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Journal articles on the topic 'Electron Transport layer (ETL)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 2 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Yoo, Jae-In, Hyobin Kim, Sung-Cheon Kang, et al. "P‐162: Late‐News Poster: Analysis of Various solvents for Hole Transport Layer in Tandem Structure Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diode." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 54, no. 1 (2023): 1766–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.16946.

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To achieve high‐resolution display, dual color tandem quantum dot light emitting diodes (QD‐LED) could be candidate. This tandem QD‐LED's characteristics affected by interface of emission layer (EML)/hole transport layer (HTL) and thickness of electron transport layer (ETL). In this research, we analyzed various solvents for HTL and modulated ETL thickness.
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2

Yusuf, Abubakar S., A. M. Ramalan, A. A. Abubakar, and I. K. Mohammed. "Effect of Electron Transport Layers, Interface Defect Density and Working Temperature on Perovskite Solar Cells Using SCAPS 1-D Software." East European Journal of Physics, no. 1 (March 5, 2024): 332–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2024-1-31.

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Perovskite solar cells have garnered significant attention from solar cell researchers due to their potential for achieving high efficiency, primarily attributed to their exceptional Electron Transport layer (ETL). One of the key elements of perovskite solar cells for transporting electrons to generate current is the ETL material. Moreover, there is a promising avenue for enhancing stability and reducing fabrication costs by substituting the transport layer. In this study, TiO2 and SnO2 were used as ETL materials in the architecture of perovskite solar cells for a comparative analysis between
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3

Kerara, Meriem, Abdelkrim Naas, and Khalid Reggab. "Comparative study on perovskite solar cells using P_ZnO, Al_ZnO and In_ZnO as ETMs by SCAPS-1D." Journal of Engineering and Exact Sciences 10, no. 1 (2024): 17387. http://dx.doi.org/10.18540/jcecvl10iss1pp17387.

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This study uses the SCAPS 1D software to analyze solar cells with lead iodide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) as the active material and three different types of ZnO doping: undoped (P_ZnO), aluminum-doped (Al_ZnO), and indium-doped (In_ZnO) as the electron transport layer (ETL). This study aims to investigate the effects of charge carrier density on the J-V characteristics and electrical properties (Jsc, Voc, FF, Eff) of a solar cell structure made up of FTO/ETL/CH3NH3PbI3/CuInSe2/Au. Gold makes up the back contact, and tin oxide doped with fluorine (FTO) makes up the front contact. These two compoun
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4

Yadeta, Tamasgen Fikadu, Kuo-Wei Huang, Toyoko Imae, and Yung-Liang Tung. "Enhancement of Perovskite Solar Cells by TiO2-Carbon Dot Electron Transport Film Layers." Nanomaterials 13, no. 1 (2022): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13010186.

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The high performance of perovskite solar cells was produced with the help of an electron transport layer (ETL) and hole transport layer. The film ETL (mesoporous (meso)-TiO2/carbon dot) boosted the efficiency of the perovskite solar cells. A perovskite cell was fabricated by a coating of carbon dot on a meso-TiO2 ETL. The fabricated meso-TiO2/carbon dot-based device has decreased the pin-holes of the perovskite film layer compared to the meso-TiO2-based device, which boosted 3% of the averaged PCE value of the devices. The UV–visible spectroscopy confirmed that the meso-TiO2/carbon dot ETL sho
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5

Xue, Tao, Ting Li, Dandan Chen, et al. "Preparation of TiO2/SnO2 Electron Transport Layer for Performance Enhancement of All-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells Using Electron Beam Evaporation at Low Temperature." Micromachines 14, no. 8 (2023): 1549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14081549.

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SnO2 has attracted much attention due to its low-temperature synthesis (ca. 140 °C), high electron mobility, and low-cost manufacturing. However, lattice mismatch and oxygen vacancies at the SnO2/CsPbI3−xBrx interface generally lead to undesirable nonradiative recombination in optoelectronic devices. The traditional TiO2 used as the electron transport layer (ETL) for all-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) requires high-temperature sintering and crystallization, which are not suitable for the promising flexible PSCs and tandem solar cells, raising concerns about surface defects and device
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6

Tola, Pardi Sampe. "Optimization ZnO Properties for Electron Transport Layer (ETL) of Hybrid Solar-cell Prepared with Sol-gel Method Combined with Reflux Treatment." International Journal of Eco-Innovation in Science and Engineering 3, no. 01 (2022): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/ijeise.v3i01.61.

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Electron-hole pair (exciton) generation and extraction from solar-cell photoactive layer is the main parameters determined solar-cell performance. Generally solar-cell consists of a photoactive layer sandwiched between electron transport layer (ETL) and hole transport layer (HTL). Exciton separation and extraction from photoactive layer depend on several properties: energy level match of photoactive layer and charge transport layer, surface contact area of photoactive layer and charge transport layer, and charge transport properties of charge transport layer. ETL and HTL should meet several ch
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7

Soman, Anjaly, and K. N. Narayanan Unni. "Enhancement in electron transport and exciton confinement in OLEDs: role of n-type doping and electron blocking layers." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 86, no. 1 (2019): 10201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2019190020.

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Doped transport layers are essential for achieving high efficiency in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). We have studied the effect of doping the electron transport layer (ETL), tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) with different percentages of lithium fluoride (LiF). We have also studied the effect of different electron blocking layers (EBLs) such as Tris (4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine (TCTA), N,N'-Bis (naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)-benzidine(NPB), and Di-[4-(N,N-di-p-tolyl-amino)-phenyl]cyclohexane (TAPC) in an Alq3:2,3,6,7-Tetrahydro-1,1,7,7,-tetramethyl-1H, 5H, 11H −10-(2-benzo
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8

Rahime, N. A. H., A. Azis, M. Z. M. Yusoff, and M. S. Yahya. "Ray tracing analysis of CH3NH3PBI3-based perovskite solar cells: effects of various perovskite, ETL and HTL thicknesses." Journal of Optoelectronic and Biomedical Materials 17, no. 2 (2025): 99–107. https://doi.org/10.15251/jobm.2025.172.99.

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This study investigates how the thickness of the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite layer influences light absorption and the power conversion efficiency of the solar cell. The goal for this research is to identify the optimum values of perovskite nanocrystalline (CH3NH3PbI3) thickness layer, to determine the ideal thickness of hole transport layer (HTL) and electron transport layer (ETL) to achieve maximum photocurrent density (Jmax) and to investigate the relationship between the hole transport layer (HTL) and electron transport layer (ETL) thickness on perovskites solar cell performance. Wafer Ray Trace
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9

Tarique, Walia Binte, Md Habibur Rahaman, Shahriyar Safat Dipta, Ashraful Hossain Howlader, and Ashraf Uddin. "Solution-Processed Bilayered ZnO Electron Transport Layer for Efficient Inverted Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells." Nanomanufacturing 4, no. 2 (2024): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nanomanufacturing4020006.

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Organic solar cells (OSCs) are becoming increasingly popular in the scientific community because of their many desirable properties. These features include solution processability, low weight, low cost, and the ability to process on a wide scale using roll-to-roll technology. Enhancing the efficiency of photovoltaic systems, particularly high-performance OSCs, requires study into not only material design but also interface engineering. This study demonstrated that two different types of OSCs based on the PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F and PM6:Y6 active layers use a ZnO bilayer electron transport layer (ETL)
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10

Al-Ahmad, Alaa, Benjamin Vaughan, John Holdsworth, Warwick Belcher, Xiaojing Zhou, and Paul Dastoor. "The Role of the Electron Transport Layer in the Degradation of Organic Photovoltaic Cells." Coatings 12, no. 8 (2022): 1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12081071.

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The performance of the electron transport layer (ETL) plays a critical role in extending the operational lifespan of organic photovoltaic devices. ZnO is an excellent electron transport layer used in the printable organic photovoltaic cells. A comparison of Ca and ZnO as the ETL in encapsulated bulk heterojunction OPV devices has been undertaken with the device stability dependence on light soaking, temperature, irradiance, and thermal cycling recorded. It was observed that the OPV devices using Ca ETL decayed faster than the ZnO ETL devices under the same light illumination. The degradation i
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11

Kim, Kwang Sik, Young Wook Hwang, and Tae Young Won. "Numerical Simulation on the Electronic Properties in Multilayer Organic Light Emitting Diodes." Advanced Materials Research 629 (December 2012): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.629.224.

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We report our finite element method (FEM) simulation study on the characteristic of the charge transport layer of the multi-layer structure for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The physical model cover all the key physical processes in OLEDs, namely charge injection, transport and recombination, exciton diffusion, transfer and decay for electronic properties. We performed a numerical simulation on a multilayer structure comprising a hole transport layer (HTL), an emission layer (EML), and an electron transport layer (ETL) between both electrodes; anode and cathode. The materials of the H
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12

Sun, Xiaolin, Lu Li, Shanshan Shen, and Fang Wang. "TiO2/SnO2 Bilayer Electron Transport Layer for High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells." Nanomaterials 13, no. 2 (2023): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13020249.

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The electron transport layer (ETL) has been extensively investigated as one of the important components to construct high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Among them, inorganic semiconducting metal oxides such as titanium dioxide (TiO2), and tin oxide (SnO2) present great advantages in both fabrication and efficiency. However, the surface defects and uniformity are still concerns for high performance devices. Here, we demonstrated a bilayer ETL architecture PSC in which the ETL is composed of a chemical-bath-deposition-based TiO2 thin layer and a spin-coating-based SnO2 thin layer. S
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13

Qiu, Chufeng, Yan Wu, Jiaxing Song, Wentao Wang, and Zaifang Li. "Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with ZnO Electron Transport Layer." Coatings 12, no. 12 (2022): 1981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12121981.

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have experienced rapid development in the past period of time, and a record efficiency of up to 25.7% has been yielded. At present, the PSCs with the planar structure are the most prevailing, which not only can significantly simplify the device fabrication process but also reduce the processing temperature. Particularly, the electron transport layer (ETL) plays a critical role in boosting the device performance of planar PSCs. ZnO is a promising candidate as the ETL owing to its high transparency, suitable energy band structure, and high electron mobility. Moreove
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14

Lee, Gwang-Hee, and Jin-Wook Lee. "Recent Advances on Tin Oxide Electron Transport Layer for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells." Ceramist 25, no. 1 (2022): 31–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31613/ceramist.2022.25.1.07.

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In recent years, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been considered as a game changer for next-generation photovoltaic industry. A surge of attention originates from unprecedentedly rapid enhancement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) to reach over 25%, being competitive with commercialized silicon solar cells. The charge transporting layer, in particular, an electron transport layer (ETL) is one of the key components for high-performance PSCs. The ETL affords efficient extraction of the photo-generated electrons from the perovskite layer, which are subsequently transferred to transparent co
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15

Han, Li, Yan Gao, Ying Kai Guo, Xing Gao, and Wen He. "Progress in Preparation of Electron Transport Layer in Perovskite Solar Cell." Key Engineering Materials 861 (September 2020): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.861.295.

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Electron transport layer (ETL) plays an important role in improving the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). SnO2 is a good semiconductor material with high electromigration and wide band gap. TiO2 has the advantages of superior position of conducting band (CB), long electronic life and low preparation cost, so SnO2 and TiO2 are often used in ETL of PSCs. In this paper, the preparation progress of SnO2, TiO2 and SnO2/TiO2 composite ETL is reviewed.
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16

Friedl, Jared D., Ramez Hosseinian Ahangharnejhad, Adam B. Phillips, and Michael J. Heben. "Materials requirements for improving the electron transport layer/perovskite interface of perovskite solar cells determined via numerical modeling." MRS Advances 5, no. 50 (2020): 2603–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.319.

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AbstractPerovskite solar cells continue to garner significant attention in the field of photovoltaics. As the optoelectronic properties of the absorbers become better understood, attention has turned to more deeply understanding the contribution of charge transport layers for efficient extraction of carriers. Titanium oxide is known to be an effective electron transport layer (ETL) in planar perovskite solar cells, but it is unlikely to result in the best device performance possible. To investigate the importance of band energy alignment between the electron transport layer and perovskite, we
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17

Zheng, Yan-Zhen, Er-Fei Zhao, Fan-Li Meng, et al. "Iodine-doped ZnO nanopillar arrays for perovskite solar cells with high efficiency up to 18.24%." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 24 (2017): 12416–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta03150e.

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A compact and even ZnO:I nanopillar planar electron transport layer (ETL) is prepared to enable deposition of a fully covering and highly uniform perovskite layer by a facile one-step spin-coating process method. Such a ZnO:I nanopillar ETL film exhibits high optical transparency, favorable work function and superior electron extraction ability, leading to the opt-electrical conversion efficiency as high as 18.24%.
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18

Lin, Zhichao, Jingjing Yan, Qingbin Cai, Xiaoning Wen, Hongye Dong, and Cheng Mu. "A sandwich-like electron transport layer to assist highly efficient planar perovskite solar cells." Nanoscale 11, no. 45 (2019): 21917–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr07876b.

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19

Salman, Muhammad Umar, Muhammad Mehak, Umair Ali, et al. "Direct correlation between open-circuit voltage and quasi-fermi level splitting in perovskite solar cells: a computational step involving thickness, doping, lifetime, and temperature variations for green solutions." RSC Advances 15, no. 20 (2025): 15618–29. https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ra01868d.

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In this study, a 1D perovskite-based solar cell was simulated using COMSOL, incorporating CH3NH3GeI3 (organic in-organic hybrid) as an absorber layer, SnO2 as the electron transport layer (ETL), and Cu2Te as the hole transport layer (HTL).
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20

Yusuf, Abubakar Sadiq, Abubakar Muhammad Ramalan, Ahmed Alhaji Abubakar, et al. "Effect of Al Dope with ZnO Electron Transport Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells Using SCAPs 1-D Simulation." Nigerian Journal of Physics 33, no. 2 (2024): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.62292/njp.v33i2.2024.214.

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Perovskite solar cells have shown exceptional performance and significant advancements in solar cell efficiency. For perovskite solar cells to conduct electrons and generate current, one of the key components is the substance known as the electron transport layer (ETL). Using the SCAPS 1D modelling program, ZnO: Al was used in this instance as the ETL material in a perovskite solar cell. Because of its interaction with the perovskite material, the ZnO: Al ETL demonstrated high cell efficiency. The performance of the ZnO: Al-doped-based solar cell achieved a PCE as high as 23.5%. In the meanwhi
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21

Ha, Mi-Young, Chang Kyo Kim, and Dae-Gyu Moon. "The Effect of Particle Size on the Charge Balance Property of Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Devices Using Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 7 (2021): 3795–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19233.

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Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been widely used as an inorganic electron transport layer (ETL) in quantum dot light-emitting devices (QLEDs) due to their excellent electrical properties. Here, we report the effect of ZnO NPs inorganic ETL of different particle sizes on the electrical and optical properties of QLEDs. We synthesized ZnO NPs into the size of 3 nm and 8 nm respectively and used them as an inorganic ETL of QLEDs. The particle size and crystal structure of the synthesized ZnO NPs were verified by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis and X-ray pattern analysis. Th
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Yustiani, Evira Bella, Putri Nur Anggraini, Shobih Shobih, et al. "Colloidal TiO2-Modified Mesoporous Electron Transport Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells." Jurnal Elektronika dan Telekomunikasi 23, no. 2 (2023): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.55981/jet.599.

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The electron transport layer (ETL) is a crucial part in perovskite solar cells (PSC) as it specifically governs the charge extraction at the perovskite/ETL interface. In this study, methylammonium lead iodide-based PSCs with an n-i-p structure were fabricated and modified by adding colloidal TiO2 into the mesoporous TiO2 film as ETL. The effect of the colloidal TiO2 addition on the PSC performance was investigated for ETL comprising different types of TiO2 particles, i.e. P25 and anatase TiO2. Despite producing lower performance than the PSC made with commercial paste, the power conversion eff
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23

Saidani, Okba, Souraya Goumri-Said, Abderrahim Yousfi, Girija Shankar Sahoo, and Mohammed Benali Kanoun. "Probing high-efficiency Cs0.05(FA0.77MA0.23)0.95Pb(I0.77Br0.23)3-based perovskite solar cells through first principles computations and SCAPS-1D simulation." RSC Advances 15, no. 10 (2025): 7342–53. https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ra08323g.

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This study presents a high-efficiency structure perovskite solar cell, incorporating a Cs0.05(FA0.77MA0.23)0.95Pb(I0.77Br0.23)3 as absorber, PCBM as the electron transport layer (ETL), and CuSbS2 as the hole transport layer (HTL).
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Kiguye, Collins, Woo Jin Jeong, Gwang Hyun Jeong, et al. "Single, Double and ETL-Sandwiched PVPy Interlayer Effect on Charge Injection Balance and Performance of Inverted Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes." Polymers 15, no. 15 (2023): 3308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15153308.

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A desire to achieve optimal electron transport from the electron transport layer (ETL) towards the emissive layer (EML) is an important research factor for the realization of high performance quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs). In this paper, we study the effect of a single, double, and electron transport layer sandwiched Poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVPy here on) on the charge injection balance and on the overall device performance of InP-based red quantum dot light emitting diodes (red QD-LEDs). The results showed general improvement of device characteristic performance metrics such as op
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25

Huang, Chun Yuan, Ping Hua Tsai, Ying Chih Chen, Hsin Chieh Yu, and Yan Kuin Su. "Electroluminescent Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes with ZnO and MoO3 Carrier Transport Layers." Advanced Materials Research 677 (March 2013): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.677.98.

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In this article, the quantum dot (QD) light emitting diodes (QDLEDs) with ZnO electron transport layer (ETL) and MoO3hole transport layer (HTL) were demonstrated. The ZnO ETL was fabricated by sol-gel method. To achieve balanced electron and hole injection, hole transport materials including 4,4'-di(N-carbazolyl)biphenyl (CBP) and MoO3were also adapted. The device structure can be simply depicted as indium tin oxide (ITO)/ZnO/Cs2CO3/QD/CBP/MoO3/Au. It was found that the Cs2CO3played an important role to facilitate radiative recombination and reduce the leakage current due to the poor quality o
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Obi, U. C., D. M. Sanni, and A. Bello. "Effect of Absorber Layer Thickness on the Performance of Bismuth-Based Perovskite Solar Cells." Физика и техника полупроводников 55, no. 4 (2021): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftp.2021.04.50738.9386a.

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Theoretical study of methyl-ammonium bismuth halide perovskite solar cells, (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9, was carried out using a one-dimensional Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS-1D) software. The performance of the tested device architectures largely depends on the thickness of the absorbing layer, with the combination of electron transport, and hole transport layers. Thus, the bismuth perovskite absorber layer was optimized by varying the thickness and also, the thicknesses of the different charge-transport materials such as Spiro-OmeTAD, copper (I) oxide (Cu2O), and copper (I) iodide (CuI) as hole
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Obi, U. C., D. M. Sanni, and A. Bello. "Effect of Absorber Layer Thickness on the Performance of Bismuth-Based Perovskite Solar Cells." Физика и техника полупроводников 55, no. 4 (2021): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftp.2021.04.50738.9386a.

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Theoretical study of methyl-ammonium bismuth halide perovskite solar cells, (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9, was carried out using a one-dimensional Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS-1D) software. The performance of the tested device architectures largely depends on the thickness of the absorbing layer, with the combination of electron transport, and hole transport layers. Thus, the bismuth perovskite absorber layer was optimized by varying the thickness and also, the thicknesses of the different charge-transport materials such as Spiro-OmeTAD, copper (I) oxide (Cu2O), and copper (I) iodide (CuI) as hole
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Hsu, Rui-Yun, Yeong-Lin Lai, Yung-Hua Chou, and Wei-Jhe Syu. "Improving Carrier Transport Behavior in a Bilayer ETL for Enhanced Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells: An Investigation." Energies 17, no. 4 (2024): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17040871.

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are currently among the most promising solar cell technologies. A key component influencing their efficiency and stability is the electron transport layer (ETL). This study examined the carrier transport properties of various ETL materials, including TiO2, SnO2, and TiO2/SnO2 bilayer ETLs, to understand their effects on PSC performance. The study proposed a hypothesis that the bilayer design, integrating TiO2 and SnO2, enhances performance, and it used experimental results to substantiate this. Through analysis and discussion of the ETLs, the interface between per
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Singh, Ranbir, Anupam Giri, Monalisa Pal, et al. "Perovskite solar cells with an MoS2 electron transport layer." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 12 (2019): 7151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta12254g.

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Drygała, Aleksandra, Zbigniew Starowicz, Katarzyna Gawlińska-Nęcek, et al. "Hybrid Mesoporous TiO2/ZnO Electron Transport Layer for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cell." Molecules 28, no. 15 (2023): 5656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28155656.

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In recent years, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained major attention as potentially useful photovoltaic technology due to their ever-increasing power-conversion efficiency (PCE). The efficiency of PSCs depends strongly on the type of materials selected as the electron transport layer (ETL). TiO2 is the most widely used electron transport material for the n-i-p structure of PSCs. Nevertheless, ZnO is a promising candidate owing to its high transparency, suitable energy band structure, and high electron mobility. In this investigation, hybrid mesoporous TiO2/ZnO ETL was fabricated for a pe
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Hattori, Nagisa, Kazuhiro Manseki, Yuto Hibi, et al. "Simultaneous Li-Doping and Formation of SnO2-Based Composites with TiO2: Applications for Perovskite Solar Cells." Materials 17, no. 10 (2024): 2339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17102339.

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Tin oxide (SnO2) has been recognized as one of the beneficial components in the electron transport layer (ETL) of lead–halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its high electron mobility. The SnO2-based thin film serves for electron extraction and transport in the device, induced by light absorption at the perovskite layer. The focus of this paper is on the heat treatment of a nanoaggregate layer of single-nanometer-scale SnO2 particles in combination with another metal-dopant precursor to develop a new process for ETL in PSCs. The combined precursor solution of Li chloride and titanium(IV)
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Lee, Junyeong, Jongbok Kim, Chang-Su Kim, and Sungjin Jo. "Compact SnO2/Mesoporous TiO2 Bilayer Electron Transport Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells Fabricated at Low Process Temperature." Nanomaterials 12, no. 4 (2022): 718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12040718.

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Charge transport layers have been found to be crucial for high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). SnO2 has been extensively investigated as an alternative material for the traditional TiO2 electron transport layer (ETL). The challenges facing the successful application of SnO2 ETLs are degradation during the high-temperature process and voltage loss due to the lower conduction band. To achieve highly efficient PSCs using a SnO2 ETL, low-temperature-processed mesoporous TiO2 (LT m-TiO2) was combined with compact SnO2 to construct a bilayer ETL. The use of LT m-TiO2 can prevent the degra
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Kavitha, M. V., C. K. Anjali, and K. S. Sudheer. "Device simulation and optimization of HTL-free perovskite solar cell with CH3NH3SnBr3 as the absorber layer using solar cell capacitance simulator software." Journal of Ovonic Research 20, no. 2 (2024): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/jor.2024.202.245.

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Perovskite solar cells without a hole transport layer have gained popularity due to their stability and affordable manufacturing cost. In this work, device simulation of the solar cell structure is done using SCAPS-1D software with TiO2 as the Electron Transport Layer while toxic-free compound CH3NH3SnBr3 as the absorber material. The efficiency of the structure is found to be 12.63%. The cell performance parameters are investigated by varying individual cell parameters such as absorber layer thickness, absorber layer defect density and doping concentration, ETL thickness, ETL doping concentra
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Tsikritzis, Dimitris, Konstantinos Rogdakis, Konstantinos Chatzimanolis, et al. "A two-fold engineering approach based on Bi2Te3 flakes towards efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells." Materials Advances 1, no. 3 (2020): 450–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ma00162g.

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An engineering approach is implemented for the performance and stability enhancement of perovskite solar cells, through the incorporation of bismuth telluride flakes in the electron transport layer (ETL) and as an interlayer on top of the ETL.
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35

Ke, Shanming, Bukui Du, Zhenggang Rao, et al. "Pulsed laser deposition of amorphous InGaZnO4 as an electron transport layer for perovskite solar cells." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 09, no. 05 (2019): 1950042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x19500425.

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Hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been intensively studied in recent years because of their high efficiency and low costs. For PSCs, the electron transport layer (ETL) is a key for its photoelectric conversion efficiency. Here we demonstrate the application of amorphous InGaZnO4 thin films as ETL for efficient PSCs by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The PSC device using such InGaZnO4 amorphous film as ETL has achieved an efficiency of 15.1%. The outstanding performance is attributed to the excellent properties of amorphous InGaZnO4 oxide thin films, including high electron mobility and
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36

Liu, Yihao, Tong Li, Min Shi, et al. "Hole-Transport Layer-Free Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells: Improving Their Performance from a Simulation Perspective." ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology 11, no. 10 (2022): 103001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ac936e.

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Perovskite solar cells are in rapid development, however, PCE (photovoltaic conversion efficiency) of HTL-free (Hole Transport Layer free) perovskite solar cells is reported to be low. In this work, we propose a tin-based perovskite solar cell with an ETL (Electron Transport Layer) structure of Z n ( O 0.3 , S 0.7 ) , a novel electron transport layer material. We simulated the device with SCAPS-1D (Solar Cells Capacitance Simulator) and found that all of the absorber layer thickness, band gap, doping concentration, defect density, device working temperature, ETL layer thickness, and doping con
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37

Yusuf, Abubakar Sadiq, A. M. Ramalan, A. A. Abubakar, and I. K. Mohammed. "Progress on Electron Transport Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells." Nigerian Journal of Physics 32, no. 4 (2024): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.62292/njp.v32i4.2023.156.

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The photovoltaic industry is very interested in designing and developing next-generation device architectures using organic-inorganic perovskite hybrid solar cell materials. In fact, perovskites represent one of the most promising materials for high efficiency, low-cost solar cells. This is most apparent in the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) going from 3.8 to 24.2 % in recent years. One of the primary challenges of developing PSC’s however is the realization of an appropriate electron transport layer. As such, this review focuses on recent developments in the elec
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38

Mohd Alias, Nur Syafiqah Nadiah, Faiz Arith, Ahmad Nizamuddin Mustafa, Mohd Muzafar Ismail, Nur Fatihah Azmi, and Mohd Saifizi Saidon. "Impact of Al on ZnO Electron Transport Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells." Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences 54, no. 4 (2022): 220409. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.9.

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Perovskite solar cells have shown remarkable performance and improvements in terms of solar cell efficiency. The ETL material is one of the important components in perovskite solar cells in conducting electrons to produce current. Here, ZnO was used as ETL material in a perovskite solar cell using the SCAPS 1D simulation software. The ZnO ETL showed poor cell efficiency due to its reaction with the perovskite material. A small amount of Al doped into ZnO was introduced to enhance the physiochemical properties of the ZnO against perovskite materials. Al concentrations were varied between 1 and
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39

Mehdi, S., R. Amraoui, and A. Aissat. "Numerical investigation of organic light emitting diode OLED with different hole transport materials." Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 17, no. 3 (2022): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/djnb.2022.173.781.

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In this paper, a comparative study between four OLEDs devices is carried out. The bi- layers device (A) (consists of) Hole Injection Layer (HIL)/Electron Transport Layer (ETL), the multilayer device (B) (consists of) HIL Layer/Hole Transport Layer (HTL)/ETL Layer. The influence of the hole transporting material on the performance of the three layers OLEDs was investigated. Three different HTL materials were used: α- NPD, TAPC and p-TTA with the same electron transporting material as Alq3; (these holes transport material consists the devices (B), (C) and (D) respectively). The carrier injection
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40

Pandey, Manoj, Dipendra Hamal, Deepak Subedi, et al. "Deposition of Reduced Graphene Oxide Thin Film by Spray Pyrolysis Method for Perovskite Solar Cell." Journal of Nepal Physical Society 7, no. 3 (2021): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnphyssoc.v7i3.42193.

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The Perovskite absorber layer, the electron transport layer (ETL), the hole transport layer (HTL), and the transparent conducting oxide layer (TCO) are the major components that make up a Perovskite solar cell. Between ETL and HTL, the absorber layer is sandwiched, on which electron-hole pairs are created after absorption of solar radiation. Despite substantial progress toward efficiency, long-term stability still remains a serious concern. Present work focuses toward contributing on the later issue by adopting Titanium dioxide (TiO2) as ETL and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as HTL. Specificall
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41

Sannino, Gennaro V., Antonella De Maria, Vera La Ferrara, et al. "Development of SnO2 Composites as Electron Transport Layer in Unencapsulated CH3NH3PbI3 Solar Cells." Solids 2, no. 4 (2021): 407–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/solids2040026.

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Improving morphological and electronic properties of the electron transport layer (ETL) is a critical issue to fabricate highly efficient perovskite solar cells. Tin dioxide is used as an ETL for its peculiarities such as low-temperature solution-process and high electron mobility and several handlings have been tested to increase its performances. Herein, SnO2:ZnO and SnO2:In2O3 composites are studied as ETL in planar n-i-p CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells fabricated in ambient air, starting from glass/ITO substrates. Morphological, electrical and optical properties of zinc- and indium-oxide nanopartic
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42

Mohamed Hashini, Noorakmar Hidayah binti, Mohammad Hafizuddin Hj Jumali, and Chi Chin Yap. "Improved Performance of P3HT:PCBM-Based Inverted Organic Solar Cell using Sno2/Zno Electron Transport Bilayer for Low Light Application." Sains Malaysiana 54, no. 6 (2025): 1583–92. https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2025-5406-13.

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Organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted much research attention due to their advantages such as low cost, easy processing, light weight, flexible and suitable for large-scale production. ZnO has shown to be an effective electron transport layer (ETL) in OSCs. However, it also suffers from various defects on its surface and improperly matched work function with the photoactive layer which then hinders electron extraction and conduction in OSCs. Hence, in this work, due to its favorable attributes such as high electron mobility, wide bandgap as well as deep conduction and valence band, SnO2 wa
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43

Noman, Hafiz Muhammad, Muhammad Tahir Hasan, Muhammad Anwar Jan, Muhammad Umair Ahsan Khan, and Akbar Ali Qureshi. "Recent Developments in Low-Temperature Solution-Processed Metal Oxide Electron Transport Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells." NUST Journal of Engineering Sciences 17, no. 2 (2024): 56–75. https://doi.org/10.24949/njes.v17i2.843.

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With power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 25%, perovskite solar cells (PSC) have become known as a remarkable photovoltaic technology in the last few years. Further, the low preparation temperature and facile processing techniques specifically in the planar architecture have contributed immensely to the production of inexpensive solar devices. The charge transport layers, primarily the electron transport layer (ETL) play a significant role in efficient charge extraction and transport from the absorber layer to the respective electrode. In particular, numerous research have been carried
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Park, Myeongjin, Jeongkyun Roh, Jaehoon Lim, Hyunkoo Lee, and Donggu Lee. "Double Metal Oxide Electron Transport Layers for Colloidal Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes." Nanomaterials 10, no. 4 (2020): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10040726.

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The performance of colloidal quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) have been rapidly improved since metal oxide semiconductors were adopted for an electron transport layer (ETL). Among metal oxide semiconductors, zinc oxide (ZnO) has been the most generally employed for the ETL because of its excellent electron transport and injection properties. However, the ZnO ETL often yields charge imbalance in QD-LEDs, which results in undesirable device performance. Here, to address this issue, we introduce double metal oxide ETLs comprising ZnO and tin dioxide (SnO2) bilayer stacks. The employmen
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45

Huang, Yinyi, Shina Li, Chaorong Wu, Shuo Wang, Chengyan Wang, and Ruixin Ma. "Interfacial modification of various alkali metal cations in perovskite solar cells and their influence on photovoltaic performance." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 21 (2020): 8902–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj06342k.

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46

Kim, Gyu Min, Il Soo Oh, Ae Na Lee, and Se Young Oh. "Applications of ytterbium in inverted organic photovoltaic cells as high-performance and stable electron transport layers." J. Mater. Chem. A 2, no. 26 (2014): 10131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta00181h.

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The electron transport layer (ETL) increases the power conversion efficiency (PCE) in organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) by promoting the formation of ohmic contact between the active layer and the cathode metal.
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47

Yu, Hyunjin, Eun Yeong So, Kyunghyun Eun, et al. "P‐210: Photolithography Patterning of Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Solvent Resistant Electron Transport Materials." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 55, no. 1 (2024): 2181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.18041.

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In this paper, we develop a novel approach to achieve ultra‐high resolution in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) through a photolithography patterning process. It is important to apply a solvent resistant electron transport layer (ETL) in the photolithography pattering of OLED because of solution coating process of photoresist on the ETL. Therefore, a solvent resistant ETL named 2,7‐bis(4,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)‐9,9 ′ ‐spirobi[fluorene] (SBF‐Trz) was developed and employed as the ETL of OLEDs. The SBF‐Trz demonstrated excellent solvent resistance during photolithography process and
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48

Thanimkan, R., B. Namnuan, and S. Chatraphorn. "Fabrication of SnO2 by RF magnetron sputtering for electron transport layer of planar perovskite solar cells." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2145, no. 1 (2021): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2145/1/012027.

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Abstract The requirements of electron transport layer (ETL) for high efficiency Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are, for example, appropriate band energy alignment, high electron mobility, high optical transmittance, high stability, and easy processing. SnO2 has attracted more attention as ETL for PSCs because it has diverse advantages, e.g., wide bandgap energy, excellent optical and chemical stability, high transparency, high electron mobility, and easy preparation. The SnO2 ETL was fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering technique to ensure the chemical composition and uniform layer thickness w
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49

Jameel, Mohammed A., Terry Chien-Jen Yang, Gregory J. Wilson, Richard A. Evans, Akhil Gupta, and Steven J. Langford. "Naphthalene diimide-based electron transport materials for perovskite solar cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 48 (2021): 27170–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta08424k.

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50

Manfredi, Riccardo, Carmela Tania Prontera, Fabrizio Mariano, et al. "Optimization of Electron Transport Layer Inkjet Printing Towards Fully Solution-Processable OLEDs." Materials 18, no. 14 (2025): 3231. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18143231.

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The fabrication of high-performance organic optoelectronic devices using solution-based techniques, in particular inkjet printing, is both a desirable and challenging goal. Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are multilayer devices that have demonstrated great potential in display applications, with ongoing efforts aimed at extending their use to the lighting sector. A key objective in this context is the reduction in production costs, for which printing techniques offer a promising pathway. The main obstacle to fully printed OLEDs lies in the difficulty of depositing new layers onto pre-exi
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