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Journal articles on the topic 'Electromagnetic wave polarization'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Tereshchenko, E. D., R. Y. Yurik, and L. Baddeley. "Stimulated electromagnetic emission polarization under different polarizations of pump waves." Annales Geophysicae 33, no. 3 (March 5, 2015): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-295-2015.

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Abstract. The results of investigations into the stimulated electromagnetic emission (SEE) polarization under different modes of the pump wave polarization are presented. The present results were obtained in November 2012 during a heating campaign utilizing the SPEAR (Space Plasma Exploration by Active Radar) heating facility, transmitting in both O- and X-mode polarization, and a PGI (Polar Geophysical Institute) radio interferometer capable of recording the polarization of the received radiation. The polarization ellipse parameters of the SEE DM (downshifted maximum) components were determined under both O-mode and X-mode polarization of the pump waves. The polarization direction of the SEE DM component was preserved under different polarizations of the pump waves. Different polarizations of the pump waves have a different SEE generation efficiency. The intensity of the DM component is observed to be greater during O-mode pumping. In addition, the numbers of observed SEE features are also greater during O-mode pumping.

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2

Tleukenov, S. K., K. N. Balabekov, and Z. K. Zhalgasbekova. "Laws of reflection and refraction of TE and TM polarization waves on the border of rhombic crystals." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. "Physics" Series 97, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2020ph1/70-81.

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The article analytically solves the problem of reflection and refraction of electromagnetic plane waves of different polarization at the boundary of anisotropic half-spaces of rhombic symmetry. Based on the matrix method, the angles of refraction of electromagnetic waves of different polarization, the amplitudes of the reflected and refracted waves, the angles that determine the direction of the group velocities and vectors of the flow of electromagnetic energy, the magnitudes of the flows of electromagnetic energy and their components depending on the direction of the wave vector of the incident wave are determined. The determination of the angles of total internal reflection and the refractive index of electromagnetic waves of different polarization is considered. A significantly different dependence of the kinematic and energy characteristics of electromagnetic waves of different polarization on the anisotropy of the magnetic and dielectric tensors is shown. For electromagnetic waves, the polarization of which is determined by the component of the electric tension vector perpendicular to the wave propagation plane (TE wave), the characteristics of the reflected and refracted waves, the velocity indicatrix, the propagation angles, etc. determined primarily by the components of the magnetic permeability tensor. In the case of electromagnetic waves, when the polarization is determined by the component of the magnetic field (TM wave), perpendicular to the plane of wave propagation, all characteristics depend mainly on the components of the dielectric constant. The validity of the Fresnel formulas for determining the coefficients of reflected and refracted waves at the boundary of anisotropic media of rhombic symmetry is shown. However, in this case, the components of the wave vectors included in the Fresnel formulas are determined by their indicatrices. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the dependence of these components on the angle of refraction in the second medium

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3

Carozzi, T., R. Karlsson, and J. Bergman. "Parameters characterizing electromagnetic wave polarization." Physical Review E 61, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 2024–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.61.2024.

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4

Tsuchiya, Masahiro, and Takahiro Shiozawa. "Polarization states imaging of electromagnetic wave." Applied Physics Express 7, no. 6 (May 13, 2014): 062501. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/apex.7.062501.

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5

Hacyan, Shahen. "Effects of gravitational waves on the polarization of pulsars." International Journal of Modern Physics A 31, no. 02n03 (January 20, 2016): 1641023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x16410232.

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The polarization of electromagnetic waves in the presence of a gravitational wave is analyzed. The rotation of the polarization angle and the Stokes parameters are deduced. A possible application to the detection of stochastic background of gravitational waves is proposed as a complement to the pulsar timing method.

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6

Yoshida, Z. "Helicity waves propagating in a plasma." Journal of Plasma Physics 45, no. 3 (June 1991): 481–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800015841.

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There exist plasma waves that transport helicity although they do not propagate electromagnetic energy. The dispersion relations of such helicity waves are studied. The electric field of the waves is parallel to the perturbed magnetic field, and both are perpendicular to the perturbed current. In cross-field propagation, a helicity wave is decomposed into two transverse modes with different polarizations and a longitudinal part. The helicity waves are principally Alfvénic in the low-frequency limit. At high frequencies, the Faraday effect comes into the polarization.

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7

Arora, B. R., P. B. V. Subba Rao, N. B. Trivedi, A. L. Padilha, and I. Vitorello. "Appraisal of electromagnetic induction effects on magnetic pulsation studies." Annales Geophysicae 19, no. 2 (February 28, 2001): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-19-171-2001.

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Abstract. The quantification of wave polarization characteristics of ULF waves from the geomagnetic field variations is done under ‘a priori’ assumption that fields of internal induced currents are in-phase with the external inducing fields. Such approximation is invalidated in the regions marked by large lateral conductivity variations that perturb the flow pattern of induced currents. The amplitude and phase changes that these perturbations produce, in the resultant fields at the Earth’s surface, make determination of polarization and phase of the oscillating external signals problematic. In this paper, with the help of a classical Pc5 magnetic pulsation event of 24 March 1991, recorded by dense network of magnetometers in the equatorial belt of Brazil, we document the nature and extent of the possible influence of anomalous induction effects in the wave polarization of ULF waves. The presence of anomalous induction effects at selected sites lead to an over estimation of the equatorial enhancement at pulsation period and also suggest changes in the azimuth of ULF waves as they propagate through the equatorial electrojet. Through numerical calculations, it is shown that anomalous horizontal fields, that result from induction in the lateral conductivity distribution in the study region, vary in magnitude and phase with the polarization of external source field. Essentially, the induction response is also a function of the period of external inducing source field. It is further shown that when anomalous induction fields corresponding to the magnitude and polarization of the 24 March 1991 pulsation event are eliminated from observed fields, corrected amplitude in the X and Y horizontal components allows for true characterisation of ULF wave parameters.Key words. Geomagnetism and paleomagnetism (geomagnetic induction) – Ionosphere (equatorial ionosphere) – Magnetospheric physics (magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions)

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8

Ji, Yanju, Xiangdong Meng, Jingya Shao, Yanqi Wu, and Qiong Wu. "The Generalized Skin Depth for Polarized Porous Media Based on the Cole–Cole Model." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 21, 2020): 1456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041456.

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In the field of frequency-domain electromagnetic detection, skin depth is an important parameter for electromagnetic data interpretation and imaging. The classic skin depth formula is calculated based only on conductivity; the induced-polarization effect in real earth is not considered, so the imaging results have obvious errors. To solve these problems, based on plane wave theory and the Cole–Cole conductivity model, a generalized skin depth formula of polarized media is derived in the frequency domain. The accuracy of the generalized skin depth is verified through comparison with the classical skin depth. To show the practicability of this study, the theoretical data with induced polarization (IP) effects are used to explain the generalized skin depth for polarized porous media. The generalized skin depth calculation for a typical porous polarization model is related not only to conductivity, but also to polarization parameters, such as chargeability, characteristic time constant, and frequency dependence. At low-frequency excitation, the generalized skin depth formula can be used to calculate the propagation depth of electromagnetic waves relatively accurately for porous polarized media. This method can be applied to the calculation of electromagnetic wave propagation depths in complex dispersive media. Compared with non-polarized media, in porous polarized media, under low-frequency excitation, the electromagnetic wave propagates deeper, allowing the detection of deeper objects. The data interpretation and imaging of polarized porous media by the generalized skin depth formula have higher accuracy.

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9

Han, Bo Wen, Si Jia Li, Xiang Yu Cao, and Jun Gao. "Design of Transmission Polarization Metasurface Converter." Materials Science Forum 1035 (June 22, 2021): 718–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1035.718.

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The transmission polarization metasurface converter is an effective method to realize the polarization manipulation of the transmission waves, and it is also the research hotspot of metasurfaces. A new broadband transmissive polarization converter was proposed based on the metasurfaces converted incident linearly polarized waves into circularly polarized waves of transmission. The top and bottom layers of the unit were axisymmetric metal patches. The top and bottom layers of metal patches were overlapped and the shape was like an arrow. The thickness of the substrate was 4mm. The polarization conversion mechanism of metasurface was illustrated by parameter optimization and current analysis. The simulation results show that when the metasurface works in the frequency band of 6.71GHz~8.45GHz, the linearly polarized incident wave can be converted into a circularly polarized transmitted wave with axial ratio less than 3dB, and the relative bandwidth can reach 23%. The designed polarization converter has a simple structure and the potential application value in electromagnetic wave control of radio frequency devices.

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10

MIRZANEJHAD, SAEED, FARSHAD SOHBATZADEH, and ZAHRA HEIDARI. "Instability of electromagnetic waves with radial polarization in a rotating relativistic electron beam guided by ion channel." Journal of Plasma Physics 78, no. 1 (July 21, 2011): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377811000304.

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AbstractDispersion characteristics of electromagnetic waves with radial and azimuthal polarization in a rotating relativistic electron beam guided by an ion channel are investigated. Ion-channel electrostatic field and self-fields of relativistic electron beam were included in the formalism. It is shown that the wave with radial polarization is unstable in two regions due to coupling with fast space charge wave. The behaviors of the instability magnitude and spread are analyzed as a function of equilibrium parameters. The introduced instability can be used for amplification and production of high-intensity laser pulse with radial polarization.

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11

OKAMURA, Sogo, and Tomohiro OGUCHI. "Electromagnetic wave propagation in rain and polarization effects." Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B 86, no. 6 (2010): 539–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2183/pjab.86.539.

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12

Narita, Yasuhito. "Review article: Wave analysis methods for space plasma experiment." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 24, no. 2 (May 12, 2017): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-24-203-2017.

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Abstract. A review of analysis methods is given on quasi-monochromatic waves, turbulent fluctuations, and wave–wave and wave–particle interactions for single-spacecraft data in situ in near-Earth space and interplanetary space, in particular using magnetic field and electric field data. Energy spectra for different components of the fluctuating fields, minimum variance analysis, propagation and polarization properties of electromagnetic waves, wave distribution function, helicity quantities, higher-order statistics, and detection methods for wave–particle interactions are explained.

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13

Marquis, E., and J. Teichmann. "Side-band instabilities of a steady finite-amplitude whistler wave in a collisionless plasma." Canadian Journal of Physics 65, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p87-028.

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The stability of a steady finite-amplitude whistler wave penetrating a collisionless, unbounded, homogeneous plasma is studied. The supporting wave as well as the excited side-band waves are assumed to propagate parallel to an uniform magnetostatic field B0. For a general form of the distribution function of trapped electrons, the growth (damping) rates of side-band modes are calculated.It is shown that a particular distribution of trapped electrons gives rise to strongly unstable side-band electromagnetic modes having right-hand polarization. The spectrum of unstable electrostatic and electromagnetic satellite waves is analyzed.

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14

DAS, PRASANTA, PANKAJ JAIN, and SUDIPTA MUKHERJI. "COSMIC BIREFRINGENCE WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF HETEROTIC STRING THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 16, no. 24 (September 30, 2001): 4011–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x01004840.

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Low energy string theory predicts the existence of an axion field which can lead to cosmic birefringence. We solve the electromagnetic wave equations in the presence of such an axion and a dilaton field in order to determine their effect on the polarization of light. We find that the presence of dilaton field leads to a nontrivial modification of the final result. We comment on the possibility of discovering such an effect by observations of radio wave polarizations from distant radio galaxies and quasars. We have also determined the limits on the string theory parameters that are imposed by the current radio polarization data.

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15

Kruglov, S. I. "Equation for a Composite Scalar Particle in (2+1)-D and its Solutions." Modern Physics Letters A 12, no. 23 (July 30, 1997): 1699–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732397001734.

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A model of a scalar particle in (2+1)-dimensional space with an internal structure in external electromagnetic fields is considered. Exact solutions of the equation for such scalar particle were obtained in the field of a plane electromagnetic wave with the arbitrary polarization and in the quantized electromagnetic field of the linearly polarized wave. The relativistic coherent states of the particle in the field of n photons were constructed. When the photon number goes to infinity, this wave function transforms to the solution corresponding to the external classical electromagnetic wave.

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16

Kruglov, S. I. "Exact solutions of the equation for composite scalar particles in quantized electromagnetic waves." Canadian Journal of Physics 81, no. 7 (July 1, 2003): 953–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p03-079.

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An equation is considered for a composite scalar particle with polarizabilities in an external quantized electromagnetic plane wave. This equation is reduced to a system of equations for an infinite number of interacting oscillators. After diagonalization, we come to equations for free oscillators. As a result, exact solutions of the equation for a particle are found in a plane-quantized electromagnetic wave of arbitrary polarization. As a particular case, the solution for monochromatic electromagnetic waves is considered. The relativistic coherent states of a particle are constructed using the Poisson distribution of photon numbers. In the limit, when the average photon number [Formula: see text] and the volume V of the quantization tend to infinity (but the photon density [Formula: see text] /V remains constant), the wave function converts to the solution corresponding to the external classical electromagnetic wave. PACS Nos.: 14.40.Aq, 13.40.Ks, 13.40.-f

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17

Viñas, Adolfo F., and Melvyn L. Goldstein. "Parametric instabilities of circularly polarized large-amplitude dispersive Alfvén waves: excitation of parallel-propagating electromagnetic daughter waves." Journal of Plasma Physics 46, no. 1 (August 1991): 107–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800015981.

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We investigate the parametric decay and modulational instabilities of a large-amplitude circularly polarized dispersive Alfvén wave. Our treatment is more general than that of previous derivations based on the two-fluid equations in that we allow for propagation of the unstable daughter waves at arbitrary angles to the background magnetic field, although our main concern in this paper is the exploration of new aspects of propagation parallel to the DC magnetic field. In addition to the well-known coupling of pump waves to electrostatic daughter waves, we find a new parametric channel where the pump wave couples directly to electromagnetic daughter waves. Excitation of the electromagnetic instability occurs only for modulation (k/k0 ≤ 1) and not for decay (k/k0 < 1). In contrast with the modulational instability excited by the electrostatic coupling, the electromagnetic modulational instability exists for both left-hand (K > 0) and right-hand (K < 0) polarization. For large k/k0, the electromagnetic channel dominates, while at lower values the electrostatic channel has a larger growth rate for modest values of dispersion, pump-wave amplitude and plasma β. Unlike the electrostatic modulational instability, the growth rate of the electromagnetic instability increases monotonically with increasing pump wave amplitude. This analysis confirms that, for decay, the dominant process is coupling to electrostatic daughter waves, at least for parallel propagation. For modulation, the coupling to electromagnetic daughter waves usually dominates, suggesting that the parametric modulational instability is really an electromagnetic phenomenon.

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18

Liu, Xingpeng, Dandan Yan, and Kama Huang. "Temporal reflection of electromagnetic waves in simple polar-molecule reactions." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 38, no. 6 (October 24, 2019): 1964–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-09-2018-0346.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the temporal reflection of electromagnetic waves (EMWs) in simple polar-molecule reactions whose polarization changes with the proceeding of the reactions. Design/methodology/approach At a temporal boundary, based on the continuity of the electric displacement and magnetic induction, the reflected condition of EMWs is obtained, and the expression of the transmission and reflection coefficients in the reactions is derived. Subsequently, a one-dimensional model is used to validate the reflected condition and expression. Findings If the time scale of the component concentration variation is greater than the wave period, the polarization of the reactions at a temporal boundary is continuous. The reflection does not happen. On the other hand, when the time scale of the component concentration variation is smaller than the wave period, the polarization is not continuous at a temporal boundary. The impedance of the reactions at the temporal boundary changes and the reflection occurs. Originality/value The results may be helpful in disclosing the non-uniform distribution of EMWs in chemical reactions.

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19

Lundin, B., and C. Krafft. "Ion sense of polarization of the electromagnetic wave field in the electron whistler frequency band." Annales Geophysicae 20, no. 8 (August 31, 2002): 1153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-20-1153-2002.

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Abstract. It is shown that the left-hand (or ion-type) sense of polarization can appear in the field interference pattern of two plane electron whistler waves. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the ion-type polarized wave electric fields can be accompanied by the presence at the same observation point of electron-type polarized wave magnetic fields. The registration of ion-type polarized fields with frequencies between the highest ion gyrofrequency and the electron gyrofrequency in a cold, overdense plasma is a sufficient indication for the existence of an interference wave pattern, which can typically occur near artificial or natural reflecting magnetospheric plasma regions, inside waveguides (as in helicon discharges, for example), in fields resonantly emitted by beams of charged particles or, in principle, in some self-sustained, nonlinear wave field structures. A comparison with the conventional spectral matrix data processing approach is also presented in order to facilitate the calculations of the analyzed polarization parameters.Key words. Ionosphere (wave propagation) Radio science (waves in plasma) Space plasma physics (general or miscellaneous)

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20

Lv, Hualiang, Yuhang Guo, Guanglei Wu, Guangbin Ji, Yue Zhao, and Zhichuan J. Xu. "Interface Polarization Strategy to Solve Electromagnetic Wave Interference Issue." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 9, no. 6 (February 2, 2017): 5660–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b16223.

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21

Borcea, Liliana, and Josselin Garnier. "Polarization effects for electromagnetic wave propagation in random media." Wave Motion 63 (June 2016): 179–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wavemoti.2016.02.006.

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22

Fu, Yunqi, and Naichang Yuan. "Surface-wave bandgap of polarization dependent electromagnetic bandgap structures." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 49, no. 4 (2007): 946–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.22321.

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23

Liu, Fen, Jingping Xu, and Yaping Yang. "Polarization conversion of reflected electromagnetic wave from topological insulator." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 31, no. 4 (March 7, 2014): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.31.000735.

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24

Quan, Bin, Xiaohui Liang, Guangbin Ji, Yan Cheng, Wei Liu, Jianna Ma, Yanan Zhang, Daoran Li, and Guoyue Xu. "Dielectric polarization in electromagnetic wave absorption: Review and perspective." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 728 (December 2017): 1065–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.09.082.

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25

Xing, Honglong, Qingping Liu, Ligang Zhang, Ye Liu, and Mingqiang Hu. "One-Pot Hydrothermal Synthesis of MWCNT/ZrO2 Composites for Enhancing Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Performance." Nano 15, no. 03 (March 2020): 2050034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292020500344.

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Electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption materials have drawn a lot of attention because they can effectively reduce EM wave pollution from electronic equipment. In this work, we combined ZrO2 nanoparticles with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and explored applications of MWCNT/ZrO2 composites in EM wave absorbing field. ZrO2 nanoparticles with a high crystalline were synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method. Adding MWCNTs in this hydrothermal process, ZrO2 nanoparticles aggregated together to form uneven lumps and wraps on MWCNTs surfaces. MWCNTs improved the conductivity loss and electron polarization capability of composites. The minimum reflection loss (RL) of MWCNT/ZrO2 composites reached [Formula: see text]39.73 dB at a thickness of 2[Formula: see text]mm. Such excellent EM wave absorption properties are attributed to the dielectric loss, dipole polarizations and interfacial polarizations. This composite can be a promising candidate as high efficiency EM wave absorption material and used for commercial production because of the simple synthesis methods.

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26

Denton, Richard E., Brian J. Anderson, George Ho, and Douglas C. Hamilton. "Effects of wave superposition on the polarization of electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves." Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 101, A11 (November 1, 1996): 24869–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96ja02251.

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27

Prudêncio, Thiago, and Humberto Belich. "Nonorthogonality andκ-Dependence Eccentricity of Polarized Electromagnetic Waves in CPT-Even Lorentz Violation." Advances in High Energy Physics 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3050724.

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We discuss the modified Maxwell action of aKF-type Lorentz symmetry breaking theory and present a solution of Maxwell equations derived in the cases of linear and elliptically polarized electromagnetic waves in the vacuum of CPT-even Lorentz violation. We show in this case that the Lorentz violation has the effect of changing the amplitude of one component of the magnetic field, while leaving the electric field unchanged, leading to nonorthogonal propagation of electromagnetic fields and dependence of the eccentricity onκ-term. Further, we exhibit numerically the consequences of this effect in the cases of linear and elliptical polarization, in particular, the regimes of nonorthogonality of the electromagnetic wave fields and the eccentricity of the elliptical polarization of the magnetic field with dependence on theκ-term.

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Wu, Han, Shijun Ji, Ji Zhao, Zhiyou Luo, and Handa Dai. "Design and Analysis of a Triple-band Non-zonal Polarization Electromagnetic Metamaterial Absorber." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 36, no. 6 (August 6, 2021): 697–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.360611.

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A facile design of a novel triple-band electromagnetic metamaterial absorber (MMA) with polarization insensitive property is proposed in this paper. Each unit of the MMA consists of upper copper resonator and bottom copper plate with middle dielectric FR-4 between them. The MMA performs three absorption peaks at 16.919 GHz, 21.084 GHz and 25.266 GHz with absorption rates 99.90%, 97.76% and 99.18%, respectively. The influence of the main structural parameters on the frequencies and absorption rates is analyzed. The absorption mechanism of the absorber is explained by electric field, magnetic field and surface current distributions, which is supported by the electromagnetic parameters, affected with magnetic resonance. The polarization-insensitivity of TE wave is verified by observing the effects of the polarization angle change from 0-90º. The MMA can be applied in radiation, spectrum imaging detector, electromagnetic wave modulator, and so on.

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Микоїд, Г. В., and В. Х. Корбан. "ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ КОНТРОЛЮ ЦИРКУЛЯЦІЙНОГО МАСТИЛА ВИСОКООБЕРТОВОГО ДИЗЕЛЯ СПОСОБОМ ПОЛЯРИЗАЦІЇ." Ship power plant 41 (November 5, 2020): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31653/smf341.2020.71-77.

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ABSTRACT The analysis of the possibility of improving the quality of control of circulating oil of high-speed diesel by polarization is carried out. Remote quality control of circulating oil is based on irradiation of the oil surface with an electromagnetic wave of linear polarization and reception of the reflected wave of vertical or horizontal polarization. Based on the result of measuring the reflected power, a decision is made regarding the internal structure of the oil to which this signal corresponds, by comparing its value with the criterion value for the quality structure of the oil. Keywords: circulating oil, high-speed diesel, dielectric constant of oil, emitted and reflected waves, criterion value.

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Kim, S. H. "Corrigendum." Journal of Plasma Physics 41, no. 3 (June 1989): 577–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800014112.

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A longitudinal undulating electric field in the lasing electron beam direction (or the longitudinal direction) and an electromagnetic wave propagating in the longitudinal direction (laser wave) drive a current that cannot be in the longitudinal direction. Thus this current can emit an electromagnetic wave having the same wave vector and polarization vector as those of the incident electromagnetic wave. This process is called stimulated bremsstrahlung in the longitudinal electric wiggler. Because of recent strong interest in this free electron lasing mechanism, it is appropriate to correct errors in numerical factors in the gain formula and equations in our paper.

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Mangi, Farman Ali, Shaoqiu Xiao, Ghulam Ali Mallah, Ghulam Fatima Kakepoto, and Imran Memon. "Fission Transmission Linear-to-Circular Polarization Conversion Based on Compact Bi-Layer structure." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v3.i3.pp519-526.

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<p>A fission transmission linear-to-circular polarization conversion based on bi-layer structure is proposed which is composed of 3 × 3 array to convert linear-to-circular polarized wave. The structure is constructed by half square with “H” shape printed on both sides of the dielectric substrate that are subjected to obtain multi-band at resonance frequencies. The proposed structure realizes the giant circular polarization under the normal incidence for right and left circular polarized waves. After transmission, the incident wave decomposed into two orthogonal linear components have equal magnitudes and 90o phase difference between them. The novel approach of “fission transmission of electromagnetic waves” is firstly introduced to understand the physics of giant circular polarization conversion which is based on the sequence of incident and transmitted waves to generate strong circular dichroism.</p>

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32

JI, PEIYONG, HUA ZHOU, and H. Q. LU. "GRAVITATIONAL FARADAY EFFECT INDUCED BY HIGH-POWER LASERS." Modern Physics Letters A 20, no. 08 (March 14, 2005): 597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732305016154.

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Gravitational field produced by high-power laser is calculated according to the linearized Einstein field equation in weak field approximation. Gravitational Faraday effect of electromagnetic wave propagating in the above gravitational field is studied and the rotation angle of polarization plane of electromagnetic wave is derived. The result is discussed and estimated in the condition of present experimental facility.

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Moiseeva, Natalja. "Cross-polarization of electromagnetic waves reflected by anisotropic gradient planar structures." ITM Web of Conferences 30 (2019): 12017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20193012017.

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The results of calculating the moduli of the coefficients of the electromagnetic wave reflection matrix (EMW) at the boundary of an inhomogeneous anisotropic medium with torsion using the matrix form of the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) method are presented. The effect of the orientation of the optical axis and the torsion angle on the polarization of the waves propagating in the medium and on the off-diagonal coefficients of the reflection matrix is shown.

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Wei, Dong-Dong, Xin-He Meng, and Bin Wang. "Electrodynamics effects on colliding gravitational waves background." Modern Physics Letters A 35, no. 18 (April 28, 2020): 2050150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732320501503.

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The degenerate Ferrari-Ibanez solution describes the collision of plane gravitational waves with aligned linear polarization, within the interaction region, the solution is Schwarzschild-like metric, which impels us to be more interesting to analyze the collision process. In this paper, we have considered the electrodynamics effects on the colliding gravitational waves background. Moreover, we have calculated explicitly out the solutions of the electromagnetic waves produced by the plane gravitational wave and the colliding region of plane gravitational waves perturbing a weak magnetic field background. We also work out the solutions of these electromagnetic waves after crossing out a weak magnetic field background.

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35

Gradoni, Gabriele, Johannes Russer, Mohd Hafiz Baharuddin, Michael Haider, Peter Russer, Christopher Smartt, Stephen C. Creagh, Gregor Tanner, and David W. P. Thomas. "Stochastic electromagnetic field propagation— measurement and modelling." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376, no. 2134 (October 29, 2018): 20170455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0455.

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This paper reviews recent progress in the measurement and modelling of stochastic electromagnetic fields, focusing on propagation approaches based on Wigner functions and the method of moments technique. The respective propagation methods are exemplified by application to measurements of electromagnetic emissions from a stirred, cavity-backed aperture. We discuss early elements of statistical electromagnetics in Heaviside's papers, driven mainly by an analogy of electromagnetic wave propagation with heat transfer. These ideas include concepts of momentum and directionality in the realm of propagation through confined media with irregular boundaries. We then review and extend concepts using Wigner functions to propagate the statistical properties of electromagnetic fields. We discuss in particular how to include polarization in this formalism leading to a Wigner tensor formulation and a relation to an averaged Poynting vector. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Celebrating 125 years of Oliver Heaviside's ‘Electromagnetic Theory’’.

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Song, Kun, Ruonan Ji, Duman Shrestha, Changlin Ding, Yahong Liu, Weiren Zhu, Wentao He, et al. "High-Efficiency and Wide-Angle Versatile Polarization Controller Based on Metagratings." Materials 12, no. 4 (February 19, 2019): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12040623.

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Metamaterials with their customized properties enable us to efficiently manipulate the polarization states of electromagnetic waves with flexible approaches, which is of great significance in various realms. However, most current metamaterial-based polarization controllers can only realize single function, which has extremely hindered the expansion of their applications. Here, we experimentally demonstrate highly efficient and multifunctional polarization conversion effects using metagrating by integrating single-structure metallic meta-atoms into the dielectric gratings. Benefiting from the combined advantages of the gratings and the metamaterials, the considered metagrating can operate in transmission and reflection modes simultaneously, acting as a high-performance and wide-angle quarter-wave or half-wave plate with distinct functions in different frequency bands. This metagrating structure is scalable to other frequency ranges and may provide opportunities to design compact multifunctional optical polarization control devices.

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37

Yang, Xingchen, Chaohai Du, Ziwen Zhang, Juanfeng Zhu, Tiejun Huang, and Pukun Liu. "Linearly Polarized High-Purity Gaussian Beam Shaping and Coupling for 330 GHz/500 MHz DNP-NMR Application." Electronics 10, no. 13 (June 22, 2021): 1508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10131508.

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Terahertz waves generated by vacuum electron devices have been successfully applied in dynamic nuclear polarization enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance (DNP-NMR) technology to significantly enhance the sensitivity of high-field NMR. To reduce the magnetic field interference, the high-power terahertz wave source and the NMR spectrometer need to be separated by a few meters apart. Corrugated horns and directional couplers are key components for shaping high linearly polarized terahertz Gaussian beam and accurately coupling electromagnetic power in the transmission system. In this paper, a corrugated TE11-HE11 mode converter and a three-port directional coupler realized by its inner cylindrical wire array are proposed for a 330 GHz/500 MHz DNP-NMR system. The output mode of the mode converter presents a characteristic of highly linear polarization, which is 98.8% at 330 GHz for subsequent low loss transmission. The designed three-port directional coupler can produce approximately −33 dB electromagnetic wave power on port 3 in the frequency range between 300–360 GHz stably, which can be used to measure the electromagnetic wave power of the transmission line in real-time. The designed mode converter and direction coupler can be installed and replaced easily in the corrugated waveguide transmission system.

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38

Kasraian, Masoud, and S. R. Seshadri. "Control and conversion of the polarization of the electromagnetic wave." Journal of Applied Physics 71, no. 7 (April 1992): 3118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351007.

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39

Alaverdyan, S. A., I. N. Kabanov, V. V. Komarov, and V. P. Meshchanov. "Mathematical simulation of electromagnetic wave diffraction by grid polarization structures." Journal of Communications Technology and Electronics 59, no. 9 (August 31, 2014): 959–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1064226914070018.

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40

Rukhlenko, Ivan D., Chethiya Dissanayake, and Malin Premaratne. "Visualization of electromagnetic-wave polarization evolution using the Poincaré sphere." Optics Letters 35, no. 13 (June 24, 2010): 2221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.35.002221.

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41

Zeng, Gao-Jian, Shi-Lun Zhou, Sheng-Mei Ao, and Zhao-Yang Zeng. "Two-level atom in an electromagnetic wave of circular polarization." Physical Review A 55, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): 2945–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.55.2945.

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42

Kalin, Su, and Zhang Mingxia. "Two-level Atom in an Electromagnetic Wave of Circle Polarization." International Journal of Theoretical Physics 46, no. 8 (January 18, 2007): 2096–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10773-006-9330-x.

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43

Turakulov, Zafar Y., and Alisher T. Muminov. "Electromagnetic Field with Constraints and Papapetrou Equation." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 61, no. 3-4 (April 1, 2006): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2006-3-407.

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It is shown that a geometric optical description of the electromagnetic wave with respect to its polarization in a curved space-time can be obtained straightforwardly from the classical variational principle for the electromagnetic field. For this purpose the entire functional space of electromagnetic fields must be reduced to its subspace of locally plane monochromatic waves. We have formulated the constraints under which this can be achieved. These constraints introduce variables of another kind which specify a field of local frames associated with the wave. They contain some congruence with null-curves. The Lagrangian for constrained electromagnetic fields contains variables of two kinds, namely a congruence of null-curves and the field itself. This in turn yields two kinds of Euler- Lagrange equations. The equations of the first kind are trivial due to the constraints imposed. The variation of the curves yields the Papapetrou equations for a classical massless particle with helicity 1

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44

Liu, Zhe, Xing Rong, Xiuchen Wang, and Zhong Zhou. "Influence of hole on shielding effectiveness of electromagnetic shielding fabric under incident polarization wave." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 27, no. 5 (September 7, 2015): 612–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-02-2014-0024.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of hole on shielding effectiveness (SE) of electromagnetic shielding (EMS) fabric under incident polarization wave, and to propose a “Key Size” theory to explain the influence mechanism. Design/methodology/approach – “Key Size” parameters describing hole shape are established, and a number of representative samples with rectangular and oval holes are made. SE of the samples are tested by waveguide testing system. Influence of the hole on the SE of the samples is analyzed according to vertical or horizontal maximum size and polarization wave direction. Finally, the “Key Size theory” and “Secondary Size theory” are proposed to explain the influencing mechanism. Findings – The hole influences on the SE are related to the vertical and the horizontal maximum size of the holes and the direction of the polarization wave. As the direction of the polarization wave is vertical (or horizontal), greater maximum size results in lower SE. As the maximum size is constant, greater maximum size causes lower SE. As the maximum size reaches to a certain value, a dividing point of the SE occurs. As the direction of the polarization wave is consistent with the direction of the maximum size, same hole area results in same SE. Originality/value – The explored influences and mechanism provide an important guiding reference for the hole design of the EMS fabric, and can be applied to the holes design of the EMS garment, composite materials, and tents.

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45

Cooray, M. F. R., I. R. Ciric, and B. P. Sinha. "Electromagnetic scattering by a system of two parallel dielectric prolate spheroids." Canadian Journal of Physics 68, no. 4-5 (April 1, 1990): 376–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p90-060.

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An exact solution to the problem of scattering of a plane electromagnetic wave by two dielectric prolate spheroids with parallel major axes is obtained by expanding the incident, scattered, and transmitted electric and magnetic fields in terms of an appropriate set of vector spheroidal eigenfunctions. The incident wave is considered to be a monochromatic, uniform plane electromagnetic wave of arbitrary polarization and angle of incidence. The boundary conditions are imposed by expressing the electromagnetic field scattered by one spheroid in terms of the spheroidal coordinates attached to the other, using the translational addition theorems for vector spheroidal wave functions. The column matrix of the total transmitted and scattered field-expansion coefficients is equal to the product of a square matrix, which is independent of the direction and polarization of the incident wave, and the column matrix of the known incident field-expansion coefficients. The solution of the associated set of algebraic equations gives the unknown transmitted and scattered field-expansion coefficients. Even though the problem is formulated in general, the numerical results are presented for the bistatic and backscattering cross sections of two lossless prolate spheroids with various axial ratios and center-to-center distances.

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46

Abdullahi, M. B., and M. H. Ali. "DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE SIMULATION OF STRUCTURED MICROWAVE ABSORBER BASED ON CONDUCTIVE ABS 3D PRINTING FILAMENT." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 4, no. 4 (June 14, 2021): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2020-0404-499.

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Electromagnetic absorbing materials with broadband, lightweight, wide-angle, and polarization-insensitive characteristics attracts extensive research interest recently, due to rapid advancement in radar detection techniques and communication devices. Three-dimensional printing is being employed to realize cost-effective structured electromagnetic absorbers that has lately become a common practice of improving radar stealth performance and shielding effectiveness. Structured absorbers permit realization of desired absorption characteristics by careful design of their geometrical structures. In this study, a two-layer structured microwave absorber using conductive ABS polymer is simulated. COMSOL Multiphysics environment is used to investigate the absorption characteristics of the designed structure. Under normal incidence, simulation results revealed at least 90% of absorption from 7.2 GHz to 18.0 GHz for both Transverse Electric (TE) and Transverse Magnetic (TM) polarizations. Oblique incidence results for TE polarization indicate that the absorption rate is more than 90% in the whole range of 7.2–18 GHz frequency band up to 450 while the absorption rate is more than 80% for 600 incident waves. The absorption rate is more than 90% in the 7.2-18 GHz range for oblique incidences of up to 300 only for TM polarization, but greater than 70% at 450 incident angles. Additionally, the designed absorber is independent of the polarization of the incident wave. As a result of the exhibited favourable absorption characteristics, the studied absorber provides great potentials for its experimentation and practicability using the low-cost 3D printing manufacturing process

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47

Hirose, A. "Radiation pressure on a dielectric surface." Canadian Journal of Physics 88, no. 4 (April 2010): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p10-018.

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The radiation pressure on an insulating dielectric medium should be calculable from the force acting on the polarization vector P. The well-known force proposed by Gordon (Phys. Rev. A, 8, 14 (1973) disappears in the case of a steady-state plane wave. A new form of force explicitly involving the polarization vector is proposed and applied to determine the partition of the incident momentum among the reflected and transmitted wave, and the dielectric medium. The momentum of electromagnetic wave in a dielectric medium thus found is consistent with the classical relationship, wave momentum flux density = wave intensity/wave velocity.

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48

Zhang, Zhen Bin, and Bin Li. "Underwater Electromagnetic Sources 2-D DOA and Polarization Estimation." Advanced Materials Research 459 (January 2012): 529–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.459.529.

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With the development of ocean exploration and research, the precise estimation of underwater electromagnetic sources’ DOA and polarization has become an essential research topic. An electromagnetic vector sensor can measure all six electromagnetic field components of the incident wave field. Thus, it explores not only the DOA of the signal but also the polarization diversity which represents electromagnetic sources’ specific distribution. TLS-ESPRIT algorithm is based on rotation invariant of two signal subspaces. It utilizes a pair of temporally displace data sets collected form a single electromagnetic vector sensor. The parameter estimates are obtained through Poynting vector that is cross-product operation of each signal subspace eigenvector of the data correlation matrix. This method requires no priori knowledge of signal frequencies, suffers no frequency ambiguity, can resolve up to five uncorrelated monochromatic underwater sources. Simulations illustrated the efficiency of the algorithm.

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Verkhoglyadova, O. P., and B. T. Tsurutani. "Polarization properties of Gendrin mode waves observed in the Earth's magnetosphere: observations and theory." Annales Geophysicae 27, no. 12 (December 4, 2009): 4429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-4429-2009.

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Abstract. We show a case of an outer zone magnetospheric electromagnetic wave propagating at the Gendrin angle, within uncertainty of the measurements. The chorus event occurred in a "minimum B pocket". For the illustrated example, the measured angle of wave propagation relative to the ambient magnetic field θkB was 58°±4°. For this event the theoretical Gendrin angle was 62°. Cold plasma model is used to demonstrate that Gendrin mode waves are right-hand circularly polarized, in excellent agreement with the observations.

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M. Gajibo, M., M. K. A. Rahim, N. A. Murad, O. Ayop, B. D. Bala, and H. A. Majid. "X-band Operations Metamaterial Absorber with Extended Circular Ring Topology for Size Reduction." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 6, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i1.pp180-184.

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<p>A metamaterial electromagnetic wave absorber consisting of a big circular ring patch with four smaller suppression circular rings is presented in this report. The metamaterial electromagnetic wave absorber introduces the concept of size reduction by suppressing the resonance frequency. An FR4 substrate was used and the incidental wave angles were varied from 0<sup>0</sup> to 60<sup>0</sup>. Simulations results shows peak absorption of 100% was achieved at 10.7 GHz by the absorber for both TE and TM polarization incident waves. Minimum absorption for both TE and TM mode of 90.6% was achieved under TE mode. The metamaterial absorber was being tested with and Ultra-wide band antenna and the results were reported.</p>

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