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Journal articles on the topic 'Electroluminescent display systems'
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1
Ivanov, Artem. "Implementation of Flexible Displays for Smart Textiles Using Processes of Printed Electronics." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2019, NOR (2019): 000021–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4491-2019-nor-ivanov.
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Abstract Utilisation of light emitting diodes (LEDs) and printed electroluminescent elements for manufacturing of flexible displays to be integrated in textile items was analysed. The comparative investigation focused on the necessary manufacturing processes, on the architecture of driver electronics, on achievable display brightness, on lifetime expectations and reliability aspects of the systems. Printed electroluminescent display demonstrators were manufactured and integrated in jackets for the currently running field test. Description of the produced systems as well as the results of the comparative analysis are presented.
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PORADA, ZBIGNIEW W. "OPTOELECTRONIC LOGICAL-CIRCUITS CONTROLLED AUTOMOTIVE ELECTROLUMINESCENT DASHBOARD DISPLAY." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 05, no. 01 (1995): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126695000047.
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In modern automotive vehicles, sophisticated measuring systems, which convert and display stored data to the driver, have been used. One of the basic problems is the mode of data transmission to the driver. A general usable mode for transmitting the driver's information is optical signalling which can be realized with the aid of electroluminescent dashboard displays. Automotive electroluminescent dashboard displays applied for data transmission may be controlled by optoelectronic logical circuits which are practically insensitive to electromagnetic interference. The most interesting are memory cells which contain two photoconducting (PC) and two electroluminescent (EL) units. Between a single EL unit and a single PC unit, optical feedback can be provided so that these two units constitute a bistable system. Experimental investigations of the above mentioned units will be presented.
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Rothberg, Lewis J., and Andrew J. Lovinger. "Status of and prospects for organic electroluminescence." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 12 (1996): 3174–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0403.
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We review the device and materials science behind organic electroluminescent diodes made both using discrete evaporable molecules and spin-cast organic polymers. A great deal of progress has been made in improving the efficiencies and spectral properties of organic light-emitting diodes, and these are now adequate for many applications. More work is necessary to understand the stability and degradation of emissive and charge-transporting organics, but some systems have been shown to be stable for 104 hours at display brightness. Major challenges still face the community in terms of developing satisfactory systems design and processing techniques if organic electroluminescence is to realize either performance or economic advantages over technologies and significantly penetrate the display market. We present an analysis of the suitability of organic light-emitting diodes for various applications, and consider the materials and manufacturing obstacles that must be overcome.
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Evsevichev, D. A., O. V. Maksimova, and M. K. Samokhvalov. "Computational experiment of the thin-film electroluminescent display devices applicability in aviation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2056, no. 1 (2021): 012054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2056/1/012054.
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Abstract The development of methods and means of testing the applicability of thin-film electroluminescent indicator devices as displays in aircraft is carried out. Thin-film electroluminescent displays are used in equipment and systems that require high image quality and reliability, as well as a long service life of the devices. The result of the performed work is the ExpAT program, which allows to carry out a computational experiment to test of the applicability of the TFEL indicator devices in aeronautical engineering. As a result of the computational experiment, variants of structures of thin-film emitting structures that meet the operating conditions of indicators in avionics are shown.
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Wang, Jiangxin, and Pooi See Lee. "Progress and Prospects in Stretchable Electroluminescent Devices." Nanophotonics 6, no. 2 (2017): 435–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0002.
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AbstractStretchable electroluminescent (EL) devices are a new form of mechanically deformable electronics that are gaining increasing interests and believed to be one of the essential technologies for next generation lighting and display applications. Apart from the simple bending capability in flexible EL devices, the stretchable EL devices are required to withstand larger mechanical deformations and accommodate stretching strain beyond 10%. The excellent mechanical conformability in these devices enables their applications in rigorous mechanical conditions such as flexing, twisting, stretching, and folding.The stretchable EL devices can be conformably wrapped onto arbitrary curvilinear surface and respond seamlessly to the external or internal forces, leading to unprecedented applications that cannot be addressed with conventional technologies. For example, they are in demand for wide applications in biomedical-related devices or sensors and soft interactive display systems, including activating devices for photosensitive drug, imaging apparatus for internal tissues, electronic skins, interactive input and output devices, robotics, and volumetric displays. With increasingly stringent demand on the mechanical requirements, the fabrication of stretchable EL device is encountering many challenges that are difficult to resolve. In this review, recent progresses in the stretchable EL devices are covered with a focus on the approaches that are adopted to tackle materials and process challenges in stretchable EL devices and delineate the strategies in stretchable electronics. We first introduce the emission mechanisms that have been successfully demonstrated on stretchable EL devices. Limitations and advantages of the different mechanisms for stretchable EL devices are also discussed. Representative reports are reviewed based on different structural and material strategies. Unprecedented applications that have been enabled by the stretchable EL devices are reviewed. Finally, we summarize with our perspectives on the approaches for the stretchable EL devices and our proposals on the future development in these devices.
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Chen, Liu Qing, Chun Yan Sun, Xu Guang Liu, and Bing She Xu. "Synthesis, Electronic States, and Electroluminescent Properties of Aluminum Complex Based on Mixed Ligands with 8-Hydroxyquinolinate and Acetylacetone." Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (August 2011): 358–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.358.
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We report the synthesis, photophysical investigation, computational studies and electroluminescent(EL) properties of an organic electroluminescent material-Bis(8-hydroxyQuino line) acetylacetone aluminum (Alq2A). It is characterized by 1H NMR, IR and elemental analysis techniques. The absorption and fluorescence spectra of various Alq2A systems including solution in ethanol, powder and thin film on quartz (thickness of 50nm) have also been systematically evaluated. Analysis of the electronic structure of Alq2A calculated by quantum chemical calculations reveals a localization of orbital and the distribution of orbital energy. The results from EL experiments indicate that Alq2A has good electron transport properties as compared with tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (Alq3). Thus, Alq2A is considered to be a superior emitter and electron transporting material for display application compared with Alq3.
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Busby, Michael, Luisa De Cola, Gregg S. Kottas, and Zoran Popović. "Assembling Photo- and Electroresponsive Molecules and Nano-Objects." MRS Bulletin 32, no. 7 (2007): 556–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2007.106.
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The self-assembly of small molecules into large, functional nanostructures has led to the construction of supramolecular systems, both in solution and on solid substrates, with defined dimensions that display unique properties through collective interactions, much like natural systems. In this article, we show how one assembles photo- and electroluminescent molecules through coordination chemistry for the purpose of producing novel materials that can be used for displays and lighting applications. In a stepwise process, we discuss the design and synthesis of the components, their spectroscopic behavior, and finally the properties arising from the assembly. We then move from molecules to more complex systems such as zeolite L nano-objects that can be used as nanocontainers and functionalized in different ways. We show how it is possible to organize rods of micron length in a geometrically controlled manner in solution and on surfaces. The assemblies are built by coordinative bonds and are luminescent materials that can be constructed from fluorescent building blocks, with potential applications as optoelectronic materials, in analogy to their molecular counterparts.
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Ballato, John, John S. Lewis, and Paul Holloway. "Display Applications of Rare-Earth-Doped Materials." MRS Bulletin 24, no. 9 (1999): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400053070.
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The human eye places remarkably stringent requirements on the devices we use to illuminate objects or generate images. Exceedingly small deviations in color or contrast from what we consider natural are easily judged by the brain to be fake. Such cognition drives consumer practice, so great efforts have been made for over a century to synthesize emissive materials that match the response functions associated with the human perception of color. This is an extremely difficult task, given the diverse range of considerations, some of which include whether (1) the display is viewed under artificial light or natural sunlight, (2) the images are stationary or moving, and (3) the rendering of depth in a two-dimensional image is believable.Established technologies including cathode-ray tubes (CRTs), vacuum fluorescent displays (VFDs), lamps, and x-ray phosphors have made possible a wide variety of display and imaging devices. However, continued advances are required to increase brightness, contrast, color purity, resolution, lifetime, and viewing angle while still lessening the cost, weight, volume, and power consumption. Mature or emerging technologies that address these issues include thin-film electroluminescent (TFEL) displays, liquid-crystal displays (LCDs),8 field-emission displays (FEDs),9 and plasma displays (PDs).10-12 Each of these technologies uses luminescent materials consisting typically of an activator from which light is emitted and a host for low concentrations of the activator (typically >1% activator). The requirements of the host and activator are discussed in a later section. The luminescent material can exhibit either a narrow emission spectrum, useful for color displays, or a broadband emission, which can extend into multiple colors. In addition, with multiple activator/host combinations, a luminescent material can emit several colors and even white light. While LCDs are light valves, which may be used in a reflective mode and therefore do not require a luminescent material, low-light situations require a backlight generated by a luminescent material. Many of the most versatile, efficient activators are rare-earth (RE) elements, for reasons that will be discussed. The ability of RE ions to emit red, green, and blue light make them well suited for application in visible-display technologies. This article reviews dopant and host material systems, excitation mechanisms, and the factors that limit the achievable luminescent intensity and efficiency. Device configurations for modern displays are discussed, as are materials and structures for next-generation technologies. Since each display technology has different performance and operational requirements, only the basic characteristics will be discussed here to enable an appreciation of emission from RE activators. References to the literature are supplied to further direct the reader to more in-depth discussions.
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Xiong, Wenjing, Cheng Zhang, Yuanyuan Fang, Mingsheng Peng, and Wei Sun. "Progresses and Perspectives of Near-Infrared Emission Materials with “Heavy Metal-Free” Organic Compounds for Electroluminescence." Polymers 15, no. 1 (2022): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15010098.
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Organic/polymer light-emitting diodes (OLEDs/PLEDs) have attracted a rising number of investigations due to their promising applications for high-resolution fullcolor displays and energy-saving solid-state lightings. Near-infrared (NIR) emitting dyes have gained increasing attention for their potential applications in electroluminescence and optical imaging in optical tele-communication platforms, sensing and medical diagnosis in recent decades. And a growing number of people focus on the “heavy metal-free” NIR electroluminescent materials to gain more design freedom with cost advantage. This review presents recent progresses in conjugated polymers and organic molecules for OLEDs/PLEDs according to their different luminous mechanism and constructing systems. The relationships between the organic fluorophores structures and electroluminescence properties are the main focus of this review. Finally, the approaches to enhance the performance of NIR OLEDs/PLEDs are described briefly. We hope that this review could provide a new perspective for NIR materials and inspire breakthroughs in fundamental research and applications.
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Kamnoy, Manlika, Kamonpan Pengpat, Tawee Tunkasiri, Orawan Khamman, Uraiwan Intatha, and Sukum Eitssayeam. "Investigating the Thermo-Optic Properties of BCZT-Based Temperature Sensors." Materials 16, no. 14 (2023): 5202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16145202.
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Photoluminescent (PL) layers and electroluminescent (EL) systems have gained significant attention for their applications in constructing flat panels, screen monitors, and lighting systems. In this study, we present a groundbreaking approach to fabricating temperature sensors using barium-calcium zirconium titanate (BCZT) with thermo-optic properties, leading to the development of opto-thermal sensors for electric vehicle battery packs. We prepared zinc sulfide (ZnS) fluorescent films on BCZT ceramics, specifically two optimal compositions, BCZT0.85 (Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3) and BCZT0.9 (Ba0.9Ca0.1Zr0.1Ti0.9O3), via the solid-state reaction method for the dielectric layer. The BCZT powders were calcined at varying temperatures (1200 and 1250 °C) and dwell times (2 and 4 h). The resulting phase formation and microstructure characteristics were analyzed using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Our investigation aimed to establish a correlation between the dielectric behavior and optical properties to determine the optimal composition and conditions for utilizing BCZT as thermal detectors in electric vehicle battery packs. All BCZT powders exhibited a tetragonal phase, as confirmed by JCPDS No. 01-079-2265. We observed an increase in the dielectric constant with higher calcining temperatures or longer dwell times. Remarkably, BCZT0.85 ceramic sintered at 1250 °C for 4 h displayed the highest dielectric constant of 15,342, establishing this condition as optimal for preparing the dielectric film with a maximum dielectric constant of 42. Furthermore, we investigated the temperature-dependent electroluminescence intensity of the samples, revealing a significant enhancement with increasing temperature, reaching its peak at 80 °C. Additionally, we observed a positive correlation between electroluminescence intensity and dielectric constant, indicating the potential for improved opto-thermal sensors. The findings from this study offer promising opportunities for the development of advanced opto-thermal sensors with potential applications in electric vehicle battery packs. Our work contributes to the expanding field of photoluminescent and electroluminescent systems by providing novel insights into the design and optimization of efficient and reliable sensors for thermal monitoring in electric vehicle technologies.
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Zhang, Shaochun, Changming Qu, Yu Xiao, Hanyun Liu, Guofeng Song, and Yun Xu. "Flexible alternating current electroluminescent devices integrated with high voltage triboelectric nanogenerators." Nanoscale 14, no. 11 (2022): 4244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nr08203e.
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Self-powered flexible ACEL devices could be powered by high output voltage TENG, which introduced crumpled microstructures on the surface. The TENG-ACEL system has significant potential for wearable displays and self-powered monitoring systems.
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Chandra, V. K., B. P. Chandra, and Piyush Jha. "Organic Light - Emitting Diodes and their Applications." Defect and Diffusion Forum 357 (July 2014): 29–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.357.29.
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Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been the focus of intense study since the late 1980s, when the low voltage organic electroluminescence in small organic molecules such as Alq3, and large organic molecules such as polymers (PPV), was reported. Since that time, research has continued to demonstrate the potential of OLEDs as viable systems for displays and eco-friendly lighting applications. OLEDs offer full colour display, reduced manufacturing cost, larger viewing angle, more flexible, lower power consumption, better contrast, slimmer, etc. which help in replacing the other technologies such as LCD. The operation of OLEDs involves injection of charge carriers into organic semiconducting layers, recombination of charge carriers, formation of singlet and triplet excitons, and emission of light during decay of excitons. The maximum internal quantum efficiency of fluorescent OLEDs consisting of the emissive layer of fluorescent organic material is 25% because in this case only the 25% singlet excitons can emit light. The maximum internal quantum efficiency of phosphorescent OLEDs consisting of the emissive layer of fluorescent organic material mixed with phosphorescent material of heavy metal complexes such as platinum complexes, iridium complexes, etc. is nearly 100% because in this case both the 25% singlet excitons and 75% triplet excitons emit light. Recently, a new class of OLEDs based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) has been reported, in which the energy gap between the singlet and triplet excited states is minimized by design, thereby promoting highly efficient spin up-conversion from non-radiative triplet states to radiative singlet states while maintaining high radiative decay rates of more than 106decays per second. These molecules harness both singlet and triplet excitons for light emission through fluorescence decay channels and provides an intrinsic fluorescence efficiency in excess of 90 per cent and a very high external electroluminescence efficiency of more than 19 per cent, which is comparable to that achieved in high-efficiency phosphorescence-based OLEDs.The OLED technology can be used to make screens large enough for laptop, cell phones, desktop computers, televisions, etc. OLED materials could someday be applied to plastic and other materials to create wall-size video panels, roll-up screens for laptops, automotive displays, and even head wearable displays. Presently, the OLEDs are opening up completely new design possibilities for lighting in the world of tomorrow whereby the offices and living rooms could be illuminated by lighting panels on the ceiling. The present paper describes the salient features of OLEDs and discusses the applications of OLEDs in displays and solid state lighting devices. Finally, the challenges in the field of OLEDs are explored. Contents of Paper
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Chang, Jui-Fen, and Jia-Min Yu. "High-Performance Vertical Light-Emitting Transistors Based on ZnO Transistor/Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diode Integration and Electron Injection Layer Modification." Micromachines 14, no. 10 (2023): 1933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14101933.
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Vertical light-emitting transistors (VLETs) consisting of vertically stacked unipolar transistors and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been proposed as a prospective building block for display technologies. In addition to OLEDs, quantum-dot (QD) LEDs (QLEDs) with high brightness and high color purity have also become attractive light-emitting devices for display applications. However, few studies have attempted to integrate QLEDs into VLETs, as this not only involves technical issues such as compatible solution process of QDs and fine patterning of electrodes in multilayer stacked geometries but also requires a high driving current that is demanding on transistor design. Here we show that these integration issues of QLEDs can be addressed by using inorganic transistors with robust processability and high mobility, such as the studied ZnO transistor, which facilitates simple fabrication of QD VLETs (QVLETs) with efficient emission in the patterned channel area, suitable for high-resolution display applications. We perform a detailed optimization of QVLET by modifying ZnO:polyethylenimine nanocomposite as the electron injection layer (EIL) between the integrated ZnO transistor/QLED, and achieve the highest external quantum efficiency of ~3% and uniform emission in the patterned transistor channel. Furthermore, combined with a systematic study of corresponding QLEDs, electron-only diodes, and electroluminescence images, we provide a deeper understanding of the effect of EIL modification on current balance and distribution, and thus on QVLET performance.
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Phuc Dang, Huu, Bui Van Hien, and Nguyen Le Thai. "Study of phosphor Ba2Si3O8:Eu2+ to produce WLED devices with support from ZnCdSe/ZnSe quantum dot." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 28, no. 2 (2022): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v28.i2.pp729-734.
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We created the blue-green Ba2Si3O8:Eu2+ (or BaE) phosphor treated with Eu2+ using the standard solid-state method with the concentration of Eu as well as heating temperature properly adjusted for the maximum luminescence efficacy. It is possible to excite the said phosphor using near-UV (n-UV) wavelengths and to display its wide emission band, which is the 5d => 4f shift for Eu2+, caused by the combination of the Eu activator and the nearby host. We integrated the said phosphor with the n-UV LED to create the pc-LED (short for diodes based on conversion phosphor). For the task of creating the WLED device that yields significant color rendering index, we combined the orange ZnCdSe/ZnSe quantum dot with a distinctive sheet structure for the pc-LED made with phosphor BaE. This research demonstrates the electroluminescence features of the said elements.
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Cinquino, Marco, Carmela Prontera, Marco Pugliese, et al. "Light-Emitting Textiles: Device Architectures, Working Principles, and Applications." Micromachines 12, no. 6 (2021): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12060652.
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E-textiles represent an emerging technology aiming toward the development of fabric with augmented functionalities, enabling the integration of displays, sensors, and other electronic components into textiles. Healthcare, protective clothing, fashion, and sports are a few examples application areas of e-textiles. Light-emitting textiles can have different applications: sensing, fashion, visual communication, light therapy, etc. Light emission can be integrated with textiles in different ways: fabricating light-emitting fibers and planar light-emitting textiles or employing side-emitting polymer optical fibers (POFs) coupled with light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Different kinds of technology have been investigated: alternating current electroluminescent devices (ACELs), inorganic and organic LEDs, and light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs). The different device working principles and architectures are discussed in this review, highlighting the most relevant aspects and the possible approaches for their integration with textiles. Regarding POFs, the methodology to obtain side emissions and the critical aspects for their integration into textiles are discussed in this review. The main applications of light-emitting fabrics are illustrated, demonstrating that LEDs, alone or coupled with POFs, represent the most robust technology. On the other hand, OLEDs (Organic LEDs) are very promising for the future of light-emitting fabrics, but some issues still need to be addressed.
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Ricci, Pier Carlo. "Assessment of Crystalline Materials for Solid State Lighting Applications: Beyond the Rare Earth Elements." Crystals 10, no. 7 (2020): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10070559.
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In everyday life, we are continually exposed to different lighting systems, from the home interior to car lights and from public lighting to displays. The basic emission principles on which they are based range from the old incandescent lamps to the well-established compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) and to the more modern Light Emitting Diode (LEDs) that are dominating the actual market and also promise greater development in the coming years. In the LED technology, the key point is the electroluminescence material, but the fundamental role of proper phosphors is sometimes underestimated even when it is essential for an ideal color rendering. In this review, we analyze the main solid-state techniques for lighting applications, paying attention to the fundamental properties of phosphors to be successfully applied. Currently, the most widely used materials are based on rare-earth elements (REEs) whereas Ce:YAG represents the benchmark for white LEDs. However, there are several drawbacks to the REEs’ supply chain and several concerns from an environmental point of view. We analyze these critical issues and review alternative materials that can overcome their use. New compounds with reduced or totally REE free, quantum dots, metal–organic framework, and organic phosphors will be examined with reference to the current state-of-the-art.
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Yoo, Jisu, Shi Li, Dae-Hyeong Kim, Jiwoong Yang, and Moon Kee Choi. "Material and Design Strategies for Stretchable Electroluminescent Devices." Nanoscale Horizons, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2nh00158f.
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Stretchable displays have recently received increasing attention as input and/or output interfaces for the next-generation human-friendly electronic systems. A core component of the stretchable display is the stretchable electroluminescent (EL)...
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Delgado, Gildardo R., Howard W. H. Lee, and Khashayar Pakbaz. "Blue Electroluminescent Devices Fabricated from Silicon and Germanium Nanocrystals." MRS Proceedings 471 (1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-471-263.
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ABSTRACTBlue electroluminescent (EL) devices were fabricated with Si nanocrystals produced by ultrasonic fracturing of porous silicon (PSi) as well as silicon and germanium nanocrystals synthesized through a control chemical reaction. The active EL material consists of Si and Ge nanocrystals embedded in various host matrices such as polyvinylcarbazole (PVK), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), silica sol-gels and other organic polymers and small organic molecules. Several device configurations were used to induce EL processes that rely on radiative electron-hole recombination within the nanocrystals. We report on the optical and electrical properties of these devices. Applications for these EL devices include highly efficient light emitting devices. The cost and ease of processing of these material systems make them potentially ideal for flat panel display applications.
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Luo, Ziqing, Wenfu Chen, Mengnan Lai, et al. "Fully Printable and Reconfigurable Hufu‐type Electroluminescent Devices for Visualized Encryption." Advanced Materials, February 13, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.202313909.
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AbstractHufu, serving as evidence of imperial authorization in ancient China, comprises two parts in the form of tiger‐shaped tallies that only become effective when matched. Drawing inspiration from the concept of Hufu, a reconfigurable electroluminescent (EL) device is designed by separating conventional integral devices into two parts that contain the EL layer (part A) and the transparent electrode (part B), respectively. The key to realizing such strategy is employing an adhesive and stretchable polymer gel composite as the transparent electrodes for the EL devices. The polymer gel composite facilitates robust yet reversible contact between the EL layer and the transparent electrode, enabling high‐performance and stretchable EL devices that can be readily disassembled and reassembled: the EL devices can maintain ∼ 81% of their initial luminance after 1000 times of repeated disassembly and reassembly. Moreover, the precursor ink of the polymer gel composite is compatible with a wide variety of coating and printing technologies, such as spin‐coating, inkjet printing, dispensing, and brush painting. Importantly, the reconfigurable feature of the devices opens up a new path to encryption display systems, and as a proof‐of‐concept, EL encrypted password and content‐changeable digital clock are demonstrated.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
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Zhu, Chengyun, Lina Liu, Xiaolong Yang, Guijiang Zhou, and Yuanhui Sun. "The molecular design and electroluminescent performance of near‐infrared (NIR) iridium(Ⅲ) complexes bearing isoquinoline‐, phenazine‐ and phthalazine‐based ligands." ChemPhysChem, June 20, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphc.202400232.
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Near‐infrared (NIR) light has characteristics of invisibility to human eyes, less background interference, low light scattering, and strong cell penetration. Therefore, NIR luminescent materials have significant applications in imaging, sensing, energy, information storage and display. The development of NIR luminescent materials thus has emerged as a highly dynamic area of research in the realm of contemporary materials. To date, NIR luminescent materials are roughly divided into inorganic materials and organic materials. Compared with inorganic materials, organic NIR luminescent materials have become a hot research topic in recent years due to their rich sources, easy control of structure, simple preparation process, low cost, and good film‐forming properties. Among them, iridium(III) [Ir(III)] complexes exhibit excellent properties such as thermal stability, simple synthesis, easy color modulation, short excited state lifetimes, and high brightness, thus becoming one of the ideal luminescent material systems for preparing high‐quality organic light‐emitting diodes. Therefore, how to obtain Ir(III) complexes with NIR emission and high efficiency through molecular design is a necessary and promising research topic. This work reviews the research progress of representative NIR Ir(III) complexes bearing isoquinoline‐, phenazine‐, and phthalazine‐based ligands reported in recent years and introduces the design strategies and electroluminescent performances of NIR Ir(III) complexes.
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Tompa, G. S., D. C. Morton, B. S. Sywe, et al. "UV-Visible-IR Electroluminescence from Si and Ge Nanocrystals in a Wider Bandgap Matrix." MRS Proceedings 358 (1994). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-358-701.
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ABSTRACTThe demonstration of photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) in nanostructures of Si or Ge, such as those found in porous silicon, has significantly improved the prospects of all Si based photonic devices. While the physical mechanisms at work are still a subject of much study, it is clear that the luminescence is associated with the formation of nanometer or “quantum” sized particles. Further, it is clear that prototype NanoCrystal Displays (NCDs) and communication devices are being fabricated in these material systems. We report here on the electroluminescent properties of nanometer sized particles in an SiO2 host matrix, which were fabricated by LPCVD techniques. The films have demonstrated reproducible emission from well below 400 nm to well above 800 nm. We believe that dispersion effects of the nanocrystals can account for "white" light emission. The films have been characterized using PL, Raman, XRD, TEM, and SIMS. The nanocrystals are primarily in the 2-7 nm range although larger crystal clusters are also observed. The development of stable and efficient Si or Ge nanocrystalline EL based devices could find applications in lamps/LEDs, photonic integrated circuits, and displays.
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Song, Hayoung, Young Jin Song, Jinwook Hong, et al. "Water stable and matrix addressable OLED fiber textiles for wearable displays with large emission area." npj Flexible Electronics 6, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41528-022-00199-z.
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AbstractOrganic light-emitting diode (OLED) fibers with favorable electroluminescence properties and interconnectable pixel configurations have represented the potential for wearable electronic textile displays. Nevertheless, the current technology of OLED fiber-based textile displays still leaves to be desired due to several challenges, including limited emission area and lack of encapsulation systems. Here we present a fibrous OLED textile display that can attain a large emission area and long-term stability by implementing addressable networks comprised of integrated phosphorescence OLED fibers and by designing multilayer encapsulations. The integrated fiber configuration offers decoupled functional fiber surfaces for an interconnectable 1-dimensional OLED pixel array and a data-addressing conductor. Tailored triadic metal/ultrathin oxide/polymer multilayer enables not only the oxygen/water permeation inhibition but also the controllable conductive channels of dielectric antifuses. Together with reliable bending stability, the long-term operation of OLED textiles in water manifests the feasibility of the present device concept toward water-resistant full-emitting-area fibrous textile displays.
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Yu, Yongjie, Haibo Xu, Enhai Song, et al. "Electroluminescence, Mechanoluminescence, and Triboelectric from Superior Multimode Systems Based on Flexible Hydrogels for Human Motion Sensing." Advanced Materials Technologies, December 31, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admt.202301628.
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AbstractFlexible sensors have attracted extensive research interest due to their great application potential in biodetection, flexible display, and wearable devices. However, they still have a lot of room for improvement in terms of luminous color, flexibility, and self‐powered systems. A wearable, antifreeze, and discoloration sensing system based on electroluminescence, mechanoluminescence, and tribo‐power generation is developed in this paper. Triboelectric nanogenerator systems can harvest biomechanical energy from hand clapping and knee/elbow bending to generate real‐time electrical signals. The use of dielectric materials reduces the initial voltage and frequency of light‐emitting devices, enabling them to be driven by Triboelectric nanogenerators. At the same time, the device can produce red, blue, white, and other multicolor light. In addition, the system can produce an optical signal output due to external mechanical stimulation. As a result, the sensor system is simple to manufacture and unique to operate, proving its potential applications in areas such as cold‐resistant displays, wearable optoelectronics, soft robotics, and electronic skin.
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Ji, Junpeng, Igor F. Perepichka, Junwu Bai, et al. "Three-phase electric power driven electoluminescent devices." Nature Communications 12, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20265-2.
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AbstractCurrent power supply networks across the world are mostly based on three-phase electrical systems as an efficient and economical way for generation, transmission and distribution of electricity. Now, many electrically driven devices are relying on direct current or single-phase alternating current power supply that complicates utilization of three-phase power supply by requiring additional elements and costly switching mechanisms in the circuits. For example, light-emitting devices, which are now widely used for displays, solid-state lighting etc. typically operate with direct current power sources, although single-phase alternating current driven light-emitting devices have also gained significant attention in the recent years. Yet, light-emitting devices directly driven by a three-phase electric power has never been reported before. Benefiting from our precious work on coplanar electrodes structured light-emitting devices, in this article we demonstrate proof of a concept that light-emitting components can be driven by three-phase electric power without utilizing intricate back-end circuits and can compose state detection sensors and pixel units in a single device inspiring from three primary colors. Here we report a three-phase electric power driven electroluminescent devices fabricated featuring of flexibility and multi-functions. The design consists of three coplanar electrodes with dielectric layer(s) and light emission layer(s) coated on a top of input electrodes. It does not require transparent electrodes for electrical input and the light emission occurs when the top light-emitting layers are connected through a polar bridge. We demonstrate some applications of our three-phase electric power driven electroluminescent devices to realize pixel units, interactive rewritable displays and optical-output sensors. Furthermore, we also demonstrate the applicability of three-phase electrical power source to drive organic light-emitting devices with red, green and blue-emitting pixels and have shown high luminance (up to 6601 cd/m2) and current efficiency (up to 16.2 cd/A) from fabricated three-phase organic light-emitting devices. This novel geometry and driving method for electroluminescent devices is scalable and can be utilized even in a wider range of other types of light-emitting devices and special units.
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Kim, Yong Min, Jin Han Kwon, Seonho Kim, U. Hyeok Choi, and Hong Chul Moon. "Ion-cluster-mediated ultrafast self-healable ionoconductors for reconfigurable electronics." Nature Communications 13, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31553-4.
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AbstractImplementing self-healing capabilities in a deformable platform is one of the critical challenges for achieving future wearable electronics with high durability and reliability. Conventional systems are mostly based on polymeric materials, so their self-healing usually proceeds at elevated temperatures to promote chain flexibility and reduce healing time. Here, we propose an ion-cluster-driven self-healable ionoconductor composed of rationally designed copolymers and ionic liquids. After complete cleavage, the ionoconductor can be repaired with high efficiency (∼90.3%) within 1 min even at 25 °C, which is mainly attributed to the dynamic formation of ion clusters between the charged moieties in copolymers and ionic liquids. By taking advantages of the superior self-healing performance, stretchability (∼1130%), non-volatility (over 6 months), and ability to be easily shaped as desired through cutting and re-assembly protocol, reconfigurable, deformable light-emitting electroluminescent displays are successfully demonstrated as promising electronic platforms for future applications.
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Liang, Lu, Cheng Qu, Xiangyu Fan, et al. "Carbonyl‐ and Nitrogen‐Embedded Multi‐Resonance Emitter with Ultra‐Pure Green Emission and High Electroluminescence Efficiencies." Angewandte Chemie International Edition, December 7, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202316710.
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Multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) emitters with narrow emission spectra have garnered significant attention in future organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) displays. However, current C=O/N‐embedded MR‐TADF systems still lack satisfactory performance in terms of electroluminescence bandwidths and external quantum efficiencies (EQEs). In this study, a C=O/N‐embedded green MR‐TADF emitter, featuring two acridone units incorporated in a sterically protected 11‐ring fused core skeleton, is successfully synthesized through finely controlling the reaction selectivity. The superior combination of multiple intramolecular fusion and steric wrapping strategies in the design of the emitter not only imparts an extremely narrow emission spectrum and a high fluorescence quantum yield to the emitter but also mitigates aggregation‐induced spectral broadening and fluorescence quenching. Therefore, the emitter exhibits leading green OLED performance among C=O/N‐based MR‐TADF systems, achieving an EQE of up to 37.2%, a full width at half maximum of merely 0.11 eV (24 nm), and a Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage coordinate of (0.20, 0.73). This study marks a significant advance in the realization of ideal C=O/N‐based MR‐TADF emitters and holds profound implications for the design and synthesis of other MR‐TADF systems.
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Liang, Lu, Cheng Qu, Xiangyu Fan, et al. "Carbonyl‐ and Nitrogen‐Embedded Multi‐Resonance Emitter with Ultra‐Pure Green Emission and High Electroluminescence Efficiencies." Angewandte Chemie, December 7, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.202316710.
Full textAbstract:
Multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) emitters with narrow emission spectra have garnered significant attention in future organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) displays. However, current C=O/N‐embedded MR‐TADF systems still lack satisfactory performance in terms of electroluminescence bandwidths and external quantum efficiencies (EQEs). In this study, a C=O/N‐embedded green MR‐TADF emitter, featuring two acridone units incorporated in a sterically protected 11‐ring fused core skeleton, is successfully synthesized through finely controlling the reaction selectivity. The superior combination of multiple intramolecular fusion and steric wrapping strategies in the design of the emitter not only imparts an extremely narrow emission spectrum and a high fluorescence quantum yield to the emitter but also mitigates aggregation‐induced spectral broadening and fluorescence quenching. Therefore, the emitter exhibits leading green OLED performance among C=O/N‐based MR‐TADF systems, achieving an EQE of up to 37.2%, a full width at half maximum of merely 0.11 eV (24 nm), and a Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage coordinate of (0.20, 0.73). This study marks a significant advance in the realization of ideal C=O/N‐based MR‐TADF emitters and holds profound implications for the design and synthesis of other MR‐TADF systems.
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Konthoujam, James Singh, Yen-Shou Lin, Ya-Hui Chang, et al. "Dynamical characteristics of AC-driven hybrid WSe2 monolayer/AlGaInP quantum wells light-emitting device." Discover Nano 18, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11671-023-03920-7.
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AbstractThe exploration of functional light-emitting devices and numerous optoelectronic applications can be accomplished on an elegant platform provided by rapidly developing transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). However, TMDCs-based light emitting devices encounter certain serious difficulties, such as high resistance losses from ohmic contacts or the need for complex heterostructures, which restricts the device applications. Despite the fact that AC-driven light emitting devices have developed ways to overcome these challenges, there is still a significant demand for multiple wavelength emission from a single device, which is necessary for full color light emitting devices. Here, we developed a dual-color AC-driven light-emitting device by integrating the WSe2 monolayer and AlGaInP–GaInP multiple quantum well (MQW) structures in the form of capacitor structure using AlOx insulating layer between the two emitters. In order to comprehend the characteristics of the hybrid device under various driving circumstances, we investigate the frequency-dependent EL intensity of the hybrid device using an equivalent RC circuit model. The time-resolved electroluminescence (TREL) characteristics of the hybrid device were analyzed in details to elucidate the underlying physical mechanisms governing its performance under varying applied frequencies. This dual-color hybrid light-emitting device enables the use of 2-D TMDC-based light emitters in a wider range of applications, including broad-band LEDs, quantum display systems, and chip-scale optoelectronic integrated systems. Graphical Abstract
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Baek, Seung‐Hyun, Jeong Yong Park, Seung‐Je Woo, et al. "Synergistic Enhancement of Emitting Dipole Orientation between Pt‐Based Phosphorescent Sensitizers and Boron‐Based Multi‐Resonance Fluorescent Emitters for High‐Performance Phosphor‐Sensitized Fluorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes." Small Structures, February 16, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sstr.202300564.
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Phosphor‐sensitized fluorescent (PSF) organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) emerge as an attractive solution for realizing high‐performance displays with high color purity, meeting the Broadcast Television 2020 (BT.2020) requirements, by fully harnessing the benefits of both phosphorescent and fluorescent emitters. Herein, the synergistic effect of a Pt sensitizer and a boron (B)‐based multi‐resonance (MR)‐fluorescent emitter are introduced to enhance the efficiency of blue‐emitting PSF–OLEDs. Notably, it is confirmed that the interaction between the empty pz orbital in the boron atom of the MR emitter and the unpaired electrons in the dz2 orbital of the Pt emitter plays a crucial role. The combination results in an enhancement of the horizontal emitting dipole orientation (EDO) to 81%, a marked improvement compared to the individual components of Pt phosphor (69%) or MR emitter (78%). The synergistic approach leads to the realization of high‐performance blue‐emitting PSF‐OLEDs with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 25%, a peak intensity at 465 nm in the electroluminescence spectrum, and a full width at half maximum of 29 nm, achieved by enhancing the outcoupling. In these findings, insight is provided into design strategies for developing PSF systems based on Pt sensitizer and B‐terminal emitter to achieve efficient energy transfer as well as improved EDO.
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Sibley, W. A., D. C. Yeh, Y. Suzuki, G. J. Quarles, and R. C. Powell. "Heavy Metal Fluoride Glasses for Optical Applications." MRS Proceedings 61 (1985). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-61-239.
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ABSTRACTGreat progress has been made in optical device technology over the past decade. This progress brings a host of new services which include voice, data and visual communications. The realization of low loss optical fibers which give rise to long distance optical communication and the growth in information processing through computer technology will lead to an accelerating growth in the utilization of light guides and light wave communication systems. Heavy metal fluoride glasses have proved to be excellent hosts for both rare earth and 3d transition metal ions. In addition, their potential as light guides is at present unexcelled. This glass is especially promising for optical display devices, laser hosts, and electroluminescence panels. Numerous defects and impurities can be incorporated in the glass which absorb or emit light. Through optical studies of rare earth ions such as Er3+, Ho3+, Nd3+ and Pr3+ it is possible to investigate the multiphonon emission rate for optical transitions in the heavy metal fluoride materials. It is found that these particular materials have a much lower multiphonon rate than oxide glasses. This makes them attractive for room temperature devices. When 3d transition metal ions are incorporated into heavy metal fluoride glasses, the optical properties are similar in many cases to those in crystals. Inhomogeneous broadening of the absorption and emission bands occurs in the glass, but the lifetimes and oscillator strengths of the transitions in glass and crystals are of the same magnitude. Radiation damage of glasses can be detrimental to long range optical communication. It is found that the heavy metal fluoride glasses damage by the photochemical mechanism which is also dominant in highly ionic materials. Optical absorption and electron spin resonance measurements have been utilized to identify the types of radiation induced defects in these materials.