Journal articles: 'Electromagnetic braking'

1

Xiang, Chun, Jun-Cheng Wang, Yu-Feng Gu, Shi-Jin Zhang, and Shi-An Chen. "Experiment, Optimization, and Design of Electromagnetic Track Brake for High-Speed Railways System." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (March 9, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6957963.

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To enhance braking force and control convenience of high-speed railway systems, this paper proposes a new electromagnetic track brake, and the corresponding design, optimization, and experimental test are implemented. The proposed track brake is longitudinal-axis magnetic circuits excited by multiple coils electromagnets, and the pole shoes are extending outward. A preliminary design of an electromagnetic track brake is developed, including iron core height, iron core width, iron core gap, excitation ampere-turn, coil arrangement form, coil thickness, and preliminary height of single-layer coil. The electromagnet number and pole shoe gap are optimized through three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation comparisons. The final design of the electromagnetic track brake is determined, including iron core length, copper wire diameter, coil turn, and final height of single-layer coil. Experimental verification of electromagnetic attractive force is performed through prototype tests, and the newly developed electromagnetic track brake can enhance electromagnetic braking deceleration by 39%.

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He, Ren, Xiao Dan Gu, and Jun Shi. "Design of Double-Disc Friction and Electromagnetic Hybrid Brake System of Passenger Car." Applied Mechanics and Materials 610 (August 2014): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.610.156.

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The electromagnetic brake has already been acknowledged by users as one kind of contactless brake. In this paper, the basic principle and application of electromagnetic braking technology were briefly introduced first. Then the structure of the innovative hybrid brake with double disc was put forward. It employed an electromagnetic braking to reduce brake pad wear and braking system thermal recession. Based on the design requirements, the friction brake and the electromagnetic brake were designed respectively. Finally, in order to verify that whether the designed hybrid brake meets the design requirements, a bench test was carried out. The electromagnetic braking torque characteristic was tested. The results showed that the electromagnetic braking torque could approach 198N·m.Thus the design method is feasible..

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Huang, Shan, Jiusheng Bao, Shirong Ge, Yan Yin, and Tonggang Liu. "Design of a frictional–electromagnetic compound disk brake for automotives." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 4 (July 15, 2019): 1113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019864210.

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According to the disadvantages of serious wear and heat fade of friction pad in frequent and high speed braking of friction brakes, and the insufficient power of electromagnetic brakes in low speed braking, a novel frictional-electromagnetic compound disk brake which combines both of these two brake principles is proposed for automotives in this paper. The excitation coils are designed based on the Zhang Yicheng theory model, and the compound brake prototype is manufactured based on the self-made magnetic brake pads and existing automotive brakes. The magnetic field and dynamic of the brake are simulated by using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The frictional–electromagnetic compound brake tests are implemented on the reconstructive disk brake simulation test bench. The experimental results show that the friction braking torque accounts for more than 90% of the compound braking torque in the process of compound braking, and the trend of the change is the same as that of the compound braking torque. When the initial braking speed exceeds 75 km/h, the electromagnetic braking torque does not increase with the increase in speed, instead, it decreases slightly because of demagnetization. The designed frictional–electromagnetic compound disk brake has good braking performance.

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Zhang, Rui-Jun. "Structure design and coordinated control of electromagnetic and frictional braking system based on a hub motor." Science Progress 104, no. 1 (January 2021): 003685042199848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850421998483.

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A new type of built-in composite electromagnetic and frictional braking structural scheme and its corresponding coordinated control strategy were proposed to enhance the braking effects for the electric vehicle. Fuzzy control theory was applied to design the coordinated control strategy for the electromagnetic and frictional braking system. In comparison to lower braking strength and moderate braking strength, the slip ratio of high braking strength was maintained at near 0.15. It effectively avoided the wheel getting locked and provided relatively large braking torque in the process of braking. The integrated system using a fuzzy control strategy can effectively shorten the braking time, enhance the braking safety in the braking process.

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Chen, En-Ping, Jiangfeng Cheng, Jia-Hung Tu, and Chun-Liang Lin. "Sensorless Driving/Braking Control for Electric Vehicles." Actuators 9, no. 1 (March 22, 2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act9010022.

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A sensorless driving/braking control system for electric vehicles is explained in the present paper. In the proposed system, a field-oriented control (FOC) was used to integrate driving and braking controls in a unified module for reducing the cost of hardware and simultaneously incorporating functional flexibility. An antilock braking system can swiftly halt a vehicle during emergency braking. An electromagnetic reverse braking scheme that provided retarding torque to a running wheel was developed. The scheme could switch the state of the MOSFETs used in the system by alternating the duty cycle of pulse width modulation to adjust the braking current generated by the back electromotive force (EMF) of the motor. In addition, because the braking energy required for the electromagnetic braking scheme is related only to the back EMF, the vehicle operator can control the braking force and safely stop an electric vehicle at high speeds. The proposed integrated sensorless driving and electromagnetic braking system was verified experimentally.

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Du, Jinfu, Xingrong Wu, and Jin Mao. "Fatigue Life Analysis of Main Reducer Gears for Battery Electric Bus Considering Regenerative Braking." Applied Sciences 12, no. 14 (July 17, 2022): 7205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12147205.

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The braking mode of the battery electric urban bus (BEUB) is different from the friction braking of the traditional fuel bus due to the introduction of a regenerative braking system. The intervention of electromagnetic braking changes the working condition of the main reducer gears, thus affecting their service lives. Based on the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) driving cycle condition, the stress–time history of the main reducer gears is calculated. Combined with the static analysis results and the S-N curve of the material, the fatigue lives of the main reducer gears considering electromagnetic braking and traditional friction braking are analyzed. The reverse torque on the driving axle during electromagnetic braking is taken into account to be closer to the real situation. Results show that, under the electromagnetic braking mode, the bending fatigue lives of the tooth root on the convex and concave surfaces of the pinion are 78.5% and 78.9% of that under the traditional friction braking mode, respectively, while the contact fatigue life of the pinion working surface is 78.2% of that under the friction braking mode, indicating that the introduction of the regenerative braking system into the BEUB will cause a significant reduction in the service life of the main reducer gears. This study provides a high-precision fatigue life calculation method for the BEUB main reducer gears and the accurate prediction of their remaining life.

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7

Anantha Krishna, G. L., and K. M. Sathish Kumar. "Investigation on Eddy Current Braking Systems – A Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 1089–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1089.

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The changing magnetic field will induce eddy currents in the conductor. These currents will dissipate energy in the conductor and generate drag force. It is found that Aluminium is the best material as conductor compared to Copper and Zinc. Also, it is found that the larger thickness of disc, more number of turns of electromagnet and higher electrical conductivity of conductor influences the generation of greater braking torque. Conventional braking system relies on adhesion force between rail and wheel. It is found that a brake built up from permanent magnet pieces that combine both magnetic rail brake and eddy current brake permits the most profitable braking action through the whole range of acceptable speeds. Permanent magnet eddy current brake uses Neodymium - Iron - Boron (NdFeB) magnets. The analysis of permanent magnet eddy current shows that the parallel magnetised eddy current topology has the superior braking torque capability. In electrically controlled eddy current braking system subjected to time varying fields in different wave forms, the triangular wave field application resulted in highest braking torque. Electromagnetic brakes were found to interfere with the signalling and train control system. Permanent magnet eddy current brakes are a simple and reliable alternative to mechanical or electromagnetic brakes in transportation applications. Greater the speed greater is the eddy current braking efficiency. Hence, author intends to work on the development and investigation of permanent magnet eddy current braking system.

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Bawane, Prof S. G., Moksh Khajuria, Vaibhav Sontakke, Chetan Gharjare, Aniket Dhakate, Hemraj Sonkusare, and Ramesh Rajput. "Design and Fabrication of Smart Electromagnetic Breaking System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 2606–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41629.

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Abstract: According to a study 20-30% of the road accident cases are caused due to less attentiveness of vehicle driver or the failure of brakes and vehicles have mechanical brakes which requires a high mechanical force that cause a problem to handicap person so to overcome above described problem we came up with the idea of intelligent braking system with obstacles detection which has 3 parts first is electromagnets to provide automation to the brakes and second part is infrared sensor by sensing braking system can detect obstacles so that it can automatically send signal to relay and brakes can be applied third part is brake for which we electromagnet braking to provide smoothness and effective braking and the last and main part or brain of the system is infrared sensor and relay which gets the signal from sensor and activates the brakes So from this braking system we can provide the automation to a mechanical braking system which can be further modify and can be implement to vehicles the brakes in which we can fully rely on and can also be used in vehicles for handicaps that aren't able to apply conventional braking.

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9

Baharom, Mohamad Zairi, M. Z. Nuawi, and Gigih Priyandoko. "Parameter Analysis of Electromagnetic Braking Using Fully Nested and Two Way ANOVA." Applied Mechanics and Materials 663 (October 2014): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.663.193.

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This paper presents the statistical analysis that was used to define optimized parameter for the electromagnetic braking using eddy current study. It illustrates parametric study on four different parameters affecting the braking performance using eddy current which are air-gap, number of electromagnet turns, current induced and disc thickness. These four parameters are defined as the factors which contribute to the reduction of RPM speed as the effect. Fully nested ANOVA was used as the first analysis to determine two most significant factors to eddy current braking system. Then, two-way ANOVA was applied to clarify the most significant factors to be used as the controllable parameters in the verification study. Results from both ANOVA test shows that current induced and air-gap are the two most significant factors that affected braking using eddy current.

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Li, Ai Ran, Yu Jin Fan, Teng Han, Zhe Kun Li, Pei Lin Zhao, and Jun Jie Wang. "Properties of Hydraulic Floating Caliper Brake for AGV Car." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.33.

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Existing AGV car’s brakes are electromagnet brakes. Brake overheating causes brake damaged during work time.In this paper ,the hydraulic pressure floating caliper brake is applied to the AGV car . It with electromagnetic brake AGV car for braking performance comparison test, through comparative analysis know that hydraulic floating caliper brakes can not only meet the AGV car’s braking requirements and the system dynamic performance has improved greatly.

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11

Xiong, Guang Jie, and Ling Li. "Finite Element Analysis of Electromagnetic Device in Magnetorheological Fluid Brake." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 1448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.1448.

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Magnetorheological fluid (MRF) Brake is a newly-developed intelligent brake in which traditional mechanical brake friction pairs are replaced by MRF materials and the electromagnetism devices are very important components. The controllable magnetic fields are generated by electromagnetism devices which can make MRF materials create related braking torque to control the braking performance of the MRF Brake. In this paper, the electromagnetism device consists of several coil sets which can generate electromagnetic fields for MRF Brake. By using finite element analysis, the magnetic fields generated by electromagnetism devices are compared analytically under the different conditions, and then the optimum parameters are obtained such as coil arrangements, excitation currents and air gap distances and etc. All these evidences are helpful to design the structure of electromagnetism devices in MRF Brake.

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12

Baharom, Mohamad Zairi, Mohd Zaki Nuawi, Mohammad Syuhaimi Ab-Rahman, Gigih Priyandoko, Che Ku Eddy Nizwan, and Mohd Sazali Salleh. "Air-Gap Effect on Single Axis Vibration of Electromagnetic Braking Using Eddy Current on Bearing Cage." Applied Mechanics and Materials 663 (October 2014): 400–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.663.400.

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An electromagnetic braking system using eddy current experiment was conducted to study the behaviour of the system in terms of vibration. Brake disc used which is Al6061 has a displacement in z-axis direction which occurred because of the repulsive force generated on both sides of the disc as drag force from electromagnetic braking. This study aims to analyze the vibration behaviour when braking occurred in different initial speeds of DC motor and different air-gap cases. Smaller air-gap will produce high braking torque due to the increasing of magnetic field density. The higher the force generated, the vibration of the disc may illustrates different behaviour of the vibration in the structure. Test rig was developed using sensor of accelerometer and data acquisition of NI-DAQ with the use of Dasylab for the measurement and instrumentation purposes. Findings shows that the electromagnetic braking force generated in smaller air-gap between electromagnetic poles and rotating conductive disc during the braking using eddy current has damped the vibration occur in the structure of bearing cage.

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13

Ren, Qiao, Jimin Zhang, and Jinnan Luo. "Characteristic Analysis and Control of a Rotary Electromagnetic Eddy Current Brake." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 36, no. 6 (August 6, 2021): 806–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.360623.

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This article designs an electromagnetic rotating eddy current brake (ECB), which has the advantages of no wear and low noise compared with traditional friction brake. First, using the magnetic circuit analysis model, a theoretical calculation formula of the ECB’s braking characteristics is given. The results show that the braking torque is negatively correlated with the thickness of the air gap as well as the electrical conductivity and the relative magnetic permeability of the brake disc material, and positively correlated with the number of ampere turns and the number of electromagnet poles. Secondly, a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model of the brake is established. The results of braking torque-speed characteristics between finite element calculation and theoretical analysis are compared, and the reasons for the differences between the two are explained. Using the FE model, the influence of the design parameters on torque characteristics is studied. Combined with the theoretical analysis model, the results are explained accordingly, providing a reference for the optimal design of the brake. Finally, a controller for the electromagnetic rotating eddy current brake is designed to control the amplitude of the desired braking torque.

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Dewantara, Bima Dicky Anugrah, and Saiful Manan. "RANCANG BANGUN EXTERNAL ELECTROMAGNETIC RETARDERS SYSTEM PADA MOTOR 1 PHASA." Gema Teknologi 18, no. 4 (April 30, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/gt.v18i4.21908.

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Bima Dicky Anugrah Dewantara, Saiful Manan, in this paper explain that Electromagnetic retarders are generally known as electromagnetic inhibitors or brakes, the braking system eliminates most braking mechanics, thereby reducing conventional braking systems. Safety requirements and safety systems are developed and become a focal point of an equipment. Electromagnetic brakes are a safety component with a control system that is easy to control. With this electromagnetic brake, it will reduce maintenance costs, because it only requires a factor of electricity to be able to move it. The braking system uses electromagnetic forces to slow down a movement, which is generally a shaft motion. A dish with non-ferromagnetic metal material is attached to a rotating shaft. The disk is flanked by the side of the stator in the form of an electromagnetic coil system that can generate a magnetic field from electricity. Electric current generates a magnetic field in the coil. And the metal plate that cuts the magnetic field will cause eddy currents on the disk itself. This eddy current will generate a magnetic field whose direction is opposite to the previous magnetic field, thus inhibiting the rotary motion of the shaft. In designing, experimenting and making an External Electromagnetic Retarders System Design on 1 Phase Motor, use the NE 555 IC as the control duty cycle. So that the relationship between braking current and braking time is inversely proportional if the higher the current, the shorter the time it takes for the rotor to stop. And the relationship between braking current and motor current is directly proportional, by increasing the braking current will increase the load on the motor causing the motor current to increase. Keywords: Electromagnetic Retarders, Electromagnetic Brakes, Eddy Flow EffectReferencesTipler, P. 2008. Physics for Scientist volume 2. New York : WH Freeman and Company..Ishaq, M. 2007. Fisika Dasar Elektisitas dan Magnetisme. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.Millman, Halkias, M.Barmawi, dan M.O.Tjia. 1971. Integrated Electronics:Analog and Digital Circuits and Systems. Jakarta : Erlangga.Ramdhani, Mohamad. 2008. Rangkaian Listrik. Jakarta : Erlangga.Bishop, Owen. 2004. Dasar-Dasar Elektronika. Jakarta : Erlangga.Halliday, David. Robert Resnick. 1978. Fisika Jilid II Edisi Ketiga. Jakarta : Erlangga

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Zhao, Qiang, Ren He, and Dong Hai Hu. "Fuzzy PID Control of the Integrated System of Electromagnetic Brake and Friction Brake of Car." Advanced Materials Research 988 (July 2014): 568–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.988.568.

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The integrated system of electromagnetic brake and frictional brake of car can improve braking performance effectively. Reasonable control strategy is the key of the integrated brake system. In this paper, it is analyzed and compared to the fuzzy control, PID control and fuzzy PID control. Based on that, fuzzy PID control is used to control the amount of current flowing in the electromagnetic brake coil by considering the nonlinear and time-varying of the integrated system of electromagnetic brake and frictional brake of car. The vehicle slip ratio deviation and rate of the slip rate deviation are used as the input. The electromagnetic brake coil current is used as the output. Thus, the fuzzy PID controller of the system is designed. A car equipped with the integrated system of electromagnetic and frictional brake is taken as an example. Matlab/Simulink software is utilized to carry out simulation analysis of the system. It is analyzed and compared the simulation output current curves of three control methods, braking time and braking distance. The simulation result shows that the integrated brake system using fuzzy PID strategy can effectively reduce braking time and shorten braking distance.

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Putra, Mufti Reza Aulia, Muhammad Nizam, and Dominicus Danardono Dwi Prija Tjahjana. "Design of eddy current brake for electric motorcycle braking system." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i1.pp41-50.

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Braking systems in motor vehicles generally use a braking system that utilizes friction. The braking performance will decrease caused by using friction rapidly. To overcome this, as an alternative, an electromagnetic braking system can be used by utilizing eddy currents, such as eddy current brakes (ECB). Eddy currents are generated when the rotor pass the magnetic field of the electromagnet. The research aim is to design an ECB system. The performance of the disk design will be determined in this study. The study is about the tendency of the ECB properties. The finite element (FEM) method is used by modeling ECB performance. The experimental results were used to validate the result. The test showed the results of braking using aluminum disk showed the best performance in 12.03 Nm. From these results, the combination of the disks is needed by an appropriate disk design.

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Dhawan, Ajay P. "Automatic Braking System using Ultrasonic wave." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 4757–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45055.

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Abstract: An automatic Braking system is an intelligent mechatronic system includes an Ultrasonic wave emitter provided on the front portion of a car producing and emitting Ultrasonic waves. An Ultrasonic receiver is also placed on the front portion of the car operatively receiving a reflective Ultrasonic wave signal. The reflected wave (detected pulse) gives the distance between the obstacle and the vehicle. Then a microcontroller is used to control the speed of the vehicle based on the detection pulse information to push the brake pedal and apply brake to the car stupendously for safety purpose. Automotive vehicles are increasingly being equipped with collision avoidance and warning systems for predicting the potential collision with an external object, such as another vehicle or a pedestrian. Upon detecting a potential collision, such systems typically initiate an action to avoid the collision and/or provide a warning to the vehicle operator. The aim is to design and develop a control system based on an automatic, intelligent and electronically controlled automotive braking system for automobiles is called as “Sensor based Electromagnetic Braking System”. This Braking system consists of IR transmitter and receiver circuit and the vehicle. The IR sensor is used to detect the obstacle. There is any obstacle in the path, the IR sensor senses the obstacle and giving the control signal to the microcontroller, which in turn sends a signal to the motor to stop and also to the Electromagnet so as to stop the vehicle as programmed. This project facilitates electromagnetic braking system using solenoid. Here in fabrication module include a vehicle prototype frame associated with a dc motor and a electromagnet.

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Nikita Sutar and Dominic Jibin James, Prof Gaffar G. Momin, Rushikesh Barve, Manasi Shah,. "A Review of Combined Regenerative Suspension and Electromagnetic Braking system." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 06, no. 09 (October 29, 2020): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst060904.

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Considering the rate of depletion of the available oil-based fuels, Renewable Energy Technologies are receiving significant attention in these years. It is, therefore, necessary to find alternatives to energy sources. This project focusses on one such alternative. A study is done on a vehicle suspension system and braking system. Suspension in vehicles produces linear vibrations due to the roughness on the roads. These vibrations are absorbed the shock absorbers and dissipated in the form of heat. In the case of a conventional braking system,a huge amount of heat is lost due to friction. This study proposes a design of a system where the heat lost in the suspension system is extracted, converted into a usable form of electrical energy and stored in batteries. This stored energy is further used in the operation of electromagnet powered brakes. Using the Regenerative Suspension System reduces the waste of energy in the shock absorbers and gives an alternative energy source and use of the Electromagnetic Braking System ensures frictionless braking. Thus, the overall consumption of energy is reduced by a notable amount.

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Shinde, Aditya, Harshwardhan Pawar, Gulab Shukla, and Advait Salve. "Intelligent Braking System Using Electromagnetic Actuators." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 2524–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42897.

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Abstract: Accident prevention has been one of the leading areas of research today. Our paper is designed to prevent accidents due to loss of control, drunken driving, and rash driving, using circuitry aided by a microcontroller kit. In our work, braking distance and the distance of the obstacle are taken into consideration along with the speed of the vehicle. The sensor helps in finding the speed of movement of the vehicle and the ultrasonic sensor senses the distance of the object in front. These sensors provide real- time inputs to the microcontroller program. Using sensor the system will sense the speed of the vehicle and with the microcontroller, it will calculate the distance required to bring the vehicle to a complete stop for that speed. Breaking motors is incorporated to activate the brakes thereby achieving automatic breaking procedures. The system helps in conjunction with the driver judgment if the driver doesn’t sense the obstacle and applies the brake at the right time then the microcontroller initiates braking motor to apply the brakes automatically. Our future work deals with incorporating real time brake shoe wear system to provide enhanced feature for the intelligent braking system.  By looking at safety in terms of avoiding accidents in the first place.  And then protecting occupants when a crash is unavoidable.  We can prevent more accidents, save more lives, and reduce insurance and medical costs to society. Intelligent Braking System approach represents a significant shift from the traditional approach to safety, but it is fundamental to achieving the substantial benefit

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Khan, Mohd Sabir, Arun Kumar Rao, Naresh Choudhary, Jeetendra Kumar Sharma, Tejeshwar Tejeshwar, Mr Naween Jha, and Mr Ghanshyam Mishra. "Electromagnetic Braking System using Ultrasonic Sensor." International Journal of Civil, Mechanical and Energy Science 7, no. 4 (2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijcmes.7.4.1.

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Hairil, Budiarto. "Magnetic Braking System Using Electromagnetic Force." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1569 (July 2020): 032075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1569/3/032075.

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Levin, Yan, Fernando L. da Silveira, and Felipe B. Rizzato. "Electromagnetic braking: A simple quantitative model." American Journal of Physics 74, no. 9 (September 2006): 815–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2203645.

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Bawane, Prof S. G., Moksh Khajuria, Vaibhav Sontakke, Chetan Gharjare, Aniket Dhakate, Hemraj Sonkusare, and Ramesh Rajput. "Review Paper of Design and Fabrication of Smart Electromagnetic Breaking System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 1028–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40786.

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Abstract: According to a study 20-30% of the road accident cases are caused due to less attentiveness of vehicle driver or the failure of brakes and vehicles have mechanical brakes which requires a high mechanical force that cause a problem to handicap person so to overcome above described problem we came up with the idea of intelligent braking system with obstacles detection which has 3 parts first is electromagnets to provide automation to the brakes and second part is infrared sensor by sensing braking system can detect obstacles so that it can automatically send signal to relay and brakes can be applied third part is brake for which we electromagnet braking to provide smoothness and effective braking and the last and main part or brain of the system is infrared sensor and relay which gets the signal from sensor and activates the brakes So from this braking system we can provide the automation to a mechanical braking system which can be further modify and can be implement to vehicles the brakes in which we can fully rely on and can also be used in vehicles for handicaps that aren't able to apply conventional braking. 1) BRAKE • A brake is a mechanical device which retards motion. • Brakes use friction between two surfaces to convert the kinetic energy of the moving object into heat. 2) Need for Alternative These systems are prone to the wear and tear on usage a) Conventional braking systems produces continuous power dissipation as heat and may fail if the temperature rises too high b) Friction based braking methods are also not efficient under wet conditions

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Məhərrəm oğlu Əliyev, Ələsgər. "Analysis of braking systems of classic drilling." SCIENTIFIC WORK 65, no. 04 (April 21, 2021): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/65/6-11.

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The lowering and lifting of the drill strings during drilling is carried out using winches. One of the main elements of the winches is the braking system. The braking system of the drawworks is designed for: keeping the drill string suspended; power absorption during the descent of the string to the length of one candle with the highest permissible speed and complete braking at the end of the descent; smooth feed of the drill string as the well deepens while drilling. Braking devices used in drilling machines and mechanisms are divided into main and auxiliary ones according to their purpose.The main ones are designed to stop machines and mechanisms and are activated at the end of the movement with long interruptions in work, while auxiliary ones are for long-term braking in order to reduce the speed of movement. The brakes of classic drill bits consist of a main working belt-molded brake, as well as an auxiliary brake consisting of electromagnetic or hydrodynamic brakes. Key words: belt-molded brake, hydrodynamic brake, electromagnetic brake, electromagnetic ferro-dust brakes

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Waloyo, H. T., Ubaidillah Ubaidillah, D. D. D. P. Tjahjana, M. Nizam, and T. Koga. "Mini review on the design of axial type eddy current braking technology." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 2198. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i4.pp2198-2205.

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Eddy Current Brake (ECB) is a type of electric braking that uses eddy current to produce braking forces. This article delivers a solid review of the design of Axial ECB, which is very promising for an alternative braking system. Several types of axial ECB are classified and named as a single disk, double disk, and unipolar model. The classification of axial ECB is based on the design of coil placement, which induces axial area of the disk as well as the electromagnet source. A potential issue for the development of axial ECB is also discussed to explore the braking performance improvement of the axial type ECB. It was highlighted that research on how to change the direction of magnetic field vectors by changing the shape of the pole-shoe on the electromagnetic ECB in axial type has not been widely studied. Therefore, this issue would be interesting for future investigation.

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Talib, Irsa, Jawad Hussain, Imran Amjad, Muhammad Fahad Abid, Dawood Sajjad, Mifrah Ali, and Fizza Ghulam Nabi. "Brake Power and Load Analysis of Electromagnetic Braking System." Pakistan Journal of Engineering and Technology 5, no. 2 (September 12, 2022): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.51846/vol5iss2pp140-145.

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This study aimed to develop a model and prototype of a more sustainable electromagnetic braking system which can cope with the future demands of the automobile industry due to the increasing number of e-vehicles. The braking mechanism is been used in almost every type of mechanical vehicle and it utilizes crude oil as fuel which when burnt causes air pollution. To save the environment from air pollution e-vehicles have been introduced to the market. Electromagnetic brakes are been used in e-vehicles as these vehicles incorporate huge electric systems which may be damaged or ignited through any leakage from the hydraulic brake. In this study, engineering knowledge has been implemented to design and fabricate a model of the electromagnetic braking system (EMS) which works on the principle of eddy current. A 3D model of EMS was developed. Further, static displacement and brake power analyses were performed to check the strength of EMS and the performance of the prototype developed, respectively. At an average speed of 31 RPM, brake power produced was 3.9 W. Static structural analysis on a frame made of grey cast iron showed that there was negligible deformation for load up to 200 N. Electromagnetic braking system based on this analysis and model could meet the market needs for conveyor belt application as well. The observations from this study might be useful in the development of a more efficient electrical vehicle braking system with varying demands of momentum.

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Ying, Zhi Ding, Yu Long Fang, Xin Fu Xu, Wei Sun, and Yang Chu. "Analysis of Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Simulation of the Disc Eddy Current Braking Device." Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (May 2012): 553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.553.

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To analyze the variation of electromagnetic field distribution, a mathematical model of the eddy current brake (ECB) is established and the two-dimensional simulation and three-dimensional simulation are comparatively analyzed. Then the curves of the braking torque of the ECB at different speeds are obtained by the simulations. The characteristics of two-dimensional and three-dimensional simulation of the electromagnetic field of the ECB are summarized by contrasted comparative curves between simulation date and test date. The analysis is helpful to optimizing the application of electromagnetism by using software.

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Al-Barbarawi, O. M. "Improving Performance of the Braking Process, and Analysis Torque-Speed Characteristics of the Induction Motor." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 8, no. 6 (December 22, 2018): 3585–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2325.

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This study aims to investigate, analyze, discuss and illustrate an effective and reliable fast braking system used in a three-phase induction motor by combining two or more different conventional braking methods such as dynamic-plugging and electromagnetic-plugging. The plugging process is implemented by disconnecting one of the stator phases and connecting it with an electromagnetic brake while interchanging the other two phases. The dynamic process is executed by inserting high resistance in the rotor circuit of the motor. The performance of the torque-speed characteristics of the induction motor will be studied and analyzed through the dynamic process. Mathematical models have been developed and simulated. Results show that the braking process time is greatly reduced.

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Bennett, J., T. Gora, P. Kemmey, and W. Kolkert. "Electromagnetic braking of a metallic projectile in flight." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 21, no. 3 (May 1985): 1250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.1985.1063888.

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Li, Xiaohan, Leilei Zhao, Changcheng Zhou, Xue Li, and Hongyan Li. "Pneumatic ABS Modeling and Failure Mode Analysis of Electromagnetic and Control Valves for Commercial Vehicles." Electronics 9, no. 2 (February 12, 2020): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9020318.

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A failure of the pneumatic ABS (anti-lock braking system) weakens the braking performance of commercial vehicles. It affects the driving safety of vehicles. There are four typical failure modes that include: the failure of the pilot inlet solenoid valve and pilot exhaust solenoid valve of the pressure regulator, the failure of the series dual-chamber brake valve, and the failure of the relay valve. In order to study the braking performance and the rule of vehicles under the failure modes of the pneumatic ABS, the co-simulation model of the pneumatic ABS of the commercial vehicle was established based on AMESim and Simulink softwares. The gas path subsystem of the pneumatic ABS and the vehicle model were built based on AMESim. The controller was established based on Simulink/Stateflow. The data were transmitted between the AMESim and Simulink software by using the data interface block. The co-simulation model was validated by tests. The results showed that the maximum error of the braking deceleration is 13.51%. The model can simulate the braking process of the vehicle well. Based on this, the four typical failure modes of the pneumatic ABS were simulated, and the influences of different failure modes on the braking ability were analyzed. The influence of failure ratio on braking distance in four modes was obtained. It can be seen from the simulation results that the failure of the pilot inlet solenoid valve and the pilot exhaust solenoid valve of the pressure regulator cause the wheel lock. The failure of the lower chamber of the brake valve and the failure of the relay valve have a great influence on the braking distance.

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Perz, Piotr, Dominik Wilczyński, and Ireneusz Malujda. "Experimental determination of electromagnetic brake parameters of the positioning system." MATEC Web of Conferences 254 (2019): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925403011.

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The paper presents the results of an electromagnetic brake test of a hybrid positioning system consisting of a pneumatic cylinder and an electromagnetic brake. Brake tests were carried out on the MTS Insight testing machine, which determined the attraction forces of the electromagnet depending on the size of the air gap and the current flowing through the winding of the electromagnet. The time constants of the positioning unit and the electromagnet were measured, which allowed to develop an effective control system reaching shorter times and higher positioning accuracy as well as a higher average piston speed. The presented system ensures free programming of displacements of the actuator and maintaining the set position. Obtaining higher average speeds of the pneumatic cylinder piston is possible due to the use of effective control parameters such as shortening the braking phase and the time of reaching the desired position.

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Obara, T., N. Kumagai, and T. Takiguchi. "Development of Hybrid Rail Brake." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 209, no. 2 (July 1995): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1995_209_257_02.

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In Japan three types of rail brake were tested in the field. They were the eddy current rail brake, the electromagnetic rail brake, and the hybrid rail brake. The eddy current type, which does not come into contact with rails, needs high current and greatly increases the temperature in rails. The electromagnetic type which attracts rails and achieves braking by frictional force cannot generate a stable braking force. Therefore the authors developed a hybrid rail brake, which has advantages over the other two types. This type does not need as much current, and keeps rail temperature low.

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Wang, Kuiyang, Ren He, Jinhua Tang, and Ruochen Liu. "Performances Analysis of a Novel Electromagnetic-Frictional Integrated Brake Based on Multi-Physical Fields Coupling." World Electric Vehicle Journal 10, no. 1 (February 21, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj10010009.

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In this article, a novel electromagnetic-frictional integrated brake is proposed, and its structure and working principle are introduced. The geometric model and mathematical models of integrated brake were established, and the multi-field coupling mechanism of integrated brake were analyzed. With BYD Qin as a reference vehicle, the boundary conditions of thermal load and force load of integrated brake were determined according to its structure and performance parameters. Based on the COMSOL software, numerical coupling calculations of electric, magnetic, thermal, and solid fields of integrated brake were carried out respectively in the emergency and downhill braking at a constant speed. The axial, circumferential, and radial temperature distributions of integrated brake disc were analyzed respectively, and they were compared with those of the traditional friction brake disc. The analysis results show that the proposed integrated brake can effectively improve the heat fading resistance of automotive brake during emergency and continuous braking. Under the two braking conditions, the temperature rise of friction brake was faster than that of an electromagnetic brake, and the effect of the electromagnetic brake on temperature rise of integrated brake was small.

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Tang, Jinhua, and Yanyan Zuo. "The Design and Magnetic Field Analysis of a Double Rotor Permanent Magnet Braking Device." Processes 10, no. 2 (February 11, 2022): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10020346.

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During long-term continuous braking, high-intensity braking, or frequent braking, the temperature of the brake disc or brake drum will increase significantly, resulting in a decrease in the friction coefficient, the aggravation of the wear degree, and the dangerous heat recession of partial or even total loss of braking efficiency. This paper focuses on an innovative double rotor permanent magnet braking device, which is located on the inner side of the wheel hub, to improve the heat decay resistance of the friction braking device. The structure and principle of the double rotor permanent magnet braking device were given, and its main structural parameters were designed, calculated, and optimized. The geometric model and finite element model of the double rotor permanent magnet braking device were established. The static and transient magnetic field analysis and the braking torque characteristic analysis of the double rotor permanent magnet braking device were carried out by using Maxwell electromagnetic analysis software. The results show that the magnetic flux density in the working area of the double rotor permanent magnet braking device increases with the increase in rotation speed, the braking torque changes with the change of rotation speed, and the maximum braking torque occurs in the low-speed area, which is consistent with the theoretical calculation results. This provides a theoretical basis for the follow-up prototype test of the double rotor permanent magnet braking device.

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Adly, A. A., and S. K. Abd-El-Hafiz. "Speed-Range-Based Optimization of Nonlinear Electromagnetic Braking Systems." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 43, no. 6 (June 2007): 2606–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2007.893411.

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Land, Sara, Patrick McGuire, Nikhil Bumb, Brian P. Mann, and Benjamin B. Yellen. "Electromagnetic braking revisited with a magnetic point dipole model." American Journal of Physics 84, no. 4 (April 2016): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.4941099.

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Vakhrushev, Alexander, Abdellah Kharicha, Zhongqiu Liu, Menghuai Wu, Andreas Ludwig, Gerald Nitzl, Yong Tang, Gernot Hackl, and Josef Watzinger. "Electric Current Distribution During Electromagnetic Braking in Continuous Casting." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 51, no. 6 (September 2, 2020): 2811–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-020-01952-3.

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AbstractThe electromagnetic brake (EMBr) is a well-known and widely applied technology for controlling the melt flow in the continuous casting (CC) of the steel. The effect of a steady (DC) magnetic field (0.31 T) in a CC mold is numerically studied based on the GaInSn experiment. The electrical boundary conditions are varied by considering a perfectly insulating/conductive mold or the presence of a conductive solid shell, which is experimentally modeled by 0.5 mm brass plates. An intense current density (up to 350 kA/m2) is induced by the EMBr magnetic field in the form of loops. The electric current loop tends to close either inside the liquid bulk or through the conductive solid. Based on the character of the induced current loop closures, the turbulent flow is affected as follows: (i) it becomes unstable in the insulated mold, forming 2D self-inducing vortex structures aligned with the magnetic field; (ii) it is strongly damped for the conductive mold; and (iii) it exhibits transitional behavior with the presence of a solid shell. The application of the obtained results for the real CC process is discussed and validated.

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Galanin, Michail, Aleksey Lototsky, and Alexander Rodin. "THE MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF LINER MOVEMENT IN A MAGNETIC COMPRESSOR: ELASTIC, LIQUID AND PLASTIC LINER MODELS COMPARISON." Mathematical Modelling and Analysis 17, no. 1 (February 1, 2012): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13926292.2012.644406.

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The paper is aimed to model the electromagnetic acceleration and braking of the liner in magnetic compressor. The 2D approach corresponding to the longitudinal section of spatial region is considered. Liquid, elastic, and plastic models of the liner are presented. The comparative analysis of calculation results for different models and their correlation with experimental data are carried out. The research of the influence of circuit parameters on liner braking is done.

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Voevodskii, Constantine E., and Vladimir M. Strepetov. "Longitudinal vibrations in electrodynamics suspension system." Transportation systems and technology 2, no. 1 (December 15, 2016): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst20162152-64.

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A system of electrodynamics suspension (EDS) in which the primary source of the field (electromagnet) is moving in a straight line parallel to the surface of the track and his speed makes small oscillations around a mean value is considered. The approximation of an infinitely wide track is allowed, the primary source of the electromagnetic field acts as a so-called periodic source. This problem is a special case of the general problem of the rate of the transients in the EDS, caused by uneven movement. Named speed determines the amount of time constants that make sense, and in contrast to the simplest case of a one-dimensional linear oscillator system EDS characterizes not by a single time constant, but by infinite set of values. The method of calculation of levitation and braking forces acting in this oscillatory motion on carriage electromagnet is worked out and simple explicit formulas to calculate these forces are got. On the basis of the calculation of time constants the rate of the transients in the EDS, caused by uneven movement is assessed. The calculations of levitation and braking forces according to the developed technique are made. The results obtained allow to delimit the applicability of the so-called quasi-static approach which consists in that the irregularly moving of electromagnet replaced by concurrent, i.e., the same electromagnet, similarly disposed and uniformly moving with a speed coinciding with the instantaneous value of the actual longitudinal speed of the electromagnet. In the quasi-static approximation, fluctuations of levitation and braking forces are in phase with oscillations of speed and amplitude of the forces oscillations do not depends on the frequency of the speed oscillation. The calculations show that in reality there is phase shift between the forces oscillations and speed oscillations depending on the frequency. Amplitudes of levitation and braking forces oscillations also depend on the oscillation frequency, and for each speed value a resonance frequency exists at which they reach the maximum value.

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Cruceanu, Cătălin, and Camil Crăciun. "Necessity and conditionality regarding the electromagnetic track brake - parametric study." MATEC Web of Conferences 178 (2018): 06020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817806020.

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The paper explores the speed limits requiring additional braking systems independent of rail/wheel adhesion. Regarding the electromagnetic track brake (MTB), conditions to achieve the safety traffic requirements for stopping distances and decelerations are investigated by means of numerical simulations. The computing program integrates the movement equation of the vehicle, taking into account weight, resistance to forward movement, etc. The study is performed for 40...60 t four axles passenger vehicles and it was considered a speed domain of 160...300 km/h. The results indicate that deceleration requirements are an important limitative parameter for constructive top speeds of railway vehicles. For velocities higher than 210...230 km/h, the braking distances exceed the possibility of running under conventional signalling system.

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Karaliunas, Bronius, and Edvardas Matkevicius. "Calculation Spectral Characteristics of Magnetic Field of the Linear Induction Motor at the Braking Modes." Solid State Phenomena 144 (September 2008): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.144.136.

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The paper considers some problems of calculating spectral characteristics of magnetic field of the linear induction motor (LIM), operating at the electrical braking modes. In automatic drives with LIM the electric braking modes are usually applied: dynamic, recuperation, single – phase, capacitor type, braking by means of opposite connection, by pulsating current and inverter type (frequency) braking. During the process of braking in the moving part of the LIM and in some cases in an inductor there are initiated complicated interrelated electromagnetic and electromechanical non – stationary processes. The braking processes have been analysed in the motionless right – sided Descartes system of coordinates x, y, z. There have been presented the expressions of volumetric density of braking current which have been regarded the non – periodic functions of coordinate x. Besides that in cases of single – phase and capacitor braking these expressions are also regarded as the non – periodic functions of time. Therefore when compiling the mathematical model there have been applied Laplace and Fourier integral transformations. After having applied Fourier transformation there have been received the expressions of the spectra amplitudes of primary magnetic field at the dynamic braking under the condition that the number of excited zones in the inductor is even, uneven and fractional. The continuous spectra of amplitudes have been calculated by the software Mathcad 2001 Profesional.

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42

Tan, Ruoyu, Jieji Zheng, Bin Yu, Baoyu Li, Dapeng Fan, and Xin Xie. "Design and analysis of a hollow-ring permanent magnet brake for robot joints." Mechanical Sciences 13, no. 2 (August 5, 2022): 687–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-13-687-2022.

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Abstract. An electromagnetic brake is the key basic component to ensure the safety of robot joints. The conventional electromagnetic brake mostly uses a set of springs to provide braking force and solenoid power to provide a recovery force, which makes this kind of brake with large thickness and small braking torque that is not conducive to the application in light and small joint components. In many design processes, unclear understanding of the machine-electric-magnetic coupling characteristics leads to relatively simple theoretical models and inaccurate theoretical results, which do not provide more help for subsequent designs. In this paper, a hollow-ring type permanent magnetic power-loss protection brake, integrated inside a joint assembly, is designed. The brake uses rare earth Nd–Fe–B permanent magnets to provide braking suction instead of ordinary spring packs, and achieves motion guidance and braking torque transmission by means of leaf spring. Combined with the deformation model of the leaf spring and the magnetic circuit models of the brake under the power-on and power-off conditions, the overall coupling dynamics model of the brake is established. The theoretical results are compared through finite-element software, and a prototype is produced for experimental testing. Finally, the accuracy and validity of the theoretical model are verified, providing a theoretical and experimental basis for the design of this type of brake.

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Jia, Chao, Hongze Xu, and Longsheng Wang. "Nonlinear Hybrid Multipoint Model of High-Speed Train with Traction/Braking Dynamic and Speed Estimation Law." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (January 17, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1364657.

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This paper establishes a NHMPM (Nonlinear Hybrid Multipoint Model) for HST (High-Speed Train) with the traction/braking dynamic and speed estimation law. Firstly, a full-order flux observer is designed using regional pole assignment theory to calculate the electromagnetic torque. The traction and braking forces are obtained according to this electromagnetic torque. Then the basic running resistance force is reformulated by considering the aerodynamic drag distribution characteristics, and the nonlinear in-train coupling force is analyzed as well. Next, the NHMPM including integer variables of running status and car types is built, where an adaptive parameter estimation algorithm and a speed estimation law are proposed to estimate unknown resistance coefficients and train speed, respectively. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, law, and NHMPM is verified through numerical simulations last.

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Murthy, V. V. R. "Automatic Speed Reduction to Avoid Accidents." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 1526–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37602.

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Abstract: We analyse the automatic braking system to reduce the speed automatically to avoid the panic action of automobiles. Stop the vehicle when it is in the accidental zone, we applied the velocity calculation according to the weight of the body which can reach to required velocity state to avoid the accident. We are using the electromagnetic braking system to reduce the speed of vehicle it is about meet the accident. In this we achieve a better braking system and also it is relevant to future automobiles. The prototype has been prepared depicting the technology and tested as per the simulated conditions. In future the actual model may be developed depending on its feasibility

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Cao, Qing Hua. "Digital Electro-Hydraulic Proportional Control for Bulldozer Working Device." Applied Mechanics and Materials 40-41 (November 2010): 771–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.40-41.771.

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In order to improve the steering and braking of the bulldozers, electro-hydraulic proportional control technology is adopted without change the transmission system of bulldozer, two hydraulic rams are used to control the steering and braking valves in both sides of bulldozer, one electromagnetic direction valve to select controlling side, and proportional reduced valve to control the pressure of hydraulic ram. Then Matlab/Simulink to imitate the dynamic characteristic is used, The single stick steering and braking control system designed improve the maneuverability and operating condition of bulldozer. The result of this paper can apply to practice directly and use for reference for other engineering machine as to single stick centralized control.

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Yang, Xiao Jun, Ren He, Fan Wang, and Yi Zeng Feng. "Transient Electromagnetic Field Numerical Analysis of Self-Excited Retarder." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 789–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.789.

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Power generation performance of a self-excited retarder determines whether the design goal of its braking torque could be achieved. The numerical analysis of transient electromagnetic field took magnetic vector potential as variable and made six reasonable assumptions to simplify calculation. Based on above, definite solution about transient electromagnetic field and the finite element received a detailed description. The external circuit and end effect of the power generation unit were taken into account so as to improve the calculation accuracy. Let the finite element equation and external circuit equation combine to form field-circuit coupled equations and then using Crank Nicolson method established its space-time discrete model. After verification by experiment, theoretical performance of the power generation unit was basically consistent to the experimental result for a 500Nm prototype. This showed that the numerical analysis as well as the model was feasible and the power generation unit could satisfy the requirement of braking unit for excitation current.

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Sampathkumar, M., A. Sakthivel, P. Tharun Prasad, S. Vinothkumar, and R. Vinothkumar. "Design and fabrication of electromagnetic braking system for four wheeler." South Asian Journal of Engineering and Technology 8, no. 1 (February 8, 2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/sajet190802.

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These brakes designed by controlling for equipment, automobiles and movers are suitable for AC&DC power supplies up to 12 v to 220 v and are suitable for wide range of drum sizes 10 to 380 mm dia these brakes are suitable with a rated torque ranging from 100kg-cm for the smallest brake up to 2000 kg-cm for a 380mm dia at 50% coil rating, the coil remains in circuit for a maximum 5 min out of every 10min. Since these brakes are closed position, the release of brake shoes is affected by energizing the electromagnetic coil which over comes the spring force and shoes are moved clear of drum by lever system so that the drum is free to rotate without any friction. When the power given to the electromagnetic coil the coil gets energized and in turns the plunger pulls down. The plunger in turn operates the arm of the brake and the brake opens. When specied brake drum both pin bush type and flexible geared type can be supplied along with the brakes.

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Shi, Jun, Ren He, and Xiao Dan Gu. "Study and Design of Integrated System of Electromagnetic and Frictional Brake of Car." Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.739.

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To solve the brake thermal recession of traditional brake, an integrated brake of double-disc frictional and electromagnetic was proposed. For a certain car, the integrated brake of double-disc frictional with electromagnetic was designed. Through simulation and bench test, torque characteristic of the integrated brake was studied. Results showed that the theoretical designing curve agreed well with the experimental curve. The electromagnetic brake device of the integrated brake can provide a braking torque for 180-202N.m, thus it can effectively improve the brake thermal recession.

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Lin, Chun-Liang, Hao-Che Hung, and Jia-Cheng Li. "Active Control of Regenerative Brake for Electric Vehicles." Actuators 7, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act7040084.

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Looking at new trends in global policies, electric vehicles (EVs) are expected to increasingly replace gasoline vehicles in the near future. For current electric vehicles, the motor current driving system and the braking control system are two independent issues with separate design. If a self-induced back-EMF voltage from the motor is a short circuit, then short-circuiting the motor will result in braking. The higher the speed of the motor, the stronger the braking effect. However, the effect is deficient quickly once the motor speed drops quickly. Traditional kinetic brake (i.e., in the short circuit is replaced by a resistor) and dynamic brake (the short circuit brake is replaced by a capacitor) rely on the back EMF alone to generate braking toque. The braking torque generated is usually not enough to effectively stop a rotating motor in a short period of time. In this research task, an integrated driving and braking control system is considered for EVs with an active regenerative braking control system where back electromagnetic field (EMF), controlled by the pulse-width modulation (PWM) technique, is used to charge a pump capacitor. The capacitor is used as an extra energy source cascaded with the battery as a charge pump. This is used to boost braking torque to stop the rotating motor in an efficient way while braking. Experiments are conducted to verify the proposed design. Compared to the traditional kinetic brake and dynamic brake, the proposed active regenerative control system shows better braking performance in terms of stopping time and stopping distance.

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Baharom, M. Z., M. Z. Nuawi, G. Priyandoko, S. M. Harris, and M. Z. Omar. "Electromagnetic Braking Using Eddy Current Resistance for Stationary Exercise Bike." Advanced Science Letters 19, no. 11 (November 1, 2013): 3143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2013.5163.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Electromagnetic braking'

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