Relevant bibliographies by topics / Electrolyte abnormalities

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Academic literature on the topic 'Electrolyte abnormalities'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 16 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Electrolyte abnormalities"

1

Numabe, Atsushi. "Electrolyte Abnormalities." Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 101, no. 6 (2012): 1698–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/naika.101.1698.

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Islam, Md Saiful, Manisha Banerjee, Tafazzal Hossain Khan, et al. "Pattern of Electrolyte Abnormalities in Preterm Low Birth Weight Neonates." Journal of Dhaka Medical College 29, no. 2 (2021): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v29i2.51189.

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Prematurity and low birth weight contributes to 27.8% of neonatal deaths in rural areas of Bangladesh. Fluid, electrolyte and metabolic abnormalities are the commonest derangements encountered in preterm infants due to their renal immaturity and relatively immature skin. Premature infant are at increased risk of developing dehydration or overhydration4. Therefore, high index of suspicion, prompt recognition and thorough understanding of common electrolyte abnormalities are necessary to improve neonatal outcome. Appropriate fluid and electrolyte management is essential for better neonatal outcome.
 Objectives: To identify the serum electrolytes abnormalities in preterm low birth weight neonates.
 Methodology: It was a cross- sectional study and carried out in the Department of Neonatology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka between January 2017 to August 2017. Information was collected who gave consent and participated in the study willingly. The sample size was 50. Patients admitted in the above mentioned hospital and after meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria a simple random sampling technique was applied for selecting the study subjects.
 Results: Fifty preterm LBW neonates fulfilling the inclusion criteria were studied during this study period. Abnormal electrolytes were documented in 20(40%) out of 50 preterm LBW neonates and electrolyte status was normal in 30(60.0%) cases. Of 20 neonates who had abnormal electrolytes, hyperkalemia was the predominant electrolyte abnormality found in 8(16.0%) neonates, hyponatremia was found in 7(14.0%), hypokalemia in 3(6.0%) and hypernatremia 2(4.0%).
 Conclusion: Electrolyte abnormalities are common in preterm LBW neonates. So, identification of electrolyte abnormalities and proper management of fluid and electrolytes and close monitoring are important.
 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 29, No.2, October, 2020, Page 145-148
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Tuladhar, ET, V. Pant, B. Aryal, et al. "Does serum magnesium analysis need to be a part of routine dyselectrolytemia investigation?" Journal of Institute of Medicine Nepal 39, no. 2 (2017): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.59779/jiomnepal.927.

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Introduction: The fourth most abundant cation in the body and the second most prevalent intracellular cation, magnesium (Mg) is a co-factor for over 300 enzymes. Though magnesium abnormalities frequently accompany other electrolytes abnormalities, during electrolyte investigation, magnesium estimation is often overlooked. This study aims to investigate the occurrence of magnesium abnormalities in serum samples sent, for routine electrolyte measurement like sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus, to the biochemistry laboratory of Tribhuvan University teaching hospital. Methods: Serum magnesium measurement was done in 799 serum samples ordered for various electrolyte estimation. Magnesium, Calcium and phosphorus present in sample was analyzed by BT 3500 machine spectrophotometrically. Sodium and potassium ions were analyzed by direct ion selective electrode method. Results: Only 14(1.75%) samples were requested by physician for magnesium estimation out of total 799 samples sent for various electrolyte estimation. When all 799 samples were analyzed for magnesium level, magnesium abnormalities were identified in 76(9.5%), out of which hypermagnesemia was found in 22 (2.75%) and hypomagnesemia in 54 (6.76%) samples. Conclusion: Since, significant numbers of patient's serum sample, sent for estimation of various electrolytes, are found to have magnesium abnormalities, we recommend routine measurement of this analyte along with other electrolytes.
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SCIARRA, MARIO, FRANCO CAVALIERE, SIMONE BRADARIOLO, RODOLFO PROIETTI, and SERGIO I. MAGALINI. "ERYTHROCYTE ELECTROLYTE ABNORMALITIES." Critical Care Medicine 15, no. 11 (1987): 1006–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-198711000-00003.

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Saini, Shubham. "ASSOCIATION OF SERUM ELECTROLYTE CHANGES WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME: A NARRATIVE REVIEW." Era's Journal of Medical Research 11, no. 2 (2024): 199–209. https://doi.org/10.24041/ejmr2024.34.

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This review article looks at the function of serum electrolytes in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and how they affect the course of treatment for patients. The goal is to comprehend how abnormalities in major electrolytes, including as potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium, impact heart function and raise the risk of death and morbidity in individuals with ACS. This study aims to evaluate the electrolyte abnormalities in ACS, as well as their clinical importance. The process include a thorough analysis of previous research, with an emphasis on data gleaned from several sources using specific search phrases associated with serum electrolytes and ACS. With an emphasis on the results of correctional treatments, the study assesses the relationship between electrolyte levels and clinical outcomes. The findings show that increased rates of death and morbidity are associated with electrolyte abnormalities, which are frequent in ACS. In order to enhance patient outcomes, these imbalances must be properly managed. To sum up, prompt electrolyte monitoring and correction are essential for improving survival and lowering complications in individuals suffering from acute coronary syndrome.
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Chowdhury, Abu Sayeed, Md Ekhlasur Rahman, Farhana Hossain, et al. "Association of Serum Electrolyte Abnormalities in Preterm Low Birth Weight Neonates." Faridpur Medical College Journal 14, no. 1 (2020): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v14i1.46164.

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Despite decline in under five mortality in the last few decades, neonatal mortality rate has not changed substantially. A large number of these newborn are premature or low birth weight. Premature infants are at increased risk of developing dehydration or overhydration. Therefore, high index of suspicion, prompt recognition and thorough understanding of common electrolyte abnormalities are necessary to improve neonatal outcome. It seems to be essential for immediate management for planning appropriate fluid and electrolyte therapy and thereby for improved outcome. To study the electrolytes abnormalities in preterm low birth weight neonates information were collected who gave consent and participated in the study willingly. Duration of data collection was approximately 6 (Six) months. Patients admitted to the Dhaka Medical College Hospital and after meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria a simple random sampling technique was applied for selecting the sample patients. Total 50 preterm LBW neonates fulfilling the inclusion criteria were studied during this study period. Abnormal electrolytes were documented in 20(40%) preterm LBW neonates of which hyperkalemia was the predominant electrolyte abnormality found in 8(16.0%) neonates, hyponatremia was found in 7 (14.0%), hypokalemia in 3 (6.0%) and hypernatremia in 2 (4.0%). It was observed that electrolyte abnormalities are common in preterm LBW neonates. So, identification of associated electrolyte abnormalities and proper management of fluid and electrolytes and close monitoring are important.
 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jan 2019;14(1): 31-33
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Kinasha, Anita A., Jeffrey M. Pernica, Francis M. Banda, et al. "Electrolyte abnormalities and clinical outcomes in children aged one month to 13 years hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in two large referral hospitals in Botswana." PLOS Global Public Health 5, no. 5 (2025): e0004588. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0004588.

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Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a common childhood disease, with a median of 2.5 diarrhoea episodes per child per year in both low- and middle-income countries. Morbidity and mortality from AGE result from a number of causes, including electrolyte abnormalities. This study characterized children hospitalized for AGE in Botswana with and without electrolyte abnormalities. This was a prospective observational study of children under the age of 13 years who were admitted with AGE in Princess Marina Hospital (PMH) and Nyangabgwe Referral Hospital (NRH) between May 2011 and April 2013. All children with serum electrolyte values obtained within 48 hours of admission were included. Patient characteristics and prevalence of electrolyte abnormalities were described. Risk factors for mortality were explored using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Among 544 patients, 37% had electrolyte abnormalities, namely hyponatraemia (9%), hypernatraemia (12%) and hypokalaemia (16%). Patients with hypernatraemia were younger (median age 6 months) compared to those with normal electrolytes (median age 9 months, p < 0.001). Patients with hypokalaemia presented after a longer duration of diarrhoea (median 4 days) compared to those with normal electrolytes (median 2 days, p < 0.001). Length of stay was longer in hypokalaemic (5 days) and hyponatraemic (5 days) patients compared to patients with hypernatraemia (3 days) and those without electrolyte abnormalities (3 days, p < 0.002). Those with malnutrition were significantly more likely to have electrolyte imbalances, with 19% having hypokalaemia. In multivariate analysis, the strongest predictors of mortality were malnutrition (OR 4.3; 95% CI 1.44-12.9); hypokalaemia (OR 5.5; 95% CI 1.84-16.6) and hypernatraemia (OR 3.9; 95% CI 1.11-13.5). Given the global impact of paediatric AGE, it is important that clinicians take additional care and precautions when admitting children with AGE and hypokalaemia, hypernatraemia, or malnutrition, as these increase the length of stay and odds of mortality.
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Shaikh, A. J., N. Masood, S. N. Adil, et al. "Electrolyte imbalances in patients admitted with chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia: Patterns and impact on outcomes, a single-centre study from Pakistan." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (2009): e20586-e20586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e20586.

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e20586 Background: Febrile neutropenia (FN) and myelosupression remain a challenging oncologic medical emergency and dose limiting toxicity of chemotherapy. Various factors have been studied to be associated and affect outcome of patients admitted with FN. Electrolyte abnormalities have commonly been observed, but the real incidence and impact has been only scarcely studied. This study was conducted with the aim to observe the trends of electrolyte abnormalities seen synchronously in patients admitted with chemotherapy induced febrile neutropenia and their possible influence on the outcomes. Methods: This was a prospective, observational study. A total of 215 patients admitted with FN between January 2007 and August 2008 were included. Analysis of data was made using SPSS version16.0. Toxicity profile was graded according to CTC version 3.0. Results: Febrile neutropenia was seen to be almost equally distributed among patients with solid or hematological malignancies. Males and females were seen to be affected almost equally as well. A total of 83.5% patients demonstrated some degree of electrolyte abnormalities. Hypokalemia, of any grade, was seen in 48% of patients, 51.4% having grade I, 33.3% grade III and 15.2% had grade IV hypokalemia. Hyponatremia of all grades was seen in 67.9% patients, 60.3% had Grade I, 33.3% grade III and 0.7% patients had grade IV hyponatremia. Hypomagnesaemia was seen in 54.3% patient, 94.7% having grade I decline. About 12% of patients with electrolyte deficit also had a co-existing Vomiting or diarrhea or both. Average length of stay was 5.7 days in patients having coexisting electrolyte abnormalities, compared to 4.2 days in those who had not. Out of 90 patients who requires special care unit 75 had electrolyte abnormalities, of 15 patients who expired 13 had electrolyte abnormalities. Conclusions: This analysis, which is perhaps first of its kind, suggests that electrolyte abnormalities are frequently observed in patients presenting with FN, independent of co existing vomiting or diarrhea. They can have a negative affect on the outcome such patients. Therefore the incidence and impact of electrolytes abnormalities on FN outcomes should be elaboratively studied further. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Bicakcioglu, Murat. "Traumatic rhabdomyolysis: Electrolyte changes." Medicine Science | International Medical Journal 12, no. 4 (2023): 1223. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/medscience.2023.09.188.

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Severe electrolyte disturbances occur in traumatic rhabdomyolysis (crush syndrome) developing after disasters such as earthquakes. The purpose of this study is to examine the long-term course of these electrolyte abnormalities. Patients followed up in intensive care for at least 10 days due to post-earthquake crush syndrome were included in the study. Their demographic data and sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus levels over the course of 10 days were retrieved retrospectively and recorded. Fifteen out of 23 patients with crush syndrome were enrolled in the study. The dominant electrolyte abnormalities in the first three days of hospitalization were normonatremia, hyperpotassemia, hypocalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia. No change in normonatremia was observed at the end of the 10th day, but hyperpotassemia gave way to normo- and hypokalemia, and hyperphosphatemia to normophosphatemia. Although hypocalcemia was less prevalent and not as deep as in the first five days, it was still the dominant calcium disorder at the end of the 10th day. Crush syndrome can be linked to severe electrolyte abnormalities. These electrolytes may be hypo or hyper in form at the onset of crush syndrome but can reverse in the opposite direction, or an existing abnormality may become more profound during follow-up. Knowing the direction assumed by electrolyte abnormalities, and on which days, will therefore be more beneficial for patient management.
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Kapoor, Mohit, and Germaine Z. Chan. "FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE ABNORMALITIES." Critical Care Clinics 17, no. 3 (2001): 503–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0704(05)70197-4.

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Books on the topic "Electrolyte abnormalities"

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Turner, Ben. Electrolyte Disturbance in Pyloric Stenosis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199764495.003.0002.

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Pyloric stenosis is a common condition that represents a challenge to the pediatric anesthesiologist. Managing these children requires an understanding of fluid, electrolyte, and acid–base abnormalities, induction techniques where there is potential for a full stomach, and postoperative pain-management choices in small babies. The key perioperative message is to realize this is a medical rather than a surgical emergency. Preoperative correction of the fluid, electrolyte, and acid–base abnormalities is vital in reducing perioperative morbidity. The anesthesiologist needs to be able to accurately assess when a baby's condition is adequately optimized before proceeding to pyloromyotomy.
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Podrid, Philip, Rajeev Malhotra, Rahul Kakkar, and Peter A. Noseworthy. Podrid's Real-World ECGs: Volume 6,Paced Rhythms, Congenital Abnormalities, Electrolyte Disturbances, and More. Cardiotext Publishing, 2016.

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Podrid, Philip, Rajeev Malhotra, Rahul Kakkar, and Peter A. Noseworthy. Podrid's Real-World ECGs: Volume 6,Paced Rhythms, Congenital Abnormalities, Electrolyte Disturbances, and More. Cardiotext Publishing, 2016.

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Prout, Jeremy, Tanya Jones, and Daniel Martin. Kidney and body fluids. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199609956.003.0003.

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The physiology of body fluid compartments is revised in association with clinical assessment of fluid balance and the management of fluid-related abnormalities. Electrolyte and acid-base disorders; causes, consequences and management are summarized. Acute kidney injury in the context of perioperative medicine is discussed; including definitions, risks, causes, recognition, prevention and preventative measures. Renal replacement therapy strategies are explained.
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Kashani, Kianoush B., and Amy W. Williams. Renal Failure. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199755691.003.0473.

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Renal failure is caused by acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common, devastating complication that increases mortality and morbidity among patients with various medical and surgical illnesses. Also known as acute renal failure, AKI is a rapid deterioration of kidney function that results in the accumulation of nitrogenous metabolites and medications and in electrolyte and acid-base imbalances. This chapter discusses the definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and etiology of AKI; the clinical approach to patients with AKI; and the management of AKI. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been categorized into 5 stages. When renal function decreases to stage 3, the complications of CKD become evident. These complications include hypertension, cardiovascular disease, lipid abnormalities, anemia, metabolic bone disease, and electrolyte disturbances. To prevent the progression of CKD, therapy must be directed toward preventing these complications and achieving adequate glucose control in diabetic patients with CKD.
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Freely Jr, John J., and Michel Sabbagh. Pyloric Stenosis. Edited by Matthew D. McEvoy and Cory M. Furse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190226459.003.0083.

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Pyloric stenosis is one of the most common surgical conditions affecting neonates and young infants. Hypertrophy of the pyloric muscular layers results in gradual gastric outlet obstruction. Persistent episodic projectile vomiting and dehydration as well as hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis are cardinal features. Definitive treatment is surgical pyloromyotomy, but it is not a surgical emergency. Emergency medical intervention is often required to correct intravascular volume depletion and electrolyte disturbances. Morbidity and mortality should be limited due to advancements in surgical and perioperative care. Morbidity can occur due to poor preoperative resuscitation, anesthetic management difficulties, or postoperative complications. The following manuscript is a review of current evidence-based perioperative care of infants with pyloric stenosis. It reviews the pathophysiology that results in metabolic disturbances and intravascular volume depletion. It focuses on preoperative assessment and correction of electrolyte abnormalities and anesthetic technique including airway management and postoperative analgesia.
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Hodgkiss, Andrew. Therapeutic strategies. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759911.003.0013.

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A wide range of therapeutic strategies to manage cancer-related psychopathology are described. Evidence-based interventions include: surgery (e.g. oophorectomy for anti-NMDAR limbic encephalitis), radiotherapy, immunotherapy, anti-glucocorticoids, correction of electrolyte abnormalities, correction of vitamin or endocrine deficiencies, and the use of carefully selected antidepressant or antipsychotic medication. Particular attention is paid to the management of cancer-related delirium and mania, and to the depressive phenomena provoked by systemic cancer treatments. The quality of the evidence-base for these treatments is critically reviewed.
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Baijal, Rahul, and Carlos J. Campos. Diabetic Ketoacidosis in a Child with Acute Surgical Abdomen. Edited by Erin S. Williams, Olutoyin A. Olutoye, Catherine P. Seipel, and Titilopemi A. O. Aina. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190678333.003.0040.

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Management of the pediatric surgical patient in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is particularly challenging given the electrolyte and acid-base abnormalities, compounded with the risk of cerebral edema. This chapter highlights the risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment plan, for the pediatric surgical patient who presents in DKA. This chapter will help the reader identify children at risk for DKA, understand the clinical presentation and pathophysiology of DKA, identify children at risk for cerebral edema, manage cerebral edema in children with DKA, manage DKA in children, and understand the anesthetic implications in children with DKA.
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Newcomer, Anne, and Michael Gropper. Diabetic Ketoacidosis. Edited by Matthew D. McEvoy and Cory M. Furse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190226459.003.0030.

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Perioperative clinicians caring for patients with diabetes should understand the underlying mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of hyperglycemic crises. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) require prompt recognition and treatment. Disturbances such as these can create acute problems associated with intravascular volume and electrolyte abnormalities, as well as effect postoperative recovery and wound healing. Common precipitants, clinical manifestations, and basic treatment algorithms aimed at safely correcting the underlying cause, as well as the associated problems, are described in this chapter. Perioperative glycemic control is an area of recent intense investigation, and specific recommendations are provided herein.
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Ricci, Zaccaria, and Claudio Ronco. Continuous haemofiltration techniques in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0214.

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Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is currently considered the mainstay of treatment for severe acute kidney injury. CRRT helps in restoration of fluid balance, control of hyperazotaemia, acid-base imbalances, and electrolyte abnormalities. Most importantly, due to its gradual, low efficiency, continuous solute and water removal, it ensures haemodynamic stability in critically-ill patients being treated with a high level of inotropic support and those with cardiovascular failure. This chapter will discuss the different solute removal techniques (diffusion and convection) and CRRT modalities (ultrafiltration, haemofiltration and haemodialysis). Insights on CRRT prescription and anticoagulation regimens will also be described on the light of the most recent clinical evidence.
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Book chapters on the topic "Electrolyte abnormalities"

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Szadkowski, Adam, and Michael Wilhelm. "Electrolyte Abnormalities." In Fundamentals of Pediatric Surgery. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27443-0_9.

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Brown, Diane, and Michael Wilhelm. "Electrolyte Abnormalities." In Fundamentals of Pediatric Surgery. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07524-7_11.

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Moorcraft, Sing Yu. "Electrolyte abnormalities." In Clinical Problems in Oncology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118673768.ch7.

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Barmparas, Galinos, and George Paul Liao. "Other Electrolyte Abnormalities." In Surgical Critical Care Therapy. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71712-8_49.

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Krug, Michael F. "Postoperative Electrolyte Abnormalities." In The Perioperative Medicine Consult Handbook. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19704-9_55.

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Petrosino, Alfredo, Domenico Bagordo, Antje Fürstenberg-Schaette, and Chris Laing. "Common Electrolyte Abnormalities." In Primer on Nephrology. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76419-7_13.

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Martinez-Maldonado, Manuel, and Julio E. Benabe. "Electrolyte Abnormalities in Cancer." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8953-8_13.

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Wong, K. C. "Management of Electrolyte Abnormalities." In Anesthesia, The Heart and the Vascular System. Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3295-1_3.

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Wipperman, Jennifer, and Jackie Anderson. "Electrolyte Abnormalities in CF." In Cystic Fibrosis in Primary Care. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25909-9_12.

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Richardson, Robert M. A. "Electrolyte and Acid-Base Abnormalities." In Encyclopedia of Trauma Care. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29613-0_239.

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Conference papers on the topic "Electrolyte abnormalities"

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Yang, Yichao, Jiayue Shen, and Zhili Hao. "A Two-Dimensional Microfluidic-Based Tactile Sensor for Tissue Palpation Under the Influence of Misalignment." In ASME 2015 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems collocated with the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2015-48134.

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This paper reports on a proof-of-concept study of applying a two-dimensional (2D) microfluidic-based tactile sensor for tissue palpation under the influence of misalignment. Two unavoidable misalignment issues, uncertainty in contact point and non-ideal normal contact, severely distort the genuine elasticity distribution of a tissue region, yielding false identification of abnormality. The core of the 2D tactile sensor is one whole microstructure embedded with an electrolyte-enabled 2D resistive transducer array underneath. This unique configuration allows the tactile sensor to interact with a tissue region in a continuous manner that mimics manual palpation: the whole microstructure (fingertip) presses a tissue region and the corresponding deflection distribution is captured concurrently by the embedded transducer array (distributed sensors under the skin). This continuous manner tackles the misalignment issues encountered by an individual sensor or a sensor array, in that any misalignment encountered by the 2D sensor is manifested as an increasing trend of the distributed deflection-depth relations along the tilt direction. Tissue phantoms with embedded nodules and extrusions are prepared and are measured using the 2D tactile sensor, validating the capability of the tactile sensor to identify abnormalities in soft tissue under the influence of misalignment.
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Silvério, Gabriel André, Isabela Louise Weber, Renata Cristine Alves, et al. "Cytotoxic lesion of the corpus callosum associated with Tumor Lysis Syndrome." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.538.

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Case presentation: MCP, 39 years, female, with primary rectal cancer with lung metastases being treated with weekly cycles of chemotherapy, without other comorbidities. At the end of 46 hours of another cycle of this treatment, patient presented an episode of weakness associated with release of the sphincters, without clonism. Physical examination with stable vital signs, closed eyelids, non-contacting and glasgow coma scale (GCS) 10. Laboratory tests with hypocalcemia, uremia, hyperphosphatemia, increased creatinine, hypomagnesemia, hyperuricemia. On the following day she underwent hemodialysis and evolves with improvement in the level of consciousness (GCS 14), communicative, mild confusion and anterograde amnesia. No alteration at neurological examination. cranioencephalic magnetic resonance imaging with contrast demonstrating signs of diffusion restriction in the splenium region of the corpus callosum. With this, it was possible to determine the diagnosis of cytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum (CLOCCS) due to tumor lysis syndrome. Discussion: CLOCCs are secondary lesions associated with varied etiologies, including drug therapy, malignancy, metabolic abnormalities (e.g. electrolyte imbalance) and infections. Cell-cytokine interactions lead to massively increased levels of cytokines and extracellular glutamate, resulting in dysfunction of callosal neurons and microglia, and cytotoxic edema develops as water becomes trapped whitin the cells. CLOCCs appears in magnetic resonance imaging as areas of increased signal intensity on FLAIR and low diffusion on diffusion weighted. This lesion is usually midline, reversible and symmetric. Conclusion: It is important to know the radiographic features of CLOCCS and theirs known causes, so the source can be found and addressed and avoid misdiagnosis of primary colossal conditions.
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Azevedo, Ruan de, Adriel Barbosa, Gabriel de Souza, et al. "Super refractory status epilepticus in a child: brain on “fires”." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.700.

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Introduction: New onset of a refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) is a clinical presentation, without a clear cause, within the first 72h of admission of a non-epileptic patient. FIRES (Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome) is a NORSE subgroup with febrile prodrome 24 hours to 2 weeks before the onset of status. This case reports a previously healthy 7-year-old female with FIRES and super refractory status epilepticus (SE). Methods: This is a case report based on retrospective analysis of a single patient’s medical record. Results: The patient presented with SE four days after low grade fever and airway infection. Midazolam (MDZ) 0.15 mg/kg, phenytoin (PFT) 30 mg/ kg, phenobarbital (PB) 15 mg/kg were administered in sequence; followed by continuous infusion of MDZ 1 mg/kg/h and ketamine (KET) 30 mcg/kg/ min. Empirical treatment started with ceftriaxone, acyclovir and ampicillin. Exams on admission: Brain magnetic resonance (MRI) with no abnormalities; normal serum leukocyte count and electrolyte levels; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with 61 cells (71% lymphocytes), protein 38, Lactate 15, glucose 61 (mg/dL). CSF on two different occasions was negative for infectious agents and autoimmune antibodies. Electroencephalograms (EEG) on the 3rd, 4th and 7th days after hospitalization revealed SE despite the followings drugs: Levetiracetam 60 mg/kg, Lacosamide 10 mg/kg, topiramate 10 mg/kg, MDZ 2 mg/kg/h, KET 2 mg/kg/h. Throughout hospitalization, she received a 3 days course of methylprednisolone 30 mg/kg/day, followed by five days of immunoglobulin 2 g/ kg/day, ketogenic diet and thiopental 5 mg/kg/h. From the 13th day on, EEG maintained global suppression and no epileptiform activity. The patient died on the 18th day after a septic shock. Conclusion: NORSE and FIRES are entities with unfavorable outcomes and high mortality rates. Autoimmune/inflammatory encephalitis represents 40% of NORSE causes.
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Reports on the topic "Electrolyte abnormalities"

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กาญจนบุษย์, เถลิงศักดิ์, กุลวรา เมฆสวรรค์, อังคณา ตันติธุวานนท์, วิภาวี กิตติโกวิท, พรทิพย์สวรรค์ นวลทอง та พรเพ็ญ พนมวัลย์. การพัฒนาและการศึกษาความเป็นไปได้ในการนำน้ำตาลเชิงซ้อน-แคลวิตินมาผลิตเป็นน้ำยาฟอกไตทางช่องท้องทดแทนน้ำยาฟอกไตมาตรฐาน. คณะแพทยศาสตร์ จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2010. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2010.17.

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Abstract:
Background. The optimal formula of calvitrin based peritoneal dialysis was composing of calvitrin 6.25 g LL~:: electrolytes such as sodium chloride 540 g, sodium lactate 448 mg, calcium chloride 25.7mg and magnesium chloride 5.08 mg Methods. In vitro studies; the cytotoxicity was investigated. Human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) were isolated and characterized as described in tetail elsewhere (29). Cells were depleated serum and treated with 15% Cal-PD, 7.5% lcodextrin, 1.5% Dextose and media controls for 36 hrs. Cells morphology changes were examined under microscopy. The results found that few changing of cells treating with 15% calvitrin PD (<10%), 7.5% lcodextrin (>20%), 1.5% Dextose (>40%), positive control (>70%) and no changed in negative medium control. Cell injury examination by LOH testing, the cells treated with 10% Calvitrin released LOH not different from that in lcodextrin. Cell death evaluation by Pl staining, there was fewer cell death when compared to glucose. Results. In vivo studies; acute 14-day toxicity test was studied in mice by intravenously injected with 15% calvitrin (dose 5 ml/Kg) and in Sprague Dawley rats by intraperitoneally injected with 15% calvitrin (dose 10 ml/Kg) compared with control group injected with NSS. Clinical signs, body weight, mortality and necropsy finding were evaluated. There were no abnormality symptoms; no mortality and not significant body weight different were noted. No abnormalities were detected at necropsy, and pathology grading was not significantly found. Conclusion. In conclusion, there were no deaths during 2 weeks duration of acute toxicity testing from both intravenous dose 5 ml. Kg- 1 and intraperitoneal dose 10 ml. Kg- 1 of 15%Calvitrin with electrolytes solution compared with normal saline solution. No significant differences of body and organs weight between among control and test group. No significant abnormality finding from pathology and necropsy examination.
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