Relevant bibliographies by topics / Electron beam freeform fabrication

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Electron beam freeform fabrication'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Electron beam freeform fabrication"

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Wanjara, Priti, Mathieu Brochu, and Mohammad Jahazi. "Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication on Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 4938–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.4938.

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The use of electron beam technology for freeforming 321 SS was investigated using 347 SS solid wire and BNi-2 brazing paste as filler materials. The electron beam freeforming (EBFF) studies involved examining the effect of processing parameters on the characteristics of the line build-ups. Specifically, the effective growth rate and the dimensional features (height-to-width ratio) of the build-ups were found to be dependent on the beam energy and the filler material conditions (e.g. wire feed rate and the number of re-melting passes). The EBFF work indicated that build-ups with either filler material could be deposited on 321 SS using an optimized processing window that resulted in properties comparable to technical data available for 347 SS and BNi-2.
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Chang, Shuhe, Haoyu Zhang, Haiying Xu, Xinghua Sang, Li Wang, Dong Du, and Baohua Chang. "Closed-Loop Control of Droplet Transfer in Electron-Beam Freeform Fabrication." Sensors 20, no. 3 (February 10, 2020): 923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030923.

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In the process of electron-beam freeform fabrication deposition, the surface of the deposit layer becomes rough because of the instability of the feeding wire and the changing of the thermal diffusion condition. This will make the droplet transfer distance change in the deposition process, and the droplet transfer cannot always be stable in the liquid bridge transfer state. It is easy to form a large droplet or make wire and substrate stick together, which makes the deposition quality worsen or even interrupts the deposition process. The current electron-beam freeform fabrication deposition is mostly open-loop control, so it is urgent to realize the real-time and closed-loop control of the droplet transfer and to make it stable in the liquid bridge transfer state. In this paper, a real-time monitoring method based on machine vision is proposed for the droplet transfer of electron-beam freeform fabrication. The detection accuracy is up to ± 0.08 mm. Based on this method, the measured droplet transfer distance is fed back to the platform control system in real time. This closed-loop control system can stabilize the droplet transfer distance within ± 0.14 mm. In order to improve the detection stability of the whole system, a droplet transfer detection algorithm suitable for this scenario has been written, which improves the adaptability of the droplet transfer distance detection method by means of dilatation/erosion, local minimum value suppression, and image segmentation. This algorithm can resist multiple disturbances, such as spatter, large droplet occlusion and so on.
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Chang, Shuhe, Haoyu Zhang, Haiying Xu, Xinghua Sang, Li Wang, Dong Du, and Baohua Chang. "Online Measurement of Deposit Surface in Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication." Sensors 19, no. 18 (September 16, 2019): 4001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19184001.

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In the process of electron beam freeform fabrication (EBF3), due to the continuous change of thermal conditions and variability in wire feeding in the deposition process, geometric deviations are generated in the deposition of each layer. In order to prevent the layer-by-layer accumulation of the deviation, it is necessary to perform online geometry measurement for each deposition layer, based on which the error compensation can be done for the previous deposition layer in the next deposition layer. However, the traditional three-dimensional reconstruction method that employs structured laser cannot meet the requirements of long-term stable operation in the manufacturing process of EBF3. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to measure the deposit surfaces based on the position information of electron beam speckle, in which an electron beam is used to bombard the surface of the deposit to generate the speckle. Based on the structured information of the electron beam in the vacuum chamber, the three-dimensional reconstruction of the surface of the deposited parts is realized without need of additional structured laser sensor. In order to improve the detection accuracy, the detection error is theoretically analyzed and compensated. The absolute error after compensation is smaller than 0.1 mm, and the precision can reach 0.1%, which satisfies the requirements of 3D reconstruction of the deposited parts. An online measurement system is built for the surface of deposited parts in the process of electron beam freeform fabrication, which realizes the online 3D reconstruction of the surface of the deposited layer. In addition, in order to improve the detection stability of the whole system, the image processing algorithm suitable for this scene is designed. The reliability and speed of the algorithm are improved by ROI extraction, threshold segmentation, and expansion corrosion. In addition, the speckle size information can also reflect the thermal conditions of the surface of the deposited parts. Hence, it can be used for online detection of defects such as infusion and voids.
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Gurianov, D. A., K. N. Kalashnikov, K. S. Osipovich, and A. V. Chumaevskii. "Obtaining the bimetallic composition by the electron beam freeform fabrication." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 597 (August 23, 2019): 012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/597/1/012043.

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Taminger, Karen M., Robert A. Hafley, and Marcia S. Domack. "Evolution and Control of 2219 Aluminium Microstructural Features through Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication." Materials Science Forum 519-521 (July 2006): 1297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.1297.

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Electron beam freeform fabrication (EBF3) is a new layer-additive process that has been developed for near-net shape fabrication of complex structures. EBF3 uses an electron beam to create a molten pool on the surface of a substrate. Wire is fed into the molten pool and the part translated with respect to the beam to build up a 3-dimensional structure one layer at a time. Unlike many other freeform fabrication processes, the energy coupling of the electron beam is extremely well suited to processing of aluminum alloys. The layer-additive nature of the EBF3 process results in a tortuous thermal path producing complex microstructures including: small homogeneous equiaxed grains; dendritic growth contained within larger grains; and/or pervasive dendritic formation in the interpass regions of the deposits. Several process control variables contribute to the formation of these different microstructures, including translation speed, wire feed rate, beam current and accelerating voltage. In electron beam processing, higher accelerating voltages embed the energy deeper below the surface of the substrate. Two EBF3 systems have been established at NASA Langley, one with a low-voltage (10-30kV) and the other a high-voltage (30-60 kV) electron beam gun. Aluminum alloy 2219 was processed over a range of different variables to explore the design space and correlate the resultant microstructures with the processing parameters. This report is specifically exploring the impact of accelerating voltage. Of particular interest is correlating energy to the resultant material characteristics to determine the potential of achieving microstructural control through precise management of the heat flux and cooling rates during deposition.
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Kalashnikov, K. N., K. S. Khoroshko, T. A. Kalashnikova, A. V. Chumaevskii, and A. V. Filippov. "Structural evolution of 321 stainless steel in electron beam freeform fabrication." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1115 (November 2018): 042049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1115/4/042049.

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Matz, J. E., and T. W. Eagar. "Carbide formation in alloy 718 during electron-beam solid freeform fabrication." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 33, no. 8 (August 2002): 2559–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-002-0376-y.

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Nikolov, Daniel K., Aaron Bauer, Fei Cheng, Hitoshi Kato, A. Nick Vamivakas, and Jannick P. Rolland. "Metaform optics: Bridging nanophotonics and freeform optics." Science Advances 7, no. 18 (April 2021): eabe5112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abe5112.

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The demand for high-resolution optical systems with a compact form factor, such as augmented reality displays, sensors, and mobile cameras, requires creating new optical component architectures. Advances in the design and fabrication of freeform optics and metasurfaces make them potential solutions to address the previous needs. Here, we introduce the concept of a metaform—an optical surface that integrates the combined benefits of a freeform optic and a metasurface into a single optical component. We experimentally realized a miniature imager using a metaform mirror. The mirror is fabricated via an enhanced electron beam lithography process on a freeform substrate. The design degrees of freedom enabled by a metaform will support a new generation of optical systems.
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Yan, Wuzhu, Zhufeng Yue, and Jianwen Feng. "Study on the role of deposition path in electron beam freeform fabrication process." Rapid Prototyping Journal 23, no. 6 (October 17, 2017): 1057–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-03-2016-0043.

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Purpose The present work aims to reveal the effect of deposition paths on transient temperature, transient stress, residual stress and residual warping in the electron beam freeform fabrication (EBF) process. Design/methodology/approach Six typical deposition paths were involved in the finite element (FE) simulations of EBF process by implementing a specially written program. Findings The results showed that the deposition path had a remarkable influence on heat transfer and transient temperature distribution in the scanning process, resulting in different residual stress and residual warping after cooling to room temperature. The largest and smallest temperature gradients were obtained from the zigzag and alternate-line paths, respectively. Meanwhile, the temperature gradient decreased with the increase of deposited layers. The optimum deposition path, namely, the alternate-line pattern, was determined with respect to the residual stress and residual warping. Originality/value Although some researcher revealed the importance of deposition path through FE analysis and experimental observation, their studies were usually confined within one type of deposition pattern. A complete investigation of typical deposition paths and comparison among them are still lacking in literature. To address the aforementioned gap, the present work started by extensive FE simulations of EBF process involving six representative deposition paths, namely, the alternate-line, zigzag, raster, inside-out spiral, outside-in spiral and Hilbert. For each deposition path, the transient temperature field, residual stress and residual deformation were obtained to optimize the deposition path.
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Shu, Xi, Guoqing Chen, Junpeng Liu, Binggang Zhang, and Jicai Feng. "Microstructure evolution of copper/steel gradient deposition prepared using electron beam freeform fabrication." Materials Letters 213 (February 2018): 374–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2017.11.016.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electron beam freeform fabrication"

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Matz, John E. (John Edward) 1968. "Carbide formation in a nickel-based superalloy during electron beam solid freeform fabrication." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9540.

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Thesis (Sc.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1999.
Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-93).
The Electron Beam Solid Freeform Fabrication process involves the use of an electron beam to make near-net-shape metal parts without the need for tooling. Material in wire form is fed into a melt pool maintained on the surface of the part by the electron beam and a positioning system causes the deposition to occur in a line-by-line, layer-by-layer fashion. Solidification occurs at a high rate, forming a fine dendritic microstructure and fine dispersion of primary carbides. This structure is believed to be optimal for the manufacture and safe use of certain nickel-base superalloy parts, notably turbine disks. The growth of carbide particles from the liquid during EBSFF processing of Alloy 718 has been modeled assuming diffusion control and isolated spherical carbides. The driving force for growth is assumed to increase in a linear manner throughout the temperature range of carbide precipitation. The model predicts the maximum carbide size as a function of EBSFF operating parameters and the alloy niobium and carbon levels. For the material and conditions used experimentally in this work, the model predicts a maximum diameter of approximately I .0 [mu]m. The maximum carbide size will become an important determining factor for turbine disk performance when oxide and nitride inclusions have been eliminated through improved melt practices. To illustrate this, the low-cycle fatigue life as a function of carbide size for a standard specimen geometry was calculated. Extraction replica transmission electron microscopy of EBSFF samples identified carbides in the 300-600 nm range, consistent with a population having the predicted maximum size. Another dispersion of carbides larger than 3 [mu]m was also observed in the EBSFF samples. These are believed to be original carbides that survived the EBSFF thermal cycle without completely dissolving. More thorough dissolution can probably be obtained with EBSFF process modifications. Control material from a conventional vacuum arc remelted ingot with similar composition was also examined and plate-like carbides up to 40 [mu]m in length were noted. This is an indication of the enormous potential of the EBSFF process to refine the carbide morphology and size distribution without the need for a reduction in carbon content.
by John Edward Matz.
Sc.D.
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Nelson, Erik Walter. "Combined Compression and Shear Structural Evaluation of Stiffened Panels Fabricated Using Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43583.

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Unitized aircraft structures have the potential to be more efficient than current aircraft structures. The Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication (EBF3) process can be used to manufacture unitized aircraft structures. The structural efficiency of blade stiffened panels made with EBF3 was compared to panels made by integrally machining from thick plate. The panels were tested under two load cases in a combined compression-shear load test fixture. One load case tested the panels' responses to a higher compressive load than the shear load. The second load case tested the panels' responses to an equal compressive and shear load. Finite element analysis was performed to compare with the experimental results. The EBF3 panels failed at a 18.5% lower buckling load than the machined panels when loaded mostly in compression but at an almost two times higher buckling load than the machined panels when the shear matched the compressive load. The finite element analysis was in good agreement with the experimental results prior to buckling. The results demonstrate that the EBF3 process has the capabilities of manufacturing stiffened panels that behave similarly to machined panels prior to buckling. Once the EBF3 panels buckled, the buckled shape of the EBF3 panels was different from the machined panels, generally buckling in the opposite direction of what was observed with the machined panels. This was also expected based on the finite element analysis. The different post-buckling response between the two manufacturing techniques was attributed to the residual stress and associated distortion induced during the EBF3 manufacturing process.
Master of Science
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Waters, Brent R. "Mechanical Properties of Inconel 718 Processed Using Electron Beam Free Form Fabrication (EBF3)." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6717.

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Electron beam freeform fabrication (EBF3) is a rapid metal deposition process that works efficiently with the wieldable alloy Inconel 718 (IN 718). EBF3 is a developing additive manufacturing (AM) process that can manufacture IN 718 parts directly from computer aided design (CAD) data. EBF3 can produce parts significantly faster and more energy efficient than competing IN 718 AM technologies. The EBF3 process utilizes metal wire feedstock which is induced into a molten pool using a focused electron beam in a vacuum environment. This allows parts to be built layer by layer, creating intricate shapes that can be produced cheaper and faster than traditionally manufactured IN 718 parts. Furthermore, it allows traditionally manufactured parts to be modified as additional form is added to them using EBF3. Multiple industries rely on IN 718 parts and can utilize this technology including aerospace engineering, oil refinery, nuclear power generation, and food processing.A main drawback of EBF3 is the lack of knowledge of the effect different EBF3 build techniques will have on the properties of the deposited materials. Most of the reliable data on the mechanical properties relate to a linear build-up strategy and focus on the mechanical properties in the deposition direction (DD). There is no data related to other build-up techniques such as rotation build-up or transitional builds from forged material to EBF3 material. Reliable data on the behavior and microstructure of EBF3 material in a direction other than the DD is also difficult to find. Previous studies showed build-up height influenced mechanical properties but its role is not fully understood yet. This paper presents the mechanical properties and microstructure of an IN 718 plate built using a EBF3 rotational build-up strategy through utilizing a forged plug in the center. The tensile properties of samples at the transition from forged to EBF3 material showed higher ductility and reduced strength than pure EBF3 material. This is likely due the influence of the forge material in one half of the specimen. Samples taken at approximately 15 degree increments from 0 to 90 degrees rotation to the DD in the additive portion of the plate were subjected to tensile testing. Along the build height, or the transverse direction (TD), the lowest strength was demonstrated and the TD aligned strongly to a <001> texture. Samples 45 degrees to the DD showed the greatest strength due to their preference for aligning to a <111> texture. Samples low on the build height demonstrated a higher strength than those on the top and displayed grain structures along the TD which were long, linear, and narrow across multiple deposition layers.
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Gaytan, Guillen Sara Marisela. "Additive layer manufacturing of TI-6AL-4V by electron beam melting from powder particles solid, mesh and foam components study /." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Kottman, Michael Andrew. "Additive Manufacturing of Maraging 250 Steels for the Rejuvenation and Repurposing of Die Casting Tooling." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1416854466.

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Davé, Vivek Ramesh. "Electron beam (EB)-assisted materials fabrication." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11505.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1995.
Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (v. 2, leaves 277-279).
by Vivek Ramesh Davé.
Ph.D.
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Onyeako, Isidore. "Resolution-aware Slicing of CAD Data for 3D Printing." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34303.

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3D printing applications have achieved increased success as an additive manufacturing (AM) process. Micro-structure of mechanical/biological materials present design challenges owing to the resolution of 3D printers and material properties/composition. Biological materials are complex in structure and composition. Efforts have been made by 3D printer manufacturers to provide materials with varying physical, mechanical and chemical properties, to handle simple to complex applications. As 3D printing is finding more medical applications, we expect future uses in areas such as hip replacement - where smoothness of the femoral head is important to reduce friction that can cause a lot of pain to a patient. The issue of print resolution plays a vital role due to staircase effect. In some practical applications where 3D printing is intended to produce replacement parts with joints with movable parts, low resolution printing results in fused joints when the joint clearance is intended to be very small. Various 3D printers are capable of print resolutions of up to 600dpi (dots per inch) as quoted in their datasheets. Although the above quoted level of detail can satisfy the micro-structure needs of a large set of biological/mechanical models under investigation, it is important to include the ability of a 3D slicing application to check that the printer can properly produce the feature with the smallest detail in a model. A way to perform this check would be the physical measurement of printed parts and comparison to expected results. Our work includes a method for using ray casting to detect features in the 3D CAD models whose sizes are below the minimum allowed by the printer resolution. The resolution validation method is tested using a few simple and complex 3D models. Our proposed method serves two purposes: (a) to assist CAD model designers in developing models whose printability is assured. This is achieved by warning or preventing the designer when they are about to perform shape operations that will lead to regions/features with sizes lower than that of the printer resolution; (b) to validate slicing outputs before generation of G-Codes to identify regions/features with sizes lower than the printer resolution.
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Leonard, S. "Negative polymeric resists for electron beam lithography." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234905.

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Ervin, Jennifer Kelly. "Post Heat Treatment Effects of Ti-6Al-4V Produced via Solid Freeform Electron Beam Melting." NCSU, 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05012008-105845/.

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Traditionally, Ti-6Al-4V components are fabricated by forging or casting. However, these methods of production require expensive dies or molds. The cost per part is very high for those parts produced in low quantities. The solid freeform electron beam melting process aims to produce high dimensional tolerance parts with similar mechanical properties at a lower cost by melting Ti-6Al-4V powder in a layer by layer fashion using high energy electrons. Due to the directional solidification effects, the microstructure seen in this process consists of a columnar grain structure along the growth direction and an equiaxed structure at the cross-sectional growth plane. This type of structure is thought to contribute to the anisotropy of tensile properties discovered in previous research. Although, preferred orientation of the α laths may play a role as well. Heat treatments above the β transus are performed in order to improve the tensile properties, specifically ductility, with intensions to remove preferred orientation and to disunite the columnar grain structure. Tensile testing, fractography, optical microscopy, and x-ray diffraction are used to characterize and compare the as-processed and β heat treated electron beam melted specimens. It is found for all β treated conditions, the ductility increases compared to the as-processed specimens, although the strength decreases. The mode of fracture changes from ductile dimple rupture in the asprocessed condition to transgranular cleavage with ductile dimple rupture for the heat treated specimens. The macrostructure and microstructure in the as-processed and heat treated specimens contrasted greatly. The macrostructure changes from a fully columnar structure to a mixture of columnar and equiaxed grains. A fine acicular microstructure is observed in the as-processed samples, whereas a broad lamellar colony microstructure is formed during heat treatment. The presence of a colony microstructure is a possible reason for the improvement in ductility. From the x-ray data obtained, the preferred orientation is not reduced but instead increases after heat treating in the β region which likely is a result of the favorable rearrangement of slip systems due to the change in α lath orientation.
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Taslimi, Shahrzad. "Fabrication of diffractive optical elements by electron beam lithography." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96963.

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Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) are an important component in the success of optical Microsystems. Electron beam lithography is a key part of fabricating these elements with submicron feature dimensions. This thesis presents work done on the development of a process for the fabrication of multilevel diffractive optics in glass substrates using this method. This project investigates various challenges involved in the process, addresses possible problems that may arise and proposes and investigates solutions to resolve them. Sources of possible error in the creation and transfer of the patterns are identified and methods of eliminating or minimizing these errors are presented. Some of the main sources of error arise from charging due to electron accumulation and alignment issues during electron beam lithography.
Éléments d'optiques diffractives (EODs) composent une partie essentielle dans le succès de microsystèmes optiques. Lithographie à faisceau d'électrons est un élément clé pour la fabrication des structures avec des dimensions critiques submicroniques. Cette thèse présente le travail fait sur le développement d'un processus pour la fabrication des optiques diffractives en utilisant cette méthode. Ce projet étudie des divers défis impliqués dans ce processus, traite des problèmes qui pourrait surgir et propose des solutions pour les résoudre. Les sources d'erreur possible dans la création et le transfert des modèles sont identifiées et des méthodes de les éliminer ou les minimiser sont présentées. Certaines des erreurs sont attribuées à l'accumulation d'électrons et aux problèmes d'alignement lors de la lithographie.
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Books on the topic "Electron beam freeform fabrication"

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Fernandez-Pacheco, Amalio. Studies of Nanoconstrictions, Nanowires and Fe₃O₄ Thin Films: Electrical Conduction and Magnetic Properties. Fabrication by Focused Electron/Ion Beam. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.

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Choo, Andrew Hua-kuang. Fabrication, characterization and modeling of a superlattice base hot electron transistor. 1992.

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Fernandez-Pacheco, Amalio. Studies of Nanoconstrictions, Nanowires and Fe3O4 Thin Films: Electrical Conduction and Magnetic Properties. Fabrication by Focused Electron/Ion Beam. Springer, 2011.

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Fernandez-Pacheco, Amalio. Studies of Nanoconstrictions, Nanowires and Fe3O4 Thin Films: Electrical Conduction and Magnetic Properties. Fabrication by Focused Electron/Ion Beam. Springer, 2013.

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Gallop, J., and L. Hao. Superconducting Nanodevices. Edited by A. V. Narlikar. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198738169.013.17.

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This article reviews recent progress in superconducting nanodevices, with particular emphasis on fabrication methods developed for superconducting nanowires and nanoscale Josephson junctions based on different barrier materials. It evaluates the future potential of superconducting nanodevices, including nano-superconducting quantum interference devices (nanoSQUIDs), in light of improvements in nanoscale fabrication and manipulation techniques, along with their likely impacts on future quantum technology and measurement. The article first considers efforts to realize devices at the physical scale of 100 nm and below before discussing different types of Josephson junction such as trilayer junctions. It also describes the use of focused ion beam milling and electron beam lithography techniques for junction fabrication at the nanoscale and the improved energy sensitivity detectable with a nanoSQUID. Finally, it looks at a range of applications for nanoSQUIDs, superconducting single photon detectors, and other superconducting nanodevices.
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Book chapters on the topic "Electron beam freeform fabrication"

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Wanjara, Priti, Mathieu Brochu, and Mohammad Jahazi. "Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication on Stainless Steel." In THERMEC 2006, 4938–43. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-428-6.4938.

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Sun, Wenjun, Liming Ke, Shanlin Wang, and Wende Bu. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TC4 Titanium Alloy by Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication." In Transactions on Intelligent Welding Manufacturing, 27–44. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7215-9_2.

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Matsui, Shinji, Hiroaki Misawa, and Quan Sun. "3-D Nanostructure Fabrication by Focused-Ion Beam, Electron- and Laser Beam." In Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology, 87–112. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54357-3_4.

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Di Fabrizio, E., L. Grella, M. Baciocchi, and M. Gentili. "Fabrication of Diffractive Optical Elements by Electron Beam Lithography." In Diffractive Optics and Optical Microsystems, 149–60. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1474-3_14.

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Bögli, V., P. Unger, H. Beneking, B. Greinke, P. Guttmann, B. Niemann, D. Rudolph, and G. Schmahl. "Microzone Plate Fabrication by 100 keV Electron Beam Lithography." In Springer Series in Optical Sciences, 80–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39246-0_15.

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Shimojo, Masayuki, Masaki Takeguchi, Kazutaka Mitsuishi, M. Tanaka, and Kazuo Furuya. "Fabrication of Iron Oxide Nanostructures by Electron Beam-Induced Deposition." In Materials Science Forum, 1101–4. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-462-6.1101.

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Bernstein, G., and D. K. Ferry. "Fabrication of Short-Gate GaAs MESFETs by Electron Beam Lithography." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 462. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71446-7_36.

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Gonzales, Devon, Stephen Liu, Marcia Domack, and Robert Hafley. "Using Powder Cored Tubular Wire Technology to Enhance Electron Beam Freeform Fabricated Structures." In TMS 2016: 145thAnnual Meeting & Exhibition: Supplemental Proceedings, 183–89. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119274896.ch23.

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Gonzales, Devon, Stephen Liu, Marcia Domack, and Robert Hafley. "Using Powder Cored Tubular Wire Technology to Enhance Electron Beam Freeform Fabricated Structures." In TMS 2016 145th Annual Meeting & Exhibition, 183–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48254-5_23.

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Harrysson, Ola L. A., and Denis R. Cormier. "Direct Fabrication of Custom Orthopedic Implants Using Electron Beam Melting Technology." In Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Medical Applications, 191–206. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470033983.ch9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Electron beam freeform fabrication"

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Hafley, Robert, Karen Taminger, and R. Bird. "Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication in the Space Environment." In 45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-1154.

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Taminger, Karen M., Christopher S. Domack, Joseph N. Zalameda, Brian L. Taminger, Robert A. Hafley, and Eric R. Burke. "In-process thermal imaging of the electron beam freeform fabrication process." In SPIE Commercial + Scientific Sensing and Imaging, edited by Joseph N. Zalameda and Paolo Bison. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2222439.

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Mulani, Sameer, Jing Li, Pankaj Joshi, and Rakesh Kapania. "Optimization of Stiffened Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication (EBF3) panels using Response Surface Approaches." In 48th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-1901.

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Zalameda, Joseph N., Eric R. Burke, Robert A. Hafley, Karen M. Taminger, Christopher S. Domack, Amy Brewer, and Richard E. Martin. "Thermal imaging for assessment of electron-beam freeform fabrication (EBF3) additive manufacturing deposits." In SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing, edited by Gregory R. Stockton and Fred P. Colbert. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2018233.

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Wang, Liang, Sergio D. Felicelli, Jacob Coleman, Rene Johnson, Karen M. B. Taminger, and Ratessiea L. Lett. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Electron Beam Deposits of AISI 316L Stainless Steel." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62445.

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Abstract:
Electron beam freeform fabrication (EBF3) is a process that uses an electron beam and wire feedstock to fabricate metallic parts inside a vacuum chamber. In this study, single and multiple layer linear deposits of AISI 316L stainless steel were produced with the EBF3 machine at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC). EBF3 process parameters, including beam current, translation speed, and wire feed rate, were investigated in order to consider their effects on the resulting steel deposit geometry, microstructure and mechanical properties. Results indicate that the EBF3 process can produce pore-free, fully dense material within the range of process parameters used in this study. The electron beam deposited stainless steel has a solidification microstructure with fine columnar grains within most parts of the deposit due to the high cooling rate during the deposition, with some small homogeneous equiaxed grains at the top of the deposit. The mechanical properties of the deposits are comparable to those of wrought metal, which is attributed to the homogeneous fine-grained microstructure.
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Xu, Tao, Xiao Xie, and Litao Sun. "Fabrication of nanopores using electron beam." In 2013 8th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nems.2013.6559810.

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Fan, Yinxue, Miao Yu, Shuyi Li, Zuobin Wang, and Zhengxun Song. "Fabrication of micropolarizers by electron beam lithography." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Manipulation, Manufacturing and Measurement on the Nanoscale (3M-NANO). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3m-nano.2016.7824986.

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Gao, Fuhua, Yangsu Zeng, Shiwei Xie, Feng Gao, Jun Yao, Yongkang Guo, Jinglei Du, and Zheng Cui. "Fabrication of beam sampling grating with electron-beam direct writing." In Electronic Imaging 2002, edited by Stephen A. Benton, Sylvia H. Stevenson, and T. John Trout. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.469296.

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West, Andrew A., and Robin W. Smith. "Electron beam lithographic fabrication of computer-generated holograms." In ECO4 (The Hague '91), edited by G. Michael Morris. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.47039.

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Gritz, Michael A., Francisco J. Gonzalez, and Glenn D. Boreman. "Fabrication of infrared antennas using electron-beam lithography." In Micromachining and Microfabrication, edited by Eric G. Johnson. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.477851.

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