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Journal articles on the topic 'Electrodynamics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Boyer, Timothy. "Stochastic Electrodynamics: The Closest Classical Approximation to Quantum Theory." Atoms 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms7010029.

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Stochastic electrodynamics is the classical electrodynamic theory of interacting point charges which includes random classical radiation with a Lorentz-invariant spectrum whose scale is set by Planck’s constant. Here, we give a cursory overview of the basic ideas of stochastic electrodynamics, of the successes of the theory, and of its connections to quantum theory.

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2

Giardino, Sergio. "Quaternionic electrodynamics." Modern Physics Letters A 35, no. 39 (November 2, 2020): 2050327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732320503277.

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We develop a quaternionic electrodynamics and show that it naturally supports the existence of magnetic monopoles. We obtained the field equations, the continuity equation, the electrodynamic force law, the Poynting vector, the energy conservation, and the stress-energy tensor. The formalism also enabled us to generalize the Dirac monopole and the charge quantization rule.

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3

Mazharimousavi, S. Habib. "A note on Reissner–Nordström black holes in the inverse electrodynamics model." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 18, no. 10 (June 17, 2021): 2150155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887821501553.

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Recently, the inverse electrodynamics model (IEM) was introduced and applied to find Reissner–Nordström black holes in the context of the general relativity coupled minimally with the nonlinear electrodynamics. The solution consists of both electric and magnetic fields as of the dyonic solutions. Here, in this note, we show that the IEM model belongs to a more general class of the nonlinear electrodynamics with [Formula: see text]. Here, [Formula: see text] is the energy momentum tensor of the nonlinear electrodynamic Lagrangian. Naturally, such a dyonic RN black hole solution is the solution for this general class.

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4

Crenshaw, Michael E. "Quantum electrodynamic foundations of continuum electrodynamics." Physics Letters A 336, no. 2-3 (March 2005): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2004.12.081.

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5

Gömöri, Márton, and László E. Szabó. "Operational understanding of the covariance of classical electrodynamics." Physics Essays 26, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 362–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-26.3.362.

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It is common in the literature on classical electrodynamics and relativity theory that the transformation rules for the basic electrodynamic quantities are derived from the pre-assumption that the equations of electrodynamics are covariant against these—unknown—transformation rules. There are several problems to be raised concerning these derivations. This is, however, not our main concern in this paper. Even if these derivations are regarded as unquestionable, they leave open the following fundamental question: Are the so-obtained transformation rules indeed identical with the true transformation laws of the empirically ascertained electrodynamic quantities? This is of course an empirical question. In this paper, we will answer this question in a purely theoretical framework by applying what Bell calls “Lorentzian pedagogy”—according to which the laws of physics in any one reference frame account for all physical phenomena, including what a moving observer must see when performs measurement operations with moving measuring devices. We will show that the real transformation laws are indeed identical with the ones obtained by presuming the covariance of the equations of electrodynamics, and that the covariance is indeed satisfied. Beforehand, however, we need to clarify the operational definitions of the fundamental electrodynamic quantities. As we will see, these semantic issues are not as trivial as one might think.

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6

Zeyde, K. M. "Analysis of Electrodynamics Properties of Materials with High Dispersity Metal Powder in Axial Moving Systems." Materials Science Forum 870 (September 2016): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.870.90.

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This paper describes the reception, researching and electrodynamics investigations of recently obtained materials. These materials demonstrated the losses dielectric behavior and represent a wide interest as radio markers with controlled distortion. The investigated samples can be used as a coating for rotating machine elements for radio diagnostics. The considered materials performed by epoxy warp with high dispersity metal powder content established the required properties for iron 60 % and nickel 60 %. Primary materials parameters are taken in the natural experiment and electrodynamics properties are studied based on a mathematical model. The presented results can be extended to seminatural experiment setup in future. This paper does not contain the formulation of electrodynamic problem.

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7

Samokhin, V. P., K. V. Mescsherinova, and E. A. Tikhomirova. "Carl Friedrich Gauss (the 240 Anniversary of his Birth)." Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, no. 9 (November 4, 2017): 44–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24108/0917.0001302.

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A brief review of the major achievements of Andre-Marie Ampere, a prominent French scholar and the founder of electrodynamics and the author of fundamental works in the field of chemistry, biology, linguistics, and philosophy. Provides information about the parents Ampere, interesting facts from his life and work, including details of his self-education, interest in mathematics, chemistry and teaching. Some interesting facts from the history of electrodynamics associated with contributions in this direction Hans Oersted, Francois Arago and Augustin Fresnel. The designs of the two instruments, invented by Ampere for electrodynamic research and discussions with the opponents of the emerging science. Given the introduction of preconditions Ampe rum concepts of voltage, current, and its direction, which became the basis for the withdrawal of Ampere law of interaction of currents, which now bears his name.

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8

Keller, Ole, and Lee M. Hively. "Electrodynamics in curved space-time: Free-space longitudinal wave propagation." Physics Essays 32, no. 3 (September 11, 2019): 282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-32.3.282.

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Jiménez and Maroto [Phys. Rev. D 83, 023514 (2011)] predicted free-space, longitudinal electrodynamic waves in curved space-time, if the Lorenz condition is relaxed. A general-relativistic extension of Woodside’s electrodynamics [Am. J. Phys. 77, 438 (2009)] includes a dynamical, scalar field in both the potential- and electric/magnetic-field formulations without mixing the two. We formulate a longitudinal-wave theory, eliminating curvature polarization, magnetization density, and scalar field in favor of the electric/magnetic fields and the metric tensor. We obtain a wave equation for the longitudinal electric field for a spatially flat, expanding universe with a scale factor. This work is important, because: (i) the scalar- and longitudinal-fields do not cancel, as in classical quantum electrodynamics; and (ii) this new approach provides a first-principles path to an extended quantum theory that includes acceleration and gravity.

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9

SIVASUBRAMANIAN, S., A. WIDOM, and Y. N. SRIVASTAVA. "RADIATIVE PHASE TRANSITIONS AND CASIMIR EFFECT INSTABILITIES." Modern Physics Letters B 20, no. 22 (September 30, 2006): 1417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984906011748.

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Molecular quantum electrodynamics lead to photon frequency shifts and thus to changes in condensed matter free energies (often called the Casimir effect). Strong quantum electrodynamic coupling between radiation and molecular motions can lead to an instability beyond which one or more photon oscillators undergo a displacement phase transition. We show that the phase boundary of the transition can be located by a Casimir free energy instability.

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10

Purwanto, Joko. "Aplikasi Aljabar Geometris Pada Teori Elektrodinamika Klasik." Jurnal Fourier 1, no. 2 (October 31, 2012): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/fourier.2012.12.89-96.

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In this paper geometric algebra and its aplication in the theory of classical electrodynamic will be studied. Geometric algebra provide many simplification and new insight in the theoretical formulation and physical aplication of theory. In this work has been studied aplication of geometric algebra in classical electrodynamics especially Maxwell’s equations. Maxwell’s equations was formulated in one compact equation ÑF=J. The various equation parts are easily identified by their grades.

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11

Assis, A. K. T., and H. Torres Silva. "Comparison between Weber’s electrodynamics and classical electrodynamics." Pramana 55, no. 3 (September 2000): 393–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12043-000-0069-2.

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12

Torres-Silva, H., J. López-Bonilla, R. López-Vázquez, and J. Rivera-Rebolledo. "Weber’s electrodynamics for the hydrogen atom." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 5, no. 01 (December 16, 2015): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/ijap.v5i01.260.

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<p>The original Weber action at a distance theory is valid for slowly varying effects, and it in addition to predicting all of the usual electrodynamical results, leads to crucial effects where the Maxwell theory fails. The Weber’s approach is an alternative to <a title="Maxwell's Equations" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_Equations">Maxwell electrodynamics</a>, where the <a title="Coulomb's Law" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb%27s_Law">Coulomb's law</a> becomes velocity dependent [1-6]. Here we prove that the Weber’s theory gives the fine structure energy level splitting for the hydrogen atom without the assumption of mass change with velocity.</p>

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13

Aksenov, V. V. "Review of rationales for the introduction of the “Geophysical electrodynamics” term." Proceedings of higher educational establishments. Geology and Exploration, no. 2 (October 17, 2022): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2022-64-2-24-30.

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Background. The article provides arguments for the introduction of the “geophysical electrodynamics” term.Aim. To justify the introduction of a new term “geophysical electrodynamics”.Methods of substantiation. The limits of the applicability of Maxwell’s equations are studied. Additionally, some concepts are introduced, in particular, about a new paradigm in electrodynamics, about new equations in geophysical electrodynamics, about the differences between new electrodynamics and Maxwell’s electrodynamics, about the sources of toroidal and poloidal electromagnetic fields, about toroidal currents in Maxwell’s equations, about non-power electromagnetic fields, about the quantum effect in non-power electromagnetic fields, toroidal fields in the core of the Earth, mathematical achievements in the new paradigm, about the reproduction of sources of the electromagnetic field of the Earth, and effects in classical electrodynamics explained by geophysical electrodynamics.Results. Responses to the above justifications were received.Conclusion. Physical and mathematical justifications for the introduction of the term “geophysical electrodynamics” find confirmation both in the natural electromagnetic field of the Earth, and in a number of long-known classical effects in the standard Maxwell’s electrodynamics. Small but fundamental differences of one electrodynamics from another will reduce the number of effects unexplained from the standpoint of Maxwell’s equations, encountered in both theory and experiments on Earth.

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14

Gurtug, O., S. Habib Mazharimousavi, and M. Halilsoy. "(2 + 1)-dimensional dynamical black holes in Einstein-nonlinear Maxwell theory." Modern Physics Letters A 33, no. 04 (February 8, 2018): 1850027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773231850027x.

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Radiative extensions of BTZ metric in 2 + 1 dimensions are found which are sourced by nonlinear Maxwell fields and a null current. This may be considered as generalization of the problem formulated long go by Vaidya and Bonnor. The mass and charge are functions of retarded/advanced null coordinate apt for decay/inflation. The new solutions are constructed through a Theorem that works remarkably well for any nonlinear electrodynamic model. Hawking temperature is analyzed for the case of the Born–Infeld electrodynamics.

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15

Rebhan, Anton, and Günther Turk. "Polarization effects in light-by-light scattering: Euler–Heisenberg versus Born–Infeld." International Journal of Modern Physics A 32, no. 10 (April 6, 2017): 1750053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x17500531.

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The angular dependence of the differential cross-section of unpolarized light-by-light scattering summed over final polarizations is the same in any low-energy effective theory of quantum electrodynamics and also in Born–Infeld electrodynamics. In this paper, we derive general expressions for polarization-dependent low-energy scattering amplitudes, including a hypothetical parity-violating situation. These are evaluated for quantum electrodynamics with charged scalar or spinor particles, which give strikingly different polarization effects. Ordinary quantum electrodynamics is found to exhibit rather intricate polarization patterns for linear polarizations, whereas supersymmetric quantum electrodynamics and Born–Infeld electrodynamics give particularly simple forms.

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16

Bacelar Valente, Mario. "The Relation between Classical and Quantum Electrodynamics." THEORIA 26, no. 1 (February 24, 2011): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/theoria.754.

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Quantum electrodynamics presents intrinsic limitations in the description of physical processes that make it impossible to recover from it the type of description we have in classical electrodynamics. Hence one cannot consider classical electrodynamics as reducing to quantum electrodynamics and being recovered from it by some sort of limiting procedure. Quantum electrodynamics has to be seen not as an more fundamental theory, but as an upgrade of classical electrodynamics, which permits an extension of classical theory to the description of phenomena that, while being related to the conceptual framework of the classical theory, cannot be addressed from the classical theory.

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17

Jossinet, Jacques. "Elementary electrodynamics." Technology and Health Care 16, no. 6 (February 9, 2009): 465–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/thc-2008-16607.

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18

Vollan, Hans, Jai S. Kim, and Bernard Vonnegut. "Atmospheric Electrodynamics." Physics Today 38, no. 10 (October 1985): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2814740.

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19

Kinoshita, T., and Stanley J. Brodsky. "Quantum Electrodynamics." Physics Today 45, no. 8 (August 1992): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2809775.

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20

Kintner, Paul M. "Atmospheric Electrodynamics." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 66, no. 34 (1985): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/eo066i034p00606.

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21

Stern, David P. "Substorm electrodynamics." Journal of Geophysical Research 95, A8 (1990): 12057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ja095ia08p12057.

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22

Chapman, Sandra C., and William B. Case. "Core Electrodynamics." American Journal of Physics 70, no. 2 (February 2002): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.1432976.

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23

Shibata, Shinpei. "Pulsar Electrodynamics." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 177 (2000): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100060164.

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AbstractFirst 1 emphasize the magnetospheric loop current system induced by the wind activity. Next, I address the formation of the field-aligned electric field. An interesting aspect is the reaction of the inner magnetosphere to an induced current. In the traditional outer gap, the current running through the gap is all carried by the particles created in the gap. However, if external current-carrying particles are added, the gap moves inward or outward; it can even appear near the star. It is suggested that the gaps appear at various altitudes, depending on the current distribution on field lines, the field line geometry, and the source of the current-carrying particles.For definiteness of sign of charge and current direction,Ω ·μ> 0 is assumed throughout.

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24

Illingworth, A. J. "Atmospheric electrodynamics." Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans 10, no. 3 (December 1986): 265–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-0265(86)90022-9.

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25

Rishbeth, H. "Atmospheric electrodynamics." Planetary and Space Science 33, no. 9 (September 1985): 1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(85)90029-7.

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26

Schwinger, Julian, Lester L. DeRaad, Kimball A. Milton, Wu‐yang Tsai, and Fritz Rohrlich. "Classical Electrodynamics." Physics Today 53, no. 6 (June 2000): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1306377.

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27

Greiner, Walter, and Harvey S. Picker. "Classical Electrodynamics." Physics Today 52, no. 10 (October 1999): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.882870.

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28

Schwinger, Julian, Lester L. DeRaad, Jr., Kimball A. Milton, Wu-yang Tsai, and Jagdish Mehra. "Classical Electrodynamics." American Journal of Physics 68, no. 3 (March 2000): 296–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.19413.

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29

Gogberashvili, M. "Octonionic electrodynamics." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 39, no. 22 (May 16, 2006): 7099–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/39/22/020.

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30

Flato, M., and C. Fronsdal. "Composite electrodynamics." Journal of Geometry and Physics 5, no. 1 (January 1988): 37–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0393-0440(88)90013-7.

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31

Kaiser, Gerald. "Wavelet electrodynamics." Physics Letters A 168, no. 1 (August 1992): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(92)90324-f.

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32

Kaiser, Gerald. "Wavelet Electrodynamics." Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis 1, no. 3 (June 1994): 246–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/acha.1994.1012.

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33

Jancewicz, Bernard. "Premetric Electrodynamics." Advances in Applied Clifford Algebras 18, no. 3-4 (May 27, 2008): 755–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00006-008-0100-0.

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34

Abdraimov, Rakhymzhan Turisbekovich, Torebay Abdurahmanovich Turmambekov, Bayan Saparbekovna Ualikhanova, and Meiramgul Dzheksenbayevna Berdaliyeva. "The Model of Learning Electrodynamics." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 11, no. 11-SPECIAL ISSUE (November 29, 2019): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v11sp11/20192941.

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35

Balart, Leonardo, and Sharmanthie Fernando. "A Smarr formula for charged black holes in nonlinear electrodynamics." Modern Physics Letters A 32, no. 39 (December 21, 2017): 1750219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732317502194.

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It is well known that the Smarr formula does not hold for black holes in nonlinear electrodynamics. The main reason for this is the fact that the trace of the energy–momentum tensor for nonlinear electrodynamics does not vanish as it is for Maxwell’s electrodynamics. Starting from the Komar integral, we derived a new Smarr-type formula for spherically symmetric static electrically charged black hole solutions in nonlinear electrodynamics. We show that this general formula is in agreement with some that are obtained for black hole solutions with nonlinear electrodynamics.

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36

Alpin, Timur Yu, and Alexander B. Balakin. "The Einstein–Maxwell-aether-axion theory: Dynamo-optical anomaly in the electromagnetic response." International Journal of Modern Physics D 25, no. 04 (March 10, 2016): 1650048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271816500486.

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We consider a pp-wave symmetric model in the framework of the Einstein–Maxwell-aether-axion theory. Exact solutions to the equations of axion electrodynamics are obtained for the model, in which pseudoscalar, electric and magnetic fields were constant before the arrival of a gravitational pp-wave. We show that dynamo-optical interactions, i.e. couplings of electromagnetic field to a dynamic unit vector field, attributed to the velocity of a cosmic substratum (aether, vacuum, dark fluid[Formula: see text]), provide the response of axionically active electrodynamic system to display anomalous behavior.

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37

Tomilin A. K. "The principle of organizing an underwater radio communication channel using spherical antennas." Technical Physics 68, no. 3 (2023): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/tp.2023.03.55812.255-22.

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The principle of operation of spherical antennas, which were used in experiments on the transmission of a short-wave radio signal in the marine environment, is theoretically described. A solution of a spherically symmetric electrodynamic problem based on the experimentally found potential component of the magnetic field is proposed. The characteristics of a potential wave process in an electrically conductive medium are determined. The law of transformation of an electromagnetic wave at the "conductor-dielectric" interface has been established. Keywords: generalized electrodynamics, longitudinal electromagnetic waves, potential magnetic field.

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38

Potolea, E. "Electrodynamics in Formulae." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 34, no. 3 (July 1997): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072099703400301.

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I have revised the general theory of physical quantities and I have demonstrated that the system of primary quantities of electrodynamics is as unique as the system of the general laws of physics. I have identified three principles of electrodynamics with which help I have generalized the laws on the assumption of mobile conductors. I have demonstrated that Maxwell's and Lorentz's postulates are theorems of electrodynamics.

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39

Derlet, P. M., H. S. Perlman, and G. J. Troup. "Stimulated Vacuum Pair Production in a Focused Laser Field." Australian Journal of Physics 50, no. 4 (1997): 803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/p96104.

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The quantum electrodynamical process of vacuum pair production in the presence of a focused laser field is investigated. A coherent states picture of the electromagnetic field in the focal region is developed which facilitates its inclusion into perturbative S-matrix quantum electrodynamics. The lowest order differential transition rate with respect to the direction of the newly created positron is presented for a number of scattering geometries. It is found that with current technological trends such an event should be detectable in the not too distant future.

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40

Akhmeteli, Andrey. "Some Classical Models of Particles and Quantum Gauge Theories." Quantum Reports 4, no. 4 (November 3, 2022): 486–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quantum4040035.

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The article contains a review and new results of some mathematical models relevant to the interpretation of quantum mechanics and emulating well-known quantum gauge theories, such as scalar electrodynamics (Klein–Gordon–Maxwell electrodynamics), spinor electrodynamics (Dirac–Maxwell electrodynamics), etc. In these models, evolution is typically described by modified Maxwell equations. In the case of scalar electrodynamics, the scalar complex wave function can be made real by a gauge transformation, the wave function can be algebraically eliminated from the equations of scalar electrodynamics, and the resulting modified Maxwell equations describe the independent evolution of the electromagnetic field. Similar results were obtained for spinor electrodynamics. Three out of four components of the Dirac spinor can be algebraically eliminated from the Dirac equation, and the remaining component can be made real by a gauge transformation. A similar result was obtained for the Dirac equation in the Yang–Mills field. As quantum gauge theories play a central role in modern physics, the approach of this article may be sufficiently general. One-particle wave functions can be modeled as plasma-like collections of a large number of particles and antiparticles. This seems to enable the simulation of quantum phase-space distribution functions, such as the Wigner distribution function, which are not necessarily non-negative.

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41

Gaete, Patricio, and José A. Helayël-Neto. "Remarks on the Static Potential Driven by Vacuum Nonlinearities in D=3 Models." Advances in High Energy Physics 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9146961.

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Within the framework of the gauge-invariant, but path-dependent, variables formalism, we study the manifestations of vacuum electromagnetic nonlinearities in D=3 models. For this we consider both generalized Born-Infeld and Pagels-Tomboulis-like electrodynamics, as well as Euler-Heisenberg-like electrodynamics. We explicitly show that generalized Born-Infeld and Pagels-Tomboulis-like electrodynamics are equivalent, where the static potential profile contains a long-range (1/r2-type) correction to the Coulomb potential. Interestingly enough, for Euler-Heisenberg-like electrodynamics the interaction energy contains a linear potential, leading to the confinement of static charges.

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42

Gaete, Patricio. "Some Remarks on Nonlinear Electrodynamics." Advances in High Energy Physics 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2463203.

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By using the gauge-invariant, but path-dependent, variables formalism, we study both massive Euler-Heisenberg-like and Euler-Heisenberg-like electrodynamics in the approximation of the strong-field limit. It is shown that massive Euler-Heisenberg-type electrodynamics displays the vacuum birefringence phenomenon. Subsequently, we calculate the lowest-order modifications to the interaction energy for both classes of electrodynamics. As a result, for the case of massive Euler-Heisenbeg-like electrodynamics (Wichmann-Kroll), unexpected features are found. We obtain a new long-range (1/r3-type) correction, apart from a long-range(1/r5-type) correction to the Coulomb potential. Furthermore, Euler-Heisenberg-like electrodynamics in the approximation of the strong-field limit (to the leading logarithmic order) displays a long-range (1/r5-type) correction to the Coulomb potential. Besides, for their noncommutative versions, the interaction energy is ultraviolet finite.

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43

Pinto, Fabrizio. "Gravitational Dispersion Forces and Gravity Quantization." Symmetry 13, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13010040.

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The parallel development of the theories of electrodynamical and gravitational dispersion forces reveals important differences. The former arose earlier than the formulation of quantum electrodynamics so that expressions for the unretarded, van der Waals forces were obtained by treating the field as classical. Even after the derivation of quantum electrodynamics, semiclassical considerations continued to play a critical role in the interpretation of the full results, including in the retarded regime. On the other hand, recent predictions about the existence of gravitational dispersion forces were obtained without any consideration that the gravitational field might be fundamentally classical. This is an interesting contrast, as several semiclassical theories of electrodynamical dispersion forces exist although the electromagnetic field is well known to be quantized, whereas no semiclassical theory of gravitational dispersion forces was ever developed although a full quantum theory of gravity is lacking. In the first part of this paper, we explore this evolutionary process from a historical point of view, stressing that the existence of a Casimir effect is insufficient to demonstrate that a field is quantized. In the second part of the paper, we show that the recently published results about gravitational dispersion forces can be obtained without quantizing the gravitational field. This is done first in the unretarded regime by means of Margenau’s treatment of multipole dispersion forces, also obtaining mixed potentials. These results are extended to the retarded regime by generalizing to the gravitational field the approach originally proposed by McLachlan. The paper closes with a discussion of experimental challenges and philosophical implications connected to gravitational dispersion forces.

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44

Man’kin, Isaak. "Elementary Particles’ Electrodynamics." OALib 09, no. 08 (2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1109129.

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45

Lunetta, M. "Manipulation of electrodynamics." Physics Essays 26, no. 3 (September 10, 2013): 388–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-26.3.388.

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In this article, we show how it is possible to manipulate some basic quantities of the electromagnetic field to obtain superluminal velocities. Starting from the inertial force, through the superluminal carrier, we obtain superluminal photon acceleration. As per the luminal case, in the superluminal one the vector S maintains unchanged its modulus ad infinitum in free space by means of the inertial force action. The key of velocity rank consists of the value α, a constant specified in an open interval of the rational numbers.

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46

Fabiano, Nicola. "Quantum electrodynamics divergencies." Vojnotehnicki glasnik 69, no. 3 (2021): 656–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojtehg69-30366.

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Introduction/purpose: The problem of divergencies in Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) is discussed. Methods: The renormalisation group method is employed for dealing with infinities in QED. Results: The integrals in QED giving physical observables are finite. Conclusions: The divergencies in QED can be treated in a consistent way providing mathematical rigorous results.

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47

Sokolovsky and Stupka. "Classical fluctuation electrodynamics." Condensed Matter Physics 8, no. 4 (2005): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.5488/cmp.8.4.685.

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Land, Martin, and Lawrence P. Horwitz. "Offshell quantum electrodynamics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 437 (April 22, 2013): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/437/1/012011.

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Riek, C., P. Sulzer, M. Seeger, A. S. Moskalenko, G. Burkard, D. V. Seletskiy, and A. Leitenstorfer. "Subcycle quantum electrodynamics." Nature 541, no. 7637 (January 2017): 376–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature21024.

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Fitzpatrick, R., and L. Mestel. "Pulsar electrodynamics - I." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 232, no. 2 (May 1, 1988): 277–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/232.2.277.

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