Relevant bibliographies by topics / Electromagnetic (EM) fields

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Electromagnetic (EM) fields'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Electromagnetic (EM) fields"

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Doria, R. M., and I. Soares. "Four Bosons EM Conservation Laws." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 19 (May 27, 2021): 40–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jap.v19i.9024.

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Electromagnetism is expressed from two basic postulates. They are light invarianceand charge conservation. At this work one extends the Maxwell scenario from macroscopic to microscopic electromagnetism by following the elementary particles electric charge microscopic behavior. It yields a triune electric charge interrelationship. Three charges {+, 0, −} be exchanged through a vector bosons quadruplet. It is called Four Bosons Electromagnetism. A systemic EM physics appears to be understood. Maxwell photon is not enough for describing the microscopic electric charge physics. An extension for electromagnetic energy is obtained. The fields quadruplet {Aµ, Uµ, Vµ±} are the porters of electromagnetic energy. They are the usual photon Aµ, massive photon Uµ and two charged photons Vµ±, A new understanding on EM phenomena has to be considered. A set determinism based on granular and collective fields is developed. A space-time evolution associated to a whole.Conservation laws are studied. The EM phenomena is enlarged to three charges interchanges to {+, 0, −}. Two novelties appear. New features on nonlinear fields acting as own sources and on electric charge physics. Properties as conservation, conduction, transmission, interaction are extended to a systemic electromagnetism. A whole conservation law for electric charge emerges from three charges interwoven. Electric charge has a systemic behavior. Although there is no Coulomb law for zero electric charge, the Four Bosons Electromagnetism contains an EM energy which provides a neutral electromagnetism. Particles with zero charge {Aµ, Uµ} are carrying EM energy. Another consideration is on EM energy being transported by four nonlinear fields. A new physicality appears. The abelian nonlinearity generates fields charges. Fields are working as own sources through mass terms, trilinear and quadrilinear interactions, spin couplings. Consequently the photon is more than being a consequence from electric charge oscillations. It is able to generate its own charge. Introduce the meaning of photonics.Thus, electric charge is no more the isolate electromagnetic source. There are another conservation laws. Fields sources appear through corresponding equations of motion, Bianchi identities, energy-momentum, Noether laws and angular momentum conservation laws. They move EM to a fields charges dependence. Together with electric charge they carrythe electromagnetic flux. Supporting the Ahranov-Bohm experiment of potential fields as primitive entities.
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Chauca, J., R. Doria, and R. Soares. "Four Bosons EM Gauge Invariance and EM Flux." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 19 (October 25, 2021): 281–345. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jap.v19i.9054.

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Electromagnetic phenomena is based on electric charge and spin. However, Maxwell equations are just macroscopic. There is a microscopic EM phenomena to be understood. A performance originated from electric charge microscopic behavior. Thus, keeping on mind the two basic EM postulates, which are light invariance and charge conservation, Maxwell is extended to a Four Bosons Electromagnetism. It says that, the macroscopic Maxwell equations does not describe all electromagnetism. The electric charge physics has been studied microscopically through elementary particle physics. A new perception of EM phenomena emerges based on three interconnected charges {+, 0, −} under four intermediated bosons {Aµ, Uµ, V±µ }. From Maxwell photon, EM becomes a systemic cooperation between four fields. This quadruplet originates a new electric charge physics. New features for electric charge conservation, exchange, conduction, interaction are derived. The research is to analyze the Four Bosons Electromagnetism gauge invariance and EM flux. The model is studied under U(1), SO(2)global and U(1)×SO(2)global symmetries. Two approaches are considered. Based on fields strengths and on fields. A gauge invariant quadruplet physics is obtained under free coefficients conditions. A nonlinear EM flux appears. Without requiring electric charge as source nonlinear fields work as own sources for flowing spin-1 and spin-0 waves and particles. It flows through a four potential field quadruplet, granular and collective fields strengths. A self contained EM is constituted providing a nonlinear physicality that precedes physical constants as electric charge and medium parameters. The EM meaning is enlarged and we have to understand on the physical structures generated by this antireductionist nonlinear four bosons microscopic electromagnetism. Determine the corresponding fields blocks which are real and gauge invariants. They are identified as the electromagnetic domains. The Four Bosons EM develops interdependent EM domains. Interlaced physical sectors sharing a common EM energy context. Lagrangian, equations of motion, conservation laws are expressing such domains physics. They correspond to physical sectors where each one contains its own EM energy.
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Doria, R., and L. S. Mendes. "On the electromagnetic symmetry producing fields charges at four bosons association." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 21 (May 25, 2023): 34–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jap.v21i.9437.

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Physics would like to know what electric charge is. As a matter property it generates EM fields, coupling constant,conserved current. Nevertheless Maxwell is uncomplete. It requires to be extended. An approach is supported byelectric charge transfer phenomenology. Consider on three flavours charges {+, 0, −} transmission.A generic electric charge is defined by the triad {+, 0, −}. It provides an exchange charge physics through thequadruplet {Aμ, Uμ, V ± μ }. An electromagnetic symmetry is constituted. It associates the four vectorial bosons. TheEM completeness of particles carrying three electric charges is found. A four photons EM is derived. It includes, Aμ asthe usual photon, Uμ massive photon, V±μ massive charged photons. A new electromagnetic physics is expressed through an enlarged abelian symmetry, Uq(1). Maxwell relationshipsbetween charge and fields are extended. Fields charges are more primitive than electric charge. Noether theoremimproves the attributes on electric charge conservation, symmetry equation and constraint. The symmetry equationwhich govern the electric charge dynamics shows a charge behaviour beyond matter, as fields flux. EM interaction isextended from fine structure constant to modulated and neutral charges.The four bosons electromagnetism introduces a non-univoque electromagnetic symmetry. A pluriformity of EM modelsis performed under similar abelian group, Uq(1). Opportunities for different EM models are constituted preservingcharge conservation law and sharing a common Lagrangian. Physical varieties on Noether theorem, fields strengths,Lagrangian coefficients, equations of motion, fields charges are expressed. Electric charge is englobed by fields charges.The simplest four bosons model is selected. That one which fields strengths are gauge invariants. Propitiatingmeasurable granular and collective fields strenghts. Four kinds of charges are expressed through equations of motion.Electric, modulate, neutral and Bianchi. Allowing to include new EM sectors. Extend Maxwell for nonintegers charges,nonlinearity, neutral EM, spintronics, weak interactions, photonics. A new EM energy emerges.
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Livingston, Gordon K., Kristine L. Witt, Om P. Gandhi, Indira Chatterjee, Joseph L. Roti Roti, and L. G. Littlefield. "Reproductive integrity of mammalian cells exposed to power frequency electromagnetic fields." Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 17, no. 1 (1991): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/em.2850170108.

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Voloshko, Т. E., та О. V. Fedotov. "ВПЛИВ ЕЛЕКТРОМАГНІТНИХ ПОЛІВ НА АКТИВНІСТЬ ОКСИДОРЕДУКТАЗ ДЕЯКИХ ВИДІВ БАЗИДІОМІЦЕТІВ". Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University 3, № 02 (2013): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/20133_16.

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<p>The influence of electromagnetic fields of various modes of irradiation on the activity of oxidoreductases of basidiomycetes <em>Agrocybe cylindracea</em>; <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> and <em>Fistulina hepatica</em> in culture was investigated. The strains were cultured of glucose-peptone medium for 12 days. The accumulation of oven-dry biomass was determined by the weight method. The content of soluble protein, catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities was determined by the spectrophotometric methods. It was found, that the level of activity of the enzymes depends on the frequency, power and duration of the effects of electromagnetic fields significantly. It was record a positive effect of the electromagnetic field with a frequency of 27.12 Hz, 70 watts. It was reveal the negative impact of electromagnetic field with a frequency of 0.8-2.4 GHz (GSM Wi-Fi range). It was found, that the fungal cultures are capable of adapting to prolonged exposure of effects of electromagnetic fields.</p> <p><em>Key words: the electromagnetic field, basidiomycetes, the activity of oxidoreductases.</em></p>
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Górski, Romuald, Hanna Dorna, Agnieszka Rosińska, Dorota Szopińska, and Stanisław Wosiński. "Effects of Electromagnetic Fields and their Shielding on the Quality of Carrot (Daucus Carota L.) Seeds." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 26, no. 4 (2019): 785–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2019-0055.

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Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the effect of electromagnetic fields and their shielding on carrot seed quality. Three sectors were separated on the device emitting electromagnetic fields: “E” - sector emitting electromagnetic radiation with the predominance of the electrical component, “EM” - sector emitting electromagnetic radiation without domination of its components and “M” - sector with a predominance of magnetic component. Fields generated by the device were also shielded with ADR TEX screen, based on a nanocomposite in which the electric component of the electromagnetic radiation is absorbed by water dispersed in a dielectric matrix in various ways. The composites exhibit high dielectric absorption and shield electric fields within the frequency range from ~100 mHz to ~100 kHz. Seed germination and vigour were evaluated at 20 °C in darkness. Mycological analysis was performed using a deep-freeze blotter test. Exposure of seeds to radiation with the predominance of the electrical component and electromagnetic radiation without domination of its components combined with shielding of electromagnetic fields with ADR TEX (E+ADR TEX and EM+ADR TEX) increased seed germination energy and germination capacity compared to these treatments without shielding and control. The percentage of abnormal diseased seedlings in treatments with shielding of electromagnetic fields with ADR TEX (E+ADR TEX, EM+ADR TEX and M+ADR TEX) was significantly lower than in the treatments without shielding and in control. None of the treatments affected seed vigour. Generally, exposure of seeds to electromagnetic radiation did not influence the incidence of fungi.
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Olsen, Kim Bak, and Gerald W. Hohmann. "Adaptive noise cancellation for time‐domain EM data." GEOPHYSICS 57, no. 3 (1992): 466–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443260.

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A typical time‐domain electromagnetic (TDEM) survey is carried out by recording the transient response of the target area due to currents induced by the abrupt turnoff of the current in a large ungrounded loop at the surface. The depth of exploration is controlled by the strength of the transient signal at late times, when the natural fields become comparable in amplitude to the controlled‐source response (Spies, 1989). Nichols et al. (1988) claim that it should be possible to reduce the natural magnetic fields in controlled source electromagnetic data by 40–60 dB because the fields are coherent over large distances, thus reducing the needed transmitter power and averaging time dramatically. This study tests a method using adaptive filtering of remotely measured magnetic fields to improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio for the late‐time response.
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Yin, Changchun, and Greg Hodges. "3D animated visualization of EM diffusion for a frequency-domain helicopter EM system." GEOPHYSICS 72, no. 1 (2007): F1—F7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2374706.

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The electromagnetic fields inside the earth are calculated by continuation downward of the electromagnetic (EM) solutions at the location of a frequency-domain helicopter electromagnetic (HEM) sensor. Models examined using the continuation approach include a layered isotropic and anisotropic earth. The finite-element approach is used to model 2D structures of a dipping contact or a dipping dike. By incorporating a time factor, we display the EM diffusion in the earth (change in direction and amplitude of the EM field through time) as 3D animated vectors or contours. The propagation of the EM smoke ring, influenced by the resistivity and structure of the earth, is apparent from the dynamic presentations. The current propagates downward and outward with time, becoming wider and more diffuse, and the phase varies with time, depth, and outward distance. The downward propagation of EM fields is slower in more conductive geology. In a layered isotropic earth, the current ring is symmetric with no vertical current flow for both vertical and horizontal dipole transmitters. In anisotropic or 2D structures; however, the current flow is significantly distorted resulting in vertical current flow and nonsymmetric smoke rings.
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Doria, Renato, J. Helayel, M. Chaichian, E. Spallucci, M. Botta Cantcheff, and A. Shabad. "A New Model for a Non-Linear Electromagnetic Model with Self-Interacting Photons." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 7, no. 3 (2015): 1840–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jap.v7i3.1579.

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A new electromagnetism is still expected to be developed. Thus, under such a principlewhere nature works as a group, an electromagnetism beyond Maxwell is studied. It considersthat light metric antecedes electric charge for founding the EM phenomena. Based on wholenessprinciple, Lorentz group and gauge invariance this electromagnetism sticked on light is proposed.Then, by electromagnetism it will be understood the physics derived from Lorentz group potentialfields family (for simplicity other fields are not included). New electromagnetic fields,sectors, layers and regimes are developed. It yields a branch with transversal and longitudinalEM fields, granular and collective sectors, I-fields layers and four regimes (photonic, massive,neutral, charged) connected through a global photon. Their relationships are determined by astate equation identified as Global Maxwell equation. It contains new Gauss and Ampere laws,exclusive Faraday law for polarization and magnetization vectors, divergenceless magnetizationvector having fields as sources, self-interacting photons mediated by a dimensionless couplingconstant and other features. It is complemented by a Global Lorentz equation which besidesthe usual Lorentz force add forces depending on mass and on potential fields.
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Boerner, D. E., and J. S. Holladay. "Approximate Fréchet derivatives in inductive electromagnetic soundings." GEOPHYSICS 55, no. 12 (1990): 1589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442810.

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Fréchet derivatives play dual roles in electromagnetic (EM) methods as averaging functions relating conductivity to EM fields and as sensitivity functions relating conductivity perturbations to changes in these fields. For one‐dimensional EM inductive sounding, the Fréchet derivatives are not strongly model‐dependent, even for quite diverse earth models. In fact, using a scaled version of the Fréchet derivative for a uniform half‐space to approximate the exact Jacobian in a layered earth inversion program can actually improve the convergence to an acceptable model. This lack of a strong model dependence makes it possible to consider the capabilities and limitations of EM “imaging” methods from the perspective of Fréchet derivatives. Of particular interest is that noninductive Fréchet derivatives are strongly model‐dependent and hence the EM fields generated by this mode are less amenable to imaging techniques.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electromagnetic (EM) fields"

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Ma, Zuhui, and 馬祖輝. "Fast methods for low-frequency and static EM problems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/195987.

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Electromagnetic effects play an important role in many engineering problems. The fast and accurate numerical methods for electromagnetic analysis are highly desired in both the low-frequency analysis and the static analysis. In the first part of this thesis, a low-frequency stable domain decomposition method, the augmented equivalence principle algorithm (A-EPA) with augmented electric field integral equation (A-EFIE), is introduced for analyzing the electromagnetic problems at low frequencies. The A-EFIE is first employed as a inner current solver for the EPA algorithm so that it improves the low-frequency inaccuracy issue. This method, however, cannot completely remove the low-frequency breakdown. To overcome it, the A-EPA with A-EFIE is studied and developed so that it has the capability to solve low-frequency problems accurately. In the second part, novel Helmholtz decomposition based fast Poisson solvers for both 2-D and 3-D problems are introduced. These new methods are implemented through the quasi-Helmholtz decomposition technique, i.e. the loop-tree decomposition. In 2-D cases, the proposed method can achieve O(N) complexity in terms of both computational cost and memory consumption for moderate accuracy requirements. Although computational costs become higher when more accurate results are needed, a multilevel method by using the hierarchical loop basis functions can obtain the desired efficiency. The same idea can be extend to 3-D case for exploiting a new generation of fast method for electrostatic problems.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Electrical and Electronic Engineering<br>Doctoral<br>Doctor of Philosophy
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SARTORI, CARLOS A. F. "Aspectos de compatibilidade eletromagnética em estruturas atingidas por descargas atmosféricas." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1999. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11625.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:54:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:09:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 12436.pdf: 2191865 bytes, checksum: 12b10ebed00b6647c2de939f5f567b1d (MD5)<br>Tese (Doutoramento)<br>IPEN/T<br>Escola Politecnica, Universidade de Sao Paulo - POLI/USP
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SARTORI, CARLOS A. F. "Avaliação do ambiente eletromagnético em estruturas atingidas por descargas atmosféricas." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1994. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11628.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:54:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:09:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 12440.pdf: 3445926 bytes, checksum: 53acfb637b1d63432057f034c3999fda (MD5)<br>Dissertacao (Mestrado)<br>IPEN/D<br>Escola Politecnica, Universidade de Sao Paulo - POLI/USP
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Gertrudes, João Bosco. "Influência da condutividade e permissividade do solo em função da frequência no cálculo da impedância longitudinal e admitância transversal de linhas aéreas de transmissão." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260993.

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Orientador: Maria Cristina Dias Tavares<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T03:57:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gertrudes_JoaoBosco_D.pdf: 5500576 bytes, checksum: ef85206048f845d1bff89f7c8948d288 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010<br>Resumo: Esta tese tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de modelos mais precisos para o cálculo de parâmetros elétricos de linhas aéreas de transmissão para estudos de transitórios na faixa de frequência 0 a 2 MHz. Esta faixa de frequência cobre a maioria das perturbações eletromagnéticas nos sistemas elétricos: energização, faltas simétricas e assimétricas, rejeições de carga, descargas atmosféricas, perturbações harmônicas, etc. Na faixa de frequência citada, em consequência da dependência dos parâmetros do solo com a frequência, a condutividade elétrica do solo (sg) tem a mesma ordem de grandeza que o produto entre a frequência angular do sinal incidente no solo (w) e a permissividade elétrica do solo (eg). Portanto, as suposições de baixa frequência tradicionalmente adotadas - sg constante e weg desprezível (sg >> weg) - podem levar a modelos que não representam de forma adequada a resposta da linha no caso de transitórios rápidos (com espectro de frequência acima de 1 kHz). O objetivo central desta tese é verificar a influência da dependência dos parâmetros do solo no cálculo da impedância longitudinal e admitância transversal por unidade de comprimento em comparação com os modelos tradicionais de cálculo. As análises são feitas inicialmente para o caso de um único condutor acima do solo e posteriormente através de um estudo para uma linha de transmissão trifásica, 440 kV, em operação no sistema elétrico brasileiro. As impedâncias longitudinais e as admitâncias transversais de retorno pelo solo são avaliadas através de métodos tradicionais de cálculo e através de integração numérica das formulações de Carson modificadas para inclusão do modelo de solo que considera a depêndencia de sg e weg em função da frequência<br>Abstract: This thesis aims to propose more accurate models for calculating the electrical parameters of overhead power transmission lines. The influence of earth's conductivity and permittivity frequency dependence is evaluated when calculating transversal and longitudinal transmission lines' parameters in the frequency range 0 to 2 MHz. This frequency range covers the majority of the electromagnetic transients in electrical systems (switching transients, faults' transients, load rejections, harmonic disturbances, etc). Between 1 kHz to 2 MHz, the product of the signal angular frequency (w) by the dielectric constant (eg) of the soil may have the same order of magnitude as the conductivity (sg), due to the variation of these parameters with frequency. Therefore, the assumptions of low frequency traditionally used - the soil conductivity (sg) considered as constant and weg that can be negligible (sg >> weg) - can lead to incorrect models that do not adequately represent the transmission line's response, in cases of fast transients phenomena (with frequency spectrum above 1 kHz). The importance of properly considering the frequency dependent soil model is presented for the one-conductor case and for a single three-phase transmission line (440 kV, considered ideally transposed). The aim is to compare the transmission line parameters calculated considering the conductivity and weg frequency dependence ground model in relation to the common ground representation, with constant conductivity and weg that may be neglected. It is also compared the results obtained from the complex plane method with those obtained from the Carson's modified expressions for longitudinal parameters and between Carson's modified potential-coefficient correction factors and from the most common approximated methods for transversal admittance parameters<br>Doutorado<br>Energia Eletrica<br>Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
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Lévy, Pierre-Etienne. "Modélisation du rayonnement électromagnétique quasi-statique des composants magnétiques de puissance - Application à la compatibilité EM -." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DENS0019/document.

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L'augmentation du nombre de fonctions électriques disponibles dans les systèmes embarqués amène de nouvelles contraintes d'encombrement et de masse de leurs alimentations. Pour adresser ces problèmes, la miniaturisation et l'intégration des convertisseurs statiques sont donc des thématiques importantes de recherche qui aboutissent à de nombreuses évolutions technologiques et structurelles dont l'apparition de convertisseurs statiques à fréquence de fonctionnement élevée permettant la réduction des éléments passifs du convertisseurs.Ces avancées s'accompagnent cependant d'une augmentation des niveaux de perturbations électromagnétiques générés par le système. Afin de les diminuer, l'insertion de filtres CEM dans le système est nécessaire. Leurs performances sont fortement liées au contrôle de leurs éléments parasites. Les modèles développés jusqu'à présent concernent pour la plupart les effets conduits et l'évaluation de l'impact des phénomènes rayonnés est souvent ignoré ou au mieux basé sur des modèles simplistes. Un des objectifs de cette thèse est donc d'apporter un degré de complexification plus élevé des modèles de rayonnement des composants magnétiques utilisés dans les filtres CEM, tant par une approche par modélisation numérique que par la mise en oeuvre d'un modèle analytique.Dans un premier temps, une étude poussée du rayonnement magnétique de composants simples, les inductances toriques de mode différentiel, a été réalisée. Cette étude a débouché sur la mise en évidence des paramètres critiques déterminant la topologie du champ magnétique rayonné dans l'environnement proche du composant. Le résultat majeur de cette étude est l'importance de la répartition du bobinage autour du circuit magnétique sur le champ magnétique rayonné. De nouveaux modèles ont été proposés pour permettre la prédiction des champs proches rayonnés pour une gamme de fréquence inférieure à la résonance propre du composant.Par la suite, un modèle analytique fin du rayonnement magnétique des inductances de mode commun a été proposé. Ce modèle permet de déterminer \emph{a priori} le rayonnement magnétique proche du composant. Les études menées par la suite ont permis de relier les effets observés en rayonné au phénomènes conduits qui apparaissent dans ces composants notamment pour expliquer certains effets de transfert de mode (commun/différentiel).Dans une dernière partie, une étude de ces composants en susceptibilité électromagnétique (EM) a été menée. Elle a permis de rendre compte de l'influence d'une onde incidente de champ magnétique sur les composants étudiés et de valider les modèles proposés via une approche basée sur la réciprocité EM: la direction privilégiée de rayonnement est aussi celle de couplage facile pour un champ magnétique externe<br>The number of electronic devices in embedded systems is constantly increasing and their contribution to volume and weight is a major concern. In order to solve these issues, a large research effort is devoted to volume reduction and power converters' integration. This lead to constant technological evolution including the appearance of high frequency power electronic converters allowing the reduction of the volume of passive components.However, due to the increase of operating frequencies and the minimization of inter-components distances, the electromagnetic radiations generated by these systems become more important. In order to decrease this interference, EMI filters are often necessary. Their performances are often related to the value of parasitic elements in the filter which must therefore be controlled. Nonetheless most of the existing models focus on conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) and the impact of radiated phenomena is often ignored or greatly simplified. This work will therefore focus on developing highly accurate radiation models for magnetic components commonly used in EMI filters using both numeric and analytic tools.First, the magnetic fields radiated by differential mode (MD) toroidal coils, which belong to the basic magnetic components, will be thoroughly studied. This study highlighted the critical parameters determining the near-field topology. The main result is the discovery of the impact of the winding's layout around the magnetic core on the radiated magnetic field. New models have been developed in order to predict the radiated near field.Then, an accurate analytic model of the the magnetic radiation of common-mode (CM) chokes has been developed. It allows the prediction of the magnetic near-field. The application of the model lead to the correlation between radiated phenomena and conducted effects existing in these components. The importance of the winding on CM to DM mode coupling has therefore been highlighted.Finally, the electromagnetic (EM) susceptibility of these components has been studied. This work describes the influence of an external magnetic field on the components and validates the radiation models developed using the principle of EM reciprocity. It has been shown that the easy directions are the same for both the radiated and the coupled phenomena
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Amaduci, Marcia Regina Lombardo. "Efeitos do campo eletromagnetico em celulas e bacterias." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259947.

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Orientador: Vitor Baranauskas<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T09:59:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Amaduci_MarciaReginaLombardo_M.pdf: 2445338 bytes, checksum: 4bb1cb55957a33fb2a440282e189204d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007<br>Resumo: Este trabalho refere-se a alguns efeitos de um campo eletromagnético aplicados em colônias bacterianas. A bactéria escolhida é bastante conhecida no mundo científico e tratase da Escherichia coli (E. coli). A parte experimental divide-se entre a análise quantitativa, qualitativa e morfológica sobre o ciclo de vida da E. coli. O circuito eletromagnético foi gerado a partir de uma freqüência de 60Hz. Durante um período de 18h, as bactérias acopladas ao circuito eletromagnético se proliferaram em meio aquoso e a cada fase do ciclo de vida da E. coli, foram realizadas diluições em tubos de ensaio para a análise da absorbância e contagem de bactérias viáveis. Ao mesmo tempo foram colocados em uma estufa, na mesma temperatura do circuito, tubos contendo a mesma amostra em quantidade e qualidade, para uma análise paralela do seu ciclo de vida. O trabalho inclui análise morfológica, com a utilização da microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET) e da microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV)<br>Abstract: This research work studies some effects of an electromagnetic field applied on bacteria. The chosen bacterium is quite known in the scientific world, the Escherichia coli (E. coli). The experimental part was divided into the quantitative, qualitative and morphologic analysis on the life of bacterium Escherichia coli. The electromagnetic circuit was generated from a frequency of 60Hz. During a period of 18h, the bacteria connected to the electromagnetic circuit proliferated in watery way, and for each phase of the life cycle of E. coli LT1, dilutions in test tube were performed for the analysis of the absorbancy and counting of viable bacteria. At the same time, other test tubes holding the same sample in amount and quality were placed in a incubator, at the same temperature of the circuit, for a parallel analysis of its cycle of life. The work includes morphologic analysis, with the use of transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM)<br>Mestrado<br>Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica<br>Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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See, Chan Hwang. "Computation of electromagnetic fields in assemblages of biological cells using a modified finite difference time domain scheme : computational electromagnetic methods using quasi-static approximate version of FDTD, modified Berenger absorbing boundary and Floquet periodic boundary conditions to investigate the phenomena in the interaction between EM fields and biological systems." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4762.

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There is an increasing need for accurate models describing the electrical behaviour of individual biological cells exposed to electromagnetic fields. In this area of solving linear problem, the most frequently used technique for computing the EM field is the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method. When modelling objects that are small compared with the wavelength, for example biological cells at radio frequencies, the standard Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method requires extremely small time-step sizes, which may lead to excessive computation times. The problem can be overcome by implementing a quasi-static approximate version of FDTD, based on transferring the working frequency to a higher frequency and scaling back to the frequency of interest after the field has been computed. An approach to modeling and analysis of biological cells, incorporating the Hodgkin and Huxley membrane model, is presented here. Since the external medium of the biological cell is lossy material, a modified Berenger absorbing boundary condition is used to truncate the computation grid. Linear assemblages of cells are investigated and then Floquet periodic boundary conditions are imposed to imitate the effect of periodic replication of the assemblages. Thus, the analysis of a large structure of cells is made more computationally efficient than the modeling of the entire structure. The total fields of the simulated structures are shown to give reasonable and stable results at 900MHz, 1800MHz and 2450MHz. This method will facilitate deeper investigation of the phenomena in the interaction between EM fields and biological systems. Moreover, the nonlinear response of biological cell exposed to a 0.9GHz signal was discussed on observing the second harmonic at 1.8GHz. In this, an electrical circuit model has been proposed to calibrate the performance of nonlinear RF energy conversion inside a high quality factor resonant cavity with known nonlinear device. Meanwhile, the first and second harmonic responses of the cavity due to the loading of the cavity with the lossy material will also be demonstrated. The results from proposed mathematical model, give good indication of the input power required to detect the weakly effects of the second harmonic signal prior to perform the measurement. Hence, this proposed mathematical model will assist to determine how sensitivity of the second harmonic signal can be detected by placing the required specific input power.
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See, Chan H. "Computation of electromagnetic fields in assemblages of biological cells using a modified finite difference time domain scheme. Computational electromagnetic methods using quasi-static approximate version of FDTD, modified Berenger absorbing boundary and Floquet periodic boundary conditions to investigate the phenomena in the interaction between EM fields and biological systems." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4762.

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yes<br>There is an increasing need for accurate models describing the electrical behaviour of individual biological cells exposed to electromagnetic fields. In this area of solving linear problem, the most frequently used technique for computing the EM field is the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method. When modelling objects that are small compared with the wavelength, for example biological cells at radio frequencies, the standard Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method requires extremely small time-step sizes, which may lead to excessive computation times. The problem can be overcome by implementing a quasi-static approximate version of FDTD, based on transferring the working frequency to a higher frequency and scaling back to the frequency of interest after the field has been computed. An approach to modeling and analysis of biological cells, incorporating the Hodgkin and Huxley membrane model, is presented here. Since the external medium of the biological cell is lossy material, a modified Berenger absorbing boundary condition is used to truncate the computation grid. Linear assemblages of cells are investigated and then Floquet periodic boundary conditions are imposed to imitate the effect of periodic replication of the assemblages. Thus, the analysis of a large structure of cells is made more computationally efficient than the modeling of the entire structure. The total fields of the simulated structures are shown to give reasonable and stable results at 900MHz, 1800MHz and 2450MHz. This method will facilitate deeper investigation of the phenomena in the interaction between EM fields and biological systems. Moreover, the nonlinear response of biological cell exposed to a 0.9GHz signal was discussed on observing the second harmonic at 1.8GHz. In this, an electrical circuit model has been proposed to calibrate the performance of nonlinear RF energy conversion inside a high quality factor resonant cavity with known nonlinear device. Meanwhile, the first and second harmonic responses of the cavity due to the loading of the cavity with the lossy material will also be demonstrated. The results from proposed mathematical model, give good indication of the input power required to detect the weakly effects of the second harmonic signal prior to perform the measurement. Hence, this proposed mathematical model will assist to determine how sensitivity of the second harmonic signal can be detected by placing the required specific input power.
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9

BONTURIM, EVERTON. "Controle de propriedades multiferroicas em filmes finos óxidos dopados com íons terras raras para aplicação como dispositivos lógicos e de memória." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2017. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/28033.

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Submitted by Pedro Silva Filho (pfsilva@ipen.br) on 2017-11-22T14:03:18Z No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-22T14:03:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)<br>Nas últimas décadas, o consumo de dispositivos eletrônicos e a alta demanda por armazenamento de dados tem mostrado grandes oportunidades para a criação de novas tecnologias que garantam as necessidades mundiais na área de computação e desenvolvimento. Alguns materiais multiferroicos tem sido amplamente estudados e o BiFeO3, considerado o único material multiferroico em temperatura ambiente, ganhou destaque como candidato para produção de dispositivos lógicos e de memória. O uso de técnicas de crescimento como a deposição por laser pulsado permitiu a produção de filmes finos de BiFeO3 com elevado controle de qualidade. Heteroestruturas de filmes multiferroicos de BiFeO3 e LaBiFeO3 foram crescidas com diferentes espessuras sobre substratos de SrTiO3(100), DyScO3(110) e SrTiO3/Si(100) para avaliação e teste de suas propriedades elétricas e magnéticas. Filmes ferromagnéticos de Co0,9Fe0,1 foram depositados por sputtering sobre os filmes multiferroicos para avaliação da interação interfacial entre ordenamentos magnéticos. Técnicas como fotolitografia foram utilizadas para padronização de microdispositivos gravados sobre as amostras. Tanto os filmes finos de BiFeO3 como os de LaBiFeO3 foram crescidos epitaxialmente sobre os substratos já cobertos com uma camada buffer de SrRuO3 usado como contato elétrico inferior. A estrutura cristalina romboédrica das ferritas de bismuto foi confirmada pelos dados de difração de raios X, bem como a manutenção de tensão estrutural causada pela rede cristalina do substrato para amostras de 20 nm. Os valores de coeficiente do tensor piezelétrico d33 foram da ordem de 0,15 V (&sim; 60 kV.cm-2) para amostras com 20 nm de espessura enquanto que os valores de voltagem coerciva para as análises de histerese elétrica foram da ordem de 0,5 V para as mesmas amostras. A relação de coercividade elétrica com a espessura corresponde ao perfil encontrado na literatura pela relação E&asymp;d-2/3. As amostras de CoFe/BFO e CoFe/LBFO depositadas em diferentes substratos apresentam acoplamento interfacial entre ordenamento ferromagnético e antiferromagnético com momento ferromagnético de rede.<br>Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)<br>IPEN/T<br>Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP<br>CAPES:99999.009511/2014-08<br>CNPq:146622/2013-2
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Milan, Hugo Fernando Maia 1991. "Comparação de modelos para estimativa da máxima variação do potencial elétrico transmembrana induzida por campos elétricos externos em cardiomiócitos isolados de ratos de diferentes idades." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259399.

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Orientadores: José Wilson Magalhães Bassani, Rosana Almada Bassani<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T11:22:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Milan_HugoFernandoMaia_M.pdf: 2735459 bytes, checksum: 650eb9ee4f85d8ff73ae612f72ae3534 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015<br>Resumo: Tendo em vista que a estimulação com campos elétricos externos (E) é utilizada na prática clínica para tratamento de arritmias cardíacas, é necessário um melhor entendimento do fenômeno de polarização da membrana plasmática de cardiomiócitos por E. O disparo de potencial de ação, e subsequente contração celular, induzido por E em cardiomiócitos depende da indução de variação do potencial elétrico transmembrana (?Vm) que leve este potencial ao valor limiar. Devido às limitações dos métodos atualmente disponíveis para medir ?Vm e seu valor máximo, ?Vmax, os modelos eletromagnéticos representam uma importante ferramenta para sua estimativa. Porém, os valores calculados dependem de como o fenômeno de polarização da membrana é modelado. Os modelos eletromagnéticos encontrados na literatura aproximam a forma irregular do cardiomiócito a formas geométricas regulares. Entretanto, até o momento, não se sabe qual destes modelos é o mais adequado para se estimar ?Vm. As células miocárdicas apresentam irregularidades em sua forma e, tanto a forma quanto as dimensões das células alteram-se com o desenvolvimento pós-natal. Neste trabalho, foi desenvolvido um modelo numérico tridimensional (MN3D) da forma irregular da célula, e comparou-se as estimativas de ?Vm induzida por E limiar (?VL) feitas com este modelo e com modelos simplificados, entre estes o modelo numérico bidimensional (MN2D) e os modelos analíticos para cilindro (MACil), esfera (MAEsf), esferóide prolato (MAEsPr) e elipsóide (MAElip). Para estimar ?VL, E limiar e as dimensões celulares foram medidos em células cardíacas isoladas de ratos neonatos (5-7 dias), infantes (28-32 dias) e adultos (4-6 meses), em 6 faixas de ângulos entre a direção de aplicação do campo e o eixo maior da célula. Os modelos foram calibrados do ponto de vista eletromagnético, o que mostrou que, MN2D e MACil são inadequados para estimar ?Vmax. Enquanto as estimativas de ?VL com MN3D e MAEsPr não variaram com o ângulo, mas sim com a idade, o oposto ocorreu com as estimativas feitas com o MAElip. Dentro de certas condições, as estimativas de ?VL feitas com MAEsPr foram as mais próximas daquelas feitas com MN3D. Conclui-se que o MAEsPr, menos complexo tecnicamente, pode fornecer estimativas confiáveis de ?VL, desde que o ângulo de aplicação de E seja pequeno (até 30º)<br>Abstract: Considering that stimulation with external electrical fields (E) is clinically used for arrhythmia treatment, it is important to understand the phenomenon of membrane polarization by E. Action potential and contraction triggering by E in cardiomyocytes depends on the induction of a transmembrane potential variation (?Vm) sufficient for the attainment of the excitation threshold. Due to the limitations of the methods currently available for measurement of ?Vm and its maximum value, ?Vmax, electromagnetic models represent an important tool for this purpose. However, the calculated values depend on how the membrane polarization phenomenon is modeled. The electromagnetic models available in the literature approximate the cardiomyocyte irregular shape to regular geometries. Nevertheless, it has not been ascertained yet which model is the most appropriated to estimate ?Vmax in these cells, of which both dimensions and shape vary markedly during postnatal development, and often present geometric irregularities. Thus, approximation of the cell shape to regular geometries may result in a considerable error in the ?Vm estimation. The aim of this study was to develop a three-dimensional numerical model (MN3D) based on the irregular cell shape and to compare the values of ?Vmax induced by the threshold E (?VL) estimated with this model with those calculated with simplified models, such as the twodimensional numerical model (MN2D) and the analytical models for cylinder (MACil), sphere (MAEsf), prolate spheroid (MAEsPr), and ellipsoid (MAElip). To estimate ?VL, the threshold E and cell dimensions were measured in cardiomyocytes isolated from neonatal (5-7 days), weaning (28-32 days) and adult (4-6 months) rats, for 6 ranges of the angle between the directions of E and the cell major axis. Electromagnetic calibration of the models showed that MN2D and MACil were not suitable for ?Vmax estimation in these cells. While ?VL estimated with MN3D and MAEsPr were angle-independent, but dependent on the animal's age, the opposite was observed regarding the estimates made with MAElip. Under certain conditions, ?VL values estimated with MAEsPr were the closest to those obtained with MN3D. It is concluded that MAEsPr, a less technically complex model, can provide reliable ?VL estimates provided that the angle between the directions of E and the cell major axis is small (up to 30º)<br>Mestrado<br>Engenharia Biomedica<br>Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Books on the topic "Electromagnetic (EM) fields"

1

Kogure, Hiroaki. Introduction to RF design using EM simulators. Artech House, 2010.

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Bensema, W. D. Handbook for operation and maintenance of an NBS multisensor automated EM field measurement system. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1986.

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Law, P. H. A hybrid asymptotic-modal analysis of the EM scattering by an open-ended S-shaped rectangular waveguide cavity. Ohio State Uniersity, ElectroScience Laboratory, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, 1989.

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Law, P. H. A hybrid asymptotic-modal analysis of the EM scattering by an open-ended S-shaped rectangular waveguide cavity. Ohio State Uniersity, ElectroScience Laboratory, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, 1989.

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Jung, B. H. Time and frequency domain solutions of EM problems: Using integral equations and a hybrid methodology. IEEE Press, 2010.

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Zhang, Y., and T. K. Sarkar. Parallel Solution of Integral Equation-Based EM Problems in the Frequency Domain. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2009.

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Zhang, Y., and T. K. Sarkar. Parallel Solution of Integral Equation-Based EM Problems in the Frequency Domain. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2009.

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Gustrau, Frank, and Dirk Manteuffel. EM Modeling of Antennas and RF Components for Wireless Communication Systems. Springer, 2010.

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Gustrau, Frank, and Dirk Manteuffel. EM Modeling of Antennas and RF Components for Wireless Communication Systems (Signals and Communication Technology). Springer, 2006.

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Zhang, Y., Kai Chang, B. H. Jung, T. K. Sarkar, and Z. Ji. Time and Frequency Domain Solutions of EM Problems: Using Integral Equations and a Hybrid Methodology. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Electromagnetic (EM) fields"

1

Pantinakis, A., N. Skamnakis, C. Caruso, et al. "EM Field Computations and Measurements." In Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06079-7_4.

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Babin, Anatoli, and Alexander Figotin. "Lagrangian Field Formalism for Charges Interacting with EM Fields." In Neoclassical Theory of Electromagnetic Interactions. Springer London, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7284-0_11.

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Gill, Andrew B., Ian Gloyne-Philips, Joel Kimber, and Peter Sigray. "Marine Renewable Energy, Electromagnetic (EM) Fields and EM-Sensitive Animals." In Marine Renewable Energy Technology and Environmental Interactions. Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8002-5_6.

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Gandhi, O. P., and J. Y. Chen. "Millimeter-Resolution Dosimetry for EM Fields from Mobile Telephones and Power Lines." In Biological Effects of Magnetic and Electromagnetic Fields. Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-585-31661-1_10.

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Chiabrera, A., B. Bianco, S. Giordano, S. Bruna, E. Moggia, and J. J. Kaufman. "Ligand Binding under RF EM Exposure." In Radio Frequency Radiation Dosimetry and Its Relationship to the Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4191-8_47.

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Goodman, Reba, and Ann S. Henderson. "Patterns of Transcription and Translation in Cells Exposed to EM Fields: A Review." In Mechanistic Approaches to Interactions of Electric and Electromagnetic Fields with Living Systems. Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1968-7_13.

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Chiabrera, Alessandro, and Bruno Bianco. "The Role of the Magnetic Field in the EM Interaction with Ligand Binding." In Mechanistic Approaches to Interactions of Electric and Electromagnetic Fields with Living Systems. Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1968-7_5.

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Galonja, Tamara, Slavka Gajin, Zorica Svircev, Violeta Trivunovic, Neda Pekaric-Nadj, and Ilija Arsenic. "The Influence of Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Electromagnetic (EM) Fields on Freshwater Bacterioplankton Communities." In Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine. Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4867-6_120.

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Takabe, Hideaki. "Basic Properties of Plasma in Fluid Model." In Springer Series in Plasma Science and Technology. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45473-8_2.

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AbstractIf the spatial variation of plasma is longer than the particle mean free path and the time variation is sufficiently longer than the plasma Coulomb collision time, the plasma can be approximated as being in local thermal equilibrium (LTE) at any point (t, r). Then the velocity distribution functions of the particles become Maxwellian. In addition, assuming Maxwellian is also a good assumption in many cases even for collisionless plasmas such as high-temperature fusion plasmas. In the fluid model of plasmas, The plasmas can be described in terms of five variables characterizing local Maxwellian: the density n(t, r), flow velocity vector u(t,r), and temperature T(t, r). So, the mathematics used in fluid physics is widely applicable to studying plasma phenomena.Although conventional fluids are neutral, plasma fluids of electrons and ions couple with electromagnetic fields. It is, therefore, necessary to solve Maxwell’s equations simultaneously. It is also possible to approximate electrons and ions as two different fluids or as a single fluid in case-by-case. This requires an insight into what kind of physics is important in our problem.After reviewing the basic equation of fluids, several fluid models for plasmas are shown. Especially, a variety of waves appears because of charged particle fluids are derived to know why waves are fundamental to knowing the plasma dynamics. The mathematical method to obtain the wave solutions as an initial value problem is explained as well as the meaning of the resultant dispersion relations.Magneto-hydrodynamic equations (MHD) are derived to explain the effects of the Biermann battery, magnetic dynamo, etc. The relationship of magnetic field and vortex flow is studied. Resistive MHD is derived including the Nernst effect, which becomes important for the magnetic field in strong electron heat flux.Finally, electromagnetic (EM) waves in magnetized plasmas are derived to see how to use for diagnostics in the laboratory and observation of wide range of electromagnetic waves from the Universe.
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Russer, Peter, and Johannes A. Russer. "Some Remarks on the Transmission Line Matrix (TLM) Method and Its Application to Transient EM Fields and to EMC Problems." In Computational Electromagnetics—Retrospective and Outlook. Springer Singapore, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-095-7_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Electromagnetic (EM) fields"

1

Sonnemann, F. "Susceptibility Investigations of High-Power EM-Fields on Electronic Systems." In 15th International Zurich Symposium and Technical Exposition on Electromagnetic Compatibility. IEEE, 2003. https://doi.org/10.23919/emc.2003.10806342.

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Bitz, A., M. Alaydrus, J. Streckert, and V. W. Hansen. "SAR Calculation Inside Human Body Exposed To Radiated EM Fields Of Multi-Band Base Station Antennas." In 1992 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility. IEEE, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1109/isemc.2002.10792203.

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Bertotto, P., G. Cerri, P. Russo, A. Schiavoni, and G. Tribellini. "A MoM/FDTD Hybrid Method for the Evaluation of the EM Fields in Penetrable Objects." In 13th International Zurich Symposium and Technical Exhibition on Electromagnetic Compatibility. IEEE, 1999. https://doi.org/10.23919/emc.1999.10791697.

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Mishra, S. R., and S. C. Kashyap. "Measurement of EM Field Distribution in an Absorber-Lined Chamber." In 7th International Zurich Symposium and Technical Exhibition on Electromagnetic Compatibility. IEEE, 1987. https://doi.org/10.23919/emc.1987.10779051.

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Tesche, F. M. "Principles and Applications of EM Field Coupling to Transmission Lines." In 11th International Zurich Symposium and Technical Exhibition on Electromagnetic Compatibility. IEEE, 1995. https://doi.org/10.23919/emc.1995.10784200.

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Guo, Guangbin, Rongshen Zhan, Lixin Guo, and Rui Wang. "A Range-Doppler Map Simulation Method Based on Near-Field Electromagnetic Scattering Algorithm." In 2024 14th International Symposium on Antennas, Propagation and EM Theory (ISAPE). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/isape62431.2024.10841296.

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Sukpreecha, Kitiphon, Titipong Lertwiriyaprapa, Danai Torrungrueng, Suramate Chalermwisutkul, and Kittisak Phaebua. "Electromagnetic (EM) Spherical Near-Field Interpolation Using Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) techniques." In 2024 Research, Invention, and Innovation Congress: Innovative Electricals and Electronics (RI2C). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ri2c64012.2024.10784423.

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Glimm, J., K. Münter, R. Pape, Th Schrader, and M. Spitzer. "The New National Standard of EM Field Strength; Realization and Dissemination." In 12th International Zurich Symposium and Technical Exhibition on Electromagnetic Compatibility. IEEE, 1997. https://doi.org/10.23919/emc.1997.10784130.

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Liu, Jiale, Haiying Li, Caipin Li, and Tao Wu. "Amplitude-Phase Measurements of Near-Field Scattering of Vortex Electromagnetic Wave by Regular Targets." In 2024 14th International Symposium on Antennas, Propagation and EM Theory (ISAPE). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/isape62431.2024.10840525.

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Christiansen, Joel T., Jeremy A. Walraven, Flora A. Coleman, Edmund H. Smith, and Edward I. Cole. "Heterogeneous Integrated Failure Analysis Using Radio Frequency Signal Detection/Injection with Power Spectrum Analysis." In ISTFA 2024. ASM International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2024p0501.

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Abstract The rise of 2.5D and 3D heterogeneous integrated devices presents unique challenges for failure analysis, as traditional 2D analysis techniques prove inadequate due to chip stacking, layer interconnects, die obscuration, and limited access to test points. While various non-destructive techniques—including 3D X-ray imaging, lock-in thermography, magnetic field imaging, and optical beam methods—offer partial solutions, each has specific limitations. We present a novel defect localization approach using radio frequency electromagnetic (EM) emanations, implemented in two ways: detecting EM signals emitted by the device under controlled input conditions, or measuring induced voltage responses to signals injected via a scanning antenna. The technique employs scanning magnetic or electric field antennas to generate 2D or 3D electromagnetic maps revealing current and electric continuity patterns, enabling detection of shorts (additional current paths) or opens (blocked current paths). By incorporating power spectrum analysis (PSA) at each scan point, our method—designated as EM antenna PSA (EMAPSA) or EM injection PSA (EMIPSA)—provides comprehensive defect detection capabilities for 3D heterogeneous integration failure analysis.
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