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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Electron gun

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Academic literature on the topic 'Electron gun'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Electron gun"

1

Han, Zhirui. "Electron Gun Generation and Application in Welding, Lithography and Treatment of Pollutants." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 72 (December 15, 2023): 666–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/10nwag59.

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As a matter of fact, electron gun has already been widely adopted in various fields. In general, the electron gun is a device used to form an electron beam. In recent years, electron guns have been adopted in welding, lithography and treatment of pollutants. With this in mind, this study will introduce the principle of the electron gun and its application in the three fields respectively. In the electron gun, the cathode is electrically heated in a vacuum to emit hot electrons. Applying a strong potential to the anode, the emitted electrons are accelerated at a given energy, thus forming an electron beam. This has led to the widespread use of electron beams. By studying the rapid development of electron beam applications generated by electron guns, it is shown that electron guns have excellent prospects for development. Overall, these results shed light on guiding further exploration of electron gun development.

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Li, Yongtao, Hanyan Li, and Jinjun Feng. "Investigation of Spindt Cold Cathode Electron Guns for Terahertz Traveling Wave Tubes." Electronics 12, no. 20 (2023): 4197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12204197.

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In this work, a Spindt cold cathode electron gun with a PPM (periodic permanent magnet) focusing system for a terahertz TWT (traveling wave tube) was designed and simulated based on the Pierce electron gun structure. More specifically, a new 3D (three dimensional) emission model was used, where the cathode radius of the electron gun was 1 mm and the cathode current was 30 mA, with an emitting half angle of about 28°. It was demonstrated that the electron beam was well focused with an electron beam radius of 0.3 mm and a filling ratio of 0.5 when the maximum value of the PPM field along with the axis was 0.122T. According to the simulation results, a planar cold cathode electron gun was developed. Measurements demonstrated that the I/V characteristics of the cold cathode gun were consistent with that of a cold cathode, revealing that the electrons emitted from the cathode are not intercepted when passing through the electron gun.

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Urban, K., M. Biassoni, M. Carminati, et al. "A thermionic electron gun to characterize silicon drift detectors with electrons." Journal of Instrumentation 19, no. 06 (2024): P06004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/p06004.

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Abstract The TRISTAN detector is a new detector for electron spectroscopy at the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment. The semiconductor detector utilizes the silicon drift detector technology and will enable the precise measurement of the entire tritium β-decay electron spectrum. Thus, a significant fraction of the parameter space of potential neutrino mass eigenstates in the keV-mass regime can be probed. We developed a custom electron gun based on the effect of thermionic emission to characterize the TRISTAN detector modules with mono-energetic electrons before installation into the KATRIN beamline. The electron gun provides an electron beam with up to 25 keV kinetic energy and an electron rate in the order of 105 electrons per second. This manuscript gives an overview of the design and commissioning of the electron gun. In addition, we will shortly discuss a first measurement with the electron gun to characterize the electron response of the TRISTAN detector.

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Matsumoto, Y., H. Nakano, M. Kisaki, K. Shinto, M. Sasao, and M. Wada. "Analysis of electron behaviour around a spring-shape filament inside a low-energy electron gun." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2244, no. 1 (2022): 012084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2244/1/012084.

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Abstract Electron behaviour inside a low-energy electron gun based on a spring-shape filament were studied with experiment and Particle-In-Cell simulation. The energy range of the electron beam which we expected was from 1 to 20 eV. The analysis told that smaller size of filament is more useful to improve electron density in front of an extraction hole in the gun to enhance beam current. Relation between a space potential distribution in the gun and electron transport was also studied. A heater voltage to drive a filament for thermionic electron emissions has another role to form a spatial potential distribution in the gun. The potential guides electrons, which are at a distant area from the beam extraction hole, toward the hole. It can be a significant help to realize efficient electron extraction by a beam extraction electric field induced near the hole.

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Matsumoto, Y., H. Nakano, M. Kisaki, K. Shinto, M. Sasao, and M. Wada. "Analysis of electron behaviour around a spring-shape filament inside a low-energy electron gun." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2244, no. 1 (2022): 012084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2244/1/012084.

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Abstract Electron behaviour inside a low-energy electron gun based on a spring-shape filament were studied with experiment and Particle-In-Cell simulation. The energy range of the electron beam which we expected was from 1 to 20 eV. The analysis told that smaller size of filament is more useful to improve electron density in front of an extraction hole in the gun to enhance beam current. Relation between a space potential distribution in the gun and electron transport was also studied. A heater voltage to drive a filament for thermionic electron emissions has another role to form a spatial potential distribution in the gun. The potential guides electrons, which are at a distant area from the beam extraction hole, toward the hole. It can be a significant help to realize efficient electron extraction by a beam extraction electric field induced near the hole.

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Pikin, Alexander, Vittorio Bencini, Hannes Pahl, and Fredrik Wenander. "Electron gun producing beams with controllable current density." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2244, no. 1 (2022): 012103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2244/1/012103.

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Abstract The existing Brillouin-type electron gun at the TwinEBIS test bench is, according to Herrmann theory, capable of producing an electron beam with a current density of 3850 A/cm2 in the 2 T solenoid. To control the electron beam current density and the magnetic flux inside the beam, the existing electron gun - now using purely electrostatic focusing - can be modified by permitting magnetic flux to reach the cathode. In such a configuration, the stabilizing magnetic flux inside the electron beam can be controlled by changing the current in the magnet coil surrounding the cathode. The radial oscillations of the electron beam, resulting from the increased magnetic field on the cathode, can be significantly reduced by employing a non-adiabatic magnetic field near the electron gun. This method has been recently developed and successfully used at REXEBIS at CERN. We present the computer simulations of such electro-optical system.

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Pikin, Alexander, Vittorio Bencini, Hannes Pahl, and Fredrik Wenander. "Electron gun producing beams with controllable current density." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2244, no. 1 (2022): 012103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2244/1/012103.

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Abstract The existing Brillouin-type electron gun at the TwinEBIS test bench is, according to Herrmann theory, capable of producing an electron beam with a current density of 3850 A/cm2 in the 2 T solenoid. To control the electron beam current density and the magnetic flux inside the beam, the existing electron gun - now using purely electrostatic focusing - can be modified by permitting magnetic flux to reach the cathode. In such a configuration, the stabilizing magnetic flux inside the electron beam can be controlled by changing the current in the magnet coil surrounding the cathode. The radial oscillations of the electron beam, resulting from the increased magnetic field on the cathode, can be significantly reduced by employing a non-adiabatic magnetic field near the electron gun. This method has been recently developed and successfully used at REXEBIS at CERN. We present the computer simulations of such electro-optical system.

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Zhao, Fan-Tao, Jian Song, Jin-Shuo Zhang, Liang-Wen Qi, Chong-Xiao Zhao, and De-Zhen Wang. "Effects of magnetized coaxial plasma gun operation on spheromak formation and plasma characteristics." Acta Physica Sinica 70, no. 20 (2021): 205202. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.70.20210709.

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Spheromak plasma formed by a magnetized coaxial plasma gun possesses high propagation velocity and electron density, which has been extensively investigated, for it has a variety of applications, such as fueling of fusion reactor, magnetized target fusion, and labratory simulations of astrophysical phenomena. Formation and optimization of the gun-type spheromak are studied by investigating the discharge characteristics of the gun and the scaling of plasma parameters with various operation conditions. Based on the spheromak formation mechanism, several significant operation parameters are identified, including peak value of gun current, bias flux, gas-puffed mass and the length of neutral gas distribution inside the gun channel: this length can be controlled by adjusting the time delay between gas injection and discharge of the capacitor bank to initiate gas breakdown and for a long time delay the current path distribution inside the gun channel can be characterized by a moving plasma ring which carries almost all of the gun current. Under a sufficient pressure of the self-generated field, the moving plasma ring with freezed toroidal field pushes the bias field into the vacuum chamber, the twisted field lines are then broken, reconnected, and thus forming a free spheromak. The injected gas is desired to exist only in the gun channel: if downstream region of the gun is filled with neutral gas, a weakly ionized and cold spheromak will be formed, which is not beneficial to practical applications. The multiple current path phenomenon is observed using two spatially separated magnetic coils inside the gun channel, excepting for the plasma ring, there are a stagnant current path and a reversed current path separately located in upstream and middle region of the gun channel. Development of the upstream current path is due to the residual charged particles deteached from the tail of accelerated plasma ring and the unswept netural particles, which reduces the energy injected into the plasma ring from capacitor bank, and thus having a negative effect on the performance of spheormak. The axial propagation velocity of spheromak, electron temperature and density are shown to increase with the capacitor bank voltage rising, which can be attributed to the elevation in energy injected into the plasma ring. Only higher electron density is obatined by increasing the gas-puffed mass, and the propagation velocity and electron temperature are observed to decrease. The energy injected into the plasma ring is independent of the gas-puffed mass, and electron density is elevated with gas-puffed mass increasing. Since the frequency of electron impact ionization increases, electrons undergo more collisions and transfer more energy to other particle species, thus the thermal energy of electrons decreases.

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URATA, Tomohiro, Tsuyoshi ISHIKAWA, Boklae CHO, and Chuhei OSHIMA. "Practical XHV Electron Gun." Journal of the Vacuum Society of Japan 51, no. 10 (2008): 642–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3131/jvsj2.51.642.

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Santoru, Joseph, Robert W. Schumacher, and Daniel J. Gregoire. "Plasma‐anode electron gun." Journal of Applied Physics 76, no. 10 (1994): 5629–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357068.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electron gun"

1

Mann, Mark. "Carbon nanotubes as electron gun sources." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612202.

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Möller, K., A. Arnold, P. Lu, et al. "Emittance minimization at the ELBE superconducting electron gun." Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-146950.

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The transverse emittance is one of the most important quantities which characterize the quality of an electron source. For high quality experiments low beam emittance is required. By means of theoretical considerations and simulation calculations we have studied how the emittance of the Rossendorf superconducting radio-frequency photoelectron source (SRF gun) can be minimized. It turned out that neither a solenoid magnet nor the effect of space charge forces is needed to create a pronounced emittance minimum. The minimum appears by just adjusting the starting phase of the electron bunch with respect to the RF phase of the gun in a suitable way. Investigation of various correlations between the properties of the beam particles led to an explanation on how the minimum comes about. It is shown that the basic mechanism of minimization is the fact that the longitudinal properties of the particles (energy) are strongly influenced by the starting phase. Due to the coupling of the longitudinal and transverse degrees of freedom by the relativistic equation of motion the transverse degrees of freedom and thereby the emittance can be strongly influenced by the starting phase as well. The results obtained in this study will be applied to minimize the emittance in the commissioning phase of the SRF gun.

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Erasmus, Nicolas. "The development of an electron gun for performing ultrafast electron diffraction experiments." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2560.

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Thesis (MSc (Physics))--Stellenbosch University, 2009.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis aims to comprehensively discuss ultrafast electron di raction and its role in temporally resolving ultrafast dynamics on the molecular level. Theory on electron pulses and electron pulse propagation will be covered, but the main focus will be on the method, equipment and experimental setup required to generate sub-picosecond electron pulses, which are needed to perform time resolved experiments. The design and construction of an electron gun needed to produce the electron pulses will be shown in detail, while preliminary pulse characterization experiments will also be illustrated. An introduction into the theory of electron diffraction patterns and how to interpret these diffraction patterns will conclude the thesis.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis het ten doel om ultravinnige elektrondi raksie deeglik te bespreek asook die rol wat dit speel om ultravinnige tyd-dinamika op 'n molekulêre vlak op te los. Die teorie van elektonpulse en die voortplanting van elektronpulse sal gedek word, maar die fokus sal op die metode, gereedskap en eksperimentele opstelling wees wat benodig is om sub-pikosekonde elektronpulse te genereer. Die ontwerp en konstruksie van 'n elektrongeweer, wat benodig word om elektronpulse te produseer, sal in detail bespreek word, terwyl aanvanklike pulskarakterisasie eksperimente ook illustreer sal word. 'n Inleiding tot die teorie van elektrondi raksie patrone en hoe om hulle te interpreteer sal die tesis afsluit.

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Ribton, Colin Nigel. "Development of an electron gun design optimisation methodology." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/15629.

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The design of high quality electron generators to meet specific requirements is important in the application of these devices to a variety of materials processing systems (including welding, cutting and additive manufacture), X-ray tubes for medical, scientific and industrial applications, microscopy and lithography. Designs can be analysed by field solvers, and electron trajectories plotted to provide an indication of the beam quality. Incremental improvement of designs has normally been executed by trial and error, and this can be a time consuming activity requiring expert intervention for each iteration of the design process. The unique contribution made to knowledge by this work is the application of optimisation techniques to the design of electron guns to produce beams with the required optical properties. This thesis presents a review of the design of electron guns, including a discussion of thermionic cathode material properties and their suitability for use in electron guns for processing materials, the influence of space-charge on gun design and the derivation of salient beam metrics to characterise the beam. Beam quality metrics have been developed that allow quantification of electron beam characteristics, allowing objectives to be set for the optimisation process. Additionally, a method is presented that enables real world measurements to be directly compared with modelled beams. Various optimisation methods are reviewed. A genetic algorithm was selected, which would use gun modelling and beam characterisation calculations as the objective function, as a suitable method for application to this problem. However, it was recognised that selections for the best evolutionary parameters, the population size, number of parents, the mutation rate and mutation scale, were not readily determined from published work. An investigation is presented where a range of evolutionary parameters was tested for a set of geometrical problems, which had some similarity to electron gun design but could be computed sufficiently quickly to enable an extensive survey, and the most efficient combination of parameters was identified. Detail is given of the customisation of a genetic evolutionary optimisation method for the design of electron guns. Examples are presented of electron gun design optimisation processes to meet specified beam requirements within defined geometric and electrical constraints. The results of this work show that optimum evolutionary parameter settings for the geometric problem vary with the complexity of the problem and trends have been identified. Application of these parameters to an electron gun optimisation has been successful. The derived beam parameter metrics have been applied to electron guns as an objective function. Comparisons of modelled predictions of the beam characteristics with the measured real world values have been shown to be reasonable.

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Cornell, Timothy Allen. "Fabrication of resonant optical waveguide biosensors using electron gun depositions." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4272.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 94 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-94).

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Trowbridge, Sarah Nicole. "The penning trap electron gun for the KATRIN experiment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44827.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2008.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-62).<br>The KArlsruhe TRitium Neutrino experiment (KATRIN) is currently in under construction, with plans to be activated in 2010. The experiment will measure the energy of electrons recoiling from the three body beta decay of Tritium (Hydrogen with two neutrons) in order to obtain the mass of the neutrino. The experiment will be sensitive down to 0.2ev/c2. My thesis focuses on the one of the calibration sources for this experiment: the Penning trap electron gun. This calibration source will use ion storage techniques usually used in high resolution mass spectroscopy to store and excite electrons to a known energy and then release them with a user-controlled angular distribution. These electrons will then travel through the experimental apparatus and be detected as if they were electrons from events in the experiment, thus providing valuable information on the response of the detector. In this thesis, I performed simulations in a windows-based ion flight package to measure the characteristic frequencies of an ion caught in the trap as well as to study the response of the system to driving by microwaves. I also worked on testing of the first two prototypes of the electron gun itself, concentrating on transitioning from a thermionic electron source to a photoelectric electron source.<br>by Sarah Nicole Trowbridge.<br>S.B.

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Niles, Sean P. "Design and analysis of an electron gun/booster and free electron laser optical analysis." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10568.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>As interest in high power free electron lasers (FELs) has increased, the FEL and accelerator communities have been faced with the need to develop high bunch charge, high repetition rate, low emittance electron sources for use as the driving accelerators for FELs. A novel superconducting, radio-frequency (SRF) gun/booster has been designed by and built for the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) FEL Beam Physics Lab in collaboration with Niowave, Inc., for studying this electron source regime. The NPS SRF gun/booster operates at 500 MHz and is based upon a quarter-wave structure. It incorporates many features that make it desirable for studying the cathodes and transport regimes necessary to explore high bunch charge beams, including adjustable field focusing, short transport out of the gun, and the ability to change cathode types and materials. After attaining "first beam" in June 2010, the NPS gun has been established as the first SRF electron gun in the United States. Initial results show excellent agreement with simulation with bunch charges of 110 pC and transverse emittance estimates of 4 mm-mrad. Additionally, a modal analysis tool for the NPS FEL simulation software is developed based upon the Hermite-Gaussian basis set. Using a minimization of mode coefficients approach, we decompose output optical fields for amplifier FEL designs and experiments for FEL optimization and comparison of laser output fields.

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Nakanishi, Tsutomu, Shoji Okumi, Makoto Kuwahara, et al. "High-voltage testing of a 500-kV dc photocathode electron gun." American Institute of Physics, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14188.

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Macke, Benjamin Tyler. "CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ELECTRON GUN CONTROLLED MULTIPLE SPATIAL REGION PIEZOELECTRIC THIN FILM." UKnowledge, 2003. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/312.

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Piezoelectric bimorph thin films may hold solutions for many future applications, such as lightweight deployable mirrors and inflatable struts. Non-contact actuation by an electron gun has shown promise in preventing issues that arise from attaching many wire leads to a thin film surface. This study investigates piezoelectric bimorph thin film response to electron gun actuation when covered with multiple spatial regions of control. Desired parameter ranges are found that will lead to predictable control under certain circumstances. Under such circumstances, film response is influenced almost solely by the primary electrons incident on the film, and secondary electrons have negligible effect. Such information is vital before attempting closed loop control of a thin-film piezoelectric mirror with multiple electrodes.

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Poulin, Peter Roland. "Design of a photoactivated electron gun for the ultrafast study of chemical reaction dynamics by electron diffraction." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0005/MQ40734.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Electron gun"

1

Singh, Udaybir, and A. K. Sinha. Electron Gun for Gyrotrons. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4610-3.

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Simonov, K. G. Ėlektronnye otpai͡a︡nnye pushki. "Radio i svi͡a︡zʹ", 1985.

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B, Volkov D., ed. Analiticheskiĭ metod rascheta ėlektronnoĭ pushki. Vychislitelʹnyĭ ͡tsentr AN SSSR, 1991.

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Workshop on Short Pulse High Current Cathodes (1990 Bendor, France). Proceedings of the Workshop on Short Pulse High Current Cathodes, Bendor, France, 18-22 June 1990. Editions Frontieres, 1990.

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Wilson, Harry L. Guns, gun control, and elections: The politics and policy of firearms. Rowman & Littlefield, 2007.

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Wilson, Harry L. Guns, gun control, and elections: The politics and policy of firearms. Rowman & Littlefield, 2007.

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LaPierre, Wayne R. Guns, Bush, & Kerry: How the outcome of the 2004 presidential election affects your right to keep and bear arms. NRA, 2003.

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Center, Lewis Research, ed. Investigation of beam-plasma interactions: Final report. University of Alabama in Huntsville, 1987.

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Center, Lewis Research, ed. Investigation of beam-plasma interactions: Final report. University of Alabama in Huntsville, 1987.

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Center, Lewis Research, ed. Investigation of beam-plasma interactions: Final report. University of Alabama in Huntsville, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Electron gun"

1

Yates, John T. "Electron Gun Design and Behavior." In Experimental Innovations in Surface Science. Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2304-7_84.

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Bheesette, Srinidhi, and Marcos Turqueti. "Electron Gun Based Magnetic Probe." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2354-8_157.

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Singh, Udaybir, and A. K. Sinha. "Electron Beam Analysis of a Gyrotron Electron Gun." In SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4610-3_4.

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Singh, Udaybir, and A. K. Sinha. "Preliminary Design of Gyrotron Electron Gun." In SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4610-3_3.

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Yates, John T. "Work Function Measurements Using an Electron Gun." In Experimental Innovations in Surface Science. Springer New York, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2304-7_122.

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Mook, H. W., and P. Kruit. "Electrostatic in-line monochromator for Schottky Field Emission Gun." In Electron Microscopy and Analysis 1997. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003063056-19.

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Yates, John T. "Low-Energy Electron Gun for Broad-Beam Irradiation." In Experimental Innovations in Surface Science. Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2304-7_85.

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Brodusch, Nicolas, Hendrix Demers, and Raynald Gauvin. "Developments in Field Emission Gun Technologies and Advanced Detection Systems." In Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy. Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4433-5_2.

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Samaras, I., E. Pavlidou, G. Perentzis, and L. Papadimitriou. "Electron-Gun Evaporated Carbon Films for Li-Ion Microbatteries." In Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4333-2_54.

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Singh, Udaybir, and A. K. Sinha. "Mechanical and Operational Design of a Gyrotron Electron Gun." In SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4610-3_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Electron gun"

1

Bayless, John R. "Inexpensive, compact electron gun for laser applications." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.tukk4.

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Large-area electron guns are critical components in many high-energy gas laser systems. The secondary emission electron (SEE) gun, in which a beam is generated by ion bombardment of the cathode, offers an attractive option for pulsed laser applications. With this type of cold cathode gun, a dc voltage is applied to the cathode and the electron beam is controlled by modulating the source of ions in which resides a ground potential. This design greatly simplifies the electron gun power system. A SEE gun system has recently been developed which provides a 150-kV, 5- × 150-cm2 beam at current densities of up to 12 mA/cm2 (uniformity about ±10%) in 30-µs pulses at 30 pps. It is expected that the SEE gun can be easily scaled to beam voltages of >300 kV, beam areas >10,000 cm2, peak current densities exceeding 1 A /cm2, time-averaged current densities >0.5 mA/cm2, pulse lengths of 0.1 µs to dc, and pulse repetition rates >1 kHz with good uniformity (±5%), high reliability, and long life (>1000 h). Furthermore, the inherent simplicity of the SEE gun results in low cost and a compact, lightweight system.

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2

Phillips, G., and R. J. Gates. "PTG1181 electron gun development." In 2009 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivelec.2009.5193508.

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Todd, Alan M. M., Ira S. Lehrman, Jayaram Krishnaswamy, Vincent Calia, and Robert Gutowski. "Electron-Gun-Driven EUV Lithography System." In Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography. Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/eul.1994.sel.274.

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The interaction of a high-brightness electron beam with a gas target has been proposed as a "granular" source of radiation that could generate sufficient power for extreme ultra-violet lithography (EUVL) applications. A system based on this concept that seeks to achieve writing rates in excess of 3 cm2 sec-1 at a wavelength around 130 Å is described. The potential advantage of a gas target system is the minimization of particulate debris and optics contamination. This electron-gun-driven lithography source consists of three basic components: a high-brightness, high-duty factor photocathode electron gun; a steady-state supersonic neon jet and gas collection subsystem; and output optics, imaging and exposure components. The overall systems aspects of such a EUVL source, together with the status and recent progress in the development of the electron gun and gas subsystems, are addressed. It is shown that the projected level of EUV radiation can reach the thermal limits of existing optical system designs for these wavelengths.

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MacDonald, Noel C., Wolfgang Hofmann, Liang-Yuh Chen, and John H. Das. "Micromachined electron gun array (MEGA)." In SPIE's 1995 International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, edited by Eric Munro and Henry P. Freund. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.221612.

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Phillips, G. "150 kV electron gun development." In IET Conference on High Power RF Technologies. IEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2009.0008.

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Bheesette, Srinidhi, and Marcos Turqueti. "Electron Gun-Based Magnetic Probe." In 2020 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nss/mic42677.2020.9507871.

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Lundgren, Mark A. "Electron gun IR scenario simulator." In Aerospace Sensing, edited by Dieter Clement and Wendell R. Watkins. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.137837.

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Pal, U. N., N. Kumar, D. K. Verma, et al. "Electron beam analysis of pseudospark sourced electron gun." In 2012 IEEE 39th International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2012.6383605.

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Krysztof, M., T. Grzebyk, A. Gorecka-Drzazga, and J. Dziuban. "Electron beam forming in MEMS-type electron gun." In 2015 28th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivnc.2015.7225580.

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Srinivasan-Rao, T., J. Smedley, K. Batchelor, J. P. Farrell, and G. Dudnikova. "Optimization of gun parameters for a pulsed power electron gun." In The eighth workshop on advanced accelerator concepts. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.58882.

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Reports on the topic "Electron gun"

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Hirshfield, Jay L. Bimodal Electron Gun. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1374056.

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Redwine, Robert, and Evgeni Tsentalovich. High Intensity Polarized Electron Gun. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1481409.

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Redwine, Robert P. High Intensity Polarized Electron Gun. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1184381.

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Pikin A. Electron Gun for RHIC EBIS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1061836.

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Myers, N. B., A. B. White, L. Olsen, and W. J. Raitt. CHARGE-2B Electron Gun System. Defense Technical Information Center, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada231514.

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Burrill A. Energy Recovery Linac: SRF Electron Gun. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1061962.

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Li, Siqi, and Giulio Stancari. Characterization of an Electron Gun for Hollow Electron Beam Collimation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1419167.

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Burrill, A. R&D ERL: SRF Electron Gun. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1013456.

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Borland, Michael. A high-brightness thermionic microwave electron gun. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10164508.

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Dyer, G. High Current Electron Gun for Space Flight. Defense Technical Information Center, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada178467.

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