Relevant bibliographies by topics / Electron irradiations

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
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  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Electron irradiations'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 May 2022
Last updated: 29 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Electron irradiations"

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Girard-Perier, Nina, Samuel Dorey, Sylvain R. A. Marque, and Nathalie Dupuy. "Mapping the scientific research on the ionizing radiation impacts on polymers (1975–2019)." e-Polymers 21, no. 1 (2021): 770–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2021-0065.

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Abstract A bibliometric approach allowed us to study the global research trend on the impact of ionizing irradiations on polymers from 1975 to 2019. The investigation revealed 1,015 publications with growing interest since 1990. The research is split into three main categories: polymer science, nuclear science technology, and chemistry physical. The three main ionizing irradiations studied in this research are gamma, electron beam, and X-ray irradiations. The impact of ionizing irradiations on polymers under gamma irradiation is the most commonly studied field with 578 publications among the 1,015 publications. Electron beam irradiation is the second most studied field followed by X-ray irradiation. Whatever the irradiation modalities, publications focus on material degradation and material improvement studies.
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Kenik, E. A., and M. Nastasi. "Disordering and phase decomposition of a nickel-aluminum intermetallic under lowtemperature electron irradiation." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 46 (1988): 774–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010010593x.

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In situ electron irradiations at 300 and 1000 kV have been performed at 100 and 300 K on Ni2Al3 for comparison with its response under ion irradiation. In addition, the behavior of Ni2Al3 will be compared to that of NiAl3 reported previously. Thin multilayered films of alternating nickel and aluminum were electron beam deposited onto a NaCl substrate. The substrate was dissolved in deionized water and the Ni/Al film was mounted on 3 mm diam grids. The films were vacuum annealed for 1—2 h at 623 K to allow interdiffusion between the layers. Electron diffraction indicated that the films were fine-grained (∼20 nm diam) Ni2Al3, which is the prototype for the hexagonal D513 structure. No appreciable amount of other phases was detected.The specimens were irradiated with 1000 kV electrons in a Hitachi HU-1000B or with 200—300 kV electrons in Philips EM430 and CM30 microscopes. All three microscopes are equipped for nominal room temperature or low temperature (∼100 K) irradiations.
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Tripathi, S. K., Jagdish Kaur, R. Ridhi, Kriti Sharma, and Ramneek Kaur. "Radiation Induced Effects on Properties of Semiconducting Nanomaterials." Solid State Phenomena 239 (August 2015): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.239.1.

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The irradiation of nanomaterials with energetic particles has significant effects on the properties of target materials. In addition to the well-known detrimental effects of irradiations, they have also some beneficial effects on the properties of nanomaterials. Irradiation effect can change the morphology of the materials in a controlled manner and tailor their mechanical, structural, optical and electrical properties. Irradiation induced modifications in the properties of nanomaterials can be exploited for many useful applications. With the aim of getting better performance of electronic devices, it is necessary to discuss the irradiation induced changes in the nanomaterials. In order to improve the irradiation hardness of electronic components, it is also crucial to have a fundamental understanding of the impact of the irradiation on the defect states and transport properties of the host material. In the present article, we review some recent advances on the irradiation induced effects on the properties of semiconducting nanomaterials. We have reviewed the effect of different types of irradiations which includes γ-irradiation, electron beam irradiation, laser irradiation, swift heavy ion irradiations, thermal induced, and optical induced irradiations, etc. on the various properties of semiconducting nanomaterials. In addition, the irradiation induced defects are also discussed.
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Kinoshita, Hisao, Benfu Hu, and H. Takahashi. "Effect of Helium and Aging Treatment on Radiation Damage Behavior in Low Activation Fe-Cr-Mn (W, V) Alloy." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 1455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.1455.

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The effects of helium and aging treatment on radiation damage behavior in low activation Fe-Cr-Mn ( W, V) alloy were investigated by electron and helium ion dual-beam irradiation in a high voltage electron microscope. Specimens were aged at 673 K, 823 K and 923 K for 1000, 3000 and 10000 hours. Electron and He ion dual-beam irradiations were performed at 627 K to 10 dpa. M23C6 type carbides were precipitated in the aged specimens, and the amount of the precipitates was increased with increasing aging temperature and aging time. He bubbles were formed during dual-beam irradiation in all of the specimens. The cavity swelling under dual-beam irradiations was increased with increasing the aging temperature and aging time. It was suggested that cavity swelling is closely related to the concentration of solutes such as Cr and C in the matrix, namely cavity growth rate becomes higher with decreasing of the solutes in solution.
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Niwase, Keisuke. "Self-Organized Nanostructures Generated on Metal Surfaces under Electron Irradiation." Quantum Beam Science 5, no. 1 (2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/qubs5010004.

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Irradiation of high-energy electrons can produce surface vacancies on the exit surface of thin foils by the sputtering of atoms. Although the sputtering randomly occurs in the area irradiated with an intense electron beam of several hundred nanometers in diameter, characteristic topographic features can appear under irradiation. This paper reviews a novel phenomenon on a self-organization of nanogrooves and nanoholes generated on the exit surface of thin metal foils irradiated with high doses of 360–1250 keV electrons. The phenomenon was discovered firstly for gold irradiated at temperatures about 100 K, which shows the formation of grooves and holes with widths between 1 and 2 nm. Irradiation along [001] produces grooves extending along [100] and [010], irradiation along [011] gives grooves along [100], whereas no clear grooves have been observed for [111] irradiations. By contrast, nanoholes, which may reach depths exceeding 20 nm, develop mainly along the beam direction. The formation of the nanostructures depends on the irradiation temperatures, exhibiting an existence of a critical temperature at about 240 K, above which the width significantly increases, and the density decreases. Nanostructures formed for silver, copper, nickel, and iron were also investigated. The self-organized process was discussed in terms of irradiation-induced effects.
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Roy, T., K. Sickafus, F. W. Clinard, and T. E. Mitchell. "Electron radiation damage in YBa2Cu3O7." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 184–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100152896.

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Some potential applications of high temperature superconductors involve radiation environments with possible deleterious effects on properties. In addition, radiation introduces point defects and defect clusters which could possibly pin flux lines and raise the critical current density. The present research was undertaken to characterize the damage produced by electrons in situ by TEM.Thin specimens of YBa2Cu3O7 were prepared either by crushing or by ion-milling. Irradiations and observations were performed in either a Philips EM400T at 120kV, a Philips CM30 at 300kV, or a JEM2000EX at 200kV.The main effect of electron irradiation is to cause the fading of the twins which are ubiquitous in YBa2Cu3O7 (Fig. 1). The twins themselves are the result of the tetragonal-to-orthohombic phase transformation and represent regions in which the Cu-O chains (and oxygen vacancies) are ordered along either of the a axes of the original tetragonal cell.
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Provost, J., Ch Simon, M. Hervieu, et al. "Swift, Heavy Ions in Insulating and Conducting Oxides: Tracks and Physical Properties." MRS Bulletin 20, no. 12 (1995): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400045863.

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Transition metal oxides belong to the class of iono-covalent materials in which electrons are, to first order, localized in tight metal-oxygen bonds. They appear to be quite different from classical metals in which electrons are assumed to be delocalized in a free electron gas. Nevertheless, due to exchange interactions and hybridization of atomic orbitals, oxides exhibit many interesting physical properties like magnetic ordering and various electron transport properties that extend from wide gap insulators to narrow band conductors and high-temperature superconducting (HTS) superconductors. This class of materials appears well-suited to the study of the damage induced by heavy ion irradiation and its consequence on physical properties like electrical resistivity.In this article, we will describe the results of heavy ion irradiations in magnetic oxides, exhibiting a wide palette of electron transport properties from insulators to metals through hopping semiconductors and in HTS copper oxides that are narrow-band metals above Tc. We will show that heavy ion irradiation, in addition to disordering matter, can induce changes in some physical properties like magnetic ordering and orientation of magnetic fields, and can produce large increases of the critical current. To account for these results, the thermal spike model will be considered as a possible way to understand the damage creation in iono-covalent compounds.
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Abdullah, Yusof, Anati Syahirah Hedzir, Nurul Fadzlin Hasbullah, Norasmahan Muridan, Cik Rohaida Che Hak, and Sarimah Mahat. "Radiation Damage Study of Electrical Properties in GaN LEDs Diode after Electron Irradiation." Materials Science Forum 888 (March 2017): 348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.888.348.

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Nitride-based light emitting diodes (LEDs) is an attractive material due to its high temperature tolerance and suitable to be used in extreme environment. The irradiation process of Gallium Nitride (GaN) diode was carried out by electron irradiation with 1000 kGy and 1500 kGy doses with a conveyor speed of 50 kGy per pass. Capacitance-voltage (C-V) and current-voltage (I-V) characterization for both pre and post irradiation samples was done. Both current and capacitance show decreasing while reverse leakage current increased after irradiation. The reverse leakage current revealed that the current were start leakage at 1.0 x10 -7 A and 1.0 x10-9 A for 1000 kGy and 1500 kGy irradiations respectively. The current-voltage graph indicated that the effect of electron irradiation on diode produced weak spots as defect cause leakage current. The traps and bulk defect is believed to contributed to the leakage current increased.
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Liu, Yang, Tengfei Zhu, Jianxi Yao, and Xiaoping Ouyang. "Simulation of Radiation Damage for Silicon Drift Detector." Sensors 19, no. 8 (2019): 1767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19081767.

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Silicon drift detector with high sensitivity and energy resolution is an advanced detector which is suitable to be used in deep space detection. To study and reveal the radiation damage of the silicon drift detector (SDD) in a deep-space environment, which will degrade the detector performance, in this paper, the SDD radiation damage effects and mechanics, including displacement damage and ionization damage, for irradiations of different energy of neutrons and gammas are investigated using Geant4 simulation. The results indicate the recoil atoms distribution generated by neutrons in SDD is uniform, and recoil atoms’ energy is mainly in the low energy region. For secondary particles produced by neutron irradiation, a large energy loss in inelastic scattering and fission reactions occur, and neutron has a significant nuclear reaction. The energy deposition caused by gammas irradiation is linear with the thickness of SDD; the secondary electron energy distribution produced by gamma irradiation is from several eV to incident particle energy. As the scattering angle of secondary electron increases, the number of secondary electrons decreases. Therefore, a reasonable detector epitaxial thickness should be set in the anti-irradiation design of SDD.
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Eridon, James, Gary S. Was, and Lynn Rehn. "A thermodynamic and kinetic basis for understanding metastable phase formation during ion-beam mixing of nickel-aluminum alloys." Journal of Materials Research 3, no. 4 (1988): 626–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1988.0626.

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A quantitative thermodynamic explanation for the formation of metastable phases in the nickel-aluminum alloy system through heavy-ion irradiation is presented. The role of kinetics in the transformation to a metastable state is also investigated. Experiments involved the irradiation of both layered nickel-aluminum samples and ordered intermetallic compounds with 500 keV krypton ions over a range of temperatures and compositions. Samples were formed by alternate evaporation of layers of nickel and aluminum. A portion of these samples was subsequently annealed to form intermetallic compounds. Irradiations were performed at both room temperature and 80 K using the 2 MV ion accelerator at Argonne National Laboratory. Phase transformations were observed during both in situ irradiations in the high-voltage electron microscope at Argonne and also in subsequent electron diffraction analyses of an array of irradiated samples. Metastable phases formed included disordered crystalline structures, an amorphous structure, and a hexagonal-close-packed structure. These phase structures were modeled using the embedded atom method to compute heats of transformation ΔHs–ms from stable to metastablestates. It was found that metastable states that have moderate heats of transformation, ΔHs–ms ≍ 15%–20% of the heat of formation of the stable phase, form under irradiation. Metastable states with high heats of transformation, ΔHs–ms ≍ 50% of the heat of formation of the stable phase, do not form under irradiation. Kinetics also play an important role in determining the effect of temperature and initial structure on the formation of metastable phases.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electron irradiations"

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Mats, V. O., O. M. Morozov, V. G. Kulish, V. I. Zhurba, O. V. Mats, and S. V. Ivanova. "Effects of Cold Deformation and Electron Irradiations on Deuterium Desorption Temperature Range from Zr – 1 %Nb Alloy." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35123.

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The explored warm-up ranges of desorption ion-implanted deuterium from Zr – 1 %Nb alloy, with different structure: after crystallization from melt, plastic deformation and irradiations electron. Cool deformation under 300 K Zr – 1 %Nb alloy with degree   3.9 has allowed to reach the nanostructure conditions in alloy with average size crystallite d  61 nm, high three-dimensional concentration of the borders (~ 3,4 %) and significant level microstrain that in spectrum of thermodesorption ion-implanted deuterium was shown as additional low temperature area thermodesorption deuterium within the range of the temperature 770-1000 K. Irradiation electron to energy 10 MeV by fluence ~ 6 × 1017 cm – 2 has brought about active development of the revocable processes in nanostructure alloy: reduction of the average grain size d  58 nm, increase to concentrations of the borders (~ 8,8 %) and appearance additional peaks in spectrum of thermodesorption deuterium with the temperature 700 and 800 K and, accordingly, increase the warmup range desorption deuterium toward reduction of the temperature. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35123
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Parker, Kerry Ann. "Electron reconstruction and performance studies, search for a heavy Higgs boson decaying to four-leptons using the ATLAS detector, irradiations at the Birmingham Irradiation Facility for the HL-LHC." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14390/.

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Jacquelin, Camille. "Nanodéfauts formés sous irradiation aux électrons dans l’aluminium." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS570.

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Sous irradiation, les flux de particules (neutrons, ions, électrons) créent des défauts ponctuels (lacunes et interstitiels) qui génèrent des défauts étendus (boucles de dislocation, cavités) responsables de la fragilisation des matériaux. L'aluminium est un matériau de faible masse et de faible énergie seuil de déplacement (Ed=16-19 eV) ce qui permet de créer les nanodéfauts étendus directement sous irradiation aux électrons dans un microscope électronique à transmission haute résolution (HRMET). Cet instrument permet non seulement de caractériser finement les nanodéfauts mais également d'étudier leur évolution in situ sous irradiation, ceci en fonction de la température, du taux de dommage et d'une pression partielle d'hydrogène. Nous avons constaté un effet important de la pression partielle d'hydrogène sur la cinétique de formation des boucles de dislocation et des cavités. Parallèlement, nous avons mis en place une modélisation multi-échelle des effets de taille finie et de discrétisation du réseau sur la morphologie d'équilibre des cavités à partir de calculs ab initio des énergies de surface et de liaison de petits amas lacunaires et des amas mixtes lacune-hydrogène. La caractérisation expérimentale des morphologies des cavités en fonction de leur taille met en évidence trois formes régulières : une forme de croix bordée par des surfaces {100}, une forme d'octaèdre non tronqué bordée par des surfaces {111} et une forme d'octaèdre tronqué, bordée par les surfaces {111} et {100} ainsi qu'un effet de taille finie entre ces formes prédit par le modèle. De même, la mesure des fluctuations morphologiques d'une cavité au cours de sa croissance ou de sa décroissance en taille révèle le rôle déterminant des nombres magiques fixés par la géométrie et la discrétisation du réseau. A partir du modèle thermodynamique des cavités et d'une caractérisation expérimentale de la densité volumique et de la distribution en taille des nanodéfauts, nous proposons un modèle de germination des cavités sous irradiation. Nous en déduisons une taille du germe critique et un taux de germination des cavités en fonction de la température et du taux de dommage, qui sont comparés aux valeurs expérimentales correspondantes extraites des observations in situ. Enfin, nous discutons de l'effet de l'hydrogène sur la stabilité des amas mixtes lacune-hydrogène et sur la cinétique de germination des cavités<br>Under irradiation, flows of particles (neutrons, ions, electrons) induce ponctual defects (vacancies and interstitials) which generate extended defects (dislocation loops, cavities) that are responsible for materials weakening. Aluminum is a low mass material with a low displacement energy (Ed=16-19 eV) which allows the creation of extended defects directly under electron irradiation in a high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). This instrument allows not only a fine characterization of nanodefects but also to study their evolution in situ under irradiation, depending on temperature, damage rate and a partial pressure of hydrogen. We noticed an important effect of the hydrogen partial pressure on the kinetic of formation of the cavities and dislocation loops. Simultaneously, we developped a multiscale modelisation of finite size effets and structure discretisation on equilibrium shapes of cavities based on binding and surface energies determined by ab initio calculation of small vacancy clusters and mixted hydrogen vacancy clusters. Experimental characterization of cavity shapes according to the cavity radius reveals three regular shapes : a cross shape bounded by {100} surfaces, an octahedral non-truncated shape bounded by {111} surfaces and an octahedral truncated shape, bounded by {100} and {111} surfaces as well as the determination of a finite size effect predicted by the model. Also, measurements of cavity shape dispersion during its growth and decrease showed a dominant effet of magic numbers, fixed by geometry and frustration of the structure. Based on a thermodynamic model and a fine experimental characterization of volumic density, we propose a nucleation model of cavities under irradiation. We deduce from this model a critical cluster size and a rate of cavity nucleation depending of temperature and damage, which are compared to the corresponding experimental values extracted from in situ observations. Finally, we discuss the effect of hydrogen on the stability of vacancy-hydrogen clusters and on the kinteic of cavity nucleation
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Cluzel, Romain. "Étude de la passivation du silicium dans des conditions d'irradiation électronique de faible énergie." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00564215.

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L'illumination par la face arrière amincie des imageurs CMOS est une des voies étudiées pour accroître le rapport signal à bruit et ainsi la sensibilité de ce capteur. Or cette configuration est adaptée à la détection des électrons dans la gamme d'énergie [[1 ; 12 keV]. L'électron incident crée, par multiplication, plusieurs centaines d'électrons secondaires, proche de la surface. Une couche de passivation par surdopage P++ de la face arrière est nécessaire afin de réduire le nombre de recombinaisons de surface des électrons. Par effet de champ électrique, la couche de passivation augmente le nombre de charges collectées, et ainsi le gain de collection du capteur. L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer des moyens de caractérisation pour déterminer in situ les performances sur le gain de collection de six procédés de passivation. Préalablement, le profil de dépôt d'énergie de l'électron incident est étudié au moyen d'une simulation Monte-Carlo puis d'un modèle analytique. Un modèle associé du gain de collection indique qu'à forte énergie, l'effet miroir de la passivation est déterminant tandis qu'à faible énergie, l'épaisseur de la passivation est un facteur clef. Une première expérience d'irradiation de diodes étendues P++=N permet de dégager l'influence du procédé de passivation sur les recombinaisons de surface. Grâce à une seconde caractérisation de type < événement unique >, directement sur capteur CMOS aminci, les passivations sont discriminées quant à leur effet miroir et l'étalement de la charge qu'elles induisent. Le recuit laser d'activation des dopants peut s'avérer une source d'inhomogénéités du gain sur la surface de la matrice
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Michaut, Bertrand. "Caractérisation et modélisation de l'évolution de la microstructure et du gonflement d'aciers austénitiques représentatifs des internes inférieurs de Réacteur à Eau Pressurisée sous irradiations aux ions." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS046/document.

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Le contexte industriel actuel, animé d'un désir de prolonger la durée de fonctionnement des Réacteurs à Eau Pressurisée (REP) jusqu'à des durées de 60 ans, nécessite la compréhension de l'évolution de la microstructure et notamment d'un éventuel gonflement en conditions REP. Deux nuances de 304 (haut et bas carbone), représentatives des internes inférieurs de REP, ont été irradiées aux ions depuis les faibles doses jusqu'à des doses supérieures à la centaine de dpa, à 450°C (proche des conditions REP par la prise en compte d’un décalage flux/température), ainsi qu'à une dose intermédiaire à plus haute température 550°C. Sur la base des résultats expérimentaux des modélisations par dynamique d’amas avec le code CRESCENDO ont été réalisées afin d’étudier l’évolution de la microstructure.Les microstructures de boucles de Frank, du réseau de dislocations, des cavités et de la précipitation ont été caractérisées par Microscopie Électronique en Transmission (MET) à chacune des doses et par Sonde Atomique Tomographique (SAT) à 100 dpa. À 450°C, les conditions d’irradiations conduisent à une saturation du réseau de dislocations et des boucles de Frank, les cavités sont en faible densité induisant une fraction volumique faible (&lt;0,1%) même dans la nuance bas carbone plus sensible au gonflement. La précipitation observée est principalement composée de carbures. En plus de l’évolution avec la dose, cette étude a permis d’analyser les effets de températures, de composition chimique et d’irradiation aux ions.Un jeu de paramètres d’entrée permettant de modéliser l’évolution de la microstructure avec la dose et le long du profil de dommage a été établi. Par modélisation il a été étudié les effets des interstitiels injectés, de la surface d’irradiation ou de la modification de l’efficacité des cascades avec la profondeur d’irradiation<br>The French nuclear industry is looking into the extension of the operation time of pressurized water reactors (PWR) up to 60 years. This implies a good comprehension of the microstructural evolution under irradiation in Pressurized Water Reactors’ conditions.Two representatives stainless steels from PWR’s internals, 304 type steels, which differ in carbon content, has been irradiated form low to high doses (more than 100 dpa) at 450°C, irradiation at a second temperature (550°C) has also been performed at an intermediate dose. The choice of the temperature (450°C) was motivated by considering a temperature shift between neutron and ion irradiations due to their large difference in term of dose rate.The microstructural evolution has been characterized by transmitted electron microscopy on each conditions and by atom probe on highest irradiated samples. And modelling of the microstructure was performed using cluster dynamics code CRESCENDO.For both steels, at 450°C the dislocation network and Frank loops reach a saturation regime. As the cavity size and density are low the volume fraction is also low, even in the low carbon content steels, which is more favorable to swelling. The precipitation is mainly carbides. The effects of temperature, chemical composition and of ion irradiation were also investigated.Based on experimental results, a set of parameters which reproduces the evolution of the microstructure in respect to the dose and the depth of observation has been established. It has allowed to understand the effects of the irradiated surface, the injected interstitials and a possible evolution of the cascade efficiency along the damage profile
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Shaibani, S. J. "Electron irradiation damage of spinal." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371580.

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Bauer, Cletus P. "Electron irradiation n type cadmium telluride." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/21306.

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Marpe, Mario [Verfasser], and Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Wucher. "The influence of internal and external electric fields on the transport of energetic electrons induced by electron irradiation in metal-insulator-metal nanostructures / Mario Marpe ; Betreuer: Andreas Wucher." Duisburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1162056584/34.

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Reynard, Eric P. "Rotational total skin electron irradiation (RTSEI) with a 6 MeV electron linear accelerator." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101800.

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The rotational total skin electron irradiation technique at the McGill University Health Centre has undergone several developments over the past few years. Replacement of the formerly used linear accelerator has prompted many modifications to the previously reported technique. With the current technique, the patient is treated while standing on a rotating platform, with a single large field at a source to surface distance of 378 cm. The electron field is produced by a Varian 21EX linear accelerator using the commercially developed 6 MeV high dose rate total skin electron mode, along with a custom-built flattening filter. Ionization chambers, radiochromic film, and MOSFET detectors have all been used to confirm the dosimetric properties of this technique. Measurements investigating the stationary beam properties, the effects of full rotation, and the dose distributions to a humanoid phantom are reported. In addition, comparisons with commonly-used stationary beam treatment alternatives are presented.
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Bedson, Thomas Robert. "Nanostructure fabrication using electron beam irradiation of organometallic compounds." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369333.

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Books on the topic "Electron irradiations"

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Weinberg, Irving. Effects of electron and proton irradiations on n/p and p/n GaAs cells grown by MOCVD. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1987.

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P, Bauer Cletus. Electron irradiation n type cadmium telluride. Naval Postgraduate School, 1985.

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Motta, A. T. Amorphization kinetics of Zr3Fe under electron irradiation. Chalk River Laboratories, 1994.

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Rojas, Isabela Medina. Air pollution control of trace contaminants using electron beam irradiation. National Library of Canada, 1999.

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executive, Health and safety. Safety in the design and use of gamma and electron irradiation facilities. HSE Books, 1993.

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Connors, Sean Mark. Effects of high energy electron irradiation on a YBaCu0- high temperature superconductor. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991.

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Morrison, Rosanna Mentzer. An economic analysis of electron accelerators and cobalt-60 for irradiating food. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1989.

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Morrison, Rosanna Mentzer. An economic analysis of electron accelerators and cobalt-60 for irradiating food. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1989.

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Morrison, Rosanna Mentzer. An economic analysis of electron accelerators and cobalt-60 for irradiating food. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1989.

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Radiation sterilization for health care products: X-ray, gamma, and electron beam. CRC Press, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Electron irradiations"

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Markevich, V. P., A. R. Peaker, L. I. Murin, et al. "Electronic Properties and Thermal Stability of Defects Induced by MeV Electron/Ion Irradiations in Unstrained Germanium and SiGe Alloys." In Solid State Phenomena. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-13-2.253.

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Nag, Subir, Christopher G. Willett, Leonard L. Gunderson, Louis B. Harrison, Felipe A. Calvo, and Peter Biggs. "IORT with Electron-Beam, High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy or Low-KV/Electronic Brachytherapy: Methodological Comparisons." In Intraoperative Irradiation. Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-015-7_6.

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Gieschen, Holger L., Christopher G. Willett, John Donohue, et al. "Electron or Orthovoltage IORT for Retroperitoneal Sarcomas." In Intraoperative Irradiation. Humana Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-696-6_18.

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McCullough, Edwin C., and Peter J. Biggs. "Physical Aspects of Intraoperative Electron-Beam Irradiation." In Intraoperative Irradiation. Humana Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-696-6_3.

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Biggs, Peter, Christopher G. Willett, Harm Rutten, Mario Ciocca, Leonard L. Gunderson, and Felipe A. Calvo. "Intraoperative Electron Beam Irradiation: Physics and Techniques." In Intraoperative Irradiation. Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-015-7_3.

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Nag, Subir, Leonard L. Gunderson, Christopher G. Willett, Louis B. Harrison, and Felipe A. Calvo. "Intraoperative Irradiation with Electron-Beam or High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy." In Intraoperative Irradiation. Humana Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-696-6_7.

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Banhart, Florian. "Electron and Ion Irradiation." In In-Situ Electron Microscopy. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527652167.ch5.

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Thwaites, David, Alan McKenzie, and W. P. M. Mayles. "Total Skin Electron Irradiation." In Handbook of Radiotherapy Physics, 2nd ed. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429201493-49.

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Kraus-Tiefenbacher, Uta, Peter Biggs, Jayant Vaidya, and Dario Francescatti. "Electronic Brachytherapy/Low KV-IORT: Physics and Techniques." In Intraoperative Irradiation. Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-015-7_5.

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Orecchia, Roberto, Giovanni B. Ivaldi, and Maria C. Leonardi. "APBI Intraoperative Technique with Electrons." In Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88006-6_20.

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Conference papers on the topic "Electron irradiations"

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Bhoraskar, V. N. "Device properties following MeV heavy ion, electron and neutron irradiations." In The fourteenth international conference on the application of accelerators in research and industry. AIP, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.52685.

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Lei, X. L., and S. Y. Liu. "Phase-sensitive magnetoresistance oscillations induced by commensurate bichromatic irradiations in 2D electron systems." In 2014 39th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz waves (IRMMW-THz). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz.2014.6956356.

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Curtis, H. B., and R. E. Hart. "Performance of GaAs concentrator cells under electron irradiations from 0.4 to 2.3 MeV." In Conference Record of the Twentieth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. IEEE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.1988.105858.

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Chen, Y., W.-Y. Chen, A. S. Rao, et al. "Fracture Resistance of Cast Austenitic Stainless Steels." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60736.

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Cast austenitic stainless steels (CASS) possess excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties and are used alongside with wrought stainless steels (SS) in light water reactors for primary pressure boundaries and reactor core internal components. In contrast to the fully austenitic microstructure of wrought SS, CASS alloys consist of a dual-phase microstructure of delta ferrite and austenite. The delta ferrite is critical for the service performance since it improves the strength, weldability, corrosion resistance, and soundness of CASS alloys. On the other hand, the delta ferrite is also vulnerable to embrittlement when exposed to reactor service temperatures and fast neutron irradiations. In this study, the combined effect of thermal aging and neutron irradiation on the degradation of CASS alloys was investigated. Neutron-irradiated CASS specimens with and without prior thermal aging were tested in simulated light water reactor environments for crack growth rate and fracture toughness. Miniature compact-tension specimens of CF-3 and CF-8 alloys were tested to evaluate the extent of embrittlement resulting from thermal aging and neutron irradiation. The materials used are static casts containing more than 23% delta ferrite. Some specimens were thermally aged at 400 °C for 10,000 hours prior to the neutron irradiation to simulate thermal aging embrittlement. Both the unaged and aged specimens were irradiated at ∼320°C to a low displacement damage dose of 0.08 dpa. Crack growth rate and fracture toughness J-integral resistance curve tests were carried out on the irradiated and unirradiated control samples in simulated light water reactor environments with low corrosion potentials. While no elevated crack propagation rates were detected in the test environments, significant reductions in fracture toughness were observed after either thermal aging or neutron irradiation. The loss of fracture toughness due to neutron irradiation seemed more evident in the samples without prior thermal aging. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) examination was carried out on the thermally aged and neutron irradiated specimens. The result showed that both neutron irradiation and thermal aging can induce significant changes in the delta ferrite. A high density of G-phase precipitates was observed with TEM in the thermally aged specimens, consistent with previous results. Similar precipitate microstructures were also observed in the neutron-irradiated specimens with or without prior thermal aging. A more extensive precipitate microstructure can be seen in the samples subjected to both thermal aging and neutron irradiation. The similar precipitate microstructures resulting from thermal aging and neutron irradiation are consistent with the fracture toughness results, suggesting a common microstructural origin of the observed embrittlement after thermal aging and neutron irradiation.
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Riffaud, J., V. Griseri, and L. Berquez. "Pulsed Electro-Acoustic measurements under electronic irradiation using a contactless upper electrode." In 2015 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena - (CEIDP). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ceidp.2015.7352105.

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Riffaud, J., V. Griseri, and L. Berquez. "Continuous Pulsed Electro Acoustic measurements during electronic irradiation." In 2016 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ceidp.2016.7785592.

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Vallabhaneni, Ajit K., James Loy, Dhruv Singh, Xiulin Ruan, and Jayathi Murthy. "A Study of Spatially-Resolved Non-Equilibrium in Laser-Irradiated Graphene Using Boltzmann Transport Equation." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-66095.

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Raman spectroscopy is typically used to characterize graphene in experiments and also to measure properties like thermal conductivity and optical phonon lifetime. The laser-irradiation processes underlying this measurement technique include coupling between photons, electrons and phonons. Recent experimental studies have shown that e-ph scattering limits the performance of graphene-based electronic devices due to the difference in their timescales of relaxation resulting in various bottleneck effects. Furthermore, recently published thermal conductivity measurements on graphene are sensitive to the laser spot size which strengthens the possibility of non-equilibrium between various phonon groups. These studies point to the need to study the spatially-resolved non-equilibrium between various energy carriers in graphene. In this work, we demonstrate non-equilibrium in the e-ph interactions in graphene by solving the linearized electron and phonon Boltzmann transport equations (BTE) iteratively under steady state conditions. We start by assuming that all the electrons equilibrate rapidly to an elevated temperature under laser-irradiation and they gradually relax by phonon emission and reach a steady state. The electron and phonon BTEs are coupled because the e-ph scattering rate depends on the phonon population while the rate of phonon generation depends on the e-ph scattering rate. We used density-functional theory/density-functional perturbation theory (DFT/DFPT) to calculate the electronic eigen states, phonon frequencies and the e-ph coupling matrix elements. We calculated the rate of energy loss from the hot electrons in terms of the phonon generation rate (PGR) which serve as an input for solving the BTE. Likewise, ph-ph relaxation times are calculated from the anharmonic lattice dynamics (LD)/FGR. Through our work, we obtained the spatially resolved temperature profiles of all the relevant energy carriers throughout the entire domain; these are impossible to obtain through experiments.
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Goundar, Jowesh Avisheik, Qiao Xiangyu, Ken Suzuki, and Hideo Miura. "Improvement in Photosensitivity of Dumbbell-Shaped Graphene Nanoribbon Structures by Using Asymmetric Metallization Technique." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-69917.

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Abstract The existence of Schottky barrier between the semiconductive graphene nanoribbon (GNR) and the metallic electrodes at its both ends causes a major hurdle in the development of GNR based devices. Here, a dumbbell-shape GNR structure was proposed to solve the problem. This structure consisted of a semiconductive GNR and wide metallic GNR at both ends. The ohmic contact between the wide metallic GNR and metallic electrode was easily achieved. Furthermore, an effective mechanism to enhance electronic band properties of the dumbbell-shape GNR structure by using asymmetric metallization technique is employed. To achieve this, two different metallic electrodes were introduced, Platinum (Pt) and Titanium (Ti), at each end of the GNR channel to break the symmetry in the Schottky barrier at both ends. The asymmetric difference in the Schottky barrier at the electrode/GNR interface at each ends allows for an efficient directional flow of electrons, effectively separating the photo-generated carriers. The individual contributions at each electrode/GNR interface were summed up resulting in a larger absolute photo-induced current. The electron transfer characteristics of the DS-GNR-FET was studied under an irradiation of a light source with a wavelength of 632.8-nm at room temperature. The developed 70-nm DSGNR-FET showed a significantly larger and enhanced photosensitivity of about 1.6 × 107 A/W.m2 as compared to the device fabricated with identical metallic electrodes as the source and drain electrodes.
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Paulmier, T., B. Dirassen, M. Arnaout, D. Payan, and N. Balcon. "Electric properties of space used polymers under high energy electron irradiation." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Solid Dielectrics (ICSD). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsd.2013.6619845.

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Asari, Naoki, Yo Sasaki, Tetsu Shioiri, Junnichi Sato, and Mitsutaka Homma. "Breakdown characteristics of CuCr electrode after electron beam irradiation in vacuum." In 2011 1st International Conference on Electric Power Equipment - Switching Technology (ICEPE-ST). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icepe-st.2011.6122945.

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Reports on the topic "Electron irradiations"

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Chemerisov, S., J. Bailey, T. Heltemes, et al. Results of four one-day electron-accelerator irradiations of enriched Mo-100 targets for the production of Mo-99. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1342160.

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Summers, Wesley I. Electron Irradiation-Induced Defects in AlxGa1-xAs. Defense Technical Information Center, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada200409.

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Devanathan, R., W. J. Weber, and L. A. Boatner. Response of zircon to electron and Ne{sup +} irradiation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/564254.

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Kroc, Thomas K. A Compact Superconducting RF Accelerator for Electron Beam and X-Ray Irradiation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1508020.

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Marra, J. C., N. E. Bibler, J. R. Harbour, and M. H. Tosten. Transmission electron microscopy of simulated DWPF high level nuclear waste glasses following gamma irradiation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10142979.

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Hau-Riege, S., R. London, R. Bionta, et al. Damage threshold of inorganic solids under free-electron-laser irradiation at 32.5 nm wavelength. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/924009.

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Baranwal, R. and Burke, M. G. Transmission electron microscopy of oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) molybdenum: effects of irradiation on material microstructure. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/938973.

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Billone, Michael C., Jakub P. Dobrzynski, James L. Bailey, Roman Gromov, Charles D. Jonah, and Sergey D. Chemerisov. Effects of Electron Irradiation on Candidate Materials for Target Window in Accelerator-Driven Molybdenum-99 Production. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1493064.

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Billone, M., Y. Chen, R. Gromov, et al. Effects of Electron Irradiation on Candidate Materials for Target Window in Accelerator-Driven Mo-99 Production. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1855828.

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Chemerisov, Sergey, R. Gromov, Vakhtang Makarashvili, et al. Experimental Results for Direct Electron Irradiation of a Uranyl Sulfate Solution: Bubble Formation and Thermal Hydraulics Studies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1234216.

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