Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Électromagnétisme – Matériaux – Propriétés électromagnétiques'
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Alaeldine, Ali. "Contribution à l'étude des méthodes de modélisation de l'immunité électromagnétique des circuits intégrés." Rennes, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2008ISAR0016.
Full textNowadays, the steep growth of mass-market complex electronic systems is the source of numerous electromagnetic disturbances, to with an increasing number of integrated circuits (ICs) are becoming more and more susceptible. Therefore, predicting the behaviour of integrated circuits to electromagnetic aggression, conducted or radiated, is a topical demand. This thesis introduces a new simulation methodology aimed to assess the conducted and radiated immunity of integrated circuits in their environment. The whole study was conducted thanks to a multi-core integrated circuit which was initially intended for the validation of low-emission design techniques; this circuit also made it possible to define new design rules to increase the immunity of integrated circuits against electromagnetic interference. This thesis is organized as follows. In the first chapter, an investigation of several electromagnetic disturbance sources and their influences on the behavior of integrated circuits is presented. Moreover, in the same chapter, the existing measurement methods for IC susceptibility to conducted and radiated, either continuous harmonic or fast transient pulses, are detailed. In the second and third chapters, complete electrical models for the simulation of conducted immunity are presented, with respect to continuous harmonic (DPI - Direct Power Injection) and fast transient (VF-TLP - Very Fast Transmission Line Pulsing) injection modes, respectively; furthermore, simplified electrical models for power losses and IC substrates are introduced. In the fourth chapter, a complete immunity simulation model for the near field (radiated) injection method is established and validated by measurements on the integrated circuit encapsulated in normal and unshielded packages. Finally, the fifth chapter is focused on the demonstration of the validity of suggested emission reduction techniques for susceptibility reduction, as well as their classification according to their respective efficiencies and costs. The prospective of this thesis lies in the development of pre-manufacturing immunity prediction models for integrated circuits; these models can be used for the immunity simulation of an IC located on a printed circuit board inside a complex system
Abdeddaim, Redha. "Développement de méthodologies de caractérisation électromagnétique des matériaux et métamatériaux, approche de la fonction d’absorption." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100121.
Full textThe knowledge of the electromagnetic properties of composite materials has become indispensable since their use was generalized. These electromagnetic properties are defined with their intrinsic parameter values. In this thesis, we have studied composite materials with a negative refractive index. We have developed theoretical methods capable of correctly translating their intrinsic parameters. Then, we have set up theoretical models based on experimental results obtained from experimental benches realized in our lab. These models have led to the description of the participation of each of the material components to the global response of the system. Finally, we have verified the feasibility of metamaterial based systems in order to realize an absorbing function. To do so, we have realized structures based
Jaffré, Tanguy. "Caractérisation des matériaux à bande interdite électromagnétique multiperiodiques et leurs applications aux antennes." Limoges, 2005. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/342540ff-1e0d-4bdb-8afb-23771b268d27/blobholder:0/2005LIMO0004.pdf.
Full text3-D dielectric or metallic Electromagnetic BandGap (EBG) materials allow interesting properties in spatial and frequency filtering. One of the most difficult things in this domain is to realize it. The rapid prototyping offers a solution. A part is built layer by layer. An UV laser comes to polymerize a paste composed of ceramic and photosensitive resin. The ceramic, after sintering, has the same properties than those obtained through traditional manufacturing processes. The purpose of this report is to characterize this kind of materials by using their own electromagnetic properties. A bench of measurement in free space is used to identify the bandgap over a large frequency range of the manufactured structures. EBG antennas are realized from the manufactured and characterized 3-D electromagnetic bandgap materials. The filtering of the spatial and frequency wave obtained with those materials allowscontrolling the radiation directions and the directivity of the antenna
Ndiaye-Tandia, Oumy. "Caractérisation électromagnétique de nouveaux matériaux pour des applications industrielles aux fréquences micro-ondes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10161/document.
Full textThis thesis is part of a Join Research Project entitled Electromagnetic Characterization of new Materials for Industrial Applications up to microwave frequencies (EMINDA). The central aim of EMINDA is to develop traceable Electromagnetic (EM) materials metrology to enable the uptake of new EM and functional materials by European industries, especially electronics and ICT related industries.The project aims initially to develop techniques for electromagnetic characterization of materials at the submicron scale to microwave frequencies, and later to extend the metrological traceability of these materials. An electromagnetic characterization technique has been developed to extract electromagnetic properties of ferroelectric thin films (BST and PZT) from a CPW topology (CoPlanar Waveguide). CPW measurements on such thin-films have been shown to be the most tractable for metrological purposes.This thesis also aims to make comparative measurements between national metrology institutes using different experimental techniques. This work will constitute at European level, a measurement base of electromagnetic properties of emerging materials in industry with high accuracy on uncertainties measurements up to 110 GHz
Čabuz, Alexandru Ioan. "Métamatériaux électromagnétiques : des cristaux photoniques aux structures à indice négatif." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20197.
Full textThe study of electromagnetic media has historically been an essentially passive endeavor, in the sense that the structures being studied were naturally occurring, and the physicist attempted to model and understand their behavior. The work was mainly one of observation. However, over the last two decades, the advances of modern technology have opened up a possibility which had not been imagined previously: the design of new, non-naturally occurring media with surprising, exotic, properties. The physicist no longer simply observed existing materials, but could design and create new ones. In this work I discuss the modeling of the two most important types of structures that have come out of the electromagnetic medium revolution: photonic crystals and composite metamaterials. Photonic crystals are periodic dielectric structures operating at wavelengths that are on the same scale as the periodicity. Their strong spatial dispersive properties have given rise to numerous applications. In particular I discuss the super-prism effect and show that by using crystals with rectangular unit cells it is possible to improve the transmission efficiency into such structures considerably. Composite metamaterials are periodic metal-dielectric structures operating at wavelengths larger than the structure period. If properly designed these structures behave as homogeneous media described by effective permittivity and permeability parameters. These effective parameters can be designed to take values in domains that are not available in naturally occurring media; notably it is possible to design composite metamaterials with simultaneously negative permittivity and permeability, or, in other words, with a negative refractive index. In the existing literature one commonly finds numerical or experimental studies claiming to have demonstrated the existence of a negative index of refraction in a given structure without providing sufficient arguments that an effective medium model is justified at the operating wavelength for the given structure. In this work I take a detailed look at the assumptions on which effective medium models rely and put forward a method for determining frequency domains where a given structure may or may not be accurately described by simply specifying effective medium parameters
Djeffal, Zine-Eddine. "Modélisation électrique et caractérisation électromagnétique des métamatériaux main gauche." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066481.
Full textFaget, Xavier. "Application expérimentale de méthodes inverses avancées pour l'imagerie des propriétés électromagnétiques d'un matériau magnéto-diélectrique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0039/document.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is the non-destructive characterization of complex inhomogeneous magneto-dielectric structures. Successively, the experimental developments, the modelling and the data treatments stages are addressed. A forward model that links the scattered field to the electromagnetic properties is established. This model requires some finite element computations in order to estimate the propagation of the electromagnetic wave in presence of the magneto-dielectric object which is glued on a metallic support. A multistatic bench has been designed and constructed in order to collect measured scattered fields. Several adjustments and calibration procedures have been carried out to reduce the measurement noise and biases. Next, the inverse problem has been dealt with, in order to retrieve the electromagnetic properties of the samples, from the measured scattered field. The inverse problem is mainly solved with a linear approach, with a careful selection of the hyperparameters. Once the system has been fine tuned, six studies have been realized to validate our 2D imaging system. The assessment of the measurement uncertainty, the evaluation of the spatial resolution, the characterization of various magnetics materials and the use of different supports with variable geometries have been performed. So far, all the developments were done under a 2D hypothesis. That is why, we have then focused our research on the design of a 3D innovative imaging setup. To this end, a secondary source moving close to the target has been added in order to gain information in the third direction. A numerical study has been performed to assess the expected performances of this new setup
Salmoria, Gean Vitor. "Application des micro-ondes à la chimie fine et aux transformations des matériaux céramiques, polymères et bois : mesure des propriétés électromagnétiques pour l'optimisation et le contrôle des procédés." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT022H.
Full textAl, achkar Ghida. "Modélisation électromagnétique et homogénéisation de composites tissés pour applications en compatibilité électromagnétique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC108/document.
Full textComposite materials are widely used in the automotive industry as structural components. By combining lightness and robust mechanical properties, they are increasigly replacing the conventionnally used metallic alloys, for the manufacturing of vehicle parts. However, the use of composite materials is not without consequences on the electromagnetic behavior of these parts. Since carbon fiber reinforced composites are generally worse conductors of electricity than metals, they interact differently with the electromagnetic waves which surround them. It is therefore important to develop modeling tools to better understand the electromagnetic behavior of composite materials. This is to explain the changes that these materials bring to the distribution of waves, generated by a multitude of external sources, in the vicinity of mechatronic systems. On the other hand, the study of the electromagnetic behavior of composite materials makes it possible to determine the possibility of taking advantage of their attractive mechanical properties in order to further reduce the weight of electromagnetic shielding enclosures while maintaining a level of attenuation in accordance with the standards of the industry. However, numerical modeling of large composite structures, such as shielding enclosures, although conventionally adopted for metal structures, is hindered by the fact that composites exhibit heterogeneities at the microscopic scale. The numerical calculation becomes possible once the composite is replaced by a homogeneous material that exhibits an identical response to an identical electromagnetic solicitation. In this work, we present a homogenization technique, based on finite element simulation and an optimisation method, that computes an estimate of the equivalent electrical properties of unidirectional and woven fiber reinforced composites. The results are then used to simulate the shielding effectiveness of an enclosure constructed by combining composite materials and metallic alloys
Perrin, Emmanuel. "Modélisation des effets indirects de la foudre sur avion composite." Limoges, 2010. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/5ae36733-1a37-4cfc-a44d-e1d2831cbf90/blobholder:0/2010LIMO4010.pdf.
Full textWhen an aircraft is struck by lightning, voltages and currents induced on the wire harnesses can cause damages on equipments and compromise flight safety. Those indirect effects are even more deleterious due to the increasing use of composite materials. This thesis deals with the study of lightning indirect effects on a composite aircraft by numerical simulation. Computations are realized using the TEMSI-FD simulator based on the finite-difference timedomain method (FDTD). It is possible to model the entire cable harness present inside the aircraft thanks to a new formalism allowing one to consider oblique wires in the FDTD grid and through the application of the design of experiments method. Furthermore, a new algorithm extrapolating signals in the time domain permits one to reduce the computation time. The good agreement between the induced currents calculated and measurements on aicraft demonstrates the model’s usefulness during the certification process
Mercier, Laure. "Synthèse de propriétés d'agilité électromagnétique par des matériaux artificiels périodiques intégrant des microcomposants : application à la conception d'antennes à résonateur BIE configurables." Limoges, 2005. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/4a826a25-8bdc-4c98-be8c-e02329fa2c3d/blobholder:0/2005LIMO0050.pdf.
Full textIn antenna domain, structures composed of periodic cells, like Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) or Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS), are used. Strange Electromagnetic properties of these structures allow to realize spatial and frequency filter. EBG antennas use this kind of materials. In this report, a study of the integration of microcomponents in periodic structure is realized. These components allow to design material with configurable electromagnetic properties. In this thesis, realization of a frequency tunable EBG antenna is presented
Rougier, Benoit. "Étude à coeur des propriétés de matériaux innovants par la compréhension de la propagation d'une onde électromagnétique à travers une onde de choc." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/24081/1/rougier.pdf.
Full textCanot, Hélène. "Méthodes d’homogénéisation et simulations numériques appliquées à la réponse électromagnétique des matériaux multi-échelles complexes." Thesis, Lorient, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORIS515/document.
Full textThe work of this thesis concerns the homogenization of three-dimensional harmonic Maxwell equations, modeling the propagation of an electromagnetic wave originating from lightning, from air in the composite material. The problem of composites being, for example in aeronautics, the evacuation of the lightning and the protection against the electromagnetic aggressions. We consider a structure made of carbon fibers included in an epoxy resin which will itself be nano- charged. Thus rendering the composite electrically conductive. In order to obtain the homogenized problem, we use asymptotic analysis at two scales. Then we mathematically justify the result by two-scale convergence. The solution of the electric field is approximated by the addition of the average electric field and the correct field, depending on the microstructure, and solution of the cell problems. In the second part, we propose a numerical validation of the simplified model in 2D via simulations with the free finite element software Freefem ++. Three test cases will be presented before validating the homogenization method. Finally, as an illustration of the model, two examples of electromagnetic aggression: the Type A lightning bolt and a nuclear electromagnetic pulse will be tested in the frequency domain
Lezaca, Jorge. "Conception et réalisation d’une méthode de caractérisation hyperfréquence large bande : application à la mesure des propriétés électromagnétiques des diélectriques et des ferrites aimantés." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2029.
Full textThe electromagnetic (EM) characterization of materials is an important phase in the design process of telecommunication devices and systems, in particular in those used in signal processing applications. The magnetic media used in microwave frequencies (ferrites, magnetodielectric composites, etc. ) imposes some difficulties in this area because of the anisotropy and the strong dispersion of ferrites EM properties. One particularity of ferrite characterization is related to the fact that their properties have to be measured at different magnetization states. Currently, no standard measurement method is able to estimate the variation of their properties if their magnetization state is modified. Thus, methods giving direct access b the permeability tensor elements must be developed, considering a wide frequency range and the different magnetization states of the material. The objective of this thesis was to design and develop an EM characterization method for magnetized ferrites from 100 MHz to 10 GHz. We proposed an original measurement cell based on a non-reciprocal stripline structure. To develop the data processing program of the method, we analyzed the measurement cell using a full-wave technique in which we take into account the fundamental propagation mode and the superior modes, in particular the exited magnetostatic modes. We showed that these modes have an important influence on the propagation of the EM wave inside the measurement cell, hence modifying the precision of the obtained results. To minimize the errors related to the signal to noise ratio (SIN) of the measuring equipment (vector network analyzer), we chose a broadband resolution of the inverse problem of the method. This enables the characterization of longer samples (more volume) that those used in traditional techniques (based on monofrequential inverse problem resolutions), thus enhancing the wave/material interaction and the precision of the measurements. The characterization method was validated using samples of well-known EM characteristics and by comparison with 3D simulations (Ansoft HFSS software). The developed method gives the possibility to characterize some of the material properties often used by the ferrite manufacturers and non-reciprocal deceives designers like S\DeltaSH or the gyromagnetic resonance frequency (FRM). This method also authorizes broadband EM characterization of dielectric samples. These two last advantages give a very general character to the method
Paya, Bernard. "Optimisation des installations de chauffage de billettes par induction électromagnétique dans l’industrie de la forge afin d’améliorer son efficacité énergétique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI115/document.
Full textThe first part of this dissertation gives an overview of thirty years of research work done in the frame of EDF R&D Division in the domain of industrial induction heating. The different works concerned many themes: numerical modelling, expertise in induction heating in conventional sectors, development of innovative solutions in other industrial sectors, project management inside EDF first, then collaborative projects with French or European financial support, international recognition and support for young researchers.The second part shows a summary of the most relevant scientific works which leaded to a software of billet induction heating optimisation in order to improve its energy efficiency. Numerical modelling is approached in a 1D configuration, coupling an electromagnetic model using a finite elements and step by step in time method with a thermal transient model using an implicit finite difference method. The validity domain is extended thanks to the use of an attenuation coefficient applied to the magnetic field. Works regarding inductor allows to describe more accurately the electrical (resistance) and thermal (cooling) behaviour; a solution for energy recovery is also proposed. The simplified model of the resonant inverter supplying the inductor allows to describe globally its behaviour without going deep in the details of the power electronics: following the resonant frequency of the oscillating circuit, adapting the set points to the circuit impedance and the power supply limitations. Electromagnetic physical data of metals and their evolution with temperature are measured with a tailor-made equipment. All these works are validated by comparison with more complex numerical models or with experiments. Energy optimisation procedures for the heating device are developed, acting either on the line electrical parameters or on the design of a new inductor.PhD dissertation presented in the frame of the “Validation of Professional Experience”
Hassar, Mohcine. "Influence des nano-charges de noir de carbone sur le comportement mécanique de matériaux composites : application au blindage électromagnétique." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00878994.
Full textVarault, Stefan. "Modélisation et études expérimentales de structures à bande interdite électromagnétique reconfigurables intégrant des capillaires plasmas pour applications micro-ondes." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU30079.
Full textElectromagnetic bandgap structures, often called electromagnetic cristals, are parts of the wide metamaterials familly. They are the subject of intensive studies since the past two decades considering the wide range of applications to which they give access, often impossible to obtain with natural materials, like the negative refraction phenomenom. Generally periodic, these structures are caracterized by three main parameters: the array lattice type, its lattice constant, and the dielectric constant of its constituve materials. Their periodicity can give rise to frequency ranges over which the wave propagation is forbidden, as for Bragg mirors. Moreover, the high anisotropy which caracterizes these materials can allow the control of wave propagation outside these bangaps. They consequently offer both spatial and spectral filtering properties. Typical applications of photonic and electromagnetic cristals include, without being limited to, millimetric or centimetric radiative structures, high impedance surfaces, resonant cavities, or various wave guiding devices, based on total internal reflection or coupled cavities principles. Althought the field of potential technological applications grows rapidly, these structures still often remain essentially passive. As a result, various concepts aiming at bringing them reconfigurable properties have recently emerged, whether by means of ferroelectrics, liquid cristals, or localized components such as diodes or microelectromecanical systems (MEMS), and even more recently, microdischarge plasma arrays. This thesis work forms part from this perspective, and we try to bring solutions based on the use of plasma capillaries in order to achieve reconfigurable or dynamically tunable structures in the microwave regime. Because of the unavoidable losses that necessary come into play with the use of plasmas, we preffered to limit their use by working on localized defects control rather than on arrays entirely composed of plasmas. This studies were conducted both theoretically and experimantally. This work then organises itself in two main steps. Firstly, we developp numerical tools well suited to our configurations, rather special since they involve hollow cylinders where filled with plasma. We rely primarily on the plane wave expansion method for the case of infinite arrays, which we developp in details. Often limited to the dielectric case, we extend it to plasma capillaries arrays, and we implement a comprehensive tool that can handle conventionnal cases (arrays of dielectric, metallic, and plasma rods), but also more specific configurations such as bilayered cylinders involving two different materials for the coating and the core. For the finite lattice case, we make use of the scattering matrix method, which is often limited to plane wave incidences and simple cylinders. We extend it here for an incident gaussian beam, then for an arbitrary incident field, and in the more general case of stratified cylinders. We also implement the case of point sources, thus making possible the computation of the local density of states, which is of great interest in surface modes study for exemple. After these studies, we have at our disposal numerical models covering a very wide field of applications. The second part of the manuscript rather deals with the experimental aspects of this thesis work. Experimental validations of the previous numerical tools are first presented, which are based on dielectric, metallic, and hybrid arrays (containing both dielectric and metallic cylinders). The previously developped numerical tools are then used to design potential switchable and tunable structures involving plasma capillaries. A comprehensive study - both theoretical and experimental - is then conducted concerning plasma-based resonant cavities in order to identify the most suitable kind of technology for the realisation of microwave devices (couplers, demultiplexers). The last part focuses on the improvement of the previous dispositives, which suffer of a weak coupling with the incident wave, by means of surface modes. Those surface modes are then used to achieve a directive antenna whose scaning can dynamically be controlled by means of surface localised plasma capillaries
Ren, Xiaotao. "Modélisation semi-analytique des pertes par courants de Foucault dans les matériaux composites." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS159/document.
Full textComposite materials have been widely used in Electrical Engineering, and they have stimulated a growing number of scientific research, especially when it comes to energy savings. Soft Magnetic Composites (SMC) incorporate the attributes of different constituents. They can be designed to exhibit high permeability and to dissipate low Eddy Current (EC) losses compared to more conventional structures such as laminated steel. Nevertheless, electromagnetic properties of SMC are not easily determined. Numerical tools such as finite element method (FEM) are usually employed to provide a full-field description of SMC. As the microstructure has to be finely meshed, it brings significant numerical burden and instabilities. To overcome this restriction, semi-analytical homogenization methods are adapted and applied here. They consist in developing a complex permeability model. In the complex permeability model for SMC, the static magnetic permeability and EC losses are integrated respectively as the real and imaginary part of the complex permeability. Classical estimates are applied to determine the macroscopic effective magnetic permeability. A correct determination of the effective permeability, i.e. the real part of the complex permeability, is crucial for the estimate of EC losses. EC losses formulas are derived for SMC with periodic microstructure in 2D and 3D cases. Furthermore, different approaches of field averaging are employed to obtain lower and upper bounds on the EC losses in SMC. The complex permeability model is then applied to analyze a transformer structure. The magnetic field and EC losses distribution can be obtained on the equivalent homogenized transformer. The results are compared to the full-field calculations on the heterogeneous transformer. A good consistency is observed. Finally, the effect of mechanical stress on the magnetic permeability and loss property of SMC is studied, which leads to a coupled formula of EC loss density as a function of macroscopic stress and magnetic field
Durantay, Lionel. "Analyse vibratoire d'un stator de machine électrique asynchrone et modélisation des forces d'attraction électromagnétique d'entrefer." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL103N.
Full textMerle, Yannick. "Etude de la dispersion électromagnétique dans les matériaux diélectriques bidimensionnels." Limoges, 2003. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/f7c1a93d-6092-4edc-9dfe-8569aa168a82/blobholder:0/2003LIMO0045.pdf.
Full textSince two decades, the Photonic Band Gap materials (periodic arrangement of metallic or dielectric structure) have been the subject of many studies. The so called materials have the property of forbidding the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a certain frequency bandwidth. They can also be used to carry out a spatial filtering as well. This dissertation presents a study of two dimensions infinite Photonic Band Gap material. They allow the calculation of dispersion contour giving access to the various directions which the wave vector can take into the material. Then, we have presented an interpretation of the dispersive properties of periodic materials. That made it possible to present the conditions of resonance of the photonic structures. Thanks to the resonance conditions, the phase velocity and the transmission factor, it is shown why at certain frequencies the material is totally transparent while in other frequencies it reflects the waves
Chebbi, Houssem. "Méthode des coordonnées curvilignes pour la modélisation électromagnétique des matériaux complexes : application au contrôle non destructif par courants de Foucault des matériaux composites The fast computation of eddy current distribution and probe response in homogenized composite material based on semi-analytical approach Investigation of layer interface model of multi-layer structure using semi-analytical and FEM analysis for eddy current pulsed thermography." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST004.
Full textThis doctoral thesis work, carried out within the Laboratory of Simulation and Modeling for Electromagnetics (LSME) of CEA List, is part of the “NDTonAir” European project funded under the action “H2020-MSCA-ITN -2016- GRANT 722134”. The main goal of the project is the development of a fast and accurate simulation tool for the non-destructive eddy current testing of homogenized composite materials. As an application case, we are particularly interested in the orientation of the fibers on the one hand, and on the other hand, in defects as delamination which are manifested by a local geometrical deformation of the interfaces. The semi-analytical methods existing in the literature, based on Green's Dyad formalism, have been limited so far to multilayered and planar structures. To introduce local variations in geometry at the interfaces, we propose an innovative approach based on a change of coordinates adapted to the profile of the local perturbation. We propose a powerful numerical model based on the covariant formalism of Maxwell's equations. This unifying formalism takes in the anisotropy of specimen and the local deformations of the interfaces. The curvilinear coordinate method is usually used to solve diffraction problems on rough interfaces in the high frequency domain (diffraction on gratings). This thesis work is inspired by Fourier Modal Methods and proposes new tools which have been adapted to the field of eddy currents. The extension of the curvilinear coordinate method to the field of eddy currents non-destructive testing technique of composites constitutes the innovation of this work. Two numerical models have been developed to calculate the interaction of the field emitted by an eddy current probe with a multilayered composite material. The numerical model developed for the evaluation of planar composite exploits the particular structures of sparse matrices to reduce the computation time without limiting the number of modes used for the modal expansion of the field. In the case of the curvilinear profiles of the interfaces, the model makes it possible to treat parallel interfaces and some particular cases of non-parallel profiles. The general case of non-identical profiles presents some limitations which require the development of complementary numerical tools. Finally, several testing configurations were considered and the numerical results produced by the models were compared to finite element simulated data. Some experiments were carried out in foreign partner laboratories to increase our experience on experimental validation
Li, Sijin. "Hollow / porous carbon spheres derived from biopolymers." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0121.
Full textIn the present work, we proposed for the first time to synthesize hollow / porous carbon spheres by hydrothermal treatment and subsequent pyrolysis of templates, either natural such as fish eggs or alginate beads, or synthetic such as polymer capsules filled with xylitol-erythritol blend. Sucrose, tannin, resorcinol-formaldehyde, etc., were used as carbon precursors. The influence of the reaction conditions during the hydrothermal treatment or the pyrolysis was investigated in order to find the optimal reaction conditions and to tune the diameter and the porosity of the resultant materials. The microwave-absorbing properties of a heterostructure consisting of an ordered monolayer of hollow or porous glassy carbon spheres packed in 2D were experimentally and theoretically investigated in the Ka-band (26–37 GHz) frequency range. The first test of the hollow carbon spheres used for concentrating the solar energy and thus improving solar thermal evaporation was also carried out in this thesis
Camus, Olivier. "Modélisation des propriétés magnétiques de matériaux ferrite et de composites à base de ferrite absorbant le rayonnement électromagnétique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL022N.
Full textLubrano, Lavaderci Frédéric. "Sur la diffraction électromagnétique par des réseaux bi-périodiques : applications au contrôle des propriétés de réflexion d'un matériau." Bordeaux 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR10523.
Full textMdarhri, A. "Propriétés électromagnétiques de matériaux hétérogènes: Approche expérimentale et modélisation." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00583599.
Full textMdarhri, Ahmed. "Propriétés électromagnétiques de matériaux hétérogènes : approche expérimentale et modélisation." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13372.
Full textLepidi, Angela. "Condensats de Bose-Einstein dans le Secteur électrofaible et Traitement Général des Perturbations Primordiales." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077233.
Full textIn the first part of this thesis, the possible realization of Bose-Einstein condensates in the early universe is analyzed. It is shown that, in the broken phase of the electroweak theory, W bosons may condense and form a ferromagnetic state with aligned spins. In this case the primeval plasma may be spontaneously magnetized inside macroscopically large domains and form magnetic fields which may act as seeds for the observed today galactic and intergalactic fields. Screening effects, due to the dense and hot primeval plasma, may turn the system into an antiferromagnetic one. To analyze the impact of the medium, electrodynamics of charged condensed bosons and spin 1/2 fermions is studied at non-zero temperature and chemical potentials. The Debye screening length, the plasma frequency, and the photon dispersion relation are calculated. In the second part of this thesis a general formalism, that provides a systematic computation of the linear and non-linear perturbations for an arbitrary number of cosmological fluids in the early Universe, is presented. Various transitions, in particular the decay of some species, are considered. Using this formalism, the question of isocurvature non-Gaussianities in the mixed inflaton-curvaton scenario is revisited. It is shown that one can obtain significant non-Gaussianities dominated by the isocurvature mode while satisfying the present constraints on the isocurvature contribution in the observed power spectrum. Two-curvaton scenarios are also studied, taking into account the production of dark matter. Cases in which significant non-Gaussianities can be produced are investigated
Delarue, Arnaud. "Prévision du comportement électromagnétique de matériaux composites à partir de leur mode d'élaboration et de leur morphologie." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2001. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003308.
Full textLunet, Guillaume. "Radômes actifs utilisant des matériaux et structures à propriétés électromagnétiques contrôlées." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13862/document.
Full textThe research we present in this memory registers within the framework to develop new structures and to study tunable materials for an industrial integration as an active radome. Specifically, they consist of achieving a free space microwave device for both a filtering behaviour and a frequency agility behaviour. Structures based on frequency selective surfaces, for the filtering aspect, and on ferroelectric materials for the tuning aspect, are developed. Modeling and simulations show that the change of the material permittivity, obtained by applying an external electric field, enable piloting the transmission frequency of the structure. An experimental implementation complete this work and prototypes have been fabricated by photolithography techniques and then characterized in free space with a bench ABmm. Thus, microwave measurements validate the results of simulations and show the possibility to control the frequency transmission of the radome
Desmarest, Cyrille. "Propriétés électromagnétiques de matériaux superparamagnètiques : préparation, et caractérisation magnétique et optique." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000VERSA011.
Full textEyraud, Franck. "Contribution à l'élaboration et à la caractérisation de céramiques magnétiques de structure spinelle pour l'absorption d'ondes électromagnétiques." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO19007.
Full textSeetharamdoo, Divitha. "Étude des métamatériaux à indice de réfraction négatif : paramètres effectifs et applications antennaires potentielles." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S013.
Full textGuérin, Frédéric. "Contribution à l'étude théorique et expérimentale des matériaux composites chiraux et bianisotropes dans le domaine microonde." Limoges, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIMO0016.
Full textAllaeys, Jean-François. "Propriétés électromagnétiques de nanofils métalliques magnétiques orientés : effets non-réciproques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00290836.
Full textBroydé, Frédéric Jérôme. "Analyse des propriétés électromagnétiques des écrans cylindriques, et application à la caractérisation de l'efficacité de blindage des câbles." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-27-28.pdf.
Full textBelkadi, Mohamed. "Contribution à l'homogénéisation multi-échelle des propriétés électromagnétiques des matériaux en poudre de fer." Nantes, 2009. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=345e0099-427a-412e-8f6d-01accbc836f0.
Full textThe use of the iron powders material in electrical and electronic devices is growing rapidly. These materials are composed by iron particles coated by a thin dielectric layer. The performance of this type of material depends on an optimal use of its components. This optimization requires a good understanding of their behaviour at the macroscopic scale as well as at the particle scale. The important ratio between the global material dimensions and the size of the particles does not allow a global study considering, at the same time, the local phenomena at the powders level. For that purpose, it is imperative to simplify the geometry of the device and therefore apply the homogenization methods. In our work, a new non linear homogenization approach is developed for the study of iron powder materials. This approach consists of new generations of elementary cells which take into account the density of the material and the randomized distribution nature of the particles in a volume. This new geometry reflects the irregular shape of the powders and the variation of their sizes. This elementary geometry serves to calculate the equivalent permeability of the material and to evaluate its losses. Solving the electromagnetic equations has been done by a 3D model based on Whitney elements developed under the Matlab environment. The proposed work contributes to a good comprehension of the soft magnetic composite behaviour
Hoppe, Sandrine. "Contribution à l'étude de deux procédés d'élaboration de matériaux composites présentant des propriétés d'absorption aux ondes hyperfréquences." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1995_HOPPE_S.pdf.
Full textFernez, Nicolas. "Structures périodiques et désordonnées pour l’absorption des ondes électromagnétiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I081/document.
Full textAbsorption of electromagnetic power arouses a lot of interest not solely for stealth applications in military domain, but also in civil life to reduce the exposure to wireless communication signals and to preserve the totality of exchanged information. Absorbers designing for low frequency domain remains a challenge since the object’s thickness has to be proportional to the working wavelength, which leads to significant mass and size. This characteristic is a limiting factor, especially for the on-board equipment protection. That is why the main objective of this thesis is to design a low-profile electromagnetic absorber specified for broadband operation at low frequency (typically between 1 and 10 GHz). First, we tried to deeply understand the role of materials’ constitutive parameters (complex permittivity and permeability) in the power absorption. Next we described the absorption efficiency by a resonant structure in terms of quality factor, thus introducing a balance condition. From this design rules, we proposed several types of absorbing structures. The first one is based on a ferromagnetic composite material structuration either by addition of metallic pattern or by etching technique. Fractals patterns (Moore’s curve) enabled to obtain a relative frequency bandwidth in the range of 130 %, for 90 % power absorption, around a frequency of 7 GHz, for a thickness which is a fraction absorbed wavelength. The other absorbers studied during this thesis display a MIM (metal/ isolator/ metal) structuration with randomly distributed resonators. The random distribution of the first absorber, sized for operating frequencies around 10 GHz, obeys the probability law of Poisson in which overlapping between resonators is allowed. We used some mathematical tools to describe the random distribution’s topology in order to link the absorber’s geometry to the electromagnetic power absorption characteristics. Two other random structures, dimensioned for millimeter wavelengths, distribute the resonators with a no contact condition. We showed that by increasing of density of the resonators, one can obtain an absorbance higher than 90 % with a bandwidth enhancement. Finally, we carried out a prospective study in order regarding a random metasurface which can behaves as a common platform for electromagnetic and acoustic waves in the infrared domain
Vigneras, Valérie. "Modélisation de structures hétérogènes en vue de la conception de matériaux à propriétés électromagnétiques spécifiques." Bordeaux 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR10619.
Full textJarrige, Raphaëlle. "Détermination des propriétés optiques de matériaux granulaires." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00831549.
Full textHan, Xiaoke. "Métamatériaux pour la réduction des couplages électromagnétiques dans les réseaux d’antennes planaires." Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100076.
Full textOne of the requirements, commercial in the first order, of mobile operators and modern electronic equipment is to increase the integration of systems with the aim to boost functionality while reducing space and the final cost “requirement of compactness!” This responds to the need to transmit information at very high speed to meet the demands of users: "Inserting more and more smaller antennas of a huge functionality with a high variety of innumerable frequency bands, into small volumes (miniaturized systems) still maintaining their performances. ” But in that containment, the levels of electromagnetic interference (EMI) and mutual coupling is the strongest. They can present a real threat to the functioning of the systems, by significantly reducing their performances and especially for some of these components that work with low level of threshold voltage, vulnerable to EM noise. Reducing the level of these disturbances becomes a critical issue faced by designers as well as electronic equipment (integrated circuits, printed circuits, interconnections. . . ) as antenna systems and antenna arrays. The problem that concerns us here is that of EM interference and mutual coupling "intentional" due to the fact that the radiating elements are placed close to each other and often share a ground plane (or reference) common. Several strategies and techniques can be implemented and/or developed to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI coupling and EM). Among these techniques is the isolation of critical components for the shield, adaptation, filtering, adding of material absorber, and losses materials. . . However, note that all techniques are valid for a certain frequency band and they cannot protect the system for EMI that occur at different frequencies; outside these bands. This is a major limitation of these strategies. In the field of antennas (multiple-input and multiple-output, or MIMO mobile antenna system for transmitting/receiving for example), several processes (strategies or techniques) decoupling have been proposed to improve the isolation between two antennas. They are developed based on the level of insulation required for inter-element imposed by the current application remotely. For example, 10 to 15 dB of isolation are generally sufficient to obtain a low correlation in MIMO enabling them to ensure good performance, whereas isolation better than 60 dB is required for an application of radio altimeter antenna! We always take care to check the extent that the effectiveness, gain and radiation patterns of prototype antennas designed with these strategies insulation conform to specifications and that no alteration is made; rather they should achieve an improvement in some of these parameters. Among the techniques recently proposed, which uses a parasitic element (without any contact with the active antennas) of small dimensions relative to the wavelength which can provide the expected effect of decoupling? The parasitic element is inserted midway between the antennas. It can be designed as: - Defected Ground Structure; DGS. - A metamaterial as high surface impedance (SHI) of Sievenpiper (work of 1999). These structures can provide a very popular feature that suppress the propagation of surface waves in a given frequency band. The work presented in this thesis focused on the study of metamaterial structures (MTM) and their properties suppression of surface waves and their potential application to reduce the mutual coupling between microstrip antennas printed on a substrate. We specifically consider reducing mutual coupling associated with surface currents through the substrate. We propose the study of several metamaterial structures very different properties: - Periodic structures with a total bandgap for all modes of propagation; named EBG - Unit-planar structures that stop the propagation of surface waves (TE and/or TM) in a preferred direction. These are materials that have either a negative permittivity (ENG) or a negative permeability (MNG). And thus the propagation modes are evanescent modes
Mata, Wilson Da. "Récupération assistée des pétroles visqueux par ondes électromagnétiques." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT042H.
Full textYang, Kang. "Numerical and semi analytical models for electromagnetic ring expansion test." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2350.
Full textHigh stain rate material deformations are prevalent during high speed impacts, high speed forming/welding, cutting, crimping, blast etc. Characteristics of materials under high strain rate deformation do not follow the same as it occurs under the quasi-static loading conditions. However, characterization of materials under high strain rate deformation is always challenging and it requires sophisticated equipment. Thanks to the development in electromagnetic forming technology, the electromagnetic ring expansion test shows a great potential to be used to characterize materials under high strain rate conditions. During the electromagnetic ring expansion test, the workpiece can reach deformation velocities in the order of 100 m/s and a strain rate of up to 104 s-1. Consequently, this test can be used to predict the material parameters such as the strain rate hardening and ductility under extremely high strain rates (strain rates in the order of 103 – 104 s-1). In order to achieve this goal, an appropriate model is required to describe the process. The model should contain an electromagnetic-mechanical-thermal coupling to obtain the accurate multi-physics nature of the problem. There exist two main modeling methods in literature, viz., the semi-analytical methods and finite element methods (sometime combined with boundary element method). Normally, the semi-analytical methods require short calculation time while it provides lower accuracy in comparison with finite element methods. However, due to the complexity of multi-physics coupling, the calculation error is difficult to be analyzed. Moreover, errors in calculation and identification assumptions may also result from heterogeneous deformations or localized specific phenomena (such as local necking at multi points or electric current localization, skin effect, edge effect of Lorentz force etc.) that could influence identification work as well as stress and strain states. Therefore, this thesis mainly focused on the analysis and modeling methods of ring expansion test including local behaviors and dynamic phenomena with the help of experimental and numerical tools. Moreover, this thesis also includes a development of a semi-analytical method with multi-physics coupling capabilities, which has been validated using a theoretical model and experimental frameworks. Experimental measurements were obtained using high-speed cameras and photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV) for various test cases are used together with numerical models to investigate the process and material parameters. The models used to analyze the stress and stain states during a ring expansion test show that the ring expansion test is not a pure uniaxial tensile test as claimed by researchers. Besides, another potential process behavior, the vibration phenomena that occurs during the elastic recovery was investigated using multi-physics simulations and PDV systems. This investigation of the elastic recovery helps to understand the potential influencing parameters of the test those are applicable and could be used to control the springback phenomenon during other electromagnetic forming processes. The semi-analytical modeling method for ring expansion test including four calculation parts (mechanical part, eddy current, Lorentz force calculation, thermal part) were analyzed with the help of numerical simulations. The results obtained from analytical work closely resemble with the numerical simulations for both theoretical model and an experimental case study. The error analysis of various physical aspects allows improving the accuracy of semi-analytical calculation that could be used as an additional platform to obtain rapid calculation of the test conditions. This semi-analytical method could be extended in the future to identify material parameters under high strain rate deformations
Arbenz, Laure. "Caractérisation des propriétés électromagnétiques des matériaux magnétiquement doux : application aux roues polaires de machine à griffes." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0010/document.
Full textElectrical energy conversion devices are based on the use of electromagnetic properties of iron and its alloys. Therefore, an accurate knowledge of these properties is required for the designers. The characteristics of the soft magnetic materials, typically those of a claw pole rotor, can be significantly impacted by the manufacturing processes. Consequently, these properties must be characterized directly on the manufactured magnetic piece. In this work, a non-destructive measurement method combining an operative approach and the finite element simulation is proposed to characterize the local electrical conductivity of the claw pole rotor. The choice of the experimental parameters associated to the claw pole rotor geometry is optimized using the Ishikawa diagram. Then, the measurement uncertainty is determined using two different approaches. This method is applied to perform a study on a population of claw pole rotors issued from the manufacturing chain. Secondly, the method is extended to incremental permeability measurement. Tests on thick sheets were realized to validate the proposed approach with the same type of sensor. Moreover, a complementary study in 3D finite element has emphasized the limitations of the analytical approach, especially when the permeability of the plate and its thickness become significant. Finally, this method is applied to the case of claw pole rotors through a qualitative approach for a quality control application
Bresson, Paul. "Étude des phénomènes thermiques ultrarapides dans les nanostructures plasmoniques." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST005.
Full textThermoplasmonics is a branch of plasmonics exploiting thermal phenomena in metallic structures. Long regarded as problematic, Joule losses due to the absorption of light by metallic nanoparticles are now considered as a starting point for many applications: thermal nanosources in medicine, magnetic recording, chemical catalysis, thermotronics or energy conversion.The use of femtosecond lasers on plasmonic structures, allows the creation of spatially confined nanosources of heat reaching very high electronic temperatures compared to the temperature of the atomic lattice. The absorption by a metal of a pulse of energy can be described in three main steps. Firstly, an absorption of photons by the electrons of the metal increases the electron energy on the scale of a hundred femtoseconds with electronic temperatures that can reach thousands of Kelvin, while the lattice temperature remains almost constant. Then, a second step, in which the electron-phonon interactions transmit the energy absorbed by the electrons to the grid, allowing the electrons and phonons to reach equilibrium. Finally, the energy is dissipated into the substrate surrounding the metal by thermal conduction.Many models exist in the literature to describe the non-equilibrium between electrons and phonons. However, a rigorous and quantitative comparison with experimental data is lacking to validate or invalidate these models. This was the main objective of this study.To study these phenomena, I used a pump-probe experiment where the pump allows an ultra-fast heating of the sample which causes a change in the permittivity of the metal. The probe beam then allows to measure the variations in the reflection and transmission spectrum, caused by the change in permittivity.I set up a numerical code allowing to model the temperature evolution in a 3D mesh of a structure composed of dielectric and metallic elements. This thermal model takes into account the various energy transport phenomena in a metal such as electron-phonon coupling, electron and phonon thermal conduction and ballistic displacement of non-thermalized electrons. Then, via a model of permittivity as a function of temperature taking into account the interband and intraband transitions, this model was coupled to an optical model to simulate the evolution of the optical spectra of a structure as a function of its temperature in order to be able to confront this numerical model with the experimental results by data fitting.This numerical model has been validated on numerous pump-probe experiments carried out on gold films of various thicknesses and gold nanostructure arrays on glass or gold film. We were able to show that, among the very large number of optical and thermal parameters involved in the model, all these experimental data could be adjusted using a very small number of free parameters, thus confirming the robustness of the model. Finally, this model was used to design and optimize samples allowing the experimental demonstration of heat propagation on scales of a few hundred nanometers within a gold nanostructure
Soullié, Paul. "Développement méthodologique pour l’optimisation de l’imagerie des propriétés électromagnétiques en IRM." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0152.
Full textIt is now well accepted that electromagnetic (EM) properties of biological tissues are characteristic features related to their contents or their structure. It has been an old issue to seek for ways to estimate these properties in vivo, and has thus led the scientific community to develop numerous specific tools, from raw measurement technologies to imaging methods more recently. On a fundamental level, these works make it progressively possible to reveal some specific physiological mechanisms and are contributing to improve our understanding of the living. Recently, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has become a privileged tool in this framework, allowing among other things the reconstruction of electrical and magnetic properties in different frequency ranges, with its distinctive resolution power. Recent progress suggest it could be possible to provide a tissue-specific electromagnetic MR contrast, that we consider as promising new biomarker from a clinical perspective. In a quest to give new insights for a better understanding of in vivo electromagnetic phenomena, as well as contributing to a comprehensive approach of EM modelling, we have endeavoured to develop an innovative electromagnetic mapping method with an MR scanner. In the MR community, the study of EM properties led to the development of two main research fields: the so-called “low-frequency imaging”, under 1 MHz, and the “high-frequency imaging”, above 50 MHz, depending on the device used for stimulation. Given both these approaches, we have considered strategies that avoid additional hardware, and that could provide qualitative as well as quantitative results in the context of a classical clinical examination then. Low-frequency methods have been evaluated with simulation tools and have been progressively dismissed for practical and theoretical reasons: in that frequency range, information is polluted by the noise. Conversely, we have developed a new mapping method for electrical properties in the high frequency range, built from existing methodologies. Importantly, we wanted to provide a method that could easily be translated to clinical applications at a reasonable computational cost. To that end, we first performed simulation studies, and then MR acquisitions with specific dedicated EM phantoms. We finally used volunteers’ in vivo data to assess the performance or our algorithm in a realistic context. Our reconstruction method fits particularly well with acquisition schemes based on gradient-recalled echo with ultrashort echo-times (UTE), or more dramatically with zero echo-time (ZTE). By isolating the local EM signature in the MR signal, we use them to provide quantitative maps of electromagnetic properties, and we are able to estimate the sensitivity of these reconstructed maps to our model parameters. Our simulation results first and foremost show that our method improves the overall theoretical reconstruction quality as compared to existing related mapping techniques. Qualitative results confirm the possibility of a direct distinction, in terms of contrast, between media with variables electromagnetic properties. Quantitative results are encouraging, we observe satisfactory absolute values for reconstructed EM properties in the given frequency range. Our framework contributes to the development of EM imaging in MRI, and gives new insights for reconstruction model optimization. Efforts are still needed to achieve better use of UTE/ZTE sequences and to improve the overall quality of our reconstructions. After final numerical optimization, the reproducibility of the method will be evaluated in several test organs before its integration to a standard clinical protocol
Trassin, Morgan. "Couches minces de Ga2-xFexO3 par ablation laser pulsée : vers un matériau magnétoélectrique à température ambiante." Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2009/TRASSIN_Morgan_2009.pdf.
Full textThe phenomenon describing the coupling between electric and magnetic properties in a single phase material is called magnetoelectric effect. This effect allows an electrical control of the magnetization which is very promising for spintronic. Magnetoelectric memories would combine advantages of both ferroelectric and magnetic memories. BiFeO3 is the only material which presents magnetoelectric properties at room temperature. Unfortunately, this compound is ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic and therefore presents no resulting magnetization. There is a real need to find materials which present magnetoelectric properties at room temperature with a non zero magnetization. We focused on the polar ferrimagnetic compound Ga2-xFexO3 (GFO), the magnetoelectric properties of which are known in the bulk form. The thin films were synthesized by pulsed laser deposition. Modifying the Fe/Ga ratio allowed to increase the Neel temperature over room temperature. Finally, the elaboration and the insertion of bottom conducting electrodes opened new perspectives towards the electric characterization of this magnetoelectric material
Li, Bo. "Détermination de la compacité des couches minces des enrobés bitumineux à l'aide de méthodes électromagnétiques hautes fréquences." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUES031.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis focuses on determining the compaction of Hot Mix Asphalt layers. This parameter is easily determined in the laboratory on samples taken in site (scores) by standardized tests. It can also be non-destructively, locally or continuously estimated by using a nuclear method based on the adsorption of gamma rays. This method is regarded as the standard method. However, the nuclear methods require a cumbersome management in terms of safety and remain very expensive. Replacing them is an important issue and a necessity. The research in thi thesis aims to evaluate the capacity of electromagnetic methods to determine the compaction of the asphalt layers to replace the nuclear method. In this thesis, a first study presents the dielectric characterization of rocks that compound the main matrix of HMA layers and wearing layers. Samples of rock have been extracted from quarries that provide the road construction in our regional area. Their permettivities are measured in cylindrical cavity. We show that rocks could be considered as lossless media in the radar frequency band used in this work. In a second part, cylindrical and slab mix samples are implemented in the laboratory. Their permittivities are respectively measured in resonant cylindrical cavities at given frequencies, and with electromagnetic methods based on the propagating waves that reflect on top and bottom of bituminous slabs : the Ground Penetrating Radar and the step frequency radar. The measured permittivity is described with a Complex Refractive Index Model and a function is defined to rely it to the compaction. The results are then compared to the compaction controlled by standardized methods (weight control and transmitted gamma-ray method). We show that the compaction obtained by electromagnetic methods is close to the compaction obtained with standardized tests, with standard deviations of the same order. Finally a case study is presented. The compaction of a newly constructed layer is controlled with the step frequency radar. The results are promising. But the measurements also underline the effort required for further improvements in order to replace the current nuclear control by an electromagnetic method
Lévêque, Philippe. "Diffraction d'ondes électromagnétiques transitoires par des obstacles en présence de milieux diélectriques à pertes." Limoges, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIMO0008.
Full textMantash, Mohamad. "Conception et caractérisation d'antennes à métamatériaux sur textiles." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S093.
Full textSmart clothes are designed, among other applications, for users with risky occupations (firemen, policemen, military,. . . ), but also for applications in sports, medical, space,. . . Domains. They incorporate onboard electronics and multiple wireless transceivers to cover many communication standards (In/On/Off Body communication). Conducted within the framework of the ANR project Metavest, this thesis is devoted to the development and characterization of flexible textile antennas for the frequency ranges of WiFi and 4G LTE (2. 4-2. 7, 5. 1-5. 875 GHz) on the one hand, and the protection of the users against radiation of these antennas on the other hand. After having studied the state of the art on the available topologies and technologies of the textile antennas, we started by the characterization of the textiles commonly used in the fabrics, for which the electromagnetic parameters are generally unknown. Then, several types of textile antennas are designed to meet the required frequency bands. One of them is based on a zipper to achieve an original frequency tunable antenna. To reduce the back radiation from textile antennas and protect the users from harmful electromagnetic wave effects, several AMC (artificial magnetic conductor) reflectors are modeled (analytically) and tested. A novel geometry (hexagonal unit-cell) is proposed to improve the performance of the reflector. The whole antenna-AMC structure meets well the required specifications, even under bending conditions