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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Electron rays

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Academic literature on the topic 'Electron rays'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Electron rays"

1

Witherspoon, Kenny C., Brian J. Cross, and Mandi D. Hellested. "Combined Electron Excitation and X-Ray Excitation for Spectrometry in the SEM." Microscopy Today 21, no. 4 (2013): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929513000709.

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Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) is an analytical technique used to determine elemental composition. It is a powerful, easy-to-use, non-destructive technique that can be employed for a wide variety of materials. In this technique the electron beam of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) impinges on the sample and excites atomic electrons causing the production of characteristic X rays. These characteristic X rays have energies specific to elements in the sample. The EDS detector collects these X rays as a signal and produces a spectrum. Samples also can be excited by X rays. Collim

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Hlava, Paul F., and William F. Chambers. "Electron microprobe analysis: The upper limit of submicron spectroscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 44 (August 1986): 744–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100145091.

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In the electron microprobe, a beam of high energy electrons is focussed to a fine point on the surface of a fairly thick specimen and the x rays produced are analyzed to determine the chemistry of the "point". The spa- cial resolution of this instrument for chemical analysis, then, is defined by the volume of material from which the x ray signal originates. This, in turn, is related to factors such as the diameter of the electron beam, the spreading of the electron beam as it penetrates into the sample and interacts with the atoms of the sample to generate x rays, and the extent to which these

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Cao, Zhen, F. Aharonian, Q. An, et al. "Peta–electron volt gamma-ray emission from the Crab Nebula." Science 373, no. 6553 (2021): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abg5137.

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The Crab Nebula is a bright source of gamma rays powered by the Crab Pulsar’s rotational energy through the formation and termination of a relativistic electron-positron wind. We report the detection of gamma rays from this source with energies from 5 × 10−4 to 1.1 peta–electron volts with a spectrum showing gradual steepening over three energy decades. The ultrahigh-energy photons imply the presence of a peta–electron volt electron accelerator (a pevatron) in the nebula, with an acceleration rate exceeding 15% of the theoretical limit. We constrain the pevatron’s size between 0.025 and 0.1 pa

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Falconer, Isobel. "Corpuscles, Electrons and Cathode Rays: J.J. Thomson and the ‘Discovery of the Electron’." British Journal for the History of Science 20, no. 3 (1987): 241–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087400023955.

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On 30 April, 1897, J. J. Thomson announced the results of his previous four months' experiments on cathode rays. The rays, he suggested, were negatively charged subatomic particles. He called the particles ‘corpuscles’. They have since been re-named ‘electrons’ and Thomson has been hailed as their ‘discoverer’. Contrary to the accounts of most later writers, I show that this discovery was not the outcome of a concern with the nature of cathode rays which had occupied Thomson since 1881 and had shaped the course of his experiments during the period 1881–1897. An examination of his work shows th

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Moodie, A. F., and J. C. H. Spence. "John Maxwell Cowley 1923 - 2004." Historical Records of Australian Science 17, no. 2 (2006): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr06012.

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John Cowley contributed significantly to all of the fields that relate to electron diffraction and electron microscopy, and helped to found not a few of them. His name is associated in particular with n-beam dynamical theory, high-resolution electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, instrumental design, and the application of the techniques of electron scattering to structure analysis. His experimental work was not, however, confined to the scattering of electrons: to take but one instance, his seminal work on the theory of short-range order was stimulated initially by hi

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Carmichael, Stephen W. "An Electron Optical Achromat." Microscopy Today 5, no. 6 (1997): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500056029.

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Spherical and chromatic aberrations have been the bane of optical lenses ever since they were first ground from a piece of glass. As light travels through a convex (converging) lens, the rays at the center of the optical axis are refracted (bent) less than the peripheral rays, so that the central rays are focused behind the peripheral rays. This is the essence of spherical aberration. Light of differing wavelengths (colors) interact differently with the lens so that longer wavelengths (red) are focused behind shorter wavelengths (blue). This is chromatic aberration. In the early days of light

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Bednarik, Martin, David Manas, Miroslav Manas, Martin Ovsik, Jan Navratil, and Ales Mizera. "Surface and Adhesive Properties of Low-Density Polyethylene after Radiation Cross-Linking." Key Engineering Materials 606 (March 2014): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.606.265.

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Radiation cross-linking gives inexpensive commodity plastics and technical plastics the mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of high-performance plastic. This upgrading of the plastics enables them to be used in conditions which they would not be able to with stand otherwise. The irradiation cross-linking of thermoplastic materials via electron beam or cobalt 60 (gammy rays) is performed separately, after processing. Generally, ionizing radiation includes accelerated electrons, gamma rays and X-rays. Radiation processing with an electron beam offers several distinct advantages when com

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Bell, David C., Anthony J. Garratt-Reed, and Linn W. Hobbs. "RDF Analysis of Radiation-Amorphized SiC using a field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (1998): 700–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192760002362x.

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AbstractFast electrons are a particularly useful chemical and structural probe for the small sample volumes associated with ion- or fast electron-irradiation-induced amorphization, because of their much stronger interaction with matter than for X-rays or neutrons, and also because they can be readily focused to small probes. Three derivative signals are particularly rich in information: the angular distribution of scattered electrons (which is utilized in both diffraction and imaging studies); the energy loss spectrum of scattered electrons (electron energy loss spectroscopy, or EELS); and the

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Jagodziński, P., D. Banaś, M. Pajek, et al. "A high-resolution asymmetric von Hamos spectrometer for low-energy X-ray spectroscopy at the CRYRING@ESR electron cooler." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 11 (2023): P11002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/p11002.

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Abstract We present research program and project for high-resolution wavelength-dispersive spectrometer dedicated to low-energy X-ray spectroscopy at the electron cooler of the CRYRING@ESR storage ring, which is a part of the international Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) currently being built in Darmstadt. Due to the unique shape of the electorn-ion recombination X-ray source, resulting from the overlapping of the electron and ion beams in the electron cooler, the spectrometer can work in the specific asymmetric von Hamos (AvH) geometry. In order to completely eliminate the inf

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Shao, Tao, Victor F. Tarasenko, Cheng Zhang, Evgeni KH Baksht, Ping Yan, and Yuliya V. Shut'Ko. "Repetitive nanosecond-pulse discharge in a highly nonuniform electric field in atmospheric air: X-ray emission and runaway electron generation." Laser and Particle Beams 30, no. 3 (2012): 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034612000201.

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AbstractRepetitive nanosecond-pulse discharge with a highly inhomogeneous electric field was investigated in air at atmospheric pressure. Three repetitive nanosecond generators were used, and the rise times of the voltage pulses were 15, 1, and 0.2 ns, respectively. Under different experimental conditions, X-rays and runaway electron beams were directly measured using various setups. The variables affecting X-rays and runaway electrons, including gap distance, pulse repetition frequency, anode geometry, and material, were investigated. It was shown that it was significantly easier to record th

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electron rays"

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Prade, H. "Workshop on X-rays from electron beams." Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-30011.

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Prade, H. "Workshop on X-rays from electron beams." Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, 2000. https://hzdr.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21828.

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Nilsson, Daniel. "Zone Plates for Hard X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Biomedicinsk fysik och röntgenfysik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-122161.

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Hard x-ray free-electron lasers are novel sources of coherent x-rays with unprecedented brightness and very short pulses. The radiation from these sources enables a wide range of new experiments that were not possible with previous x-ray sources. Many of these experiments require the possibility to focus the intense x-ray beam onto small samples. This Thesis investigates the possibility to use diffractive zone plate optics to focus the radiation from hard x-ray free-electron lasers. The challenge for any optical element at free-electron laser sources is that the intensity in a single short pul

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Chandril, Sandeep. "In situ structural and compositional analysis using RHEED electrons induced x-rays." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10641.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2009.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 97 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-97).

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Chighvinadze, Tamar. "A spectroscopic Compton scattering reconstruction algorithm for 2D cross-sectional view of breast CT geometry." Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology, IOS press, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23846.

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X-ray imaging exams are widely used procedures in medical diagnosis. Whenever an x-ray imaging procedure is performed, it is accompanied by scattered radiation. Scatter is a significant contributor to the degradation of image quality in breast CT. This work uses our understanding of the physics of Compton scattering to overcome the reduction in image quality that typically results from scattered radiation. By measuring the energy of the scattered photons at various locations about the object, an electron density (ρe) image of the object can be obtained. This work investigates a system modele

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Chen, Hai Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Precision measurement of electron and positron flux in cosmic rays with the AMS-02 Detector." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103243.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, 2016.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 159-169).<br>The cosmic ray electron and positron flux measurement can address a series of astrophysics and particle physics questions. This thesis presents an analysis of electron and positron flux from 0.5 GeV to 1 TeV using the first 30 months of data taking( over 41 billion events), with the AMS-02 detector on the International Space Station(ISS) 330-410 km above earth. A precise calibration of the Electromagnetic Calorim

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Checchia, Caterina. "Study of cosmic-ray light nuclei on the ISS: identification of the interaction point in the CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET)." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1054668.

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At present, Astro-particle Physics is one of the most interesting and alive fields in experimental physics. Direct measurements of cosmic rays will help answering many open questions about the sources and the processes of acceleration and propagation in the interstellar medium of high-energy particles (from GeV to PeV energy scale). For example, the measurement of both light and heavy nuclei spectra and their relative abundances for energies of tens of TeV/nucleon is one of the main topic to understand acceleration and propagation mechanisms in our Galaxy. The CALorimetric Electron Telescope

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Petersen, Timothy W. "Tabletop internal source ensemble x ray holography /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9747.

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Reppart, William J. "Magnetic and crystallographic investigations of selected single crystal systems /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487262513407635.

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Snavely, Richard Adolph. "Physics of laser driven relativistic plasmas, energetic X-rays, proton beams and relativistic electron transport in Petawatt laser experiments /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Books on the topic "Electron rays"

1

Dyson, D. J. X-ray and electron diffraction studies in materials science. Maney for the Institute of Materials, Minerals, and Mining, 2004.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. GRO: Red-shifted electron-positron annihilation gamma-rays from radiopulsars. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. GRO: Red-shifted electron-positron annihilation gamma-rays from radiopulsars. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. GRO: Red-shifted electron-positron annihilation gamma-rays from radiopulsars. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.

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Garratt-Reed, A. J. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis in the electron microscope. BIOS, 2003.

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K, Freund Andreas, Freund H. P, Howells Malcolm R, and Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., eds. Coherent electron-beam x-ray sources : techniques and applications: 31 July-1 August 1997, San Diego, California. SPIE, 1997.

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Lone, M. A. Self-powered detector probes for electron and gamma-ray beam monitoring in high-power industrial accelerators. Chalk River Laboratories, 1992.

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E, Seeger David, and Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., eds. Emerging lithographic technologies: 10-11 March 1997, Santa Clara, California. SPIE, 1997.

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Coppens, Philip. X-ray charge densities and chemical bonding. International Union of Crystallography, 1997.

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Symposium B on Epitaxial Thin Film Growth and Nanostructures (1997 Strasbourg, France). Recent developments in thin film research: Epitaxial growth and nanostructures, electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction : proceedings of Symposium B on Epitaxial Thin Film Growth and Nanostructures and proceedings of Symposium C on Recent Developments in Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Diffraction of Thin Film Structures of the 1997 ICAM/E-MRS Spring Conference, Strasbourg, France, June 16-20, 1997. Edited by Ritter G and Symposium C on Recent Developments in Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Diffraction of Thin Film Structures (1997 : Strasbourg, France). Elsevier, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Electron rays"

1

Goldstein, Joseph I., Dale E. Newbury, Joseph R. Michael, Nicholas W. M. Ritchie, John Henry J. Scott, and David C. Joy. "X-Rays." In Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis. Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6676-9_4.

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Kipnis, Nahum. "From "β-rays" to "electron"." In History of Modern Physics. Brepols Publishers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.dda-eb.4.00747.

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Reimer, Ludwig. "Elemental Analysis and Imaging with X-Rays." In Scanning Electron Microscopy. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-13562-4_9.

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Ul-Hamid, Anwar. "Characteristics of X-Rays." In A Beginners' Guide to Scanning Electron Microscopy. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98482-7_6.

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Popp, Bruce D. "Discovery of the Electron: Cathode Rays." In Henri Poincaré: Electrons to Special Relativity. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48039-4_7.

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Forster, D. W., M. Goodman, G. Herbert, J. C. Martin, and T. Storr. "Electron Beam Diagnostics Using X-Rays." In J. C. Martin on Pulsed Power. Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1561-0_31.

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Rochow, Theodore George, and Paul Arthur Tucker. "Transmission Electron Microscopy and Electron Diffraction." In Introduction to Microscopy by Means of Light, Electrons, X Rays, or Acoustics. Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1513-9_14.

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Dröge, Wolfgang. "Electron Acceleration in Impulsive Solar Flares." In Cosmic Gamma Rays, Neutrinos, and Related Astrophysics. Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0921-2_38.

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Bucksbaum, P. H., D. A. Reis, and J. Hastings. "Ultrafast Hard X-Rays from Electron Accelerators." In Springer Series in OPTICAL SCIENCES. Springer New York, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-34756-1_43.

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Yamauchi, Kazuto, Hidekazu Mimura, Satoshi Matsuyama, et al. "Focusing Mirror for Coherent Hard X-Rays." In Synchrotron Light Sources and Free-Electron Lasers. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04507-8_54-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Electron rays"

1

Shi, Xihang, Ron Ruimy, Amnon Balanov, and Ido Kaminer. "Electron-Heralded Quantum X-ray Source." In CLEO: Fundamental Science. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_fs.2024.fm4b.5.

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We present a concept for creating quantum X-ray radiation heralded by free electrons, showing conditions for squeezed vacuum and Schrodinger cat states of X-rays, created by post-selected pre-bunched electrons.

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Barber, Sam, Finn Kohrell, Chris Doss, et al. "Demonstration of a reliable, high-gain laser plasma accelerator-driven free electron laser." In Compact Radiation Sources from EUV to Gamma-rays: Development and Applications II, edited by Carmen S. Menoni and Jaroslav Nejdl. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3056776.

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Howell, Andrew G. "Application of Scanning Electron Microscopy in Conducting Boiler Tube Failure Investigations." In CORROSION 1990. NACE International, 1990. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1990-90188.

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Abstract Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is a valuable tool for boiler tube failure analysis, supplying information not available by more conventional analytical techniques. An overview of the operating theory of the SEM is described, including the formation of secondary electron images, backscattered electron images and characteristic x-rays. Case histories are discussed to show how SEM documentation of cross-sectional elemental distribution in a deposit, or corrosion layer, can provide key insights concerning the mode of failure. Potential errors in sample collection and preparation, whic

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Mueller, Sebastian Achim. "Advancing the atmospheric Cherenkov-method to detect gamma-rays with one Giga electron Volt." In 7th Heidelberg International Symposium on High-Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy. Sissa Medialab, 2024. https://doi.org/10.22323/1.417.0120.

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Hadjisolomou, Prokopis. "Attosecond gamma-ray flashes and electron-positron pairs in dyadic laser interaction with micro-wire." In Compact Radiation Sources from EUV to Gamma-rays: Development and Applications II, edited by Carmen S. Menoni and Jaroslav Nejdl. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3056389.

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Saniman, Siti Sarah, and Muhammad Firdaus Omar. "In-House X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Measurement Using X-Ray Diffractometer: Comparison with Synchrotron Facilities." In International Conference on X-Rays and Related Techniques in Research and Industry 2023. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-meglf2.

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X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) experiments are usually performed at synchrotron facilities utilizing high-intensity X-ray sources produced by particle accelerators. However, this study showcases an in-house XAS experiment carried out using an X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) system that is typically available in material laboratories. The Rigaku SmartLab XRD was employed and configured for the Bragg-Brentano (BB) measurement mode. 20 keV electron energy is used to energize a molybdenum (Mo) target and produce high-intensity white X-rays via the Bremsstrahlung effect. Several crystals were teste

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Stein, William E., Brian E. Newnam, and Alex H. Lumpkin. "Generation of Backscattered X-Rays within an FEL Oscillator for Coronary Angiography*." In Free-Electron Laser Applications in the Ultraviolet. Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fel.1988.fc7.

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X-rays produced within an infrared free-electron laser (FEL) and imaged with a gated, intensified television camera may provide an inexpensive alternative to the use of synchrotrons for transvenous coronary angiography. The energy of these x-rays is dependent on the electron energy that can be controlled electronically. Variation of the x-ray energy will allow radiography above and below the K-edge of a number of elements. Image enhancement can be accomplished by digital subtraction of the radiographs. The x-ray intensities based on photon and electron intracavity powers in the operating Los A

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Schmitt, M. J., C. J. Elliott, K. Lee, and B. D. McVey. "Overtone Production of Soft X-Rays With Free-Electron Lasers*." In Short Wavelength Coherent Radiation: Generation and Applications. Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/swcr.1986.tue13.

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A one-dimensional free-electron laser code has been written that includes harmonic generation. In this code the electrons are driven by a spatially-averaged superposition of the fundamental and its overtones. The waves are driven by the Fourier-analyzed transverse current. The initial wave amplitude at all harmonics originates from a stochastic placement of particles. We show that when the overtones are small compared to the fundamental, a self-consistent description is not necessary, thereby reducing the computational complexity.

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Millane, R. P., and W. J. Stroud. "Phase Retrieval for Icosahedral Particles." In Signal Recovery and Synthesis. Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/srs.1995.rtub3.

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X-ray crystallography is a technique for determining the structures of molecules [1,2]. It involves irradiating a crystalline specimen of the molecule with a monochromatic beam of x-rays and measuring the resulting diffraction pattern. The complex amplitude of the diffracted x-rays is equal to the Fourier transform of the electron density in the crystalline specimen, and only the intensity, but not the phase, of the diffracted x-rays can be measured. Reconstruction of the electron density therefore constitutes a phase problem.

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Chattopadhyay, S., A. Chin, E. Glover, et al. "Femtosecond X-rays by Orthogonal Thomson Scattering." In High Resolution Fourier Transform Spectroscopy. Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hrfts.1994.wd4.

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Scattering of femtosecond optical and near infrared pulses off a low energy relativistic electron beam at 90° offers an interesting possibility to generate ultrashort pulses of x-rays. The x-ray pulses are short since the electron beam can be squeezed and focussed hard transversely, thus matching the interaction time with the femtosecond optical pulse duration. This is difficult with collinear scattering since electron beams with lengths less than a few picoseconds are hard to produce. The method has some intrinsic attractive features, e.g. simplicity of concept, directivity, tunability, etc.

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Reports on the topic "Electron rays"

1

Nuhn, H. From Storage Rings to Free Electron Lasers for Hard X-Rays. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826691.

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Berger, M. Calculation of electron emission from a tantalum foil irradiated by 100-kV and 50-kV x-rays. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/585067.

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รุจิรวนิช, รัตนา. การเตรียมแผ่นเส้นใยเซลลูโลสที่สังเคราะห์จากแบคทีเรียโดยมีอนุภาคระดับนาโนเมตรของโลหะเงินและผงแม่เหล็กเพื่อประยุกต์ใช้เป็นวัสดุป้องกันการรบกวนจากคลื่นแม่เหล็กไฟฟ้า : รายงานผลการวิจัย. จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2012. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2012.72.

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ปัจจุบัน วัสดุที่สามารถตอบสนองต่อทั้งสนามแม่เหล็กและสนามไฟฟ้า ได้รับความสนใจเพิ่มขึ้นอย่างมาก เนื่องจากความหลากหลายในการประยุกต์ใช้งาน เช่น กล้ามเนื้อเทียม เซ็นเซอร์ วัสดุเก็บข้อมูล และวัสดุ กำบังคลื่นแม่เหล็กไฟฟ้า และงานวิจัยนี้ ผู้วิจัยประสบความสำเร็จในการเตรียมวัสดุที่สามารถตอบสนองต่อทั้งสนามแม่เหล็กและสนามไฟฟ้า โดยทำการสังเคราะห์อนุภาคแม่เหล็กและอนุภาคเงินลงในเส้นใยแบคทีเรียเซลลูโลส ตามลำดับ โดยที่อนุภาคแม่เหล็กสามารถสังเคราะห์ลงในเส้นใยแบคทีเรียเซลลูโลส โดยผ่าน วิธี Ammonia Gas-Enhancing in situ Co-Precipitation Method โดยทำการแช่ แผ่นไฮโดรเจลบริสุทธิ์ของแบคทีเรียเซลลูโลสลงใน สารละลายเหล็

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4

Southworth, S. H., R. D. Deslattes, M. A. MacDonald, and T. LeBrun. Electron-ion-x-ray spectrometer system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10188662.

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5

เมธนาวิน, ธงชัย. การสังเคราะห์ผลึกตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยาที่มีโครงสร้างภายในแบบตะแกรงร่อนโมเลกุลในระบบปิดสภาวะความดันสูง : รายงานผลการวิจัย. จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 1989. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.1989.19.

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การศึกษาการสังเคราะห์ผลึกตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยาที่มีโครงสร้างภายในแบบตะแกรงร่อนโมเลกุลในระบบปิดสภาวะความดันสูง ซึ่งทำการสังเคราะห์โดยวิธีการเกิดผลึกอย่างรวดเร็ว ตัวแปรเงื่อนไขที่ใช้ในการศึกษาในการสังเคราะห์ผลึก ได้แก่ การใช้และไม่ใช้สารก่อโครงร่าง ความดันเริ่มต้นที่ใช้ในระบบแปรเปลี่ยนอยู่ระหว่าง 1-5 บรรยากาศมาตรวัด อัตราส่วนเชิงโมลของ Si/Al 20-400 อัตราเร็วของการเพิ่มอุณหภูมิในเครื่องปฏิกรณ์ 0.8-2 องศาเซลเซียสต่อนาที ช่วงระยะเวลาที่ใช้ในการสังเคราะห์ผลึก 45 นาที – 24 ชั่วโมง คุณสมบัติทางกายภาพต่างๆของผลิตภัณฑ์ผลึกที่ได้ทำการตรวจสอบ คือ องค์ประกอบทางเคมีของผลึกโดยวิธี atomic absorption รูปแบบทางโครงส

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Goorsky, Mark. X-Ray Scattering and Electron Microscopy Characterization. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2345731.

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W dolan, K. X-Ray Induced Electron Emission From Metals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2430561.

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Len, Patrick Michael. Atomic holography with electrons and x-rays: Theoretical and experimental studies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/539829.

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Cornacchia, Massimo. The Path Towards X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/798886.

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Mears, C. A., S. E. Labov, M. Frank, and H. Netel. Hot-Electron Tunneling sensors for high-resolution x-ray and gamma-ray spectroscopy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/513595.

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