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Journal articles on the topic 'Electromagnetic waves'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Hewitt, Paul. "ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES." Physics Teacher 56, no. 3 (March 2018): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.5025284.

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2

CREW, WM H. "ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 46, no. 1 (March 18, 2009): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1934.tb03796.x.

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3

Jones, Preston, and Douglas Singleton. "Interaction between gravitational radiation and electromagnetic radiation." International Journal of Modern Physics D 28, no. 06 (April 2019): 1930010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271819300106.

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In this review paper, we investigate the connection between gravity and electromagnetism from Faraday to the present day. The particular focus is on the connection between gravitational and electromagnetic radiation. We discuss electromagnetic radiation produced when a gravitational wave passes through a magnetic field. We then discuss the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with gravitational waves via Feynman diagrams of the process [Formula: see text]. Finally, we review recent work on the vacuum production of counterpart electromagnetic radiation by gravitational waves.
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4

Bender, Paul A. "Wooden electromagnetic waves." American Journal of Physics 53, no. 3 (March 1985): 279–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.14142.

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5

King, R. "Electromagnetic surface waves." IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Newsletter 28, no. 6 (1986): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/map.1986.27883.

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6

Budinsky, N., and A. A. Ungar. "Electromagnetic head waves." Computers & Mathematics with Applications 19, no. 5 (1990): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0898-1221(90)90100-x.

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7

Rojo, Marta, and Juan Muñoz. "“Hearing“ Electromagnetic Waves." Physics Teacher 52, no. 9 (December 2014): 554–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.4902203.

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8

VISINELLI, LUCA. "AXION-ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES." Modern Physics Letters A 28, no. 35 (October 30, 2013): 1350162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732313501629.

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We extend the duality symmetry between the electric and the magnetic fields to the case in which an additional axion-like term is present, and we derive the set of Maxwell equations that preserves this symmetry. This new set of equations allows for a gauge symmetry extending the ordinary symmetry in the classical electrodynamics. We obtain explicit solutions for the new set of equations in the absence of external sources, and we discuss the implications of a new internal symmetry between the axion field and the electromagnetic gauge potential.
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9

Gliekos, G. "Electromagnetic Waves [Books]." IEEE Spectrum 37, no. 4 (April 2000): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mspec.2000.833024.

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10

Khvorostenko, N. P. "Longitudinal electromagnetic waves." Soviet Physics Journal 35, no. 3 (March 1992): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00895771.

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11

Brown, David A. "Teaching acoustic and electromagnetic waves." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, no. 3_Supplement (March 1, 2024): A296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0027562.

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Students have observational experience with waves by speaking and hearing, seeing, and feeling but their use of mathematics may be delayed until introductory physics at middle school, high school, and/or college. Students following a university physics or engineering bachelor’s degree are usually required to take a course on electromagnetic wave theory because of the foundational science and/or applications such as communications and observation. Regrettably, it is common that a mathematical description of various wave propagations may be acquired but without a thorough understanding of the underlying physics – especially in electromagnetics. Thus, we have tried to develop an introductory graduate level course that teaches electromagnetics and optic waves and its applications on the foundation of first understanding acoustics. This serves as a preparation for research or vocation. Topics include traveling waves, standing waves, wave impedance, radiation patterns, interference, interferometry, sonar and radar, imaging, waveguides in more. Examples of introducing the mathematics of solution first and then derivations of wave equation is presented. The goal is that mathematics should be a useful language to communicate physical information and that acoustic demonstrations should reinforce learning in multiple physical modalities.
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12

Bramson, Brian. "Do electromagnetic waves harbour gravitational waves?" Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 462, no. 2071 (February 21, 2006): 1987–2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2006.1658.

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In linearized, Einstein–Maxwell theory on flat spacetime, an oscillating electric dipole is the source of a spin-2 field. Within this approximation to general relativity, it is shown that electromagnetic waves harbour gravitational waves.
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13

Tleukenov, S. K., M. K. Zhukenov, and N. A. Ispulov. "Propagation of electromagnetic waves in anisotropic magnetoelectric medium." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. "Physics" Series 94, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2019ph2/29-34.

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14

Baldwin, G. "Plane waves reversibility." Suplemento de la Revista Mexicana de Física 1, no. 3 (August 22, 2020): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31349/suplrevmexfis.1.3.41.

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This work simulates reversibility of plane waves in different ways. We start making theoretical classical reversing of a plane wave in two different ways exchanging t by –t as first step. In one case, we additionally flip the temporal orientation of the magnetic field. In the other case, we flip the electric field. Therefore, we can compare two classical approaches to time reversed electromagnetism on plane waves. On the other hand, we obtain two different mechanically reversed plane electromagnetic waves out of the frame of the electromagnetics reversibility theory. A theoretical experiment makes these effects, where, an infinite plane current generates two plane waves in opposite directions. After this, the waves are made to return by two different ways: (1) by retro reflecting and (2) by moving back the wave. Finally, the returning plane waves insides over a conductor plane in order to induce plane currents in the conductor. The goal is to complete reversibility cycles including the charges movement. The returning waves and the induced currents will be compared themselves in all the cases. Charges movements are also included in the discussion in order to have an additional felling of the waves reversibility and physical insight of time-reversed waves. It is used a plane waves theoretical experiment created by Feynman as a starting point [1]
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15

Pang, Xudong, Qun Chen, Beibei Cao, and Shouzheng Zhu. "Loss Analysis of the Electromagnetic Metamaterial Applied to Antenna Size Reductions." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2755, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2755/1/012002.

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Abstract The research of transformation electromagnetics uses spatial coordinate transformation method to transform Maxwell’s equations for the propagations of electromagnetic waves in space, thereby achieving the goal of designing the path of electromagnetic waves, which eventually leads to a more complex tensor design of its constitutive parameters of metamaterials. This demand for artificial design of material parameters has been combined with the rapid development of micro-scale, molecular-scale, and atomic-scale experimental engineering techniques in recent years, enabling metamaterials to be developed, fabricated, and applied in various frontier fields. In this paper, the metamaterial electromagnetic wave concentrator used to reduce the antenna size is mainly discussed and detailed simulations and researches on the electromagnetic lossy conditions of the metamaterial parameters are given, which can better verify the electromagnetic scattering performance under actual engineering conditions. Solutions and quantitative simulations for the attenuation characteristics are also provided, which can deepen the research on the engineering performance of the metamaterial electromagnetic transformation devices.
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16

Kolmakov, I. A. "Electromagnetic waves generated by opposite acoustic waves." Technical Physics Letters 27, no. 1 (January 2001): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1345170.

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17

Figotin, Alexander, and Abel Klein. "Localization of Classical Waves II: Electromagnetic Waves." Communications in Mathematical Physics 184, no. 2 (April 18, 1997): 411–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002200050066.

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18

Rawlins, A. D., and D. S. Jones. "Acoustic and Electromagnetic Waves." Mathematical Gazette 71, no. 455 (March 1987): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3616323.

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19

Brosa, Ulrich. "Diffraction of Electromagnetic Waves." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 65, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2010): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2010-1-200.

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AbstractThe general method to obtain solutions of the Maxwellian equations from scalar representatives is developed and applied to the diffraction of electromagnetic waves. Kirchhoff’s integral is modified to provide explicit expressions for these representatives. The respective integrals are then evaluated using the method of stationary phase in two dimensions. Hitherto unknown formulae for the polarization appear as well as for imaging by diffraction. Ready-to-use formulae describing Fresnel diffraction behind a round stop are presented.
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20

Ignatov, A. M. "Electromagnetic van Kampen waves." Plasma Physics Reports 43, no. 1 (January 2017): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063780x17010056.

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21

Carlson, Shawn. "Detecting Natural Electromagnetic Waves." Scientific American 274, no. 5 (May 1996): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0596-98.

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22

Datsko, V. N., and A. A. Kopylov. "On surface electromagnetic waves." Physics-Uspekhi 51, no. 1 (January 31, 2008): 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/pu2008v051n01abeh006208.

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23

Jones, D. S., and J. D. Achenbach. "Acoustic and Electromagnetic Waves." Journal of Applied Mechanics 54, no. 4 (December 1, 1987): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3173152.

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24

Jones, D. S., and J. M. Galligan. "Acoustic & Electromagnetic Waves." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 109, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3225991.

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25

Datsko, V. N., and A. A. Kopylov. "On surface electromagnetic waves." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 178, no. 1 (2008): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0178.200801f.0109.

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26

Hacyan, Shahen. "Relativistic accelerating electromagnetic waves." Journal of Optics 13, no. 10 (September 29, 2011): 105710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8978/13/10/105710.

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27

Bessonov, E. G. "Conventionally strange electromagnetic waves." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 308, no. 1-2 (October 1991): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(91)90611-s.

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28

Bass, F. "Nonlinear electromagnetic-spin waves." Physics Reports 189, no. 4 (May 1990): 165–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-1573(90)90093-h.

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29

Stark, Axel. "Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves." IETE Technical Review 4, no. 7 (July 1987): 269–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02564602.1987.11438136.

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30

Ciattoni, Alessandro, and Claudio Conti. "Quantum electromagnetic X waves." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 24, no. 9 (August 13, 2007): 2195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.24.002195.

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31

Hillion, Pierre. "Nonhomogeneous nondispersive electromagnetic waves." Physical Review A 45, no. 4 (February 1, 1992): 2622–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.45.2622.

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32

Bessonov, Evgenii G. "Conditionally strange electromagnetic waves." Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics 22, no. 1 (January 31, 1992): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe1992v022n01abeh003329.

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33

Osherovich, Vladimir A., and Erast B. Gliner. "Force-free electromagnetic waves." Solar Physics 117, no. 2 (1988): 391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00147254.

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34

Luo, Haibo, and Jile Ma. "Development and transition of target waves in the network of Hindmarsh–Rose neurons under electromagnetic radiation." International Journal of Modern Physics B 34, no. 13 (May 20, 2020): 2050137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979220501374.

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The pattern transition of target waves in Hindmarsh–Rose neuron network exposed to fixed and periodic electromagnetic radiation is reported in this paper. Our numerical results confirm that local periodical excitation can induce stable propagating target waves from the network. It is found that fixed electromagnetic radiation has great effect on the propagating target waves, and that these target waves can be obviously blocked by increasing the intensity of fixed electromagnetic radiation. We find that the periodic electromagnetic radiation with appropriate amplitude and frequency can break the target waves and induce spatiotemporal turbulence and spiral waves from the broken target waves. Our numerical simulations show that the influence of periodic electromagnetic radiation on the dynamics of target waves is complex, and that although both increasing the amplitude and decreasing the frequency can break the target waves and induce spiral waves and chaos from the network, extensive numerical results find that lower frequency is more easy to terminate the target waves and generate spiral waves and spatiotemporal chaos. The numerical simulations also show that fixed and periodic electromagnetic radiation have influence on the pattern transition of the target waves in the network, but periodic electromagnetic radiation is more helpful to develop spiral waves and turbulence from the network.
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35

Park, Chan. "Observation of Gravitational Waves by Invariants for Electromagnetic Waves." Astrophysical Journal 940, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac9bff.

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Abstract We lay a theoretical foundation in the observation of gravitational waves (GWs) by electromagnetic waves (EMWs) performing a full electromagnetic analysis without any optical approximation. For that, the perturbation of plane EMWs is obtained by solving the perturbed Maxwell equation with GWs in the Minkowski background spacetime. In a GW detector using the EMWs, we propose to measure the electromagnetic invariants that are independent of the motion of the EMW receiver and whose perturbations are gauge-invariant. Imposing a physical boundary condition at EMW emitters, we have analytic results for the perturbations of invariants that can be measured in the EMW receiver. Finally, we show antenna patterns of the detector with monochromatic plane GWs and EMWs.
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36

Zhong, Zhuoheng, Xin Wang, Xiaojian Yin, Jingkui Tian, and Setsuko Komatsu. "Morphophysiological and Proteomic Responses on Plants of Irradiation with Electromagnetic Waves." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 22 (November 12, 2021): 12239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212239.

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Electromagnetic energy is the backbone of wireless communication systems, and its progressive use has resulted in impacts on a wide range of biological systems. The consequences of electromagnetic energy absorption on plants are insufficiently addressed. In the agricultural area, electromagnetic-wave irradiation has been used to develop crop varieties, manage insect pests, monitor fertilizer efficiency, and preserve agricultural produce. According to different frequencies and wavelengths, electromagnetic waves are typically divided into eight spectral bands, including audio waves, radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. In this review, among these electromagnetic waves, effects of millimeter waves, ultraviolet, and gamma rays on plants are outlined, and their response mechanisms in plants through proteomic approaches are summarized. Furthermore, remarkable advancements of irradiating plants with electromagnetic waves, especially ultraviolet, are addressed, which shed light on future research in the electromagnetic field.
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37

Jin, Zeyu. "Analysis of electromagnetic wave applications and development." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 68 (October 9, 2023): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v68i.12061.

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With the continuous advancement of science and technology, the variety of technological products around our lives has also increased, and many of them use the characteristics of electromagnetic waves. In order to make people better understand the relevant characteristics of electromagnetic waves, this article will systematically introduce the basic theory, classification, application and related safety issues of electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic waves not only have a wide range of applications in daily life, such as communications, remote sensing and other fields, but also play an important role in military and medical fields. Although electromagnetic waves bring many conveniences, there are also certain safety risks. Therefore,understanding the nature and application of electromagnetic waves to better protect our health and promote scientific and technological progress is important. In addition, for the limitations and shortcomings of electromagnetic wave applications, It is also crucial to explore potential development directions, in order to achieve comprehensive and efficient electromagnetic wave applications in the future.
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38

Rizzato, F. B., and A. C. L. Chian. "Nonlinear generation of the fundamental radiation in plasmas: the influence of induced ion-acoustic and Langmuir waves." Journal of Plasma Physics 48, no. 1 (August 1992): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800016378.

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A nonlinear emission mechanism of electromagnetic waves at the fundamental plasma frequency has been examined by Chian & Alves. This mechanism is based on the electromagnetic oscillating two-stream instability driven by two oppositely propagating Langmuir waves. The excitation of the electromagnetic oscillating two-stream instability is due to nonlinear wave–wave coupling involving Langmuir waves, low-frequency density waves and electromagnetic waves. In this paper the Chian & Alves model is improved using the generalized Zakharov equations. Attention is directed toward the influence of induced low-frequency and Langmuir waves on the properties of the electromagnetic oscillating two-stream instability. Presumably, the properties derived in the present context may be relevant to both space and laboratory plasmas.
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39

HAMADA, M. S., A. H. EL-ASTAL, and M. M. SHABAT. "CHARACTERISTIC OF SURFACE WAVES IN NONLINEAR LEFT HANDED — PHOTOSENSITIVE SEMICONDUCTOR WAVEGUIDE STRUCTURE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, no. 32 (December 30, 2007): 5319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207038459.

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The nonlinear electromagnetic surface waves in waveguide structure which contains photosensitive semiconductor layer and left-handed material (LHM) layer have been studied. The effects of light intensity and the LHM on the dispersion of electromagnetic surface waves have been investigated. It has been noticed that, as a result of the foundation of LHM layer in the structure, both forward and backward electromagnetic surface waves exist in the waveguide. It has also been shown that the photosensitive semiconductor layer controls the propagation characteristics of the electromagnetic surface waves. The power flow of the nonlinear surface waves has also been examined. It has been found that the majority of the electromagnetic surface waves propagate in the forward direction.
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40

Morozova, T. I., and S. I. Popel. "Modulational Interaction in a Dusty Plasma of Meteoroid Wakes." Geomagnetism and Aeronomy 61, no. 6 (November 2021): 888–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0016793221060116.

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Abstract This is a study of the possible modulational instability of electromagnetic waves in meteoroid wakes associated with the dust acoustic mode at altitudes of 80–120 km, which is a linear stage of modulational interaction. The parameters of meteoroid wakes at different altitudes in the Earth’s ionosphere are considered. It is shown that the charging of dust particles of meteoric matter creates conditions for the occurrence of dust acoustic waves. Dust acoustic disturbances are excited due to the modulational instability of electromagnetic waves from the meteoric trail. The influence of neutrals on the development of modulational interaction is taken into account. The concentration of neutrals in meteoric wakes is higher than the concentration of neutrals in the Earth’s ionosphere. It has been found that the condition for the excitation of a dust acoustic wave is satisfied for the typical parameters of dusty plasma of meteoroid wakes at altitudes of 100–120 km. Due to collisions between dust and neutrals, the development of modulation instability is suppressed at altitudes of 80–90 km, while inelastic collisions of neutrals with electrons and ions do not affect the development of modulational instability. The modulational instability of electromagnetic waves can explain the occurrence of low-frequency noise during the passage of meteoric bodies in a frequency range characteristic of dust acoustic waves. It is shown that the modulation instability has time to develop for characteristic temperatures and particle concentrations in meteoroid wakes. Equations for the charging of dust particles in meteoroid wakes are given. It has been found that the dust is positively charged, both in the daytime and at night, due to intense emission currents from the surface of dust particles.
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41

Salingaros, Nikos. "Invariants of the electromagnetic field and electromagnetic waves." American Journal of Physics 53, no. 4 (April 1985): 361–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.14166.

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42

Xing, Jiang Yong. "Electromagnetic Radiation on Human Health Hazards and Protective Measures in Modern Society." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 1022–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.1022.

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The discovery of electromagnetic waves and applications change the way people live in modern society, from the telephone, radio, TV to your computer, mobile phone, the electromagnetic wave for people to create a rich material life and spiritual life. Electromagnetic wave on the increasingly serious environmental pollution, electromagnetic radiation hazards on human health can not be ignored. Humans not only to continue to develop the application of electromagnetic waves, but recognize the dangers of electromagnetic radiation, to strengthen the protection, so that the electromagnetic waves more effectively for the benefit of mankind.
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43

Silva, Amanda de Castro, Jorge Luis Nepomuceno de Lima, Viviane Barrozo da Silva, Antonio Carlos Duarte Ricciotti, Ciro José Egoavil Montero, Daniela de Araújo Sampaio, and Petrus Luiz de Luna Pequeno. "Teaching Electromagnetism through a Transmission and Reception System of Electromagnetic Waves." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 9, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss12.3579.

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The learning of phenomena related to electromagnetic waves develops in an evident way when students are stimulated significantly and, one of the possible ways are contextualized experimental practices. In this way, a system was developed that allows the sending and reception of electromagnetic waves, which can be provided by a signal generator or by a transmitting radio. For the implementation of the system, two Yagi-Uda antennas were built, intended for the transmission and reception of signals; for the emission of signals a low-power transmitter radio and for the measurement of the intensity of the received signals, a signal intensity meter was constructed from a multimeter in which a circuit was added that converts the signals received into direct current proportional to their intensity. The system was used in the physics discipline of high school, where it was observed that using this system, the students presented a better understanding of the phenomena related to electromagnetic waves.
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44

Stevanovic, Jelenka Savkovic. "Electromagnetic Waves, Light and Information." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation XI, no. III (2024): 585–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2024.1103040.

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In this paper electromagnetic waves and visible light were examined. Information and communication technology were studied. Electromagnetic radiation, quantum energy, photon and electromagnetic waves were considered. The methodology of macroscopic and microscopic approach were used. Discrete energy quantity, photon, and information were employed. In this paper the light spread law was derived, first time in literature. The sun light changeable velocity was defined. Also, equation for information transfer functionalities were developed. These results can be applied in communication.
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45

Yu, M. Y., P. K. Shukla, and R. S. B. Ong. "Scattering of electromagnetic waves by electron acoustic waves." Planetary and Space Science 35, no. 3 (March 1987): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(87)90156-5.

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46

SANDU, Constantin. "On the Theoretical Possibility to Generate Gravitational Waves Using Electromagnetic Waves." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 13, no. 2 (March 16, 2017): 4692–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jap.v13i2.5901.

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This paper demonstrates that according to a consequence of General Theory of Relativity, a high amount of electromagnetic waves, such as ultraviolet light, injected between two or more parallel reflective surfaces must generate through multiple reflections gravitational waves having a significant power which are radiated into space. The emitted gravitational waves have the same frequency as the incident electromagnetic waves and are directed along the normal to the reflective surfaces. This papers derives, an equation connecting the radiated gravitational power with the electromagnetic energy injected between reflective plates. The radiated gravitational power can be enhanced and focused on a point using multiple reflective calottes.
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47

Fu, Xiaojian. "Special Issue on the Progress and Application of Electromagnetic Materials." Applied Sciences 13, no. 20 (October 18, 2023): 11413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132011413.

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Electromagnetic materials refer to materials that can manipulate electromagnetic waves, which can control the amplitude, phase, polarization, spectrum, and other characteristics of electromagnetic waves [...]
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48

Nevdakh, V. V. "Electromagnetic Waves in Maxwell’s Theory." Science & Technique 21, no. 3 (June 2, 2022): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2022-21-3-222-228.

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The description of a plane traveling electromagnetic wave existing in the physical literature by identical solutions of wave equations for the strengths of electric and magnetic fields is physically incorrect, since such solutions contradict the physical meaning of Maxwell’s equations and violate the energy conservation law. The paper gives a physically correct description of electromagnetic waves in the framework of Maxwell’s theory. New solutions of Maxwell’s wave equations for traveling electromagnetic wave are proposed, in which the strength of its electric and magnetic components change in time with shifts of a quarter of the period and a quarter of the wavelength along coordinate. The solutions describe a traveling electromagnetic wave, in which the energy of the electrical component is sequentially converted into the energy of the magnetic component and vice versa; the total energy density of the lossless wave remains constant in space at any time; the mutual orientation of the intensity vectors of the electric, magnetic fields and phase velocity changes from a left-handed three to a right-handed three every quarter of the wavelength; the energy flux density of the traveling wave is described by the Umov vector. It is shown that the formation of a standing electromagnetic wave does not require the loss of half a wave of one of the components of the wave reflected at the interface between the media. In a standing wave, the total energy density remains constant in time, but it is a function of coordinates: there are points in space where the total energy density of the wave at any time is zero – these are nodes, and there are points where it has a maximum value – these are antinodes. Due to the inhomogeneity of the distribution of the total energy density of the wave in space, a standing electromagnetic wave cannot be considered as a harmonic oscillator, but a lossless traveling electromagnetic wave can.
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49

Morozov, A. N., and V. I. Pustovoit. "Generation and Registration of High--Frequency Coupled Gravitational Waves." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences, no. 1 (88) (February 2020): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/1812-3368-2020-1-46-60.

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The paper describes the process of generating a coupled gravitational wave as a result of two electromagnetic waves propagating in a vacuum, the frequency of one wave being two times that of the other. We show that when a coupled gravitational wave interacts with two strong electromagnetic waves, lower frequency harmonics are generated. We consider the case of generating a coupled standing gravitational wave by means of strong standing electromagnetic waves and recording said gravitational wave as it interacts with these electromagnetic waves. We determined that the sensitivity of modern SQUID magnetometers is adequate for successfully conducting a laboratory experiment in generating and recording coupled high-frequency gravitational waves.
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50

Jia, Long, and Hong Guang Ma. "Study of the Attenuation Characteristic of Electromagnetic Waves in Plasma Sheath." Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (October 2014): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.104.

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Plasma sheath that seriously impacts the propagation of electromagnetic waves will be produced when an aircraft flying in the atmosphere at very high speed. This thesis concentrates on the study of the attenuation characteristic of electromagnetic waves in plasma sheath. Through discussing the formation mechanism of plasma sheath and analyzing the propagation characteristic of electromagnetic waves, the scope of communication outage will be learned. The plasma sheath is segmented into plentiful subshells which are considered as uniform layers. Ultimately the factors which affect the attenuation of electromagnetic waves will be known.
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