring muscle activity. Electrodes are placed on the skin to capture EMG signals from muscles underneath. The most common electrodes used in clinical EMG measurement are Ag/AgCl electrodes in the form of metal plates coated with electrode gel. Electrode gel enhances the contact between the electrode’s metal plate and the skin since it is essential for a good measurement signal quality. Meanwhile, flexible electrodes are made from flexible conductive materials that can be adjusted to the contour of the skin sur

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16

Xia, Jie, Fan Zhang, Luxi Zhang, et al. "Magnetically Compatible Brain Electrode Arrays Based on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Long-Term Implantation." Nanomaterials 14, no. 3 (2024): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14030240.

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Advancements in brain–machine interfaces and neurological treatments urgently require the development of improved brain electrodes applied for long-term implantation, where traditional and polymer options face challenges like size, tissue damage, and signal quality. Carbon nanotubes are emerging as a promising alternative, combining excellent electronic properties and biocompatibility, which ensure better neuron coupling and stable signal acquisition. In this study, a new flexible brain electrode array based on 99.99% purity of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) was developed, which has 3

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17

Wang, Zhaoshun, Zeyuan Li, Harsh Agarwal, Ryan Stephens, and Ming Tang. "Optimizing Electronic Conductivity to Improve the Thick Battery Electrode Performance for Lithium-Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 5 (2024): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-015709mtgabs.

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Thick battery electrode designs have attracted broad interest from the lithium-ion battery industry because they represent a promising approach to significantly increase the battery energy density at the cell level and reduce the materials and manufacturing cost at the same time. However, increasing the electrode thickness also increases the ionic and electronic transport distance, leading to inferior rate performance. Previous studies on improving thick electrode performance have mainly focused on the design and fabrication of three-dimensional electrode architecture (e.g. electrodes with low

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18

Velasco-Medina, Carlos, Patricio J. Espinoza-Montero, Marjorie Montero-Jimenez, et al. "Development and Evaluation of Copper Electrodes, Modified with Bimetallic Nanoparticles, to be Used as Sensors of Cysteine-Rich Peptides Synthesized by Tobacco Cells Exposed to Cytotoxic Levels of Cadmium." Molecules 24, no. 12 (2019): 2200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24122200.

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We report on two new electrochemical sensors which, coupled to differential pulse voltammetry, constitutes a useful tool for diagnosis of heavy metal pollution. The electrochemical sensors AgHgNf/Cu and the AgBiNf/Cu were obtained by deposition of bimetallic particles of AgHg or AgBi on copper electrodes covered with a Nafion (Nf) film, respectively. Micrographs of the electrode’s surface showed evenly scattered bimetallic particles, with an approximate diameter of 150 nm, embedded in the Nafion (Nf) film. In order to test the electrodes, the hydrogen evolution signal according to the Brdička

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19

Duverger, James Elber, Victor Bellemin, Geordi-Gabriel Renaud Dumoulin, et al. "Respiratory Monitoring with Textile Inductive Electrodes in Driving Applications: Effect of Electrode’s Positioning and Form Factor on Signal Quality." Sensors 25, no. 7 (2025): 2035. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25072035.

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This paper provides insights into where and how to integrate textile inductive electrodes into a car to record optimal-quality respiratory signals. Electrodes of various shapes and sizes were integrated into the seat belt and the seat back of a driving simulator car seat. The electrodes covered various parts of the body: upper back, middle back, lower back, chest, and waist. Three subjects completed driving circuits with their breathing signals being recorded. In general, signal quality while driving versus sitting still was similar, compared to a previous study of ours with no body movements.

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Goh, Andrew, David Roberts, Jesse Wainright, et al. "Evaluation of Activated Carbon and Platinum Black as High-Capacitance Materials for Platinum Electrodes." Sensors 22, no. 11 (2022): 4278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22114278.

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The application of direct current (DC) produces a rapid and reversible nerve conduction block. However, prolonged injection of charge through a smooth platinum electrode has been found to cause damage to nervous tissue. This damage can be mitigated by incorporating high-capacitance materials (HCM) (e.g., activated carbon or platinum black) into electrode designs. HCMs increase the storage charge capacity (i.e., “Q value”) of capacitive devices. However, consecutive use of these HCM electrodes degrades their surface. This paper evaluates activated carbon and platinum black (PtB) electrode desig

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Dölker, Eva-Maria, Yasemin Cabuk, Tino Kühn, and Jens Haueisen. "Comparison of TENS electrodes and textile electrodes for electrocutaneous warning." PLOS One 20, no. 6 (2025): e0318289. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318289.

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Electrocutaneous stimulation can be employed to alert workers in potentially hazardous situations. Previous parameter studies used TENS electrodes during the developmental process of the electrical warning system. As a step towards more practicability, we now focus on electrocutaneous stimulation through wearable textile electrodes. In order to determine the feasibility of a novel textile electrode cuff in comparison to previously used TENS electrodes, two studies were conducted. In a study on n = 30 participants, perception, attention, muscle twitch, and intolerance thresholds as well as qual

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22

Wang, Qing, Xiao Nan Zhang, Xiao Di Huo, Ren Hui Zhang, and Jian Feng Dai. "Study of Nanocrystalline ZnO and Zn₂TiO₄ Film Electrode with ZnPc Dye and PbS Quantum Dots Composite Sensitization." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 2217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.2217.

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Nanocrystalline ZnO and Zn2TiO4 porous film electrodes were prepared by sol-gel method and spin coating method, and the nanocrystalline porous films were characterized by XRD and SEM. Using ZnPc dye and PbS quantum dots as sensitizers. The nanocrystalline film electrodes of ZnO series and Zn2TiO4 series were prepared separately, and their absorption characteristics observed by UV-vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that ZnPc dye and PbS quantum dots could well sensitize the film electrodes, and the effect of ZnPc dye and PbS quantum dots composite sensitization was optimal. Then, the sol

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Chávez-Vera, Sara, David García-Bassoco, and Bernardo Antonio Frontana-Uribe. "Bismuth Film Electrodes: Characterization and Analytical Application." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 53 (2024): 2856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01532856mtgabs.

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Bismuth film electrodes (BiFE) were first introduced more than two decades ago and have been regarded as a posible alternative to toxic traditional mercury electrodes, both for electro-synthesis and electro-analytical endeavors. However, despite all the associated benefits, there hasn’t been a proper characterization reported for this electrodes and their use is still limited. The present work shows the results of a physicochemical characterization of Bismuth film electrodes, as well as the application of BiFE for the detection and quantification of heavy metals (such as cadmium), which for ye

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Sharma, Anuj, Aman Grewal, Shubham Kumar Patial, Amit L. Sharma, and Suman Singh. "Role of Carbonaceous Nanomaterials in Deciding Efficiency of Bio-Electrochemical Systems (BES)." Current Natural Sciences and Engineering 2, no. 2 (2025): 591–627. https://doi.org/10.63015/1re-2458.2.2.

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Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) utilize microbes for energy generation, which means microbes that are known to be harmful can still be non-harmful for their capability to produce alternate energy sources, thus giving dual benefits: waste reduction with simultaneous energy generation. However, the performance of these systems depends on the electrode material, which controls the electrode’s extracellular electron transfer and electron retrieval mechanism. Different materials have been tested as electrode materials to maximize energy efficiency. Recently, carbon-based nanomaterials like graphen

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Pope, Jackson, Chunmei Ban, Dakota Rodriguez, Donal P. Finegan, and Jackson Pope. "Title: Study of Structural Evolution of Silicon-Based Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 1 (2024): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-011174mtgabs.

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The need for electrification across various sectors has led to increased demand for high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Today’s commercial LIBs typically make use of a pure-graphite anode which offers long lifespans but a relatively meager capacity of 372 mAh/g. Silicon, by comparison, offers a theoretical capacity of 3600 mAh/g but generally suffers from short life spans due to numerous effects. Combining silicon and graphite active materials to form a composite anode can result in electrodes with improved capacities over pure-graphite systems and enhanced longevity over pure-silic

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Enache, Laura-Bianca, Veronica Anăstăsoaie, Liviu Birzan, Eleonora-Mihaela Ungureanu, Peng Diao, and Marius Enachescu. "Polyazulene-Based Materials for Heavy Metal Ion Detection. 2. (E)-5-(azulen-1-yldiazenyl)-1H-Tetrazole-Modified Electrodes for Heavy Metal Sensing." Coatings 10, no. 9 (2020): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10090869.

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Azulene-based materials present very appealing properties for the preparation of advanced materials. They can be irreversibly electrooxidated, leading to polymers, which can be deposited on electrodes and modified. This paper shows several experiments concerning the preparation of modified electrodes based on (E)-5-(azulen-1-yldiazenyl)-1H-tetrazole (L). L has a tetrazole complexing unit, which can be attached to the electrode’s surface and recognized. L has been deeply characterized by electrochemical techniques. Complexing modified electrodes have been prepared and tested in different condit

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Zheng, H. Z., Y. J. Zhu, Z. J. Zhang, et al. "The Effect of Electrodes’ Making Methods on the Electrochemical Performance of Nano-Ni(OH)₂." Applied Mechanics and Materials 79 (July 2011): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.79.123.

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Nano-Ni(OH)2 doped with special elements were prepared by supersonic co-precipitation method. Complex electrodes were prepared by immersion method and handwork method by mixing 8wt.% nickel hydroxides with commercial micro-size spherical nickel as the positive material of Ni-MH battery. The electrochemical performance and cyclic character affected by different electrodes’ making methods were characterized in this article. The result indicates that the discharge capacities of IM electrodes (IM electrodes mean electrodes made by handwork method) are higher than that of HM electrodes (HM electrod

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28

S. Rodrigues, Marco, Patrique Fiedler, Nora Küchler, et al. "Dry Electrodes for Surface Electromyography Based on Architectured Titanium Thin Films." Materials 13, no. 9 (2020): 2135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13092135.

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Electrodes of silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) are dominant in clinical settings for surface electromyography (sEMG) recordings. These electrodes need a conductive electrolyte gel to ensure proper performance, which dries during long-term measurements inhibiting the immediate electrode’s reuse and is often linked to skin irritation episodes. To overcome these drawbacks, a new type of dry electrodes based on architectured titanium (Ti) thin films were proposed in this work. The architectured microstructures were zigzags, obtained with different sputtering incidence angles (α), which have been s

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Slater, Lee, Dimitrios Ntarlagiannis, Nathan Yee, Michael O’Brien, Chi Zhang, and Kenneth H. Williams. "Electrodic voltages in the presence of dissolved sulfide: Implications for monitoring natural microbial activity." GEOPHYSICS 73, no. 2 (2008): F65—F70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2828977.

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There is growing interest in the development of new monitoring strategies for obtaining spatially extensive data diagnostic of microbial processes occurring in the earth. Open-circuit potentials arising from variable redox conditions in the fluid local-to-electrode surfaces (electrodic potentials) were recorded for a pair of silver-silver chloride electrodes in a column experiment, whereby a natural wetland soil containing a known community of sulfate reducers was continuously fed with a sulfate-rich nutrient medium. Measurements were made between five electrodes equally spaced along the colum

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Bickel, Karen, Thorsten Lewalter, Johannes Fischer, et al. "Value of Mini Electrodes for Mapping Myocardial Arrhythmogenic Substrate—The Influence of Tip-to-Tissue Angulation and Irrigation Flow on Signal Quality." Journal of Vascular Diseases 1, no. 1 (2022): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jvd1010002.

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Background: The use of mini electrodes with a small surface and narrow electrode-to-electrode spacing is believed to lead to a higher electrical resolution. Until now, the effects of tip-to-tissue contact, angulation, and irrigation on signal quality and morphology are unknown. Methods: The beating heart of an open-chest pig was examined while controlling the angulation and contact between the catheter tip and myocardial tissue, as well as the irrigation of the catheter tip. The mini electrodes were mounted onto commercially available 8 mm non-irrigated and 4 mm irrigated tip catheters. Differ

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Mahdavi, Behzad, Przemyslaw Los, Marie Josée Lessard, and Jean Lessard. "A comparison of nickel boride and Raney nickel electrode activity in the electrocatalytic Hydrogenation of Phenanthrene." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 72, no. 11 (1994): 2268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v94-289.

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The electrocatalytic activity of nickel boride in the electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) of phenanthrene in ethylene glycol–water at 80 °C has been compared to that of Raney nickel and fractal nickel. The intrinsic activity of the electrode material (real electrode activity) is the same for nickel boride and Raney nickel electrodes and is lower for fractal nickel electrodes. The apparent electrode activity of nickel boride pressed powder electrodes (Ni2B electrodes) is less than that of codeposited Raney nickel (RaNi) electrodes and pressed powder fractal nickel/Raney nickel (Ni/RaNi = 50/50

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Li, Chunlin, Ke Xu, and Yuanfen Chen. "Study on the Anti-Interference Performance of Substrate-Free PEDOT:PSS ECG Electrodes." Applied Sciences 14, no. 14 (2024): 6367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14146367.

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Substrate-free electrodes are promising dry electrodes for long-term physiological electrical signal monitoring due to their ultra-thinness, conformal contact, and stable skin–electrode impedance. However, the response of substrate-free electrodes to various disturbances during electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring and the corresponding optimization needs to be investigated. This paper investigates the specific effects of various influencing factors on skin–electrode impedance and ECG during electrocardiogram (ECG) detection. The research utilizes substrate-free poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/p

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Górecka, Joanna, and Przemysław Makiewicz. "The Dependence of Electrode Impedance on the Number of Performed EEG Examinations." Sensors 19, no. 11 (2019): 2608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19112608.

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In clinical practice, it is recommended to employ reusable electrodes for the registration of brain waves. Before registering EEG signals, the EEG technician checks the condition of all the electrodes, i.e., the occurrence of mechanical damage and the color of the electrode coating. It should be noticed that there is still no information on the permissible number of EEG examinations performed with one set of electrodes. After placement of the electrodes on the patient’s head, the scalp–electrode impedance is measured with the use of EEG equipment. When the scalp–electrode impedance achieves a

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Wang, Mingyong, Jianfei Wang, Yiling Zhang, Lu Li, Wenkai Zhou, and Zhipeng Lei. "The Influence of Electrode Shape on the Electric and Temperature Fields in an Immersed High-Voltage Electrode Boiler." Energies 18, no. 4 (2025): 825. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18040825.

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The electric and temperature fields formed in the furnace water system by electrodes of different shapes differ to some extent when the immersed high-voltage electrode boiler is in operation. To obtain the distribution of electric and temperature fields in the furnace water when different shapes of electrodes are used in a high-voltage electrode boiler, simulation models of spherical electrodes, planar electrodes, and tangential electrodes are established, respectively. The effects of the electrode structure on the electric and temperature fields in the furnace water were investigated. The sim

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Son, Seong Ho, Do Won Chung, and Won Sik Lee. "Development of Noble Metal Oxide Electrode for Low Oxygen Evolution." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 750–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.750.

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In the electroplating and water treatment fields, as the demand and expectation on an electrode with high productivity and high efficiency are getting increased, various electrodes(DSE) with higher reactivity and durability are being developed. This study is intended to analyze the characteristics of the produced electrodes and to establish the optimum manufacturing conditions for electrode being used that we mentioned. For improving the durability, the changes of reactivity and corrosion resistance are observed as adding Tantalum and/or another components (hereafter stated as “α”) and surface

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Wójcik, Szymon, and Małgorzata Jakubowska. "Optimization of anethole determination using differential pulse voltammetry on glassy carbon electrode, boron doped diamond electrode and carbon paste electrode." Science, Technology and Innovation 3, no. 2 (2018): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.8152.

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Voltammetry is the general term for all techniques in which the current is measured as a function of electrode potential. The voltammetric techniques can be applied for the quantitative analysis of inorganic and organic species and are best suited for substances which can be either oxidized or reduced on electrodes. These techniques are characterized by high sensitivity which results in the possibility of performing determinations at a low concentration level. In voltammetry, many different types of working electrodes are applied. One of the important groups are solid electrodes, among which c

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Boz, Emre Burak, Kitty Nijmeijer, and Antoni Forner-Cuenca. "Electrografting As a Versatile Approach to Engineer Porous Electrode Interfaces for Redox Flow Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 48 (2022): 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01482017mtgabs.

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The intermittent nature of renewable sources can be alleviated by grid-scale energy storage technologies, such as redox flow batteries (RFBs). However, these systems are currently not cost-competitive for widespread deployment. The system costs are linked to stack performance that is limited by kinetic, ohmic and mass-transfer overpotentials as well as materials stability. Carbon fiber-based porous electrodes, ubiquitous in electrochemical reactors, strongly influence these limiting phenomena as they facilitate redox reactions on their surface, conduct electrons, and provide flow paths for rea

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Xu, Ran, Johannes Achberger, Dario von Wedel, Peter Vajkoczy, Julia Onken, and Ulf C. Schneider. "Utilization of Epidural Electrodes as a Diagnostic Tool in Intractable Epilepsy—A Technical Note." Micromachines 13, no. 3 (2022): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13030397.

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The utilization of epidural electrodes in the preoperative evaluation of intractable epilepsy is a valuable but underrepresented tool. In recent years, we have adapted the use of cylindrical epidural 1-contact electrodes (1-CE) instead of Peg electrodes. 1-CEs are more versatile since their explantation is a possible bedside procedure. Here we report our experience with 1-CEs as well as associated technical nuances. This retrospective analysis included 56 patients with intractable epilepsy who underwent epidural electrode placement for presurgical evaluation at the Department of Neurosurgery a

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Katayama, Misaki, and Kazuo Kato. "Simultaneous Analysis of Reaction Distribution at LiFePO₄ and LiCoO₂ Electrodes of Lithium-Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 4 (2024): 454. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-024454mtgabs.

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The electrode reaction distribution of lithium-ion batteries is a noteworthy issue for the construction of safe and sustainable storage battery systems. Electrode reactions at composite electrodes are inhomogeneous on the micrometer to millimeter scale due to local differences in electronic and ionic conductivity. There are many reports on the reaction distribution of single electrodes. How the inhomogeneous chemical state distribution generated in the electrode affects the subsequent charge-discharge reaction has not been systematically studied. The purpose of this study is to clarify how the

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Song, Jinzhong, Tianshu Zhou, Zhonggang Liang, et al. "Electrochemical Characteristics Based on Skin-Electrode Contact Pressure for Dry Biomedical Electrodes and the Application to Wearable ECG Signal Acquisition." Journal of Sensors 2021 (September 15, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7741881.

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Based on one simulated skin-electrode electrochemical interface, some electrochemical characteristics based on skin-electrode contact pressure (SECP) for dry biomedical electrodes were analysed and applied in this research. First, 14 electrochemical characteristics including 2 static impedance (SI) characteristics, 11 alternating current impedance (ACI) characteristics and one polarization voltage (PV), and 4 SECP characteristics were extracted in one electrochemical evaluation platform, and their correlation trends were statistically analysed. Second, dry biomedical electrode samples develope

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Cheng, Ao, Yan Shen, Tao Cui, et al. "One-Step Synthesis of Heterostructured Mo@MoO2 Nanosheets for High-Performance Supercapacitors with Long Cycling Life and High Rate Capability." Nanomaterials 14, no. 17 (2024): 1404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14171404.

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Supercapacitors have gained increased attention in recent years due to their significant role in energy storage devices; their impact largely depends on the electrode material. The diversity of energy storage mechanisms means that various electrode materials can provide unique benefits for specific applications, highlighting the growing trend towards nanocomposite electrodes. Typically, these nanocomposite electrodes combine pseudocapacitive materials with carbon-based materials to form heterogeneous structural composites, often requiring complex multi-step preparation processes. This study in

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Imamura, Fumiya, Natsuki Nozaki, Soichiro Tottori, et al. "Water-Triggered Self-Wrapping Cuff Electrodes for Nerve Stimulation, Oral Presentation." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 54 (2024): 3688. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02543688mtgabs.

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In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in implantable stimulation electrodes for supporting and restoring neural functions, with ongoing development efforts aimed at their application in various areas such as vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), spinal cord stimulation (SCS), and gastric electrical stimulation (GES). The development of flexible and thin electrodes is crucial due to the delicate and uneven surfaces of tissues within the body. This is particularly important for thin nerves, which require full coverage and secure adhesion. However, soft and thin electrodes are difficult

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Haueisen, Jens, Patrique Fiedler, Anna Bernhardt, Ricardo Gonçalves, and Carlos Fonseca. "Novel dry electrode EEG headbands for home use: Comparing performance and comfort." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 6, no. 3 (2020): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2020-3036.

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AbstractMonitoring brain activity at home using electroencephalography (EEG) is an increasing trend for both medical and non-medical applications. Gel-based electrodes are not suitable due to the gel application requiring extensive preparation and cleaning support for the patient or user. Dry electrodes can be applied without prior preparation by the patient or user. We investigate and compare two dry electrode headbands for EEG acquisition: a novel hybrid dual-textile headband comprising multipin and multiwave electrodes and a neoprene-based headband comprising hydrogel and spidershaped elect

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Zhang, Wenguang, Xuele Yin, and Xuhui Zhou. "Optimal design and evaluation of a multi-shank structure based neural probe." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 64, no. 1-4 (2020): 1373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-209456.

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In order to develop long-lifetime neural electrodes, the insertion tissue injury caused by two optimized neural electrode (convex streamline electrode and vibration attenuation electrode) models were evaluated compared with a reference electrode. Based on the experimental evaluation system for testing tissue injury, the effects of insertion speeds on tissue injury of the two optimized electrodes with different insertion depths were studied. The maximum tissue strain caused by the two optimized neural electrodes firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of insertion speed at the de

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Zhang, Wenguang, Xuele Yin, Jie Xie, Yakun Ma, and Zhengwei Li. "Experimental evaluation of optimal-designed neural electrodes based on simulated implantation system." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 64, no. 1-4 (2020): 1401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-209459.

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In order to develop long-lifetime neural electrodes, the insertion tissue injury caused by two optimized neural electrode (convex streamline electrode and vibration attenuation electrode) models were evaluated compared with a reference electrode. Based on the experimental evaluation system for testing tissue injury, the effects of insertion speeds on tissue injury of the two optimized electrodes with different insertion depths were studied. The maximum tissue strain caused by the two optimized neural electrodes firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of insertion speed at the de

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Vadera, Sumeet, Amar R. Marathe, Jorge Gonzalez-Martinez, and Dawn M. Taylor. "Stereoelectroencephalography for continuous two-dimensional cursor control in a brain-machine interface." Neurosurgical Focus 34, no. 6 (2013): E3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.3.focus1373.

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Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is becoming more prevalent as a planning tool for surgical treatment of intractable epilepsy. Stereoelectroencephalography uses long, thin, cylindrical “depth” electrodes containing multiple recording contacts along each electrode's length. Each lead is inserted into the brain percutaneously. The advantage of SEEG is that the electrodes can easily target deeper brain structures that are inaccessible with subdural grid electrodes, and SEEG does not require a craniotomy. Brain-machine interface (BMI) research is also becoming more common in the Epilepsy Monito

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Zhen, Shao Hua, Li Bao An, and Chun Rui Chang. "Simulation on the Dielectrophoretic Assembly of Carbon Nanotubes." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 328–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.328.

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Dielectrophoresis (DEP) has been verified to be an efficient means of assembling carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for various applications. This paper simulates the electric field distribution of the quadruple electrode structure when the external AC voltage is applied between a pair of opposite electrodes. There exist induced electric potentials between high voltage electrodes and floating electrodes and thus floating electrodes seriously change the field distribution. For a pair of wide parallel electrodes, the deposition of one CNT bridging the electrode pair will greatly alter the local electric fi

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Reza, Mohammad Shamim, Lu Jin, You Jeong Jeong, Tong In Oh, Hongdoo Kim, and Kap Jin Kim. "Electrospun Rubber Nanofiber Web-Based Dry Electrodes for Biopotential Monitoring." Sensors 23, no. 17 (2023): 7377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23177377.

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This study aims to find base materials for dry electrode fabrication with high accuracy and without reducing electrode performance for long-term bioelectric potential monitoring after electroless silver plating. Most applications of dry electrodes that have been developed in the past few decades are restricted by low accuracy compared to commercial Ag/AgCl gel electrodes, as in our previous study of PVDF-based dry electrodes. In a recent study, however, nanoweb-based chlorinated polyisoprene (CPI) and poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene) (SBS) rubber were selected as promising candidates due to

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Furst, Ariel L. "Low-Cost Platforms for Point-of-Use Sensors." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 52 (2023): 2492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02522492mtgabs.

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Electrochemical biosensors are promising for sensing in low-resource settings because they are easy use and low-cost. Disposable screen-printed electrodes are popular for biosensing applications, but the dopants in the ink used for gold electrode production can interfere with electrode modification and sensing. We have developed an alternative disposable electrode made from high-quality gold leaf. We compared the topology and performance of three different disposable gold electrodes: our gold leaf electrodes and two commercial screen-printed versions. Our electrodes consistently outperformed c

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Dobrovolskiy, V. I., A. N. Shchipunov, S. V. Prokunin, A. B. Glebov, and T. E. Alimova. "Experimental implementation of a measuring electrode for determining the hydrogen index in strongly acidic environments." Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika 73, no. 12 (2025): 63–70. https://doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2024-12-63-70.

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The work is aimed at finding ways to solve the issue of metrological support for measurements of the hydrogen index pH in a highly acidic environment, which requires the presence of corrosion-resistant measuring electrodes with a stable potential, and for use in medical purposes – with an additional requirement – the absence of toxic substances on the working surface of the electrodes. Non-toxic and relatively corrosion-resistant metallic bismuth with the addition of modified graphite was chosen as the material for the electrode production. Optimal ratios of the main substance of the electrode

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