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Journal articles on the topic 'Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers (EMAT)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Zhang, Xu, Bo Li, Xiaolong Zhang, et al. "Internal and External Pipe Defect Characterization via High-Frequency Lamb Waves Generated by Unidirectional EMAT." Sensors 23, no. 21 (2023): 8843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23218843.

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Periodic permanent magnet(PPM) electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) are commonly employed for axial defect inspection in pipelines. However, the lowest-order shear horizontal waves (SH0) guided waves have difficulties in distinctly differentiating internal and external defects. To enhance the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution, a unidirectional electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) based on Circumferential Lamb waves (CLamb waves) is developed. Through structural parameter optimization and excitation frequency adjustment, high-amplitude and low-dispersion CLamb waves are success

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2

Chi, Dazhao, Guangyu Sun, and Haichun Liu. "Improvement of EMAT Butterfly Coil for Defect Detection in Aluminum Alloy Plate." Materials 18, no. 13 (2025): 3207. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18133207.

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For non-destructive testing (NDT) of defects in aluminum alloy plates, traditional ultrasonic contact methods face challenges from high temperatures and liquid couplant contamination. Using electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs), a key issue is that longitudinal waves (L-waves) excited by the butterfly-coil EMATs interfere with the desired shear waves (S-waves) reflected by internal defects. To solve this problem, a simulation–experiment approach optimized the butterfly coil parameters. An FE model visualized the electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) acoustic field and predicted sig

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3

Komarov, V. A. "MAGNETOELASTIC ELECTROMAGNETIC ACOUSTIC TRANSFORMATION. PART VI." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 262 (April 2020): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2020.04.pp.014-021.

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In the case of EMAT using overhead transducers, a high-frequency alternating and strong polarizing magnetic fields jointly act on the magnetoelastic medium. These fields can be positioned at different directions to each other. The article analyzes the situation when the polarizing field, located along the interface of the media and the normal component of the emitter variable field are orthogonally related. That is, the classic Wiedemann effect is implemented in EMAT. It has been shown that the Wiedemann effect in EMAT contributes primarily to the generation of shear waves. The generation of l

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4

Komarov, V. A. "MAGNETOELASTIC ELECTROMAGNETIC ACOUSTIC TRANSFORMATION. PART VI." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 262 (April 2020): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2020.04.pp.014-021.

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In the case of EMAT using overhead transducers, a high-frequency alternating and strong polarizing magnetic fields jointly act on the magnetoelastic medium. These fields can be positioned at different directions to each other. The article analyzes the situation when the polarizing field, located along the interface of the media and the normal component of the emitter variable field are orthogonally related. That is, the classic Wiedemann effect is implemented in EMAT. It has been shown that the Wiedemann effect in EMAT contributes primarily to the generation of shear waves. The generation of l

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5

Siegl, Alexander, Stefan Leithner, Bernhard Schweighofer, and Hannes Wegleiter. "Excitation of Mechanical Resonances in the Stationary Ring of a Mechanical Seal by a Continuously Operated Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer." Sensors 23, no. 2 (2023): 1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23021015.

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Acoustic/ultrasonic testing is now a common method in the field of nondestructive testing for detecting material defects or monitoring ongoing mechanical changes in a structure during operation. In many applications, piezoelectric transducers are used to generate mechanical waves inside the specimen. Their actual operating frequency is highly dependent on the dimensions of the transducer. Larger dimensions of the piezoelectric transducer allow for a lower operating frequency. However, these dimensions limit the use of piezoelectric transducers in certain applications where the size of the tran

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6

Zhang, Yinghong, Zhenghua Qian, and Bin Wang. "Modes Control of Lamb Wave in Plates Using Meander-Line Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers." Applied Sciences 10, no. 10 (2020): 3491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10103491.

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The multimode and dispersion characteristics of Lamb waves make them difficult to apply to nondestructive evaluation. This paper presents a paired configuration of a meander-line coil electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) to generate a single-mode symmetric and antisymmetric Lamb wave in aluminum plates. In the paired structure, the bias magnetic field of the EMAT that generates symmetric mode Lamb waves is perpendicular to the plate surface, while the bias magnetic field of the EMAT that generates antisymmetric Lamb waves is parallel to the plate surface. The symmetric and antisymmetric

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7

Suchkov, G. M., R. P. Mygushchenko, S. Yu Pliesnetsov, et al. "INCREASING THE SENSITIVITY OF ELECTROMAGNETIC-ACOUSTIC TRANSDUCERS FOR TESTING, MEASUREMENT AND DIAGNOSTICS OF FERROMAGNETIC METAL PRODUCTS VIA INCREASE IN THE VALUE OF MAGNETIC FIELD INDUCTION. OVERVIEW." Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika 2025, no. 2 (2025): 85–95. https://doi.org/10.15407/techned2025.02.085.

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The analysis of information sources on the development and usage of electromagnetic-acoustic methods and means of ultrasonic inspection, measurements and diagnostics was performed. It is shown that electromagnetic-acoustic (EMA) transducers (EMAT) with permanent magnets have significant advantages compared to piezoelectric transducers, but also have disadvantages, especially in the inspection of ferromagnetic metal products, both in normal and hot conditions, especially when using them in portable ultrasonic devices. Many experts suggest eliminating the disadvantages of EMAT with permanent mag

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8

Dehui, Wu, Yang Jiaxin, Chen Wenxiong, and Wang Teng. "An electromagnetic acoustic transducer with electromagnetic pulse restraining." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 63, no. 2 (2021): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2021.63.2.111.

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Electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) are widely used in non-destructive testing (NDT). However, when ultrasonic waves are excited, the transmitting coil generates a strong alternating magnetic field, resulting in the generation of an electromagnetic pulse. To address this problem, an EMAT with electromagnetic pulse restraining is presented in this paper. First, the cause of the electromagnetic pulse is investigated. Second, the conditions for restraining the electromagnetic pulse using the new transmitting coil are analysed. Finally, the design method for the new transmitting coil is p

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9

Zhang, Jingjun, Min Liu, Xiaojuan Jia, and Ruizhen Gao. "Numerical Study and Optimal Design of the Butterfly Coil EMAT for Signal Amplitude Enhancement." Sensors 22, no. 13 (2022): 4985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22134985.

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The low energy conversion efficiency of electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) is a critical issue in nondestructive testing applications. To overcome this shortcoming, a butterfly coil EMAT was developed and optimized by numerical simulation based on a 2−D finite element model. First, the effect of the structural parameters of the butterfly coil EMAT was investigated by orthogonal test theory. Then, a modified butterfly coil EMAT was designed that consists of three−square permanent magnets with opposite polarity (TSPM−OP) to enhance the signal amplitude. Finally, the signal amplitude ob

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10

Huo, Zhilin, Daomeng Cai, Donghang Liu, et al. "Development of an electromagnetic bulk wave EMAT." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2674, no. 1 (2023): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2674/1/012012.

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Abstract EMATs have the advantages of non-contact, no coupling, flexible structure, and convenient use. It is widely used in the field of ultrasonic non-destructive testing. At present, research on EMATs mainly focuses on permanent magnet EMATs, but permanent magnet EMATs have defects such as inconvenient movement and lack of high-temperature resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to study electromagnet EMATs. This article focuses on an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) for detecting ferromagnetic materials. By analyzing the two mechanisms of Lorentz force and magnetostriction, the ai

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11

Andrade, João Pedro T., Pedro Leon F. C. Bazan, Vivian S. Medeiros, and Alan C. Kubrusly. "A Simplified One-Parallel-Element Automatic Impedance-Matching Network Applied to Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers Driving." Automation 4, no. 4 (2023): 378–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/automation4040022.

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Ultrasonic waves generated and received by electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) are advantageous in non-destructive testing, mainly due to the ability to operate without physical contact with the medium under test. Nevertheless, they present a main drawback of less efficiency, which leads to a lower signal-to-noise ratio. To overcome this, the L-network impedance-matching network is often used in order to ensure maximum power transfer to the EMAT from the excitation electronics. There is a wide range of factors that affect an EMAT’s impedance, apart from the transducer itself; namely,

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12

Fan, Zubang, Shunli Peng, Yunxin Wu, and Xufei Yang. "Design of S0 mode EMAT employing a dual-row linear Halbach permanent magnet array." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 67, no. 1 (2025): 13–19. https://doi.org/10.1784/insi.2025.67.1.13.

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The multi-modal and dispersive nature of Lamb waves can make interpreting the signal difficult and restrict its application in non-destructive testing. Single-mode Lamb waves can significantly reduce signal complexity and enhance detection capabilities. To excite and amplify the single-mode S0 wave, a dual-row linear Halbach (DHB) electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) is proposed, building upon the linear Halbach array, the traditional EMAT and the periodic permanent magnet (PPM) EMAT. Finite element models are established, comparing the magnetic flux density and signal intensity of sever

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13

Liu, Suzhen, Ke Chai, Chuang Zhang, Liang Jin, and Qingxin Yang. "Electromagnetic Acoustic Detection of Steel Plate Defects Based on High-Energy Pulse Excitation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 16 (2020): 5534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10165534.

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The conventional electromagnetic ultrasonic transducers (EMATs) rely on the static magnetic field created by magnets. The magnet increases the size of the EMATs, and the strong magnetic force of the magnet attracts the detected steel and even ferromagnetic particles. It can cause mechanical damage to the transducer and the detected objects. A new high-energy acoustic excitation system, without a static bias magnetic is designed, which does not include any magnets. As the core of the system, the high-energy pulse excitation power supplies a transient high voltage to the excitation coil by the L

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14

Wang, Shen, Songling Huang, Qing Wang, Lisha Peng, and Wei Zhao. "Accelerated optimizations of an electromagnetic acoustic transducer with artificial neural networks as metamodels." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 6, no. 2 (2017): 269–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-6-269-2017.

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Abstract. Electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) are noncontact transducers generating ultrasonic waves directly in the conductive sample. Despite the advantages, their transduction efficiencies are relatively low, so it is imperative to build accurate multiphysics models of EMATs and optimize the structural parameters accordingly, using a suitable optimization algorithm. The optimizing process often involves a large number of runs of the computationally expensive numerical models, so metamodels as substitutes for the real numerical models are helpful for the optimizations. In this work

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15

Lin, Junjie, Xinfeng Guo, Lishuai Liu, Yanxun Xiang, and Fu-Zhen Xuan. "Application of coded excitation in the Rayleigh wave detection of aluminum plates with narrow-magnet EMAT." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2822, no. 1 (2024): 012120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2822/1/012120.

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Abstract The poor generation efficiency causes the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs). The magnetic fields at the edges of the magnet are fully utilized in the narrow-magnet EMAT to generate Rayleigh waves of higher amplitudes than the conventional EMAT. This paper applies the coded excitation technology to narrow-magnet EMAT to further improve the SNR and the lift-off performance in aluminum plate detection. The main phase encoding methods are Barker code and Golay code. Compared with the conventional tone-burst excitation method, both coded ex

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16

Zheng, Yang, Su Jun Li, and Hui Zheng. "The Study on EMAT Applied in Nondestructive Testing of Elevated Temperature Material." Applied Mechanics and Materials 750 (April 2015): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.750.261.

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Electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) has overcome many disadvantages of the traditional piezoelectric ultrasonic sensors and can be applied in elevated temperatures and on-line inspection. In an EMAT testing system, the tested material and EMAT itself make up a whole system. So the performance of EMAT is closely depended on some physical parameters of tested material. On the other hand, characteristic parameters of metallic materials are closely related to temperature, such as density, modulus of elasticity, electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability. As the temperature increase

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17

Trushkevych, O., and S. Dixon. "Soft magnetostrictive patches for guided wave ultrasonics using Wiedemann effect-based MPTs and EMATs." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 66, no. 1 (2024): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2024.66.1.12.

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Magnetically soft and malleable magnetostrictive (MS) alloys are highly promising as low-cost solutions for high-efficiency generation of guided waves in industrial applications and a variety of magnetostrictive patch transducers (MPTs) have been described in the literature. This work focuses on understanding the mechanisms and behaviour of soft MPTs used in the Wiedemann effect geometry, generating shear horizontal (SH) guided waves using FeCo alloy patches. MPT operation is explored in relation to patch geometry, size, magnetic field directions and guided wave wavelength. MPTs are compared w

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18

Svilainis, Linas, Vytautas Dumbrava, and Andrius Chaziachmetovas. "Investigation of the Half Bridge and Transformer Push–Pull Pulser Topologies for Ultrasonic Transducer Excitation." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 24, no. 05 (2015): 1550062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126615500620.

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Comparison of two high power pulser topologies is presented. Pulser design was aimed for piezoelectric transducer excitation, yet it can also be used for electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) or capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) excitation. Pulser can produce both single rectangular pulse and trains of rectangular arbitrary duration pulses. In order to achieve the economy of the electrical power consumption and speed both high-pulling and low-pulling elements are active switches. Energy per pulse was used to evaluate the amount of energy consumed. Two topologies were

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19

Graham, G. M., I. Charles Ume, and S. N. Hopko. "Laser Array/EMAT Ultrasonic Measurement of the Penetration Depth in a Liquid Weld Pool." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 122, no. 1 (1998): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.538910.

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Ultrasonics has become widespread as a nondestructive testing technique. The most commonly used device for generation and reception of ultrasound are contacting piezo-electric transducers. Because these devices require physical coupling with the sample, test specimens must be stationary, and surfaces both cool and nonabrasive. Obviously, traditional contacting transducers cannot be used for real-time evaluation of certain manufacturing operations, such as weld quality control, where the test specimen could be in motion, and hot as well. This paper presents an evaluation of a noncontacting ultr

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20

Sun, Cong Zhu, Anthony Sinclair, and Tobin Filleter. "Influence of Magnetostriction Induced by the Periodic Permanent Magnet Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (PPM EMAT) on Steel." Sensors 21, no. 22 (2021): 7700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21227700.

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The periodic permanent magnet electromagnetic acoustic transducer (PPM EMAT) is a sensor that can generate and receive shear horizontal (SH) waves without direct contact with the inspected medium using the Lorentz mechanism. However, the PPM EMAT experiences high signal variance on ferromagnetic steel under specific conditions, such as a change in signal amplitude when the sensor is moved in the direction of SH wave propagation. Magnetostriction effects are hypothesized to be the cause of these anomalous behaviors; the objective of this paper is to determine the relative strengths of the magne

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21

Wang, Chaoqun, Jian Ma, Luyao Wang, Xue Bai, and Jianwei Chen. "Research on butterfly coil EMAT sound field characteristics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2815, no. 1 (2024): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2815/1/012006.

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Abstract As a main coil structure of an electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer (EMAT), the butterfly coil can excite transverse waves under the action of the vertical magnetic field, which is widely used in the thickness measurement of metal plates and the detection of internal buried defects. This paper discusses the directivity of the butterfly coil in the acoustic field to facilitate the design and application of the electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer and obtain the energy distribution state of the radiated acoustic field. The acoustic field directivity of butterfly coil EMAT is discussed

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22

Dao, Duy-Vinh, Jen-Tzong Jeng, Van-Dong Doan, Huu-Thang Nguyen, and Bo-Yao Liang. "Development of Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer System for Coin Classification." Sensors 22, no. 23 (2022): 9055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239055.

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In this work, a method for identifying counterfeit coins based on an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) to detect the difference in the coin’s natural acoustic frequency response is presented. In the experimental system, the acoustic oscillation induced by a pulsed magnetic field is received by a microphone and recorded by an oscilloscope. The natural acoustic frequency of the coin is resolved by the fast Fourier transform (FFT) method on the computer. It is found that the natural frequencies of the possible counterfeit coins deviate significantly from the standard ranges of 16.9 to 17

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23

Qu, Zhengyang, Zhichao Li, Runjie Yang, Songtao Hu, and Shujuan Wang. "Extending the Incidence Angle of Shear Vertical Wave Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer with Horizontal Magnetization." Sensors 22, no. 22 (2022): 8589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228589.

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Angled shear vertical (SV) waves have been successfully employed in the non-destructive testing of welds, pipes, and railways. Non-contact meander-line coil electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMAT) have many benefits in generating angled SV waves. The most important benefit is that the incidence angle of an SV wave can be controlled by the excitation frequency. However, the incidence angle of a traditional SV-wave EMAT is reported to be under 45 degrees in many cases. In this work, such cases are tested, and the problems of the received signal at large incidence angles are found to be due t

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24

Shahnazi, Kambiz. "Electromagnetic acoustic transducers [EMAT] to measure Rayleigh wave interaction with surface crack." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 85, no. 6 (1989): 2682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.397319.

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25

Suchkov, Grigory, Ruslan Mygushchenko, Olga Kropachek, Maksym Kalnytskyi, Yurii Koshkarov, and Oleksandr Bobrov. "Study and development of a method and means for ultrasonic testing of ferromagnetic products with enhanced sensitivity." Ukrainian Metrological Journal, no. 2 (June 30, 2025): 8–15. https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.2.2025.333806.

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Modern requirements for the quality of manufactured and operated metal products are largely ensured by non-destructive testing methods, among which ultrasonic testing is the most advanced one. One of the promising ultrasonic quality assessment methods is the electromagnetic-acoustic (EMA) method, as it does not require special surface preparation of the object under test (OUT), does not imply the use of contact liquids, and offers high testing productivity. However, it is generally believed that the EMA method has low sensitivity. Some specialists suggest that the sensitivity of the EMA method

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26

Norsworthy, Richard, Jörg Grillenberger, Matthias Jurgk, and Carsten Heinks. "Locating Disbonded Coatings with EMAT Technology—Part 2." Materials Performance 51, no. 11 (2012): 44–47. https://doi.org/10.5006/mp2012_51_11-44.

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Disbonded coatings that shield pipeline cathodic protection are a leading cause of external corrosion and stress corrosion cracking Electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) technology can locate disbonded coating. Part 1 described EMAT technology (October 2012 MP). Part 2 discusses corrosion under disbonded coating.

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27

Suchkov, Hryhorii, Ruslan Mygushchenko, Serhii Pliesnetsov, Yurii Koshkarov, and Maksym Kalnytsky. "MODELING OF PULSED SOURCES OF MAGNETIC FIELD OF PORTABLE ULTRASONIC ELECTROMAGNETIC-ACOUSTIC TRANSDUCERS OR MEASUREMENTS, TESTING AND DIAGNOSTICS." Metrology and instruments, no. 1 (November 29, 2024): 06. https://doi.org/10.30837/2663-9564.2024.1.06.

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Ultrasonic electromagnetic-acoustic transducers (EMAT) with permanent magnets are used to test ferromagnetic metal products. This leads to strong pressing of the EMAT to the metal, wear, and the appearance of coherent interference, which makes it impossible to carry out measurements and diagnostics. These disadvantages can be eliminated by introducing pulse magnets. The aim of the work is to determine rational geometric parameters of a pulse magnet for EMAT. To achieve this goal, a physical and mathematical problem was formulated and modeling was performed using the Comsol Multiphysics package

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28

Hurrell, S., P. Charlton, S. Mosey, O. Rees-Lloyd, and R. Lewis. "Study on the Steering Capability of A Meander-line Coil EMAT." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 65, no. 2 (2023): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2023.65.2.95.

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Electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) are well-established as a means of ultrasonic wave generation and reception without the use of a mechanical coupling. When comprising a bias magnetic field and a meander-line coil (MLC), these waves propagate at an angle normal to the emission surface. With the appropriate frequency, the propagation pathway of these ultrasonic waves can be steered to a particular angle. This paper presents the methodology used to find the steering limit of an MLC EMAT and the results from simulations and experimental validations on aluminium. The results show that t

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29

Ren, Weiping, Ke Xu, and Peng Zhou. "Fast Measurement of Magnetostriction Coefficients for Silicon Steel Strips Using Magnetostriction-Based EMAT." Sensors 18, no. 12 (2018): 4495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124495.

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Strain gauges and optical methods are commonly used to measure the magnetostriction coefficient of a sample. All these methods require a specific size sample and can only realize offline measurement, which is time-consuming. Therefore, we propose a new method using a magnetostriction-based electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) to measure the magnetostriction coefficient. The amplitude of the ultrasonic waves generated by the EMAT is applied to characterize the magnetostriction coefficient of a sample. A nonlinear magnetostriction finite element model is established, and the simulation res

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30

Gautam, Ambuj Kumar, Ching-Chung Yin, and Bishakh Bhattacharya. "Design of orthogonal directional shear horizontal electromagnetic acoustic transducer." Proceedings of the Annual British Conference on Non-Destructive Testing 2023, no. 1 (2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/ndt2023.1b4.

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This research proposed an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) for generating and receiving orthogonal directional shear horizontal (ODSH) guided waves in the metal plate-like structure. The proposed EMAT generates the fundamental mode of SH wave in the horizontal and vertical direction in the plane of the test sample. The ODSHEMAT combines a new Chevron-like coil design which generates an eddy current effect in the skin depth of the plate surface, and a periodic permanent magnet that applies a static magnetic field vertically with a periodicity equal to its wavelength. The direction of

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31

Chen, Le, Yue Min Wang, and Hai Quan Geng. "Flaw Detection in Aluminum Plate by Shear Horizontal Guided Wave Based on Magnetostriction EMAT." Applied Mechanics and Materials 614 (September 2014): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.614.287.

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Shear horizontal (SH) guided waves have been proved to be a viable method in the Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE). Electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMAT) can excite SH waves easily. By bonding the Fe-Co alloy to the test sample, the SH guided waves based on magnetostriction effect can be used to detect the flaw in nonferromagnetic material. The principle of exciting and receiving SH waves is introduced, and an experiment is carried out to validate the result.

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Park, Junpil, Jaesun Lee, Junki Min, and Younho Cho. "Defects Inspection in Wires by Nonlinear Ultrasonic-Guided Wave Generated by Electromagnetic Sensors." Applied Sciences 10, no. 13 (2020): 4479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10134479.

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Steel wires are widely used as raw materials for spring valves in engines. Considering the quality and safety issues of their structure, there is a demand to develop nondestructive inspection approaches to detect initial damages in steel. In this study, nonlinear ultrasonic-guided waves generated by an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) were used to inspect the defects in steel wires. As one of the noncontact testing methods, the use of EMAT has significant advantages to decrease the nonlinearity induced by instruments and transducer contact condition. The principles of design and manu

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33

Zhang, Xu, Jiang Cheng, Gongzhe Qiu, Jun Tu, XiaoChun Song, and Chen Cai. "Shear horizontal circumferential wave EMAT design for pipeline inspection based on FEM." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 64, no. 1-4 (2020): 913–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-209405.

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The electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) is widely used in In-Line Inspection of gas pipeline. However, the transduction efficiency of the EMAT transmitter is lower compared with the traditional piezoelectric transducer and needs improving. To enhance the amplitude of the received signal, an improved periodic-permanent-magnet EMAT is provided as well as its construction method to generate shear horizontal guided waves propagating in the circumferential direction. By designing a racetrack coil and magnetic array with the same radian of the annular pipeline, the EMAT is more suitable to ge

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34

Du, Lianren, Ruizhen Gao, and Xiaojuan Jia. "Antisymmetric Lamb Wave Simulation Study Based on Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer with Periodic Permanent Magnets." Sensors 23, no. 16 (2023): 7117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23167117.

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Due to its multi-mode and dispersion characteristics, Lamb waves cause interference to signal processing, which profoundly limits their application in nondestructive testing. To resolve this issue, firstly, based on the traditional EMAT, a horizontal polarization periodic permanent magnet electromagnetic acoustic transducer (HP-PPM-EMAT) was proposed. A 2-D finite element model was then developed to compare magnetic flux density, Lorentz force, and signal strength between the traditional EMAT and the HP-PPM-EMAT. The simulation results show that the HP-PPM-EMAT enhances the A0 mode Lamb wave (

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35

Rieger, Kai, Daniel Erni, and Dirk Rueter. "A compact and powerful EMAT design for contactless detection of inhomogeneities inside the liquid volume of metallic tanks." tm - Technisches Messen 87, no. 5 (2020): 349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/teme-2019-0124.

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AbstractA simple and powerful design of an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) without bulky permanent magnets is presented. The EMAT is operated in a pulse echo modality and generates longitudinal ultrasound at about 1 MHz. Unlike shear waves, these longitudinal ultrasound pulses can propagate in liquids.The generally addressed application scenario is the examination of a liquid volume inside a metallic container or tank, e. g., the detection of inhomogeneities within the liquid. The herein proposed EMAT operates for virtually all metallic containers, i. e., it succeeds for container w

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36

Yuan, Wei, Ze Liu, Pengfei Zhao, and Jiwei Huo. "A new pulse electromagnet structure to model a transverse magnetic field to pick up the out-of-plane for laser-EMAT integrated system." AIP Advances 12, no. 9 (2022): 095009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0107190.

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In order for an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) to be able to pick up the out-of-plane vibrations of ultrasonic waves generated by the laser and to facilitate the movement of the system, a new pulse electromagnet EMAT is proposed, which can be combined with a laser to form a new laser–pulse electromagnet EMAT integrated system. Because of the unique structure of the pulse electromagnet EMAT, it can not only generate a uniform transverse magnetic field in the shallow surface of the specimen just below the EMAT receiving coil but also leave enough space above the magnetic field to ens

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Chen, Li, Wang-Rim Choi, Jeong-Gu Lee, Yi-Gon Kim, Hong-Sik Moon, and Young-Chul Bae. "Oil-Tank Weld Detection Using EMAT." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 14, no. 02 (2017): 1750008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843617500086.

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Tanks are typically used for the storage of oil by the petrochemical industry, and the storage quality is largely determined by the safety of the equipment. Recently, Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) technology has been the focus of many non-destructive examinations, as EMATs can generate elastic waves without contact, thereby making it easy to carry out the process of detection. The Shear Horizontal (SH)-guided waves that are generated by an EMAT are modeled in a plate made of ferromagnetic material, and this is of particular interest regarding the testing of welded structures. This

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Norsworthy, Richard, Jörg Grillenberger, Matthias Jurgk, and Carsten Heinks. "Locating Disbonded Coatings with EMAT Technology—Part 1." Materials Performance 51, no. 10 (2012): 40–44. https://doi.org/10.5006/mp2012_51_10-40.

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Disbonded coatings allow external corrosion and stress corrosion cracking to occur on cathodically protected pipelines when there is an electrolyte under the disbondment. Electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMA T) technology can locate disbonded coating. Part 1 discusses EMAT technology and Part 2 (November 2012 MP) will discuss corrosion and disbonded coating.

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Zhao, Xiaoliang, Venugopal K. Varma, Gang Mei, Bulent Ayhan, and Chiman Kwan. "In-Line Nondestructive Inspection of Mechanical Dents on Pipelines With Guided Shear Horizontal Wave Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 127, no. 3 (2005): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1991879.

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Circumferential guided ultrasonic Shear Horizontal (SH) wave Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) pairs mounted on a mobile fixture in a through-transmission mode were used for detection and characterization of mechanical dents on the outer surface of a pipe wall from inside the pipe. The dents were created on a 12 in. diameter standard seamless steel pipe by hydraulically pressing steel balls of various sizes into the pipe wall. n1 mode SH wave was directed through and along the wall of the pipe. Multiple measurements were obtained both from the dents and from the no-flaw region of the

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Nurmalia, Nurmalia. "Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) sebagai Transduser Ultrasonik untuk Nondestructive Testing (NDT): Ulasan Artikel." Jurnal Otomasi Kontrol dan Instrumentasi 13, no. 1 (2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/joki.2020.13.1.1.

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Nondestructive testing (NDT) digunakan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan cacat pada suatu objek tanpa merusak objek tersebut, sehingga ideal untuk digunakan pada komponen-komponen infrastruktur yang sudah terpasang dan beroperasi. Diantara berbagai teknik, NDT ultrasonik memiliki kemampuan untuk menginspeksi cacat di sepanjang ketebalan objek, tidak hanya cacat permukaan. Metode pembangkitan gelombang ultrasonik yang paling populer adalah menggunaan piezoelectric transducer (PZT). Transduser ini memiliki efisiensi yang tinggi tetapi merupakan transduser kontak dan memerlukan pelumas (couplant), yang

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Saxena, Prashant. "On the General Governing Equations of Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers." Archive of Mechanical Engineering 60, no. 2 (2013): 231–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/meceng-2013-0015.

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In this paper, we present the general governing equations of electrodynamics and continuum mechanics that need to be considered while mathematically modelling the behaviour of electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs). We consider the existence of finite deformations for soft materials and the possibility of electric currents, temperature gradients, and internal heat generation due to dissipation. Starting with Maxwell’s equations of electromagnetism and balance laws of nonlinear elasticity, we present the governing equations and boundary conditions in incremental form in order to solve wav

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Xie, Yuedong, Sergio Rodriguez, Wenbo Zhang, Zenghua Liu, and Wuliang Yin. "Simulation of an Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer Array by Using Analytical Method and FDTD." Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5451821.

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Previously, we developed a method based on FEM and FDTD for the study of an Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer Array (EMAT). This paper presents a new analytical solution to the eddy current problem for the meander coil used in an EMAT, which is adapted from the classic Deeds and Dodd solution originally intended for circular coils. The analytical solution resulting from this novel adaptation exploits the large radius extrapolation and shows several advantages over the finite element method (FEM), especially in the higher frequency regime. The calculated Lorentz force density from the analyti

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Zhang, Jin, Xin Wang, Xuebin Wang, et al. "Methods for enhancement of high-sensitivity detection for a surface wave EMAT." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 66, no. 4 (2021): 669–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-201609.

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Due to the poor conversion efficiency and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) testing, the defect detection sensitivity is limited, which restricts the extensive industrial applications. A finite element model for the testing process of a meander-coil EMAT was established that considers the simplified excitation and detection circuits for the EMAT. Based on this model, the effect of the connection methods (parallel or series) of the coils in the generating and receiving EMATs on their generating and receiving efficiency was investigated, and the simulation

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Bolyukh, V. F., G. M. Suchkov, R. P. Mygushchenko, and M. E. Kalnytskyi. "Determination of parameters of an autonomous source of a constant magnetic field for a portable electromagnetic-acoustic transducer." Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, no. 4 (July 2, 2025): 72–79. https://doi.org/10.20998/2074-272x.2025.4.09.

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Purpose. Determination of rational parameters of an autonomous source of constant magnetic field, ensuring the efficiency of using portable electromagnetic-acoustic transducers (EMAT) for diagnostics of remote ferromagnetic objects. Methodology. An analysis of the parameters of an autonomous magnetic field source consisting of a permanent magnet and a ferromagnetic screen magnetizing a ferromagnetic object with a flat surface, providing a central magnetic field along the magnet axis above 0.3 T, was carried out. Results. The results of experimental studies on a sample of an autonomous source,

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Wu, Yutang, and Yunxin Wu. "The Effect of Magnet-to-Coil Distance on the Performance Characteristics of EMATs." Sensors 20, no. 18 (2020): 5096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185096.

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The poor conversion efficiency and obvious lift-off effect of the electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) are commonly known to be problems for its practical application. For the purpose of enhancing the performance of EMATs, numerical simulations were performed in order to analyze the effect of various parameters. The results indicate that only the magnet-to-coil distance can effectively enhance the conversion efficiency and weaken the lift-off effect at the same time. When the magnet-to-coil distance is 2 mm, the lift-off effect will continue to be weakened as the magnet-to-coil distance

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Zhao, Shuaijie, Jinjie Zhou, Yao Liu, Jitang Zhang, and Jie Cui. "Application of Adaptive Filtering Based on Variational Mode Decomposition for High-Temperature Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer Denoising." Sensors 22, no. 18 (2022): 7042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22187042.

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In high-temperature environments, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the signal measured by electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMAT) is low, and the signal characteristics are difficult to extract, which greatly affects their application in practical industry. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes the least mean square adaptive filtering interpolation denoising method based on variational modal decomposition (AFIV). Firstly, the high-temperature EMAT signal was decomposed by variational modal decomposition (VMD). Then the high-frequency and low-frequency noises in the signal were filt

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Petcher, P. A., M. D. G. Potter, and S. Dixon. "A new electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) design for operation on rail." NDT & E International 65 (July 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2014.03.007.

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Ge, Zhizeng, Jinjie Zhou, Xingquan Shen, Xingjun Zhang, and Caixia Qi. "An Adaptive Noise Reduction Method for High Temperature and Low Voltage Electromagnetic Detection Signals Based on SVMD Combined with ICEEMDAN." Micromachines 15, no. 8 (2024): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi15080977.

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In view of the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of shear wave electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMAT) in the detection of high-temperature equipment, the use of low excitation voltage (LEV) further deteriorates the detection results, resulting in the echo signal containing defects being drowned in noise. For the extraction of the EMAT signal, an adaptive noise reduction method is proposed. Firstly, the minimum envelope entropy is taken as the fitness function for the Harris Hawks Optimizer (HHO), and the optimal successive variational mode decomposition (SVMD) balance parameter is searched

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AOKI, Fumiko, Tatsuya HIRAMOTO, Kosuke KANDA, and Toshihiko SUGIURA. "Experimental Study of Guided Wave Transmission in Wire-rope using Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers." Journal of the Japan Society of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 23, no. 2 (2015): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14243/jsaem.23.308.

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Jiang, Chao, Wencai Liu, Yun Song, and Xinjun Wu. "Conversion efficiency research on the position of coils in the EMAT." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 64, no. 1-4 (2020): 1135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-209430.

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The EMAT (electromagnetic acoustic transducer) has been used to measure the thickness of the metallic plate in some industries recently. Comparing with the piezoelectric transducer, its low energy conversion efficiency due to the lift-off effect limits its further application. Based on the eddy current energy partition, the distances between the copper sheet and the coils are studied. In consideration of the influence of magnetic flux density, a principle about the energy conversion efficiency and the coils position is proposed. The optimal distances between the copper sheet and the coils unde

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