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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Electron probe microanalysis EPMA

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Academic literature on the topic 'Electron probe microanalysis EPMA'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 19 October 2024

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Electron probe microanalysis EPMA"

1

Willich, Peter, and Kirsten Schiffmann. "Electron probe microanalysis of borophosphosilicate coatings." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 2 (1990): 226–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100134739.

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Planarization and passivation of integrated circuits by use of borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG) is of considerable technological interest. BPSG is prepared by chemical vapour deposition and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) offers the possibility of non-destructive characterization in respect of composition and film thickness. Particular difficulties of EPMA are due to the insulating character of BPSG in combination with the demand for analysis of ultra-light elements (B and O). However, EPMA of BPSG also demonstrates the accuracy of recent bulk and thin film data processing when based on re

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Lakis, Rollin E., Charles E. Lyman, and Joseph I. Goldstein. "Electron-probe microanalysis of porous materials." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 2 (1992): 1660–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100132935.

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Conventional electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) requires solid, flat-polished specimens, and similarly prepared standards of known composition. Unfortunately, an increasing number of technologically important materials are particulate in nature and contain significant porosity. Supported heterogeneous catalysts are an important example. Many catalysts of industrial importance consist of a number of active metals and promoters dispersed in a porous (50% theoretical density, 200 m2/g surface area) ceramic support material. It is of great practical interest to determine the concentration and pre

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Merlet, C., X. Llovet, S. Segui, J. M. Fernández-Varea, and F. Salvat. "Ionization Cross Sections for Quantitative Electron Probe Microanalysis." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (2001): 672–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600029433.

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Quantitative procedures in electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) require the knowledge of various atomic parameters, the most fundamental of which is the ionization cross section. A number of semi-empirical, approximate analytical formulas have been proposed to calculate the ionization cross section. The simplicity of these formulas makes them suitable for quantitative EPMA procedures. However, it is difficult to assess their reliability because of the lack of accurate experimental data. Indeed, inspection of currently available data reveals that they are still scarce for many elements and, when

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Goresh, S. "Industrial Applications of Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA)." Microscopy and Microanalysis 17, S2 (2011): 616–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927611003953.

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Somlyo, A. P., and Avril V. Somlyo. "Electron Probe Analysis and Cell Physiology." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 43 (August 1985): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100117169.

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Electron probe x-ray microanalysis (EPMA) of rapidly frozen tissues is a uniquely powerful method for dealing with a large class of general problems in cell physiology, as it is suitable for measuring, under direct vision, the elemental composition of cells and cell organelles. EPMA can reach a spatial resolution of at least 10nm, and its practically attainable sensitivity (for Ca) is 0.3mmol Ca/kg dry wt. Therefore, the composition of mitochondria and of other organelles, as small as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), can be quantitated with EPMA. The most extensive applications of EPMA to cell

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Matthews, Mike B., Ben Buse, and Stuart L. Kearns. "Electron Probe Microanalysis Through Coated Oxidized Surfaces." Microscopy and Microanalysis 25, no. 05 (2019): 1112–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927619014715.

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AbstractLow voltage electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) of metals can be complicated by the presence of a surface oxide. If a conductive coating is applied, analysis becomes one of a three-layer structure. A method is presented which allows for the coating and oxide thicknesses and the substrate intensities to be determined. By restricting the range of coating and oxide thicknesses, tc and to respectively, x-ray intensities can be parameterized using a combination of linear functions of tc and to. tc can be determined from the coating element k-ratio independently of the oxide thickness. to ca

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Ro, Chul-Un. "Quantitative energy-dispersive electron probe X-ray microanalysis of individual particles." Powder Diffraction 21, no. 2 (2006): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.2204068.

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An electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA) technique using an energy-dispersive X-ray detector with an ultrathin window, designated low-Z particle EPM, has been developed. The low-Z particle EPMA allows the quantitative determination of concentrations of low-Z elements, such as C, N, and O, as well as higher-Z elements that can be analyzed by conventional energy-dispersive EPMA. The quantitative determination of low-Z elements (using full Monte Carlo simulations, from the electron impact to the X-ray detection) in individual environmental particles has improved the applicability of single-pa

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Somlyo, Avril V., and Andrew P. Somlyo. "Electron probe x-ray microanalysis of subcellular ion transport in situ." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 1 (1992): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100120485.

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Electron probe x ray microanalysis [EPMA] provides quantitative information within a single spectrum about elements of biological interest with atomic number of 11 or greater. Therefore, the transport of ions and their accompanying co and counter ions across organelle membranes can be studied in situ by sampling within and adjacent to the intracellular organelle of interest under resting and stimulated conditions.EPMA is based on the fact that the ionization of atoms by fast electrons generates x rays having energies characteristic of the excited atoms. The interaction of incident fast electro

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Robertson, Vernon. "What Are the Advantages of a FE-EPMA or FE-SEM (Even When Not Analyzing Submicron Features at Low kV and High Beam Current)?" Microscopy Today 31, no. 6 (2023): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mictod/qaad080.

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Abstract Field emission electron probe microanalyzers (EPMA) and scanning electron microscopes (SEM) have improved in both the hardware and software. They have become workhorse instruments for imaging secondary (SE) and backscattered (BSE) electrons. Recent advancements in technology provide qualitative quantitative analysis and X-ray maps at lower kVs and higher beam current without significantly enlarging the beam diameter. On EPMAs and SEMs with W and LaB6 electron guns, spatial resolution for microanalysis was ∼1 micron. Now, with field emission (FE) guns, resolution of 300 nm for quantita

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Takahashi, Hideyuki, Toshiaki Suzuki, and Charles Nielsen. "Application Ofthinfilm Method to Electronic Probe Microanalysis (EPMA)." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (2001): 686–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600029500.

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Usually, in electron probe microanalysis, the X-ray diffusion range is around lμm on the sample surface. For this reason, the maximum useful magnification of X-ray image seems to be limited to a few thousand times. The X-ray diffusion on the \im order takes place in the bulk sample. However, when a sample is cut to a thin film, it is likely that the X-ray diffusion range will be made smaller, and it is also possible to observe very a narrow area X-ray image at higher magnification. The thin film method is a sampling technique used often in transmission electron microscopy. The microtome method

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electron probe microanalysis EPMA"

1

CHO, Deung-Lyong, Mi-Jung JEEN, and Takenori KATO. "Validation of physical parameters in quantitative electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) Part I : mass attenuation coefficients." Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nagoya University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20540.

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CHO, Deung-Lyong, Mi-Jung JEEN, and Takenori KATO. "Validation of physical parameters in quantitative electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) Part II : mean ionization potential." Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nagoya University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20541.

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Suzuki, Kazuhiro, Takenori Kato, 和博鈴木 та 丈典加藤. "CHIMEの現状と稼働状況(2009年)". 名古屋大学年代測定資料研究センター, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14738.

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Schweizer, Pia. "Analyse et quantification du lithium par le développement d'un dispositif innovant de spectrométrie et microanalyse X." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS207.pdf.

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L'analyse quantitative du lithium est aujourd'hui possible, mais repose sur l'usage de techniques destructives. Une analyse quantitative locale non-destructive est encore difficile à mettre en œuvre par les méthodes spectroscopiques classiques de laboratoire. Cette thèse vise à développer un dispositif innovant de quantification du lithium par microsonde électronique. L'implémentation d'une multicouche périodique et de fenêtres de séparation ultra fines dans un spectromètre de la microsonde de Castaing a permis la spectrométrie dans la gamme des très faibles énergies de photons X et ainsi la m

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Langlois, Jean. "The electron probe x-ray microanalysis of the adult mammalian cardiac muscle." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6568.

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The main objective of this project was to master the electron probe x-ray microanalysis technique to permit one to obtain physiologically meaningful quantitative elemental profiles (Na, Cl, K, P, Mg, Ca & S) for the components of a given cell. The techniques which had to be mastered were: preparation of mammalian (rat) cardiac muscle; 'rapid' cryofixation using a Reichert-Jung MM80E 'impact freezer'; cryosectioning using a Reichert-Jung FC4 cryoultramicrotome; transfer and freeze-drying; electron probe x-rays collection using the EDAX 9100 Series Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis Systems attach

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Wroblewski, Joanna. "Studies on chondrocyte differentiation in vivo and in vitro." Stockholm : Kongl Carolinska Medico Chirurgiska Institutet, 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/15730803.html.

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Suzuki, Kazuhiro, Takenori Kato, 和博鈴木 та 丈典加藤. "CHIMEの現状と稼働状況 (2011年)". 名古屋大学年代測定資料研究センター, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/18144.

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Suzuki, Kazuhiro, Takenori Kato, 和博鈴木 та 丈典加藤. "CHIMEの現状と稼働状況 (2010年)". 名古屋大学年代測定資料研究センター, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16512.

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9

Pinard, Philippe T. Verfasser], Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] [Mayer, Jochen M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Schneider, and Raynald [Akademischer Betreuer] Gauvin. "Electron probe microanalysis of carbon containing steels at a high spatial resolution / Philippe T. Pinard ; Joachim Mayer, Jochen Michael Schneider, Raynald Gauvin." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1156786452/34.

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Pinard, Philippe [Verfasser], Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Mayer, Jochen M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Schneider, and Raynald [Akademischer Betreuer] Gauvin. "Electron probe microanalysis of carbon containing steels at a high spatial resolution / Philippe T. Pinard ; Joachim Mayer, Jochen Michael Schneider, Raynald Gauvin." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1156786452/34.

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Books on the topic "Electron probe microanalysis EPMA"

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Zierold, Karl, and Herbert K. Hagler, eds. Electron Probe Microanalysis. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74477-8.

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2

Scott, V. D. Quantitative electron-probe microanalysis. 2nd ed. Ellis Horwood, 1995.

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3

Conference on "Progress of Electron Probe Microanalysis in Biology and Medicine" (1988 Schloss Ringberg). Electron probe microanalysis: Applications in biology and medicine. Springer-Verlag, 1989.

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Zierold, Karl. Electron Probe Microanalysis: Applications in Biology and Medicine. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989.

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5

E, Newbury Dale, ed. Advanced scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. Plenum Press, 1986.

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6

Conference, Microbeam Analysis Society. Microbeam analysis 1995: Proceedings of the 29th annual conference of the Microbeam Analysis Society, Breckenridge, Colorado, August 6-11, 1995. VCH Publishers, 1995.

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7

A, Konnert Judith, Wolpert Patrick J, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. JEOL 8900 Superprobe user's manual. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.

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8

Alekseev, B. V. Zondovyĭ metod diagnostiki plazmy. Ėnergoatomizdat, 1988.

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9

Morgan, A. John. X-ray microanalysis in electron microscopy for biologists. Oxford University Press Oxford [Oxfordshire], 1985.

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10

Wroblewski, Joanna. Studies on chondrocyte differentiation in vivo and in vitro. Kongl Carolinska Medico Chirurgiska Institutet, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Electron probe microanalysis EPMA"

1

Kearns, Stuart. "Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA)." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39193-9_251-1.

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Kearns, Stuart. "Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA)." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39312-4_251.

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3

Wilson, Clare A. "Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis (SEM-EPMA) Techniques." In Archaeological Soil and Sediment Micromorphology. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118941065.ch43.

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4

Roos, Norbert. "Specimen Preparation and Other Limitations in Quantitative Eletron Probe X-Ray Microanalysis (EPXMA) Using Ultrathin Sections." In Electron Probe Microanalysis. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74477-8_2.

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5

Sakamae, Hiroshi. "Electron Probe Microanalysis." In Compendium of Surface and Interface Analysis. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6156-1_24.

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6

Potts, P. J. "Electron probe microanalysis." In A Handbook of Silicate Rock Analysis. Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-3988-3_10.

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7

Reed, Stephen J. B. "Electron probe microanalysis." In Microprobe Techniques in the Earth Sciences. Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2053-5_2.

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Potts, P. J. "Electron probe microanalysis." In A Handbook of Silicate Rock Analysis. Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3270-5_10.

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Hall, T. A. "The History of Electron Probe Microanalysis in Biology." In Electron Probe Microanalysis. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74477-8_1.

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Joy, D. C., C. S. Joy, and D. A. Armstrong. "Resin Based Standards for Biological Energy Dispersive X-Ray and Electron Energy Loss Microanalysis." In Electron Probe Microanalysis. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74477-8_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Electron probe microanalysis EPMA"

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Maldonado, L., L. Diaz, H. Grübmaier, A. Naoumidis, and H. Nickel. "Alloying Element Diffusion in Alloy 800 H (UNS N08810) and Alloy 617 (UNS N06617)." In CORROSION 1996. NACE International, 1996. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1996-96423.

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Abstract Samples of alloy 800 H (UNS N08810) and alloy 617 (UNS N06617) were oxidized in a simulated process gas atmosphere. The principal elements of the gaseous environment were 50% H2O, 35% H2 and 5% of CO2, CO, and CH4, respectively. The experiments were carried out at temperatures from 850°C to 950°C for exposures ranging from 600 to 5000 hours. After the exposure, the alloy surfaces showed compact oxide layers, which resulted in a depleted zone of oxidizing elements in the substrate layer. Using Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA), concentration profiles and the extension of the depleted

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2

Brady, Michael P., Donovan N. Leonard, James R. Keiser, Ercan Cakmak, and Lysle E. Whitmer. "Degradation of Components after Exposure in a Biomass Pyrolysis System." In CORROSION 2019. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2019-13446.

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Abstract X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) with focused ion beam (FIB) lift-out sample preparation techniques were used to study corrosion products in a 304L (UNS30403) stainless steel fluidized-bed reactor segment from Iowa State University’s Pyrolysis Process Development Unit Facility (PPDU). This reactor segment is particularly valuable because a detailed history of operation time, temperature, and biomass feedstock was available. As previously reported for a range of stainless steel pyrolysis-related equipment

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Amano, T., N. Sakai, H. Isobe, and K. Sasaki. "The Effects of Reactive Element (Y, Hf) Additions on the Adherence of Alumina to an Fe-20Cr-4Al Alloy with Sulfur." In CORROSION 2001. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01155.

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Abstract The effects of reactive element (10, 300 and 3700 ppmY, 500, 1900 and 4300 ppmHf) additions on the adherence of alumina to an Fe-20Cr-4Al alloy with sulfur (185 ppmS) were studied in air or oxygen at 1373 K for 18, 360 and 1800 ks by mass-change measurements, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Oxide scales on the 185 ppmS and the 10 ppmY alloys spalled slightly after oxidation for 360 ks, and spalled from the entire surface after oxidation for 1800 ks. On the other hand, spalling of oxide scales from the other alloys p

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Nishimura, T., and S. Tamilselvi. "Corrosion Resistance of Si and Al Bearing Ultrafine Grained Weathering Steel in Saline Atmosphere." In CORROSION 2008. NACE International, 2008. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2008-08237.

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Abstract High Si and Al type ultrafine grained weathering steel was created by using the method of grain refinement and weathering guidance. It was found that this steel showed excellent properties in strength, toughness and corrosion resistance. The samples were made by the multi-pass warm rolling between 773K and 873K. The grain size of steel rolled at 873K was about 1 μm, and the tensile strength and the elongation were 800MPa and 20%, respectively. Cyclic wet/dry atmospheric corrosion tests using chloride ions confirmed that the developed steel exhibited better corrosion resistance than Si

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Hindam, H., J. B. Gilmour, R. H. Packwood, D. C. Briggs, and A. Lui. "The Canadian Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustion Materials Program Part II. Metallographic Observations." In CORROSION 1987. NACE International, 1987. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1987-87016.

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Abstract The degradation behaviour of several ferritic/austenitic Fe-based alloys exposed in the Point Tupper Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustor (ABC) for up to 10,000 h is discussed, based primarily on electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA). The ferritic alloys (A1, T11, T22 and T91) exhibit thick Fe3O4 scales containing dissolved Cr in proportion to the alloy chromium content. Minor sulfidation occurs in the form of FeS in the inner scale region in Type Al steel or as CrxSy precipitated internally in the other alloys. A thin, partially protective Cr2O3 film developed in T91 at the alloy/scale

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Shaw, Barbara A., and Patrick J. Moran. "Characterization of the Corrosion Behavior of Zinc-Aluminum Thermal Spray Coatings." In CORROSION 1985. NACE International, 1985. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1985-85212.

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Abstract Thermally sprayed zinc coatings and aluminum coatings have proven to be capable of providing long-term, cost-effective corrosion protection to steel structures in marine environments. Aluminum coatings have the advantage of passive film formation, but have limited sacrificial protection capabilities. Zinc coatings have the advantage of electrochemical activity which enables them to provide effective cathodic protection to steel. However, this high electrochemical activity results in high corrosion rates and a rapid depletion of the coating material. The possibility of developing a zin

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Videla, Héctor A., Carolyn L. Swords, and Robert G. J. Edyvean. "Corrosion Products and Biofilm Interactions in the SRB Influenced Corrosion of Steel." In CORROSION 2002. NACE International, 2002. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2002-02557.

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Abstract Sulfate reducing bacterial (SRB) influenced corrosion of carbon steel has been studied to determine the role of corrosion product/biofilm interactions on the electrochemical behavior of the metal. The influence of sulfides, chloride and ferrous ions on the electrochemistry processes has been assessed by using various electrochemical techniques. Corrosion products were analyzed by energy dispersion X-ray analysis (EDAX), X ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron probe microanalysis (EPM). Microscopic observations of the metal surface were made by usin

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Omura, Tomohiko, Takahiro Kushida, Tomotaka Hayashi, Yoshiyuki Matsuhiro, and Nobuyuki Hisamune. "Corrosion Resistance of Laser Welded 13Cr Stainless Steel Pipe with Post Weld Heat Treatments." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00147.

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Abstract Corrosion properties in laser welded low carbon 13Cr martensitic stainless steel pipe have been studied in terms of its microstructural features. Optical microstructure in the laser weld metal showed a fine martensitic phase after quenching and tempering heat treatments. Hardness distributed homogeneously across the laser weld metal. No segregation was observed around the laser weld metal by Electron Probe Micro Analysis (EPMA). Uniform distributions of anti corrosive elements such as Cr and Mo were observed by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) within the laser weld metal. The mi

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Schütze, Michael, Ellen Berghof-Hasselbächer, and John J. Hoffman. "Development of an Atlas of Microstructures for the Latest Heat-Resistant Cast Alloys." In CORROSION 2007. NACE International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2007-07425.

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Abstract A comprehensive atlas of microstructures has been compiled detailing the microstructural changes as a function of exposure temperature and aging time for the HP-modified, HP-microalloyed, and 35Cr/45Ni alloy families. The microstructural characterization included optical microscopy with differential interference contrast and interference layer techniques, scanning electron microscopy, and electron probe microanalysis. The compositions of the precipitates were analyzed and the corresponding carbide and intermetallic phases identified. The concentrations of the various phases were quant

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Chung, Koo-Kab, Jae-Kyoo Lim, Yutaka Watanabe, and Tetsuo Shoji. "Characteristics of Lead Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking of Alloy 690 in High Temperature." In CORROSION 1996. NACE International, 1996. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1996-96093.

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Abstract Slow strain rate tests(SSRT) were conducted on alloy 690 in various lead chloride solutions and metal lead added to 100ppm chloride solution at 288°C. The corrosion potential(rest potential) for the alloy was measured with SSRT tests. The cracking was observed by metallographic examination and electron probe micro analyser. Also, the corrosion behavior of the alloy was evaluated by anodic polarized measurement at 30°C. Resulting from the tests, cracking was characterized by cracking behavior, crack length and crack growth rate, and lead effects on cracking. The cracking was mainly int

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Reports on the topic "Electron probe microanalysis EPMA"

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Benn, D., R. Linnen, and T. Martins. Evaluating white mica as an indicator mineral for lithium bearing pegmatites, Wekusko Lake pegmatite field, Manitoba, Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328982.

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This project investigates the potential use of white micas as an indicator mineral within Li-bearing pegmatites and the potential of field portable techniques, such as Raman spectroscopy and Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) as real-time techniques in exploration. The pegmatites in the Wekusko Lake field, Manitoba, Canada, display five zones of varying mineralization. White micas display two textures in the field (primary igneous and secondary) and four textures were identified by backscattered electron imaging (poor zonation, rimmed, patchy and exsolution). The white micas were anal

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Bliss, Desiree, AJ Troyer, Khalid Lodhi, Zhiping Luo, Sangeetha Balabhadra, and Emily Prisaznik. Qualification of Metallic Ions Recovered from Swabbing Unfired Brass Bullet Casings. Florida International University, 2024. https://doi.org/10.25148/gfjcsr.2024.3.

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The presence of metallic ions has been established to inhibit DNA Taq Polymerase, a key component for the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), making amplification challenging when trying to generate a DNA profile of bullet handler transferred DNA, commonly called touch DNA from the unfired bullet casing surface. The goal of this research is to determine the amount of various bivalent cations such as Copper (Cu+2) and Zinc (Zn+2), which are suspected PCR amplification reaction inhibitors. A known concentration (0.1ng/µL) of liquid standardized human DNA, the total amount (1 ng, 3 ng, and 5 ng) was

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