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Journal articles on the topic 'Electrolyte flow'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Alphonse, Phil-Jacques, Mert Tas, and Gülşah Elden. "Numerical Investigation of Supporting Electrolyte Using in a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 48 (2022): 2032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01482032mtgabs.

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The vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) store chemical energy and generate electricity by redox reactions between vanadium ions dissolved in electrolytes. The main components of VRFB are positive and negative porous electrodes, membrane, current collectors, electrolyte, and pumps. The electrolyte is composed of vanadium species and supporting electrolytes. The supporting electrolyte has two main functions: 1) to increase the electrolyte's ionic conductivity, and 2) to deliver hydrogen ions to the positive electrode reaction. The supporting electrolytes are many kinds of an acid such as sulfuric

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2

Wu, Xiongwei, Jun Liu, Xiaojuan Xiang, Jie Zhang, Junping Hu, and Yuping Wu. "Electrolytes for vanadium redox flow batteries." Pure and Applied Chemistry 86, no. 5 (2014): 661–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2013-1213.

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AbstractVanadium redox flow batteries (VRBs) are one of the most practical candidates for large-scale energy storage. Its electrolyte as one key component can intensively influence its electrochemical performance. Recently, much significant research has been carried out to improve the properties of the electrolytes. In this review, we present the optimization on vanadium electrolytes with sulfuric acid as a supporting electrolyte and their effects on the electrochemical performance of VRBs. In addition, other kinds of supporting electrolytes for VRBs are also discussed. Prospective for future

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3

Baktiyar, Moch Hanif, Anggita Adiningrum, Fatin Septianingsih, and Bambang Poerwadi. "Utilization of Methylene Blue and Banana Peels as RFB Components (Redox Flow Battery)." Rekayasa Bahan Alam dan Energi Berkelanjutan 5, no. 1 (2021): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.rbaet.2021.005.01.02.

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RFB (Redox Flow Battery) is a secondary battery that provides energy conversion between chemistry and electricity through an alternating redox reaction by 2 pairs of electrons and protons. RFB with active ingredient Vanadium (VRB) is a type of RFB that is widely used and has problems such as the price of Vanadium is expensive, is toxic and the solvent (H2SO4) is corrosive. Therefore, an inexpensive and environmentally friendly organic electrolyte component emerged, namely Methylene Blue and banana peels. Methylene Blue has 2 electron-proton pairs which provide a reversible redox reaction and h

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4

Xiao, Zhiyuan, Ruiping Zhang, Mengyue Lu, et al. "Numerical Simulation of Impact of Different Redox Couples on Flow Characteristics and Electrochemical Performance of Deep Eutectic Solvent Electrolyte Flow Batteries." Batteries 11, no. 1 (2025): 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11010018.

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A comprehensive, three-dimensional, macro-scale model was developed to simulate non-aqueous deep eutectic solvent (DES) electrolyte flow batteries. The model’s feasibility was validated by comparing the simulated polarization data with the experimental results. Utilizing this model, the work reported here compared the flow characteristics and electrochemical properties of electrolytes with different redox couples within the porous electrodes of the batteries. Despite variations in the active materials, the distribution of the electrolyte flow rate showed uniformity due to consistent electrode

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5

Gad, M. S., A. K. El Soly, Subhav Singh, Kamal Sharma, Saurav Dixit, and Md irfanul Haque Siddiqui. "Examining oxyhydrogen gas generation experimentally using wet cell design." PLOS One 20, no. 6 (2025): e0324921. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0324921.

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Oxyhydrogen (HHO) gas, which is created when water is electrolyzed using a dry cell electrolyzer, is becoming more and more popular as a new energy source because of its improved combustion properties. The creation of HHO wet cell is the primary goal of the current study in order to maximize gas flow rate and improve electrolyzer efficiency compared to dry cell. An inexpensive electrolyzer made of local obtainable parts was used to create HHO. Stainless steel 316L electrodes having a surface area of 136.5 cm2 and 4 mm distance between plates were used to generate HHO gas. Various concentration

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6

Mazúr, Petr, Jiří Charvát, Jindřich Mrlík, et al. "Evaluation of Electrochemical Stability of Sulfonated Anthraquinone-Based Acidic Electrolyte for Redox Flow Battery Application." Molecules 26, no. 9 (2021): 2484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092484.

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Despite intense research in the field of aqueous organic redox flow batteries, low molecular stability of electroactive compounds limits further commercialization. Additionally, currently used methods typically cannot differentiate between individual capacity fade mechanisms, such as degradation of electroactive compound and its cross-over through the membrane. We present a more complex method for in situ evaluation of (electro)chemical stability of electrolytes using a flow electrolyser and a double half-cell including permeation measurements of electrolyte cross-over through a membrane by a

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Popov, A. I., V. I. Novikov, D. N. Ivanov, and I. A. Kozyrskiy. "Analysis of Temperature Characteristics of Electrolytic-Plasma Discharge in Jet Processing of a Metal Anode." Advanced Engineering Research (Rostov-on-Don) 25, no. 2 (2025): 99–111. https://doi.org/10.23947/2687-1653-2025-25-2-99-111.

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Introduction. Electrolytic plasma technologies used for dimensional and finishing processing of metal surfaces attract attention due to their high efficiency and precision. The key factor that determines the quality of processing is the temperature of the electrolytic-plasma discharge (EPD), which affects the ionization of the electrolyte and the properties of the surface. The lack of comprehensive studies of the temperature characteristics of jet EPD limits the optimization of processes. The research objective is to determine the distribution of temperatures and heat flows in the system “jet

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8

Dabrowski, L., M. Marciniak, and T. Szewczyk. "Analysis of Abrasive Flow Machining with an Electrochemical Process Aid." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 220, no. 3 (2006): 397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440506x77571.

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Electrochemical aided abrasive flow machining (ECAFM) is possible using polymeric electrolytes. The ion conductivity of electrolytes is many times lower than the conductivity of electrolytes employed in ordinary electrochemical machining (ECM). Additions of inorganic fillers to electrolytes in the form of abrasives decrease conductivity even more. These considerations explain why the interelectrode gap through which the polymeric electrolyte is forced should be small. This in turn results in greater flow resistance of polymeric electrolyte, which takes the form of a semi-liquid paste. Rheologi

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9

George, Thomas Young, Isabelle C. Thomas, Naphtal O. Haya, John P. Deneen, Cliffton Wang, and Michael J. Aziz. "A Membrane-Electrolyte System Approach to Understanding Ionic Conductivity and Crossover in Aqueous Organic and Metalorganic Flow Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 3 (2023): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-013762mtgabs.

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The ion exchange membrane is a critical component of most aqueous flow batteries, where it provides a transport medium for charge carrying ions while suppressing undesired crossover of redox active species. The all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB), the most developed flow battery chemistry to date, is also the system for which most studies of flow battery membranes have been done. These studies have shown that the concentration and composition of the acidic vanadium electrolytes influence water content in the membrane phase, and therefore influence the transport phenomena through the membran

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10

Tang, Hongmei, Zhe Qu, Yaping Yan, et al. "Unleashing energy storage ability of aqueous battery electrolytes." Materials Futures 1, no. 2 (2022): 022001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2752-5724/ac52e8.

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Abstract Electrolytes make up a large portion of the volume of energy storage devices, but they often do not contribute to energy storage. The ability of using electrolytes to store charge would promise a significant increase in energy density to meet the needs of evolving electronic devices. Redox-flow batteries use electrolytes to store energy and show high energy densities, but the same design cannot be applied to portable or microdevices that require static electrolytes. Therefore, implementing electrolyte energy storage in a non-flow design becomes critical. This review summarizes the req

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Bau, Haim H. "Applications of Magneto Electrochemistry and Magnetohydrodynamics in Microfluidics." Magnetochemistry 8, no. 11 (2022): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry8110140.

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Magnetic fields affect electrolytes in diverse ways. This paper focuses on the interactions among electric, magnetic, and flow fields and the applications of the resulting phenomena in microfluidics. When an electrical current is transmitted in an electrolyte in the presence of an external magnetic field, a Lorentz body force results, which may induce pressure gradients and fluid motion—magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). The resulting advection is used to pump fluids, induce/suppress flow instabilities, and control mass transfer in diverse electrochemical processes. When an electrolyte flows in the p

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12

Rashitov, Ilia, Aleksandr Voropay, Grigoriy Tsepilov, et al. "Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Stack Balancing to Increase Depth of Discharge Using Forced Flow Attenuation." Batteries 9, no. 9 (2023): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9090464.

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Vanadium redox flow batteries are gaining great popularity in the world due to their long service life, simple (from a technological point of view) capacity increase and overload resistance, which hardly affects the service life. However, these batteries have technical problems, namely in balancing stacks with each other in terms of volumetric flow rate of electrolyte. Stack power depends on the speed of the electrolyte flow through the stack. Stacks are connected in parallel by electrolytes to increase battery power. If one of the stacks has a lower hydrodynamic resistance, the volume of elec

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13

Shan, Shuhua, Mihir N. Parekh, Rong Kou, Donghai Wang, and Christopher D. Rahn. "Increasing the Cycle Life of Zinc Metal Anodes and Nickel-Zinc Cells Using Flow-Through Alkaline Electrolytes." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 171, no. 3 (2024): 032503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad2cc2.

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Alkaline electrolyte flow through porous Zn anodes and Ni(OH)2 cathodes can overcome diffusion limits, reduce dendrite growth, and improve cycle life. Zinc deposition morphology improves with low flow rates electrolyte in KOH/ZnO electrolytes at current densities near the diffusion-limit regime. Zinc dendrites present without flow are suppressed by micrometer-per-second flow at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 0.6 M ZnO dissolved in 6 M and 10 M KOH solutions. Zn-Cu asymmetric cell tests reveal that flowing electrolyte increases the lifespan by more than 6 times in the diffusion-limit regime

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14

Ermakova, L. E., B. P. Sharfarets, S. P. Dmitriev, and V. E. Kurochkin. "IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ACOUSTO-ELECTRIC CONVERTER. 1. DEPENDENCE OF ELECTROKINETIC PHENOMENA ON THE STRUCTURE OF MEMBRANE MATERIALS IN AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS." NAUCHNOE PRIBOROSTROENIE 32, no. 4 (2022): 20–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18358/np-32-4-i2034.

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The features of the flow potential in the electrolyte that are significant for implementing a liquid acousto-electric converter are presented. The electrochemistry of the flow potential in electrolytes is considered. The peculiarities of the process in the electrolyte solutions associated with the influence of the ion strength of the electrolyte and its dependence on the electrokinetic radius are noted. It is shown that at small values of the electrokinetic radius, the effect of overlapping the electric double layer occurs, leading to a sharp decrease in the absolute values of the flow potenti

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15

Chakraborty, Monalisa, Mariona Battestini Vives, Omar Abdelaziz, Christian Hulteberg, Rakel Lindstrom, and Amirreza Khataee. "Lignin-Based Electrolytes for Redox Flow Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 1 (2023): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-021138mtgabs.

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Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are promising candidates for long duration energy storage applications thanks to their unique feature of independent scaling of energy and power. Organic electrolytes and an alternative to the present metal-based have been proposed as potentially low-cost and environmentally friendly electrolytes to alleviate the capital costs of RFBs. Lignin, the second most abundant bio-based polymer in nature, demonstrates the advantages of high carbon content, rich in aromatic groups and is a potential electrolyte basefor RFBs [1] [2] [3] [4]. In this work, soda lignin was consi

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16

Schofield, Kalvin, and Petr Musilek. "State of Charge and Capacity Tracking in Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Systems." Clean Technologies 4, no. 3 (2022): 607–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol4030037.

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The vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte is prone to several capacity loss mechanisms, which must be mitigated to preserve electrolyte health and battery performance. This study investigates a simple and effective technique for the recovery of capacity loss arising from symmetrical mechanisms via automatic electrolyte rebalancing. However, chemical or electrochemical techniques must be used to mitigate capacity loss from asymmetrical mechanisms (e.g., air oxidation of V2+), which requires knowledge of the oxidation states present in the electrolytes. As such, this study assesses the suitabi

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17

Küttinger, Michael, Paulette A. Loichet Torres, Emeline Meyer, Peter Fischer, and Jens Tübke. "Systematic Study of Quaternary Ammonium Cations for Bromine Sequestering Application in High Energy Density Electrolytes for Hydrogen Bromine Redox Flow Batteries." Molecules 26, no. 9 (2021): 2721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092721.

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Bromine complexing agents (BCAs) are used to reduce the vapor pressure of bromine in the aqueous electrolytes of bromine flow batteries. BCAs bind hazardous, volatile bromine by forming a second, heavy liquid fused salt. The properties of BCAs in a strongly acidic bromine electrolyte are largely unexplored. A total of 38 different quaternary ammonium halides are investigated ex situ regarding their properties and applicability in bromine electrolytes as BCAs. The focus is on the development of safe and performant HBr/Br2/H2O electrolytes with a theoretical capacity of 180 Ah L−1 for hydrogen b

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18

Tian, Wenxin, Hao Du, Jianzhang Wang, et al. "A Review of Electrolyte Additives in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries." Materials 16, no. 13 (2023): 4582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16134582.

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Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage, and the electrolyte plays a critical role in chemical–electrical energy conversion. However, the operating temperature of VRFBs is limited to 10–40 °C because of the stability of the electrolyte. To overcome this, various chemical species are added, but the progress and mechanism have not been summarized and discussed yet. This review summarizes research progress on electrolyte additives that are used for different purposes or systems in the operation of VRFBs, including stabilizing agents (SAs) and

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19

Khan, Safyan Akram, Muhammad Mansha, Shahid Ali, et al. "Improved Formulation and Optimization of Sodium Polysulfide/Bromine Electrolytes for Redox Flow Battery." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 3 (2023): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-013785mtgabs.

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Sodium polysulfide/bromine RFBs are one the most promising electrolyte couples for scale-up technology. Sodium polysulfide/bromine RFB utilizes aqueous sodium polysulfide and sodium bromide solution as anolyte and catholyte, respectively, separated by a sodium ion exchange membrane. Polysulfide electrolyte of different concentrations ranging from S:Na ratio of 0.5 that is without the addition of elemental sulfur, up to saturation limit having S:Na ratio of 2.4 with the addition of elemental sulfur are prepared. Studies of electrolyte composition have been essential to establishing the optimum

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20

Akhatov, M. F., R. K. Galimova, R. R. Mardanov, A. A. Nizameev, and N. A. Loginov. "Properties of Electric Discharge of a Jet Anode and an Electrolytic Cathode." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2270, no. 1 (2022): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2270/1/012004.

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Abstract The paper shows some results of the definite current-voltage characteristic (CVC) of interaction of electric discharge with a jet electrolytic cathode and a steady anode at different jet lengths (lc), jet diameter (dc), electrolyte flow rate (G) for various electrolyte concentrations.

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21

Zhou, Xiaoyu, Kei Hanafusa, Ryota Tatsumi, Yongrong Dong, and Kiyoaki Moriuchi. "Complex-Type Fe-Cr Redox Flow Battery: Identification of Challenges." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 9 (2024): 1387. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-0291387mtgabs.

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Long-Duration Energy Storages (LDES), with the ability to store excess energy generated by renewable sources such as solar and wind, play a vital role in ensuring a continuous and reliable power supply, which is crucial in promoting a more sustainable future. Redox flow batteries (RFBs) have attracted a great deal of attention as a highly suitable system for LDES, because of offering easy scalability, great flexibility by decoupling power and energy capacity, long cycle life, and enhanced safety. While all-vanadium RFBs are widely used as the most mature technology currently, for further marke

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22

Maleki, Meysam, and Marc-Antoni Goulet. "Boosting the Energy Density of Anthraquinone-Based Negolyte for Redox Flow Batteries through Mixing Strategy." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2025-01, no. 45 (2025): 2400. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-01452400mtgabs.

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The energy density of organic redox flow batteries is dependent on the total concentration of redox-active compounds dissolved in their electrolytes. A common strategy to enhance this concentration involves modifying these compounds with solubilizing functional groups. However, these modifications can also lead to undesirable changes in other important electrolyte properties like redox potential and stability. Moreover, the addition of solubilizing groups tends to increase the overall synthesis and material cost of these molecules. An alternative strategy for developing a desired electrolyte w

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23

Prieto-Diaz, Pablo Angel, Ange Anicet Maurice, and Marcos Vera. "Modelling the Electrolyte Flow in the Tanks of Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries: A CFD Perspective." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 48 (2022): 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01482009mtgabs.

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Redox flow batteries are a promising technology for large-scale energy storage. The flow of the electrolyte in the tanks is a relevant factor for battery optimization that has been largely overlooked to date, with departures from perfect mixing associated with an effective capacity loss of the system. The flow in the tanks is driven by the competing effects of inertia and buoyancy, the former associated with the momentum flux of the discharging jet and the latter with the density changes suffered by the electrolyte as it passes through the cell because of the slight changes in temperature and

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24

Prokhorov, Konstantin, Alexander Burdonov, and Peter Henning. "Study of flow regimes and gas holdup in a different potentials medium in an aerated column." E3S Web of Conferences 192 (2020): 02013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019202013.

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A generation of hydrogen and oxygen bubbles by of aqueous solutions of electrolytes was carried out. Two electrolysis modifications was study: electrolysis without a membrane to production of oxygen and hydrogen and membrane electrolysis with separation of catholyte and anolyte. The influence of the model conditions of the experiment such as electrolyte pH, concentration, and current density and the distribution of bubble sizes and gas holdup in the column are discussed. An inverse dependence of the hydrogen bubbles diameter in the catholyte medium on the current density and a direct dependenc

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25

Tian, Yuheng, Jiangzhou Xie, Maria Skyllas-Kazacos, Jiangzhou Xie, and Chris Menictas. "Enhancing Electrolyte Stability and Performance in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries through Inorganic Additives Investigation." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 1 (2024): 2. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-0212mtgabs.

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The electrolyte is a crucial component of the vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB), exerting a substantial influence on cell properties, performance, and cost. Its composition significantly impacts energy density, operational temperature range, and practical applications of the VRFB. Various strategies have been proposed to enhance energy density and broaden the temperature range.[1] For instance, the presence of electrolyte impurities or the addition of specific chemical compounds into the vanadium solution can modify electrolyte stability, affecting cell performance, temperature range, energy

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26

bin Rosley, Mohammad Nazry, Noreffendy bin Tamaldin, M. F. B. Abdollah, and Z. M. Zulfattah. "The Effects of Voltage Flow and pH Value in Alkaline Electrolyser System to Performance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 440–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.440.

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The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of voltage flow (V) in the alkaline electrolyser system and the pH value (pH) of the electrolyte used in the electrolyser. The output measurement of both investigated factors in in the flow rate of the hydrogen gas produced by the system per minute (ml/min). The voltage flow was altered in the system by altering the voltage supply from the workbench power supply ranging from 11V to 14V. The pH value of the electrolyte solution in the electrolyser was altered by the addition of Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) in the distilled water. The pH value sam

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Ivanova, A. M., P. A. Arkhipov, A. V. Rudenko, O. Yu Tkacheva, and Yu P. Zaikov. "Formation of ledge in aluminum electrolyzer." Izvestiya Vuzov. Tsvetnaya Metallurgiya (Universities' Proceedings Non-Ferrous Metallurgy), no. 5 (October 25, 2019): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0021-3438-2019-5-23-31.

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A model unit simulating the actual conditions of electrolytic aluminum production was used to conduct an experimental study of ledge to determine its dynamic behavior (formation/dissolution) depending on the electrolyte overheating temperature, lining thermal resistance and cryolite-alumina electrolyte composition. A window was mounted in the front wall of the unit housing to change the lining material. Ledge is formed due to the heat flow generated by the temperature difference between the electrolyte and electrolyzer walls. The electrolyte cryolite ratio (CR) varied in the range of 2.1–2.5.

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Dresp, Sören, Trung Ngo Thanh, Malte Klingenhof, Sven Brückner, Philipp Hauke, and Peter Strasser. "Efficient direct seawater electrolysers using selective alkaline NiFe-LDH as OER catalyst in asymmetric electrolyte feeds." Energy & Environmental Science 13, no. 6 (2020): 1725–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ee01125h.

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Roznyatovskaya, Nataliya, Jens Noack, Heiko Mild, et al. "Vanadium Electrolyte for All-Vanadium Redox-Flow Batteries: The Effect of the Counter Ion." Batteries 5, no. 1 (2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries5010013.

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In this study, 1.6 M vanadium electrolytes in the oxidation forms V(III) and V(V) were prepared from V(IV) in sulfuric (4.7 M total sulphate), V(IV) in hydrochloric (6.1 M total chloride) acids, as well as from 1:1 mol mixture of V(III) and V(IV) (denoted as V3.5+) in hydrochloric (7.6 M total chloride) acid. These electrolyte solutions were investigated in terms of performance in vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). The half-wave potentials of the V(III)/V(II) and V(V)/V(IV) couples, determined by cyclic voltammetry, and the electronic spectra of V(III) and V(IV) electrolyte samples, are discu

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Tugirumubano, Alexandre, Kyoung Soo Kim, Hee Jae Shin, Chang Hyeon Kim, Lee Ku Kwac, and Hong Gun Kim. "The Design and Performance Study of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Using 3-D Mesh." Key Engineering Materials 737 (June 2017): 393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.737.393.

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The production of hydrogen and oxygen using the water electrolysis technology is mostly influenced by the performance and efficiency of the components that are used in the production systems. In this study, the flow field’s channels of the bipolar plates of polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzer were replaced by 3-D titanium mesh, and the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyzer cell that uses 3-D titanium mesh was designed. A numerical analysis was conducted to study the performance of the designed model. By comparing the results with the electrochemical performance of PEM electroly

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Rincón Castrillo, Erick Daniel, José Ricardo Bermúdez Santaella, Luis Emilio Vera Duarte, and Juan José García Pabón. "Modeling and simulation of an electrolyser for the production of HHO in Matlab- Simulink®." Respuestas 24, no. 2 (2019): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22463/0122820x.1826.

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The electrolyzers work through an electrochemical process, their derivatives (H2,O2 , and HHO) are used as enriching fuels due to the electrolysis of water, being cleaner than gasoline and diesel. This article presents the dynamic model of an alkaline electrolyzer that uses an electrolyte ( KOH o NaHCO3) dissolved in distilled water to accelerate the production of oxyhydrogen (HHO). The model shows the phase change that occurs inside the electrolytic cell. The EES® software was used to determine the values of enthalpy, entropy, and free energy that vary during the electrochemical reaction; t

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Huang, Si, Yinping Li, Xilin Shi, et al. "Key Issues of Salt Cavern Flow Battery." Energies 17, no. 20 (2024): 5190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17205190.

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Salt cavern flow batteries (SCFBs) are an energy storage technology that utilize salt caverns to store electrolytes of flow batteries with a saturated NaCl solution as the supporting electrolyte. However, the geological characteristics of salt caverns differ significantly from above-ground storage tanks, leading to complex issues in storing electrolytes within salt caverns. Therefore, investigating and summarizing these issues is crucial for the advancement of SCFB technology. This paper’s innovation lies in its comprehensive review of the current state and development trends in SCFBs both dom

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Liu, Tianbiao. "Half-Cell Flow Batteries: A Powerful Approach to Evaluating Cycling Stability of a Redox Active Electrolyte." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 3 (2022): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-013485mtgabs.

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Aqueous redox flow batteries (ARFBs) represent one promising energy storage technology for integration of renewable energy and balancing the electricity grids because of their technical merits of decoupled energy and power, sustainable and tunable redox active materials, and non-flammable and low cost aqueous supporting electrolytes. Despite numerous new flow battery chemistries reported in the last decade, the cycling life of ARFBs is still primarily limited by the chemical stability of redox active electrolytes. This presentation discusses the proper use and data interpretation of a half-cel

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Modak, Sanat Vibhas, Flora Tseng, Joseph Valle, Jeff Sakamoto, and David G. Kwabi. "Evaluating the Stability and Performance of Nasicon in Low-Cost High Charge Density Redox Flow Battery Electrolytes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 46 (2022): 1707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02461707mtgabs.

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Solid superionic conductor membranes are being considered as alternatives to polymer-based membranes for use in redox flow batteries (RFBs) due to their superior abilities to mitigate reactant crossover,1 and enable the deployment of aqueous electrolytes comprising small, inorganic earth-abundant reactants.2,3 Much however remains to be understood about the evolution of the electrochemical performance and microstructural stability of these membranes while they are immersed in aqueous electrolytes. In this work, we evaluate the suitability of von Alpen sodium superionic conductor (NaSICON) as a

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Kunar, Sandip, S. Mahata, and B. Bhattacharyya. "Influence of electrolytes on surface texture characteristics generated by electrochemical micromachining." Journal of Micromanufacturing 1, no. 2 (2018): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516598418765355.

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Generation of microsurface texture is an important technology for surface engineering that can produce a significant improvement of engineering components in aspects to wear resistance, friction coefficient, load capacities, part lubrication, etc. This research proposes a novel approach of maskless electrochemical micromachining (EMM), which is anodic dissolution based on electrochemical reaction. One reused textured cathode tool with patterned SU-8 2150 mask can fabricate many work samples economically with less time. Maskless EMM set-up with developed EMM cell and vertical crossflow electrol

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Berling, Sabrina, Jose Manuel Hidalgo, Sotirios Mavrikis, et al. "Adaptation of a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery for Thermal Applications Using a Solid Capacity Booster." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 59 (2023): 2851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02592851mtgabs.

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In this work a novel approach for the use of the Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFB) is made by viewing it as a dual system with the ability to store both electrical and thermal energy. Electrical energy is thanks to the electrochemical reactions of the vanadium ions dissolved in the electrolyte, while thermal energy will use the sensible heat of the electrolyte mass. The performance of VRFB has been widely studied over the last 40 years and there is an extensive bibliography on the subject regarding the electrochemical performance attending only to the conventional energy storage requirement

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Zhang, Wenhong, Le Liu, and Lin Liu. "An on-line spectroscopic monitoring system for the electrolytes in vanadium redox flow batteries." RSC Advances 5, no. 121 (2015): 100235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra21844f.

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Zhang, Xukun, Fancheng Meng, Linquan Sun, Zhaowu Zhu, Desheng Chen, and Lina Wang. "Influence of Several Phosphate-Containing Additives on the Stability and Electrochemical Behavior of Positive Electrolytes for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery." Energies 15, no. 21 (2022): 7829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15217829.

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The poor operational stability of electrolytes is a persistent impediment in building redox flow battery technology; choosing suitable stability additives is usually the research direction to solve this problem. The effects of five phosphate containing additives (including 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP), hexamethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid (HDTMPA), amino trimethylene phosphonic acid (ATMPA), sodium ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonate (EDTMPS), and diethyl triamine pentamethylene phosphonic acid (DTPMP)) on the thermal stability and electrochemical per

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Aquigeh, Ivan Newen, Merlin Zacharie Ayissi, and Dieudonné Bitondo. "Multiphysical Models for Hydrogen Production Using NaOH and Stainless Steel Electrodes in Alkaline Electrolysis Cell." Journal of Combustion 2021 (March 19, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6673494.

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The cell voltage in alkaline water electrolysis cells remains high despite the fact that water electrolysis is a cleaner and simpler method of hydrogen production. A multiphysical model for the cell voltage of a single cell electrolyzer was realized based on a combination of current-voltage models, simulation of electrolyzers in intermittent operation (SIMELINT), existing experimental data, and data from the experiment conducted in the course of this work. The equipment used NaOH as supporting electrolyte and stainless steel as electrodes. Different electrolyte concentrations, interelectrode g

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Leiden, Alexander, Stefan Kölle, Sebastian Thiede, Klaus Schmid, Martin Metzner, and Christoph Herrmann. "Model-based analysis, control and dosing of electroplating electrolytes." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 111, no. 5-6 (2020): 1751–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-06190-0.

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Abstract Controlling and dosing electrolytes is a key challenge in the operation of electroplating process chains. Electrolyte components are continuously degraded and dragged out during the production process. This process is influenced by a variety of internal and external factors such as process parameters, the electrolyte itself, anodes, the substrates and the production environment. The exact analytical measurement of the electrolyte composition requires extensive analytical equipment and typically cannot be completely realized within an industrial plating company. Therefore, this paper p

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Gerhardt, Michael Robert, Alejandro O. Barnett, Thulile Khoza, et al. "An Open-Source Continuum Model for Anion-Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 36 (2023): 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01362002mtgabs.

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Anion-exchange membrane (AEM) electrolysis has the potential to produce green hydrogen at low cost by combining the advantages of conventional alkaline electrolysis and proton-exchange membrane electrolysis. The alkaline environment in AEM electrolysis enables the use of less expensive catalysts such as nickel, whereas the use of a solid polymer electrolyte enables differential pressure operation. Recent advancements in AEM performance and lifetime have spurred interest in AEM electrolysis, but many open research areas remain, such as understanding the impacts of water transport in the membran

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Mouron, Spencer T., Trung Van Nguyen, and Woodrow Dean. "Composition and Chemical/Electrochemical Properties of Supersaturated Vanadium (IV/V) Sulfate Supersaturated Electrolytes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2025-01, no. 4 (2025): 475. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-014475mtgabs.

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Supersaturated electrolytes, especially without chemical stabilizers, have only recently become an area of interest as they are thermodynamically unstable and therefore have traditionally limited applications. Our recent studies on supersaturated Vanadium (IV) Sulfate (VOSO4) and Vanadium (V) Sulfate ([VO2]2SO4) electrolytes, metal salt solutions used in the all-vanadium flow battery, show that these electrolytes can remain stable for extended periods of time from hours to days.[ 1 , 2 ] Further study on these electrolytes has revealed the presence of several different molecules with distinct

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Wang, Guoqian, Shan Jiang, Shoudong Ni, and Yan Zhang. "Study of Mass Transfer Enhancement of Electrolyte Flow Field by Rotating Cathode in Through-Mask Electrochemical Micromachining." Micromachines 14, no. 7 (2023): 1398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14071398.

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To solve the problem of the nonuniform distribution of temperature and electrolytic products in the electrolyte flow field during through-mask electrochemical micromachining, the use of a rotating cathode with surface structures is proposed. The rotation of the cathode increases the efficiency of heat and mass transfer by the electrolyte flow. Simulations are performed to analyze the influence of the type of surface structure, the number of surface structures, and the rotational speed of the cathode on the electrolyte flow field. The results show that the use of a rotating cathode with surface

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Menne, Valentina. "Short Flow Length for Flow through Electrodes in Redox Flow Batteries Enhances Performance Characteristics." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2025-01, no. 4 (2025): 481. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-014481mtgabs.

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Redox Flow Batteries (RFBs) are considered a promising solution for large-scale energy storage due to their inherent modularity and low self-discharge rates. However, the efficiency of RFB systems is significantly impacted by parasitic pumping power, which is necessary to circulate the electrolyte through the electrochemical reaction cells. Pumps in RFB systems are typically rated for flow rates (FR) within a state of charge (SoC) range of approximately 20-60%. Outside this range, particularly at high and low SoC levels, the system experiences high transport overpotentials. This results in low

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Zhao, Wanxiang, Chengjie Xu, Mingya Chen, et al. "Impact of Multiple Inlet and Outlet Structures of Bipolar Plate Channel on the Mass Transport in ALK Electrolyzers." Energies 18, no. 11 (2025): 2771. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18112771.

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The flow channel structure in alkaline electrolyzers critically impacts electrolyte distribution uniformity, influencing stagnant zones, gas bubble accumulation, and electrode reactions. Conventional concave–convex bipolar plates cause uneven flow and reduced current density. Therefore, a scaled-down-sized multiple inlet setup coupled with the bipolar plate channel of three typical concave–convex structures was designed to improve the uniformity of electrolyte. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics was employed to analyze the flow characteristics in the channels. The results indicated

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Jameson, Alexander, and Elod Gyenge. "Comparison of Zinc Bromine and Zinc Iodine Flow Batteries: From Electrolde to Electrolyte." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 48 (2022): 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01482000mtgabs.

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Research in flow batteries and their application in large scale energy storage has received a growing amount of attention and promise over the past two decades. Although the energy density of flow batteries is low relative to the Li-ion battery, their comparatively lower costs, preferred safety, and ease of scalability has made flow batteries some of the most promising contenders for large-scale stationary energy storage, and are currently commercially available for this purpose. The zinc-bromine flow battery (ZBFB), despite being one of the first proposed flow batteries in the 1980s, has only

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Nolte, Oliver, Ivan A. Volodin, Christian Stolze, Martin D. Hager, and Ulrich S. Schubert. "Trust is good, control is better: a review on monitoring and characterization techniques for flow battery electrolytes." Materials Horizons 8, no. 7 (2021): 1866–925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0mh01632b.

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This review article summarizes the state-of-the-art techniques for the characterization and monitoring of flow battery electrolytes highlighting in particular the importance of the electrolyte state-of-charge and state-of-health assessment.

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Nguyen, Trung Van, Yuanchao Li, and Mike L. Perry. "Densification, Precipitation, and Dissolution of Vanadium Electrolyte for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Systems." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 3 (2023): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-013728mtgabs.

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The all-vanadium redox flow battery system (VRFB) is the most mature RFB technology since it uses a single active species, which does not degrade. Rebalancing electrolytes to maintain maximum energy capacity in an RFB system that uses a single active species, or symmetrical electrolytes, is simple and enables the use of relatively low-selectivity separators, which have higher ionic conductivities.1 Conversely, finite-lifetime RFB chemistries, especially asymmetric chemistries, result in significant negative impacts on the levelized cost of storage (LCOS).2 Currently, the vanadium electrolyte u

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Prieto-Diaz, Pablo Angel, Giacomo Marini, Matteo Rugna, et al. "Electrolyte Gradients and Capacity Drop in Large Flow Battery Tanks: From Experiments to Fluid-Dynamic Investigations." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 3 (2024): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-013525mtgabs.

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A study of the effects of electrolyte flow inside the tanks on electrical performance of an industrial-size Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB) is presented. The concentration of electrolytes feeding the stacks of VRFBs is crucial in determining the device voltage and overall power performance. Usually, the assumption of perfect mixing in the tanks is assumed, but the hydraulic behavior of large VRFB can deviate significantly from this assumption depending on the electrolyte flow rate, stochiometric factor and geometry of the tanks. In this study, the State of Charge (SoC) measurements have bee

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Waters, Scott E., Jonathan R. Thurston, Robert W. Armstrong, Brian H. Robb, Michael Marshak, and David Reber. "Design Principles for Flow Batteries: Cation Dependent Membrane Resistance and Active Species Solubility." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 27 (2022): 1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02271054mtgabs.

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Aqueous redox flow batteries are generally adapted from polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells that use proton exchange membranes to balance the charge of the cell. Such membranes are well understood and exhibit excellent performance in acidic electrolytes via transport of protons. For neutral pH flow batteries however, the primary cation in solution is not H+, but the cation of the active material or supporting electrolyte salt. The nature of the cation in solution, e.g., hydrated ionic radius and charge density, significantly affects the transport resistance through the membrane and thus th

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