Journal articles: 'Electromagnetic band gap structure (EBG)'

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Et. al., Suresh Akkole,. "DESIGN OF SQUARE MICROSTRIP PATCH MULTI BAND ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION USING EBG STRUCTURE." INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN INDUSTRY 9, no. 2 (April 13, 2021): 1086–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/itii.v9i2.456.

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Application of electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structure and its use in the design of antenna and microwave integrated circuits is becoming more attractive. The recent electromagnetic band-gap structure method is capturing more importance in antenna design due to its uniqueness properties to suppress the propagation of surface waves in microstrip patch antenna. In this paper a square microstrip antenna is designed and its performance parameters are compared with geometry designed on EBG structure. The square antenna of 29 mm x29 mm size is designed at 2.455 GHz and analysis is done using IE3D simulation software. The proposed work mainly focuses on modification of antenna using electronic band gap structure (EBG). The antenna parameters such as Return loss, VSWR, Gain and Bandwidth, with and without EBG are obtained using IE3D simulation tool. The Electromagnetic band-gap structures have been used to improve the performance of the gain of the antennas and radiation patterns. One of the main advantages of electromagnetic band-gap structure is its ability to suppress the surface wave current present on the microstrip antenna. Combining the square patch with EBG structure, the bandwidth of the antenna has been increased by 34.66%, and attained gain of 44.44% at resonant frequency around 2.4 GHz as compared to the antenna without EBG..

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Zheng, Qiu-Rong, Yun-Qi Fu, and Nai-Chang Yuan. "A Novel Compact Spiral Electromagnetic Band-Gap (EBG) Structure." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 56, no. 6 (June 2008): 1656–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2008.923305.

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Michishita, Naobumi. "Electromagnetic Band Gap Structure for Suppressing Radio Wave." IEICE Communications Society Magazine 2010, no. 15 (2010): 15_18–15_24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/bplus.2010.15_18.

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Jia, Ying, Ruo Meng Hou, Hong Ning Tian, Hou Sui Zhao, and Hu Xu. "Study on the EBG Structure Absorbing Composites." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 1012–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.1012.

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Two different types of carbon-based composites are made, to measure their electromagnetic parameters through experiments, which are applied to the construction of high impedance surface electromagnetic band gap absorbing structure. Then, through the application of electromagnetic simulation software HFSSv.11 the reflection coefficients of the models are measured as the electromagnetic frequency changes. The research shows that the application of carbon-based composites can improve the EBG absorbing structure, thus having such functions as heat resistance, corrosion resistance, light weight and high tensile strength. Therefore, it is feasible to apply the carbon-based composite to the EBG absorbing structure to improve its performance.

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Hajlaoui, El Amjed. "A new compact dual band printed monopole antenna using electromagnetic band gap structures." Circuit World 43, no. 2 (May 2, 2017): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cw-11-2016-0061.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a new dual-band printed monopole antenna with a partial ground with two notched bands based on electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures. A new type of EBG antenna with radiation patterns and antenna gains over the operating bands has been developed. Design/methodology/approach The proposed antenna consists of a pair of EBG structures using a transmission line model. The proposed antenna is designed on an FR4 substrate with a thickness of 1 mm and permittivity (er) = 4.3. Findings The measured results show good dual-band operations with −10 dB impedance bandwidths of 9.1 and 36.2 per cent centered at 2.45 and 6.364 GHz, respectively, which covers the wireless local area network (WLAN) operating bands. Originality/value A new type of EBG antenna with radiation patterns and antenna gains over the operating bands has been developed.

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Wang, Yue, Shu Hui Yang, Peng Geng, and Ying Chao Chen. "An Improved Electromagnetic Band Gap Structure for Overcoming the Simultaneous Switching Noise." Applied Mechanics and Materials 577 (July 2014): 469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.577.469.

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In order to decrease the signal integrity problems caused by Simultaneous Switching Noise (SSN) in the high speed circuit, it has designed an improved planar electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structure, which based on metamaterials. We want to model and simulate the stop-band characteristics by using the electromagnetic simulation software HFSS. The results show that, compared with the traditional UC-EBG structure, when the inhibition of depth is-30 dB, the bandwidth of this new type EBG of inhibition is 3.7 GHz, the upper cut-off frequency is 4.7 GHz, the lower cut-off frequency is 1 GHz, relative bandwidth is 130%.Compared with the traditional UC-EBG structure relative bandwidth increase 15%.

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Yang, Hong, Dan Liu, and Wei Chen. "Research and Design of Magnetic Substrate Microstrip Antenna with Electromagnetic Band-Gap Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 685 (October 2014): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.685.314.

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Based on the magnetic materials (JV-5) substrate, Double L-shaped slot microstrip antenna is designed. The bandwidth is over 2 times that of the normal substrate and a 40% reduction in size happens.. On this basis, the microstrip antenna with magnetic substrate EBG structure is designed and the EBG structure uses the corrosive effects of joint floor, namely getting periodic H-shaped and circular structures by the floor corrosion, and performing a simulation with HFSS14.0. The results show that the EBG structure of magnetic material having a prominent advantage of the miniaturization and bandwidth-broaden compared to a microstrip antenna with non-magnetic materials substrate, resulting in more than 10% relative bandwidth and a slight gain loss. To some degree, introducing EBG structure can reduce the size of the antenna and increase its bandwidth, and it also improve the gain and radiation characteristics of the antenna.Key words: EBG structure; magnetic material;Double L-shaped slot microstrip antenna; gain

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Praveen Kumar, K., and Habibullah Khan. "Optimization of Electromangnetic Band Gap Structure for Mutual Coupling Reduction in Antenna Arrays-A Comparative Study." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.6 (July 4, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.6.14925.

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In this paper, two new three layer (stacked) Electromagnetic Band Gap structures are proposed, named as Stacked Electromagnetic Band Gap (SEBG) and Progressive Stack Electromagnetic Band Gap (PSEBG) structures. Its electromagnetic (EM) properties are determined by using Finite element method (FEM) based simulator and obtained results are compared with classical mushroom type electromagnetic band gap (MEBG) structure. Both SEBG and PSEBG structures proposed in this paper consists of two layers above the conducting ground plane; a lower layer, contains array of small MEBGs with square patches and an upper layer contains square planar MEBG structure. Vertical conducting stubs passing through substrate shorting all square patches in both the layers with conducting ground. Three EBG structures are exhibiting the property of forbidden band gap (FBG), where surface wave propagation is restricted. The FBG property helps in minimization of mutual coupling between array antennas when electromagnetic band gap structures are incorporated between array elements. In this paper, the level of coefficient of mutual coupling between array antenna in the presence of SEBG and PSEBG are investigated, obtained results are compared with classical MEBG results. The co-efficient of mutual coupling is reduced up to 12dB in the presence of proposed models.

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Zhang, Xiaoyan, Zhaopeng Teng, Zhiqing Liu, and Bincheng Li. "A Dual Band Patch Antenna with a Pinwheel-Shaped Slots EBG Substrate." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/815751.

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A dual band microstrip patch antenna integrated with pinwheel-shaped electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structures is proposed. The patch antenna consists of a pair of spiral slots on the patch and is fed by using coaxial line. Its full-wave simulation predicts dual bands from 4.43 GHz to 4.56 GHz and from 4.96 GHz to 5.1 GHz in the C-band. The designed EBG with eight pinwheel-shaped slots addresses smaller frequency drift compared with the traditional square mushroom-like EBG when applied to the patch antenna. With the help of designed EBG structure, the impedance bandwidth, radiation efficiency, and gain of the patch antenna are improved significantly. The 10 dB impedance bandwidth is extended by 3.4% and 6.5% at the low- and high-frequency bands, respectively. The radiation efficiency is increased by 5% and 17.8%, and the realized gain is enhanced by 1.87 dB and 1.56 dB at 4.57 GHz and 5.06 GHz, respectively. The designed EBG structure may have many applications in other types of planar antennas.

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Abdulhameed, M. K., M. S. Mohamad Isa, Z. Zakaria, Mowafak K. Mohsin, and Mothana L. Attiah. "Mushroom-Like EBG to Improve Patch Antenna Performance For C-Band Satellite Application." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 3875. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i5.pp3875-3881.

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In order to suppress the surface waves excitation that are caused by thick substrate in a patch antenna, a mushroom-like EBG (Electromagnetic Band Gap) structure is used. Such structures enhance its characteristics of gain, directivity, bandwidth and efficiency. Firstly, we determined frequency band gap characteristics of mushroom like EBG unit cell value by using CST software with 3mm (0.06λo) for covering 6 GHz. The periodic arrangement of such mushroom-like EBG structures was not limited by any interconnecting microstrip lines. Four columns of EBGs shifted inwards to antenna edges by 0.3mm (0.06λo) or a gap of its design around the patch from the left and right sides. Different configurations were also examined in order to get the better improvement in antenna performance. The final design of this mushroom-like shifted periodic structure shows an effective increase in the directivity by 77%, gain by 108%, bandwidth by 29% and the efficiency by 20% for the antenna. This structure has diversified application possibility for wireless and satellite communications.

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Ouassal, Hassna, Jafar Shaker, Langis Roy, Khelifa Hettak, and Reza Chaharmir. "Line Defect-Layered EBG Waveguides in Dielectric Substrates." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2018 (June 4, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3469730.

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A dielectric-based multilayer structure composed of U-shaped rings (ML-UR) is used to develop a class of novel electromagnetic band gap (EBG) slab waveguide. The structure has two band gaps that narrow down as dielectric constant is increased. The EBG slab waveguide is created by embedding a single-layer line defect inside the 3D crystal of the EBG slab guide. Unlike our previously published foam-based EBG structure, the use of dielectric spacer in the EBG waveguides offers significant advantages in terms of overall size, structure reliability, and design flexibility. The waveguide structures reported in this paper are designed to operate at X-band (8–12 GHz) while being fed by coplanar-slotline transitions. Prototypes were fabricated and characterized experimentally. The insertion loss decreases by decreasing the number of full lattices of ML-UR surrounding the channels. The proposed waveguide has potential in microwave components such as directional couplers, phase shifters, and antenna array feeding networks.

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Benykhlef, F. "EBG Structures for Reduction of Mutual Coupling in Patch Antennas Arrays." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 13, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v13i1.242.

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An important issue in antenna array design is reduction of mutual coupling. In square microstrip antennas this reduction can be achieved by using electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structures. They can help in the reduction of mutual coupling by using their capability of suppressing surface waves propagation in a given frequency range. In this paper, we analyze the isolation properties of different EBG structures are compare them in antennas arrays by simulations. A new configuration of a planar compact electromagnetic bandgap structure is investigated. Compared to the conventional EBG (mushroom structure), a size reduction of 67.2% is achieved. Simulation results show that a significant value of mutual coupling reduction, more than 6 dB, can be obtained by using the proposed structure.

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Taheri, Z., and K. Maphinejad. "Switchable Bandpass Filter with Capacitive MEMS Switches and EBG Structures." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 4162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.4162.

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This paper presents a new switchable band pass filter based on electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) and coplanar-waveguide (CPW) structures and tuned by the MEMS shunt and series capacitive switches. By tuning the bridge height of the MEMS switches with low voltages (lower than 14.5v), the center frequency would be shifted with almost constant bandwidth. Proposed structure has smaller chip size and lower insertion (better than 0.375 dB) in mid band frequencies. Results show using MEMS technology and EBG structures not only improve the performance of the filter, but also they optimize the chip size. Therefore, it is suitable for radars, wireless, safe and multi-frequency communication systems.

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Elsheakh, Dalia M., and Esmat A. Abdallah. "Compact multiband printed-IFA on electromagnetic band-gap structures for wireless applications." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 5, no. 4 (April 3, 2013): 551–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078713000263.

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Fourth generation mobiles require multi-standard operating handsets with small physical size as well as increasing demand for higher data rates. Compact multi-band printed inverted-F antennas (IFA) for available wireless communications are proposed in this paper. New design of printed IFA based on uniplanar compact electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structure concept is proposed. A printed-IFA with L-load shaped over an artificial ground plane is designed as the main antenna to cover most wireless applications such as GSM, LTE, UMTS, Bluetooth, Wimax, and WLAN. The multi-band is created by means of an EBG structure that is used as a ground plane. Different shapes of uniplanar EBG such as ring, split ring resonator, and spiral rather than mushroom-like structure are investigated. The proposed antenna is built on the uniplanar EBG ground plane with size of 35 × 45 mm2, which is suitable for most of the mobile devices.

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Hadarig, R. C., M. E. de Cos, and F. Las-Heras. "Microstrip Patch Antenna Bandwidth Enhancement Using AMC/EBG Structures." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/843754.

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A microstrip patch antenna with bandwidth enhancement by means of artificial magnetic conductor (AMC)/electromagnetic band-gap structure (EGB) is presented. The electrical characteristics of the embedded structure are evaluated using MoM simulations. The manufactured prototypes are characterized in terms of return loss, gain, and radiation pattern measurements in an anechoic chamber.

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Iliev, I., M. Nedelchev, and E. Markov. "A Novel 2D Z-Shaped Electromagnetic Bandgap Structure." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 5, no. 1 (February 8, 2015): 760–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.530.

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This paper researches a novel 2D Z-shaped Electromagnetic Band-Gap (EBG) structure, its dispersion diagram and application field. Based on a transmission line model, the dispersion equation is derived and theoretically investigated. In order to validate theoretical results, a full wave analysis is performed and the electromagnetic properties of the structure are revealed. The theoretical results show good agreement with the full wave simulation results. The frequency response of the structure is compared to the well know structures of Jerusalem cross and patch EBG. The results show the applicability of the proposed 2D Z-shaped EBG in microstrip patch antennas, microstrip filters and high speed switching circuits, where the suppression of parasitic surface wave is required.

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Hajlaoui, El Amjed, and Ziyad Almohaimeed. "Analysis and Development of an Efficient Cross-Slot Loaded Compact Electromagnetic Band Gap Antenna." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 36, no. 6 (August 6, 2021): 734–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.360615.

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This paper is devoted to a novel Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) single-feed circularly polarized microstrip EBG antenna with compact size proposed for C-Band applications. The antenna structure will include eight slits introduced at the boundary and the corners in the radiating square patch with a cross-slot at the center. The provided study will effectively approve the various proposed structures and interest occupied by these types of antennas in the enhancement of output parameters (gain, directivity, radiation efficiency, and bandwidth) without much affecting the operating bandwidth at C-band. At first, the concept and the realization of a directive and circularly polarized antenna using an electromagnetic band gap material whose circular polarization is generated by the structure itself is discussed. The analysis and simulation results are presented for an antenna operating at 6.1 GHz using computer Simulation Technologies (CST). Furthermore, the new compact circular polarized EBG antenna, compared to experimental results, will confirm the pre-studied goal of these kinds of antennas such as radiation efficiency, polarization purity, radiation efficiency, high directivity, and gain.

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Manikonda, Ramesh, Rajyalakshmi Valluri, and Mallikarjuna Rao Prudhivi. "J-slot EBG structure for SAR Reduction of Dual Band J-slot Textile Antenna." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 12, no. 2 (November 1, 2018): 794. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i2.pp794-802.

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In this article, the dual band is achieved with J-slot on rectangular Textile antenna on Jeans fabric as substrate. It resonates at the 2.4 GHz and 5.4 GHz of Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) bands. The novel J-slot Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) array consists of 2x2 elements. It is used as superstrate of J-slot textile antenna for Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) reduction and gain enhancement. The Reflection coefficient and VSWR of dual band textile antenna are simulated and measured with and without human body.

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Wang, Zhong Qing, Li Dan Peng, Bao Li, and Rong Sen Xu. "Study on Band-Gap Characteristics of EBG Material and its Application in Microstrip Antenna." Applied Mechanics and Materials 391 (September 2013): 512–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.391.512.

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In this letter, the characteristics of electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) material are studied, and then a novel microstrip antenna is proposed by using EBG structure. The antenna is constituted with loading the EBG structure into the dielectric substrate. The size of microstrip patch in EBG antenna with the coaxial feed is only 0.22×0.22 whereis the free space wavelength at 5.22 GHz, which the microstrip antenna is designed by the technique of patch grooved and short pin. The simulation results show that the EBG antenna has two resonant frequencies at 5.22GHz and 5.68GHz, the gains of them reaching to 5.32dB, 4.98dB respectively. Moreover, it has a good impedance matching in 5.14GHz~5.86GHz, which covers two bandwidths of WLAN.

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Phuong, Huynh Nguyen Bao, Dao Ngoc Chien, and Tran Minh Tuan. "Novel Design of Electromagnetic Bandgap Using Fractal Geometry." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/162396.

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A novel electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structural design based on Fractal geometry is presented in this paper. These Fractals, which are the Sierpinski triangles, are arranged to repeat each 60° to produce the hexagonal unit cells. By changing the gap between two adjacent Sierpinski triangles inside EBG unit cell, we can produce two EBG structures separately that have broadband and dual bandgap. By using the suspending microtrip method, two arrays 3 × 4 of EBG unit cells are utilized to investigate the bandgap of the EBG structures. The EBG operation bandwidth of the broadband structure is about 87% and of the dual-band structure is about 40% and 35% at the center bandgap frequencies, respectively. Moreover, a comparison between the broadband EBG and the conventional mushroom-like EBG has been done. Experimental results of the proposed design show good agreement in comparison with simulation results.

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Abdulhameed, Muhannad Kaml, M. S. Mohamad Isa, I. M. Ibrahim, Z. Zakaria, Mowafak K. Mohsen, Mothana L. Attiah, and Ahmed M. Dinar. "Side lobe reduction in array antenna by using novel design of EBG." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i1.pp308-315.

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A novel design of EBG is used to replace the mushroom like EBG for surrounding the array patch antenna. In order to improve its radiation performances, Electromagnetic band stop for reducing the surface waves effects is presented. The novel design of Triple Side Slotted EBG (TSSEBG) showed an improvement in the antenna efficiency, directivity and gain as compared to the reference antenna without using EBG, due to reduce the surface waves effects which leads to decrease the side lobes. TSSEBG has been introduced by some modifications in conventional mushroom-like EBG structure. Reducing the complexity was achieved by reducing the number of unit cells and vias, in case of used TSSEBG instead of mushroom like EBG. Additionally, the TSSEBG provided triple band gap compared with mushroom like EBG structure which had only one band gap frequency at 6 GHz. The placement of TSSEBG is a flexible structure which provides a good choice in the antenna applications. The simulation results of array patch antenna with and without mushroom like EBG and TSSEBG are arranged in Table 1. This structure has vast applications in satellite communications.

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Zheng, Q. R., B. Q. Lin, Y. Q. Fu, and N. C. Yuan. "Characteristics and Applications of a Novel Compact Spiral Electromagnetic Band-Gap (EBG) Structure." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 21, no. 2 (January 1, 2007): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156939307779378844.

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Li, Hong Mei, Jin Yue Wang, Li Kun Xing, Xin Yu Cao, and Tie Xin Yang. "A Design of EBG-PIFA for RFID Applications in UHF Band." Applied Mechanics and Materials 427-429 (September 2013): 1141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.427-429.1141.

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One of the longstanding problems in planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) is its efficiency, which reduces as PIFA is placed too close to the ground. In this paper a kind of mushroom-like Electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure with three conductor layers is designed In the UHF band, which has smaller unit cells and thinner thickness compared to classical ones. This kind of mushroom-like EBG structure is used as the reflector of PIFA with capacitor structure. It is demonstrated that PIFAs with EBG grounds have higher radiation efficiency than those with PEC ground. At the same time, no significant changes in the antenna resonance frequency and the radiation patterns are found. The theoretical prediction is well verified by results of both simulation and experiment.

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Ashyap, Adel Y. I., N. I. M. Elamin, S. H. Dahlan, Z. Z. Abidin, Chan Hwang See, H. A. Majid, Najib AL-Fadhali, Jameel A. A. Mukred, Gameel Saleh, and B. A. F. Esmail. "Via-less electromagnetic band-gap-enabled antenna based on textile material for wearable applications." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): e0246057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246057.

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A compact fabric antenna structure integrated with electromagnetic bandgap structures (EBGs) covering the desired frequency spectrum between 2.36 GHz and 2.40 GHz for Medical Body-Area Networks (MBANs), is introduced. The needs of flexible system applications, the antenna is preferably low-profile, compact, directive, and robust to the human body's loading effect have to be satisfied. The EBGs are attractive solutions for such requirements and provide efficient performance. In contrast to earlier documented EBG backed antenna designs, the proposed EBG behaved as shielding from the antenna to the human body, reduced the size, and acted as a radiator. The EBGs reduce the frequency detuning due to the human body and decrease the back radiation, improving the antenna efficiency. The proposed antenna system has an overall dimension of 46×46×2.4 mm3. The computed and experimental results achieved a gain of 7.2 dBi, a Front to Back Ratio (FBR) of 12.2 dB, and an efficiency of 74.8%, respectively. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) demonstrates a reduction of more than 95% compared to the antenna without EBGs. Moreover, the antenna performance robustness to human body loading and bending is also studied experimentally. Hence, the integrated antenna-EBG is a suitable candidate for many wearable applications, including healthcare devices and related applications.

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Alam, Md Shahidul, Norbahiah Misran, Baharudin Yatim, and Mohammad Tariqul Islam. "Development of Electromagnetic Band Gap Structures in the Perspective of Microstrip Antenna Design." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/507158.

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Electromagnetic band gap (EBG) technology has become a significant breakthrough in the radio frequency (RF) and microwave applications due to their unique band gap characteristics at certain frequency ranges. Since 1999, the EBG structures have been investigated for improving performances of numerous RF and microwave devices utilizing the surface wave suppression and the artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) properties of these special type metamaterial. Issues such as compactness, wide bandwidth with low attenuation level, tunability, and suitability with planar circuitry all play an important role in the design of EBG structures. Remarkable efforts have been undertaken for the development of EBG structures to be compatible with a wide range of wireless communication systems. This paper provides a comprehensive review on various EBG structures such as three-, two-, and one-dimensional (3D, 2D, and 1D) EBG, mushroom and uniplanar EBG, and their successive advancement. Considering the related fabrication complexities, implementation of vialess EBG is an attractive topic for microwave engineers. For microstrip antennas, EBG structures are used in diversified ways, which of course found to be effective except in some cases. The EBG structures are also successfully utilized in antenna arrays for reducing the mutual coupling between elements of the array. Current challenges and limitations of the typical microstrip antennas and different EBG structures are discussed in details with some possible suggestions. Hopefully, this survey will guide to increasing efforts towards the development of more compact, wideband, and high-efficient uniplanar EBG structures for performance enhancement of antenna and other microwave devices.

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Elsheakh, Dalia, and Esmat Abdallah. "Compact Multiband Printed IFA on Electromagnetic Band-Gap Structures Ground Plane for Wireless Applications." International Journal of Microwave Science and Technology 2013 (February 12, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/248501.

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The fourth mobile generation requires of multistandard operating handsets of small physical size as well as has an increasing demand for higher data rates. Compact multiband printed inverted-F antennas (IFAs) for available wireless communications are proposed in this paper. A new design of a printed IFA based on a uniplanar compact EBG concept is proposed. An L-loaded printed IFA shaped over an artificial ground plane is designed as the main antenna to cover the GSM, LTE, UMTS, bluetooth, and WLAN. The multi-band is created by means of an electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structure that is used as a ground plane. Different shapes of uniplanar EBG as ring, split ring resonator, and a spiral rather than mushroom-like structure are investigated. The proposed antenna is built on the uniplanar EBG ground plane with a size of 35×45 mm2, which is suitable for most of the mobile devices.

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Appasani, B., and N. Gupta. "A novel wide band-gap structure for improved signal integrity." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 8, no. 3 (May 20, 2015): 591–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078715000823.

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In this paper, a simple and novel electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure is proposed which offers a wide band gap and improved signal integrity. The unit cell of the structure consists of three square patches arranged in a particular fashion and connected by L-shaped bridges. Two of the square patches are shorted to the ground plane using vias. The unit-cell dimensions were taken to be less than half the operating wavelength at 2 and 2.5 GHz, at which the structure has been analyzed for signal integrity. A single unit cell of the proposed EBG structure is analyzed using IE3D, a method of moments based simulation tool. A single unit cell provides a band gap of 20 GHz starting from 10 MHz to 20 GHz. The prototype model for the unit cell is developed. A comparison between the simulation and measured results shows a good agreement. The improved signal integrity of the proposed structure is demonstrated both in terms of S-parameters and the eye diagram.

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Cao, Wenquan, Bangning Zhang, Aijun Liu, Tongbin Yu, Daosheng Guo, and Xiaofei Pan. "Multi-Frequency and Dual-Mode Patch Antenna Based on Electromagnetic Band-gap (EBG) Structure." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 60, no. 12 (December 2012): 6007–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2012.2211554.

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Abdalla, Mahmoud A., Abdullah A. Al-Mohamadi, and Ibrahim S. Mohamed. "A miniaturized dual band EBG unit cell for UWB antennas with high selective notching." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 11, no. 10 (May 22, 2019): 1035–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078719000710.

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AbstractA high selective dual band and miniaturized electromagnetic band gap (EBG) unit cell is presented in this paper. The analysis and characterization of the new cell are explained. The modified compact EBG unit cell is based on cutting two inverted U-shaped slots inside the typical mushroom-like EBG. The modified EBG has a 70% size reduction. The dual-band functionality of the structure is confirmed by applying it in a dual-notch ultra-wideband antenna (3.1–10.6 GHz), and the notch frequencies are 5.2 and 5.8 GHz. The dual-band functionality has advantages of a highly selective bandpass between them. The antenna can suppress interference frequencies in less than 100 MHz bandwidth without affecting the antenna performance in the whole bandwidth. Presented results are addressed in terms of circuit modeling, 3D full-wave simulations, and measurements.

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Mouhouche, F., A. Azrar, M. Dehmas, and K. Djafri. "Design a Compact UWB Monopole Antenna with Triple Band-Notched Characteristics Using EBG Structures." Frequenz 72, no. 11-12 (November 27, 2018): 479–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/freq-2018-0069.

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Abstract In this paper, a compact ultra-wideband (UWB) monopole antenna with triple band-notched characteristics is presented. These triple band rejections are produced by inserting the Complementary Co-directional Split-Ring Resonator (CC.SRR) on the radiating element for WiMAX/WLAN (3.4–3.95 GHz/5.35–5.9 GHz) and Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure in the vicinity of transmission line for X-band satellite communications (6.7–7.7 GHz). The proposed antenna with a total size of 18×20.9×1.63 mm3 has been constructed and tested. An equivalent RLC circuit model is proposed and investigated. The simulated and measured results show that the proposed antenna has an impedance bandwidth (VSWR<2) extanding from 3.05 GHz to 14 GHz with triple notched bands of [3.3–3.9 GHz], [5.25–5.86 GHz] and [6.7–7.7 GHz]. The triple band notched characteristics and the good radiation patterns make the proposed antenna a good candidate for the UWB applications.

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Kushwaha, Nagendra, and Raj Kumar. "Study of different shape Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structures for single and dual band applications." Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications 13, no. 1 (June 2014): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2179-10742014000100002.

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Chantalat, R., L. Moustafa, M. Thevenot, T. Monediere, and B. Jecko. "Low Profile EBG Resonator Antennas." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2009 (2009): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/394801.

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An Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) antenna is a planar structure which is composed of a cavity and an EBG material. In most applications, the height of the EBG antenna is half wavelength. We present in this paper the conditions to reduce the profile of an EBG antenna to subwavelength values. It could be achieved by using a cavity upper interface which exhibits negative reflection phase. Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) based on Babinet principle, that satisfies this condition, will be described using full wave analysis. These periodic metallic arrays are employed in the design of a low profile EBG antenna which has a directivity of 10 dBi. As this EBG antenna design is similar to a small antenna over an Artificial Magnetic Conductors (AMC) surfaces or High Impedance Surface (HIS), the EBG antenna principle could be a new theory approach for the AMC or HIS. This point is discussed in this paper.

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Nashaat, Dalia, Hala A. Elsadek, Esmat A. Abdallah, Magdy F. Iskander, and Hadia M. Elhenawy. "Ultrawide Bandwidth 2$\,\times\,$2 Microstrip Patch Array Antenna Using Electromagnetic Band-Gap Structure (EBG)." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 59, no. 5 (May 2011): 1528–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2011.2123052.

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Sedghi, Mohammad Sadegh, Mohammad Naser-Moghadasi, and Ferdows B. Zarrabi. "Microstrip antenna miniaturization with fractal EBG and SRR loads for linear and circular polarizations." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 9, no. 4 (June 23, 2016): 891–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078716000726.

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In this paper, combination of electromagnetic band gap (EBG) and split-ring resonator (SRR) loads with fractal formation for miniaturization of microstrip antenna is noticed. Here two different shapes of antenna have been studied with two well-known metamaterial structures as parasitic elements. A conventional microstrip antenna, which is surrounded by four EBG unit cells, is chosen as the first antenna. It has an effective resonance at 2.5. The Minkowski fractal method is applied to EBG unit cells in this stage. The Minkowski fractal structure is implemented for accession of effective capacitance in EBG unit cells. The second antenna frequencies are 2.5 and 5.9 GHz. It contains a slot structure with four SRRs, used for making parasitic elements and for achieving multi-band characteristic. The fractal method is used to improve the inductance of SRR structure by increasing the effective length of microstrip line. At this stage, the applied fractal structure has been modified, so that the frequency of wireless application could be achieved. In the last step, by some changes in feed line of the slot antenna, circular polarization (CP) is obtained for the second antenna, which shows that SRR load can be helpful for making the CP.

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Borazjani, O., M. Naser-Moghadasi, J. Rashed-Mohassel, and R. A. Sadeghzadeh. "Bandwidth improvement of planar antennas using a single-layer metamaterial substrate for X-band application." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 12, no. 9 (April 6, 2020): 906–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078720000264.

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AbstractTo prevent far-field radiation characteristics degradation while increasing bandwidth, an attempt has been made to design and fabricate a microstrip antenna. An electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure, including a layer of a metallic ring on a layer of Rogers 4003C substrate, is used. For a better design, a patch antenna with and without the EBG substrate has been simulated. The results show that the bandwidth can be improved up to 1.6 GHz in X-band by adding the EBG substrate. Furthermore, using this structure, a dual-band antenna was obtained as well. Finally, to validate the simulation results, a comparison has been done between simulation data and experimental results which demonstrate good agreement.

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Chen, Yi, Yu-bo Tian, and Fei-yan Sun. "KBNN Based on Coarse Mesh to Optimize the EBG Structures." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3143846.

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The microwave devices are usually optimized by combining the precise model with global optimization algorithm. However, this method is time-consuming. In order to optimize the microwave devices rapidly, the knowledge-based neural network (KBNN) is used in this paper. Usually, the a priori knowledge of KBNN is obtained by the empirical formulas. Unfortunately, it is difficult to derive the corresponding formulas for the most electromagnetic problems, especially for complex electromagnetic problems; the formula derivation is almost impossible. We use precise mesh model of EM analysis as teaching signal and coarse mesh model as a priori knowledge to train the neural network (NN) by particle swarm optimization (PSO). The NN constructed by this method is simpler than traditional NN in structure which can replace precise model in optimization and reduce the computing time. The results of electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structures optimally designed by this kind of KBNN achieve increase in the bandwidth and attenuation of the stopband and small passband ripple level which shows the advantages of the proposed KBNN method.

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Expósito-Domínguez, Gonzalo, José Manuel Fernández-González, Pablo Padilla, and Manuel Sierra-Castañer. "EBG Size Reduction for Low Permittivity Substrates." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/106296.

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Double layer and edge-location via techniques are combined for electromagnetic band gap (EBG) size reduction. The study of the required number of elements and their dimensions is carried out in order to suppress the surface wave propagation modes and consequently to reduce the mutual coupling between radiating elements in low-permittivity substrates. By applying these techniques, the size of the EBG mushroom is reduced by 30%; however, the bandwidth operation maintains its value, and these structures can be integrated between radiating elements in broad bandwidth antennas.

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Hajj, M., E. Rodes, D. Serhal, T. Monédière, and B. Jecko. "Design of Sectoral Antennas Using a Metallic EBG Structure and Multiple Sources Feeding for Base Station Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2008 (2008): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/359053.

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This work aims to study and design base station antennas with metallic electromagnetic band gap (EBG) materials able to create a sectoral radiation pattern presenting at least a beamwidth. The use of metallic structures offers a new approach to industrial partners seeking to reduce costs and facilitate design procedures. A new method allowing the improvement of both the directivity and the bandwidth by using a printed antenna array is studied.

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Bora, Pronami, Pokkunuri Pardhasaradhi, and Boddapati Madhav. "Design and Analysis of EBG Antenna for Wi-Fi, LTE, and WLAN Applications." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 35, no. 9 (November 4, 2020): 1030–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.350908.

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A non-planar electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structured antenna is proposed in this paper for wireless communication applications. The proposed design consists of coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed square patch antenna embedded with triangular EBG backing on FR-4 substrate material for 2.4 GHz (Wi-Fi, LTE) and 5.2 GHz (WLAN) applications. Gain is improved from 2.8 dB to 13.9 dB by adding EBG structure in the proposed antenna and the parametric analysis is done for optimizing the antenna performance characteristics. The proposed antenna provides a maximum efficiency of 82.5% in the resonating frequencies. The prototyped antenna is having good correlation with the simulation results obtained from Finite Element Method (FEM) based Anyss-HFSS. High Frequency Structure Simulator is used to analyze the antenna parameters and the simulated and measured results are correlating well with each other with a slight change in frequencies.

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Hajj, M., R. Chantalat, and B. Jecko. "Design of a Dual-Band Sectoral Antenna for Hiperlan2 Application Using Double Layers of Metallic Electromagnetic Band Gap (M-EBG) Materials as a Superstrate." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2009 (2009): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/153850.

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A novel design of a sectoral antenna that utilizes a double layer Metallic Electromagnetic Band Gap (M-EBG) as a superstrate for dual band directivity enhancement is presented in this paper. We obtain the different operating frequencies by adjusting the distance of the lower M-EBG layer from printed patch antenna and also the height between upper and lower M-EBG layers. This antenna operates according to a sectoral radiation pattern form presenting a half power beamwidth of at least . The proposed structure presents more than 17 dB directivity enhancement at 5.25 GHz and 5.65 GHz as compared to those of a patch antenna with 9 dB directivity. The principle is explained and applied to a Hiperlan2 antenna.

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Moustafa, Lina, and Bernard Jecko. "Bandwidth Improvement of EBG Resonator Antennas Using Double-Layer FSS." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2008 (2008): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/315052.

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A double-layer frequency selective surface (FSS) is proposed as a means to enhance the bandwidth of an electromagnetic band gap (EBG) resonator antenna. Due to its inverted reflection phase variation and its wide selectivity bandwidth, the structure used in the radiating wall of the resonator allows increasing the radiating bandwidth of the last one. The resonator is fed by a patch feeding source placed inside the cavity at the proximity of its metallic ground. The antenna bandwidth is significantly improved by virtue of employing the double-layer FSS. Modelled results of an antenna working at 5 GHz are shown.

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Verma, Alka, Anil Kumar Singh, Neelam Srivastava, Shilpee Patil, and Binod Kumar Kanaujia. "Slot loaded EBG-based metasurface for performance improvement of circularly polarized antenna for WiMAX applications." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 12, no. 3 (September 10, 2019): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078719001211.

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AbstractIn this paper, an electromagnetic band gap (EBG) metasurface (MS) superstrate-based circularly polarized antenna for the WiMAX (3.5 GHz) band is proposed. The proposed structure comprises a 2 × 2 slot-loaded rectangular patch MS array that can be perceived as a polarization-dependent EBG MS superstrate. Furthermore, to achieve circular polarization, the proposed antenna has an inclined coupling slot onto the ground with a conventional coplanar waveguide feed line. The proposed antenna has a compact structure with a low profile of 0.037λ0 (λ0 stands for the free-space wavelength at 3.48 GHz) and a ground size of 30 × 30 mm2. The measured results show that the −10 dB impedance bandwidth for the proposed antenna is 34.6% and the 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth is 6.8% with a peak gain of 3.91 dBi in the desired operating band. Good agreement between the simulated and the measured results verifies the performance of the proposed antenna.

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Rao, Neeraj, and Dinesh Kumar Vishwakarma. "Gain enhancement of microstrip patch antenna using Sierpinski fractal-shaped EBG." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 8, no. 6 (March 25, 2015): 915–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078715000458.

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This is the first report on novel mushroom-type electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures, consisting of fractal periodic elements, used for enhancing the gain of microstrip patch antennas. Using CST Microwave studio the performance of rectangular patch antenna has been examined on proposed fractal EBG substrates. It is found that fractal EBGs are more effective in suppressing surface wave thus resulting in higher gain. The gain of rectangular patch has been improved from 6.88 to 10.67 dBi. The proposed fractal EBG will open new avenues for the design and development of variety of high-frequency components and devices with enhanced performance.

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Sultana, Sadia, and Rinku Basak. "Performance Evaluation of Meander Line Implantable Antenna integrated with EBG Based Ground for Anatomical Realistic Model." AIUB Journal of Science and Engineering (AJSE) 18, no. 1 (May 31, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.53799/ajse.v18i1.16.

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A unique design and meander line implantable antenna is examined in this paper which satisfies the requirements of ultra-wide band. The designed antenna is integrated with the electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure based ground plane to enhance the performance. Rectangular electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures are represented here to evaluate the antenna performance. This compact and efficient MLA antenna is applied to improve the antenna performance for numerous implantable scenarios and biomedical applications. The proposed antenna with EGB ground plane is designed for both the simplified model and anatomical realistic models for the human body and executed the performance in bio-environment. To approve the results of implantable antennas more correctly, simulation is analyzed using anatomical realistic human models. The ultimate design has the whole dimension is 15.2 x 8.8 m2. The thickness of the antenna is about 0.8 mm. FR4 is chosen as the substrate material and Copper is chosen as the patch material. The antenna is enclosed biocompatible material with silicon inside the tissue in order to protect patient safety. Significant parameters such as S11 parameter, Far field (radiation pattern), VSWR, Efficiency, Directivity, Gain of the proposed antenna have calculated and measured the performance both the simplified and realistic human models. Comparison Analysis of S11 parameter for different substrate materials and patch materials have observed. The radiation mechanism and modified design of the implantable antenna reducing Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) for safety issues. All the simulation results and measurements are obtained from CST Microwave Studio to validate the design.

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Kamphikul, Paowphattra, Ukrit Mankong, and Rangsan Wongsan. "Creating a Gain Improvement Technique for a Horn Antenna using a Metamaterial Structure Inserted with a Thin Dielectric Sheet." Open Electrical & Electronic Engineering Journal 13, no. 1 (May 31, 2019): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874129001913010030.

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Objective: This paper proposed a new technique for the metamaterial on the structure of the curved-woodpile Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) inserted with a dielectric slab for gain improvement in a conventional rectangular horn antenna. Methods: We described a method to enhance gain by transferring the electromagnetic fields from the aperture of a horn through the EBG structure. Furthermore, we present the design procedures for inserting a dielectric slab into two layers of the EBG structure for the reduction of distance between the horn and proposed EBG structure. Results and Conclusions: Such a proposed technique not only has the advantage of decreasing the total length of the antenna system but also providing higher gain with a low profile structure. This idea has been verified by both simulation and experimental results. The fabricated antenna can achieve 23.9 dBi of gain or higher than the gain, which is obtained using a conventional rectangular horn antenna at around 7 dBi at an operating frequency of 10 GHz. It is apparent that a good qualitative agreement between the measurements and simulations was achieved.

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Wu, Wenjing, Bo Yuan, and Aiting Wu. "A Quad-Element UWB-MIMO Antenna with Band-Notch and Reduced Mutual Coupling Based on EBG Structures." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8490740.

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A compact planar quad-element ultrawideband (UWB) antenna with a band-notch and low coupling for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system is proposed in this paper. The antenna consists of four circular monopoles with modified defected ground plane and a periodic electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures. The proposed EBG structures are modified from the traditional mushroom-like ones, comprised of patterns of grids on the top patch, the metallic ground plane, and several vias that connect the top and bottom plane. It is printed at the center of the dielectric substrate to lower electromagnetic coupling between the parallel elements. Besides, by etching four crescent ring-shaped resonant slots on the radiators, a sharp band-notched characteristic is achieved. From the experimental results, the −10 dB bandwidth of the antenna is extended covers from 3.0 to 16.2 GHz, with a sharp notched band at 4.6 GHz. And the isolation is greater than 17.5 dB between its elements, with a peak gain of 8.4 dB and a peak efficiency of 91.2%. Moreover, it has a compact size of 0.6λ×0.6λ×0.016λ at 3 GHz and could be a good candidate for portable devices.

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Liu, Zihao, Xiaohe Cheng, Yuan Yao, Tao Yu, Junsheng Yu, and Xiaodong Chen. "Broadband Transition from Rectangular Waveguide to Groove Gap Waveguide for mm-Wave Contactless Connections." Electronics 9, no. 11 (November 2, 2020): 1820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9111820.

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In this paper, the authors present a broadband transition from the standard WR-10 rectangular waveguide (RW) to a groove gap waveguide (GGW) in the W-band. The transition structure is based on electromagnetic band gap (EBG) technology where two EBG units are used, which are responsible for the transition and forming the transmission line. Metal pins in the E-plane together with the back surface of the transmission line create a forbidden band, which prevents power leakage between the connecting parts. Small air gaps will not harm the transition performance according to the simulation, which means it has a better tolerance of manufacturing and assembly errors and, thus, has advantages for mm-wave contactless connections. A back-to-back transition prototype was designed, fabricated and measured. The length of the GGW is 39.6 mm. The measured |S11| is better than −13 dB and the measured |S21| is better than −0.6 dB over 76.4–109.1 GHz, covering a bandwidth of 35.3%.

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Hasan, Bismah, and Kamran Raza. "Dual Band Slotted Printed Circular Patch Antenna With Superstrate and EBG Structure for 5G Applications." January 2019 38, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1901.19.

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Slotted circular printed layered patch antenna is designed, simulated and fabricated for 5G (Fifth Generation) wireless communication applications. The antenna consists of slots in the main radiating circular patch element for miniaturizing the size of the radiating element and providing dual band radiation characteristics. The feed line is separated on bottom substrate layer with EBG (Electromagnetic Band-Gap) embedded for enhancing the gain characteristics of the antenna. Superstrate layer is also used for improving the gain of the antenna where the distance from the radiating antenna element is optimized for maximizing the impedance bandwidth and radiation characteristics. The feed realization and impedance matching of the radiating slotted circular patch antenna is done by inducing slot at the middle ground plane of the slot embedded circular patch antenna system. The proposed configuration provides power radiation gain values of more than 5 dB for the Ka band of communications, whereas the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is verified for the dual resonances at 27.5 and 28.5 GHz. Dual band radiation characteristics are attained by embedding and optimizing the slot length and width in the circular patch radiator element that is placed on the upper face of the substrate RT Rogers Duroid 5880 layer. The length of the microstrip feed line embedded in the lower layer of the substrate is optimized for providing required bandwidth characteristics for the dual frequency point radiations. The antenna configuration is designed, modeled and simulated in CST (Central Standard Time) Microwave studio. The antenna is fabricated and measured vs simulated frequency response, gain patterns and current density plots are presented for the verification of antenna operation in the desired frequency bands.

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Alnaiemy, Yahiea, Taha A. Elwi, and Lajos Nagy. "Mutual Coupling Reduction in Patch Antenna Array Based on EBG Structure for MIMO Applications." Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 63, no. 4 (October 10, 2019): 332–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppee.14379.

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This paper presents a printed rectangular slot microstrip antenna array of two elements based on an Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure. The proposed EBG structure is invented to improve the isolation between the radiating elements for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) application. Single and two slotted rectangular microstrip antennas are designed on an FR-4 substrate with a dielectric constant (εr) of 4.3 and loss tangent (tanδ) of 0.025 with thickness of 1.6 mm. The proposed EBG structure is designed as one planar row of 24 slots. The proposed array performance is tested numerically using Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio (CSTMW) of Finite Integration Technique (FIT) formulations. The antenna performance in terms of reflection coefficient (S11), isolation coefficient (S21), radiation patterns, boresight gain and Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) are investigated before and after introducing the EBG structure to identify the significant enhancements. The proposed EBG structure is located between the radiating antenna elements to reduce the mutual coupling of the proposed antenna array. The edge to edge separation distance of the proposed antennas is λ0/16, where the λ0 is the free space wavelength at 2.45 GHz. The simulated results show a significant isolation enhancement from –6 dB to –29 dB at the first resonant frequency 2.45 GHz and from –10 dB to –25 dB at the second resonant frequency 5.8 GHz after introducing the EBG structure to the antenna array.

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Beiranvand, Ehsan, Majid Afsahy, and Vahid Sharbati. "Reduction of the mutual coupling in patch antenna arrays based on EBG by using a planar frequency-selective surface structure." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 9, no. 2 (September 29, 2015): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078715001440.

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This paper describes a new configuration of frequency-selective structure (FSS) structures to reduce mutual coupling between the radiating elements. Also, the antenna performance before and after the implementation of FSS have been investigated. The proposed configuration provides an improvement in mutual coupling by 14 dB (measured value) with a reduced edge-to-edge spacing of 23 mm. The reduction of mutual coupling between antenna elements is interesting in the electromagnetic and antenna community. The use of electromagnetic band-gap structures constructed by microstrip technology is a way to appease the mutual coupling problem. Periodic structures such as FSS can help in the reduction of mutual coupling using their ability of suppressing surface waves propagation in a given frequency range. The goal of this present study is to use it in patch antenna arrays, keeping both the element separation smaller than λ0for grating lobes evasion and the patch antenna size large enough to have good antenna directivity. The results showed that the proposed configuration eliminates disadvantages of similar structures presented in the previous works.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Electromagnetic band gap structure (EBG)'

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