Relevant bibliographies by topics / Electron-withdrawing group

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Electron-withdrawing group'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Electron-withdrawing group"

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Koizumi, Akihiko. "Stereoselective Sialylation Using Directing and Electron Withdrawing Group." Trends in Glycoscience and Glycotechnology 32, no. 187 (May 25, 2020): E109. http://dx.doi.org/10.4052/tigg.2015.6e.

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Koizumi, Akihiko. "Stereoselective Sialylation Using Directing and Electron Withdrawing Group." Trends in Glycoscience and Glycotechnology 32, no. 187 (May 25, 2020): J89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4052/tigg.2015.6j.

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Yao, Chuang, Yezi Yang, Lei Li, Maolin Bo, Cheng Peng, Zhongkai Huang, and Jinshan Wang. "Replacing the cyano (–CN) group to design environmentally friendly fused-ring electron acceptors." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 33 (2021): 18085–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp02566j.

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A series of electron-withdrawing groups were used to replace –CN to design new environmentally friendly FREAs, and –CHO was found to be the most suitable electron-withdrawing group for constructing high-performance environmentally friendly FREAs.
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Fujita, Reiko, Masato Hoshino, and Hisao Matsuzaki. "Cycloaddition of 2-Pyridones Having an Electron-Withdrawing Group." HETEROCYCLES 76, no. 1 (2008): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-07-11296.

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Castagnetti, Eva, and Manfred Schlosser. "The Trifluoromethoxy Group: A Long-Range Electron-Withdrawing Substituent." Chemistry - A European Journal 8, no. 4 (February 15, 2002): 799–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3765(20020215)8:4<799::aid-chem799>3.0.co;2-6.

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Boardman, Fredrick H., Alan W. Grice, Manuel G. Rüther, Timothy J. Sheldon, Donal D. C. Bradley, and Paul L. Burn. "A New Electron-withdrawing Group Containing Poly(1,4-phenylenevinylene)." Macromolecules 32, no. 1 (January 1999): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma981309u.

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Yin, Bin, Shinsuke Inagi, and Toshio Fuchigami. "Highly selective electrochemical fluorination of dithioacetal derivatives bearing electron-withdrawing substituents at the position α to the sulfur atom using poly(HF) salts." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 11 (January 19, 2015): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.11.12.

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Anodic fluorination of dithioacetals bearing electron-withdrawing ester, acetyl, amide, and nitrile groups at their α-positions was comparatively studied using various supporting poly(HF) salts like Et3N·nHF (n = 3–5) and Et4NF·nHF (n = 3–5). In the former two cases, the corresponding α-fluorination products or fluorodesulfurization products were obtained selectively depending on supporting poly(HF) salts used. In sharp contrast, in the latter two cases, fluorination product selectivity was strongly affected by the electron-withdrawing ability of α-substituents: A dithioacetal bearing a relatively weak electron-withdrawing amide group provided a fluorodesulfurization product selectively while a dithioacetal having a strongly electron-withdrawing nitrile group gave the α-fluorination product predominantly regardless of the poly(HF) salts used.
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Savoie, Paul R., Cortney N. von Hahmann, Alexander Penger, Zheng Wei, and John T. Welch. "The control of stereochemistry by the pentafluorosulfanyl group." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 16, no. 17 (2018): 3151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ob03146g.

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Artamkina, Galina A., Elena A. Tarasenko, Nikolai V. Lukashev, and Irina P. Beletskaya. "Synthesis of perhaloaromatic diethyl methylphosphonates containing α-electron-withdrawing group." Tetrahedron Letters 39, no. 8 (February 1998): 901–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(97)10651-7.

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Chataigner, Isabelle, Cécilia Panel, Hélène Gérard, and Serge R. Piettre. "Sulfonyl vs. carbonyl group: which is the more electron-withdrawing?" Chemical Communications, no. 31 (2007): 3288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b705034h.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electron-withdrawing group"

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Cornet, Stephanie Michele Marie. "Synthesis and characterisation of some main-group compounds with bulky electron-withdrawing substituents." Thesis, Durham University, 2002. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4173/.

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Several new group 13, 14 and 15 derivatives with the ligands 2,4,6-(CF(_3))(_3)C(_6)H(_2) (Ar), 2,6- (CF(_3))(_2)C(_6)H(_3) (Ar') and / or 2,4-(CF(_3))(_2)C(_6)H(_3) (Ar") have been prepared. They have been characterised by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and, for all isolated compounds, by elemental analysis and, where possible, single crystal X-ray diffraction. Reaction of ArLi or the mixture Ar'Li/Ar"Li with BCI3 has led to the characterisation of several mono- and disubstituted compounds, but attempted substitution in AICI3 was unsuccessful. Reaction of EC1(_4) (E = Si, Ge, Sn) with the Ar'Li/Ar"Li mixture yielded predominantly the less sterically hindered disubstituted product Ar"(_2)ECl(_2) for E = Si and Ge but to Ar'(_2)ECl(_2) for E = Sn. In the case of B or Si, chlorine exchange is observed and Ar(_2)BF, Ar(_2)SiF(_2) and Ar'(_2)SiF(_2) have been synthesised. Ar(_2)SiF(_2) is the only product identified in the reaction of ArLi with SiC1(_4). Reaction of ArLi or the Ar'Li/Ar"Li mixture, in an appropriate ratio, with group 15 derivatives gave rise to several mono-or disubstituted compounds of the type ArEX(_2), Ar(_2)EX, Ar'EX(_2), Ar"EX(_2), Ar"(_2)EX and Ar'Ar"EX (E = P or As; X = H, CI or Br). (^19)F NMR spectra of Ar'Ar"EX show that, for the two ortho-CF(_3) groups of the Ar' moiety, there is free rotation of the aryl group around the central atom. A series of variable temperature studies has been carried out, and allowed the determination of the rotational energy barrier of the molecule. For the first time, the molecular structures of derivatives containing three fluoroxyl ligands have been determined (Ar"(_3)B and Ar'Ar"(_2)Sb).The synthesis of some new platinum complexes has been facilitated by reaction of phosphanes with the platinum dimer [(PtCl(_2)(Pet(_3))](_2) or [(PtBr(_2)(Pet(_3))](_2). Reactions of the platinum dimer with arsane derivatives have not been successful. Halogen exchange was observed between bromophosphane ligands and CI groups on the platinum. Attempts have been made to synthesise new P=E derivatives containing the electron- withdrawing substituents Ar or Ar' via reaction with the chlorine abstractor W(PMe(_3))(_6)- ArP=PAr and Ar'P=PAr' have been prepared. Synthesis of the first phosphaalkyne containing Ar or Ar' has been attempted by reacting a phosphaalkene with a Pt(0) species.
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Sequeira, L. J. "Studies on main group and transition metal compounds containing a sterically demanding, electron-withdrawing ligand." Thesis, Durham University, 1996. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5396/.

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The studies described herein relate to the co-ordination chemistry of l,3,5-tris(trifluoromethyl)benzene, Ar(^F)H. The unique combination of steric bulk and a highly electron-withdrawing nature found in the a- bound Ar(^F) ligand has already been exploited to stabilise a variety of unusual main group compounds including the surprisingly air- and moisture-stable diphosphene Ar(^F)P=Par(^F). Other examples are discussed in the introductory chapter, as is the increasingly active area of diphosphene research. Chapter 2 describes the synthesis and structural characterisation of six early σ-Ar(^F) transition metal complexes, Mo(N(^t)Bu)(_2)(Ar(^F))2, Cr(NAd)(_2)(Ar(^F))(_2), [Mo(NAr)(_2)(Ar(^F))Cl-LiCl(dme)](_2), V(Ar(^F))(_2)Cl(thf), V(Ar(^F))(_3)-O -Li(thf)(_3) and Cr(Ar(^F))(_2)(PMe(_3))(_2). The first five of these compounds exhibit the rare phenomenon of weak metal-fluorine interactions, which is discussed in terms of several structural factors such as tilting of the aryl ring towards the direction of the M-F interaction The co-ordination chemistry of the diphosphenes Ar(^F)p=PArF, Ar*P=PAr* and Ar*P=PArF (Ar* = 2,4,6-(^t)BuC6H3) is reported in chapter 3. Ar(^F)p=Par(^F) is shown to displace olefins from a bis(imido)molybdenum centre to generate complexes such as Mo(NR)(_2)(PMe)(_3)(Ti2-ArFp=PArF) (R = tBu, 2,6-iPr2C6H3). The crystal structure of Mo(NtBu)2(PMe)3(Ti2- ArFp=PArF) has been elucidated. Related investigations have focused on the co-ordination mode of the diphosphenes Ar*P=PAr* and Ar*P=PArFwith [Pt(PEt3)Cl2]2/ and a variety of Til-complexes has been spectroscopically observed. The development of phosphorus based analogue of the industrially important olefin metathesis reaction is detailed in chapter 4. The reaction of ArPCl2, [Ar = Ar(^F), Ar* and 2,6-(CF3)2-C6H3 (Ar(^f1)] with the halide abstractor W(PMe3)6 leads to the generation of ArP=PAr via a postulated [W]=PAr phosphinidene intermediate. The unsymmetrical diphosphene ArFp=PAr* has been synthesised analogously from a mixture of ArFPCl2 and Ar*PCl2 with W(PMe3)6- When Ar is small (2,4,6-iPr3C6H2, 2,4,6- Me3C6H2), ArPCl2 reacts with W(PMe3)6 to give three-membered tricyclophosphanes, [ArP](_3) π-bound complexes of the Ar(^F)H ligand have been synthesised via metal vapour synthesis experiments, carried out in collaboration with Prof. F.G.N. Cloke at Sussex University. Chapter 5 describes the preparation of the bis-arene complexes M(T|6-ArFH)2 (M=Cr, V, Nb) and Ru(Ti6-ArFH)(Ti4-ArFH).Full experimental details and characterising data for chapters 2-5 are collected in chapter 6.
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Rabinowitz, Daniel Joshua. "Electrochemical Studies of Substituted Anthraquinones." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/chemistry_theses/15.

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Electrochemical potentials of a series of anthraquinone derivatives were studied in both aqueous solution and acetonitrile. The long term goal of this work was to find derivatives which could be reduced easily for studies of photoinduced electron transfer in DNA. Our immediate goal was to find the substitution group that gave the least negative redox potential value. Of all derivatives studied, the anthraquinone imides as a class had the least negative redox potentials, in the range of -0.600 to -0.550 V vs. SCE. One of the anthraquinones studied, one derivative (deoxyadenosine conjugated with an ethynyl linker to an anthraquinone with two ester substituents) was also in this range. A study of a series of anthraquinones conjugated with ethynyl and ethanyl linkers showed that the ethynyl linker was more effective than the ethanyl linker in lowering the redox potential of anthraquinone.
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Ahmed, K. M. "Diels-Alder reaction of quinones carrying electron-withdrawing groups." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234154.

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Lou, chia-hao, and 樓家豪. "The study of phenyl azides reaction with electron-withdrawing group alkenes." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92384838214977891532.

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碩士
中原大學
化學研究所
99
This study is the use of phenyl azide (for example: benzyl azide, chlorophenyl azide) with the electron-withdrawing alkenes (for example: methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile) reaction. To investigate the reaction under high temperature condition between the previous results at room temperature and under high pressure at room temperature compared the results of what these differences. The experiment features a fast and simple preparation aziridine, let aniline turn into azidobenzene,and then reaction with the electron-withdrawing alkenes under 100 degree. The products are aziridine and triazole . the triazole turn into aziridine as faster as temperature increase. most patients do not need to experiment in the use of solvents as long as under high temperature conditions can be completed.
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CHANG, HSIEH MING, and 謝明璋. "Mechanistic Studies on The Thermal [m+n] Cycloadditions of Electron-Withdrawing Group Heptafulvenes and Electron-Donating Group Fulvenes." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66903829394433213991.

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碩士
中國文化大學
應用化學研究所
88
In order to determine the product selectivity，such as the diastereoselectivity，periselectivity，and regioselectivity，which is governed by steric effects and electronic effects of the exocyclic substituents on the fulvenes and heptafulvenes，the intermolcular cycloadditions of electron-rich disubstituted 2- (2，4-cyclopentien-1-ylidene)-1，3-dithiolanefulvene (3c)，with 8，8-dicyanoheptafulvene (9a) are investigated. The reaction of strong electron-deficient substituted heptafulvene 9a (LUMO) with the fulvene 3c (HOMO) afford [4+2] adducts 20a (syn) and 20b (anti) in a ratio of about 1.58：1 in 65％ yield.
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CHIU, JEN-CHUN, and 邱仁軍. "Synthesis and Characterization of Novel ConjugatedPoly(p-biphenylenevinylene) Containing Electron-withdrawing Trifluoromethyl Group." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87088283578835160436.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
高分子系
98
The objective of this study is to introduce twisted biphenyl structure containing trifluoromethyl groups at 2 and 2’ positions into the main chain of the π-conjugated polymer. The incorporation twisted biphenyl structure has been proven to enhance the solubility of entire aromatic rod-like polymer effectively.This is a new method to improve the poor solubility of π-conjugated polymers. The novel π-conjugated polymers(CF3-PBPV) in this study were synthesized by using three new compounds, 2,2'-Bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4'-biphenyldicarbaldehyde(6) 、2,2'-Bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4'-bis(bromomethyl)biphenyl(8) and 2,2'-Bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4'-bis(diethyl methylenephosphonate)biphenyl(9),through Gilch and Horner-Emmons reactions.We change monomer's molar ratio in Horner-Emmons reactions and add TEMPO in Gilch reaction to obtain different molecular weight PH-1,PH-2,PH-3 and PG-1,PG-2,respectively. The formed polymers have relatively high molecular weights in the range of 15000 to 149000 g/mole.These polymer's solubility is related to its molecular weight, when the molecular weight is smaller than 30000 g/mole under the room temperature could be dissolved in the common organic solvent (DMF, DMAc, NMP).PH-1 and PG-1 shows the glass transition at 231 and 234 ℃(by DSC),and the 5% decomposition temperature at 417 and 405 ℃,respectively.From UV-visible spectrometric analysis,PH-1 and PG-1 shows the maximum absorptions wavelength(λmax) at 341 and 321 nm.From photoluminesce spectrum,the formed polymer shows maximum emission at wavelength 395 nm.Wide angle X-ray diffraction exhibits PH-1 and PG-1 are amorphous.The energy gap (Eg) is 2.90 eV,calculated by cyclic voltammetry.These polymers exhibit high electronegativity(-3.04 eV)and high ionization potential(-5.94 eV).Because CF3-PBPV has the high glass transition temperature and the amorphous characteristic, therefore it could be applicable for organic luminescent material.
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Shen, Huang Jang, and 沈弘章. "One Pot Multiple-Steps Reaction of Allyl Azide and Alkenes Carrying Electron-Withdrawing Group." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24829901429854017836.

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碩士
中原大學
化學學系
81
1,3-偶極環化加成反應是合成五元環最簡便而常見的方法之一, 近年已有 愈來愈多的化學家更深入地研究此類的反應, 經由選擇不同的偶極化合物 與雙鍵反應可得到不同的五元環雜環化合物。由疊氮化合物與雙鍵進行反 應,可獲得.DELTA.^2-1,2,3-三氮-五環化合物(.DELTA.^2-1,2,3- Triazoline)。依據G.L'abbe(1971)及 R.Huisgen(1966)的研究報告可知, 當1,2,3-三氮-五環化合物在其位置4上若有拉電子基(如酯基,醯基,氰基) 存在時,則三氮-五環化合物會進行可逆的異構化反應得到重氮乙酸酯(拉 電子基為酯基)。而重氮基亦是一個1,3-偶極官能基,可與雙鍵再進行偶極 環化反應,當重氮乙酸酯與另一分子烯類進行分子間偶極環化加成,得 到2-.blksq.唑類化合物(L'abbe與Huisgen的反應結果)。但若重氮乙酸酯 分子本身帶有雙鍵,則此雙鍵與重氮基進行分子內偶極環化加成反應,可獲 得一個二圓環化合物。在本研究中,以丙烯基疊氮與具拉電子基之烯類,如 丙烯酸甲酯,丙烯.blksq.,丙烯酸醯胺,乙烯基甲基酮或乙烯基乙基酮等反 應,都得到了相似的2,3,7-三氮-二環[3.3.0]類化合物。由丙烯基疊氮與 烯類的反應至產物之獲得 ,其間進行了分子間環化加成,分子內環化加成, 異構化及麥可加成等反應 ;同時反應中共破壞了五個鍵結及形成五個新鍵 結,並高產率地獲得 [3.3.0]-二圓環的新化合物o同時本文亦討論到溫度, 溶劑及反應濃度對反應結果的影響o
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Wei, Jun-Yu, and 魏俊育. "Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Magnetic Properties of Mononuclear and Polynuclear Lanthanide Complexes by Using Schiff-Base Ligands with Different Electron-Donation Group and Electron-Withdrawing Group." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4pu6dq.

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碩士
國立中興大學
化學系所
106
In this research, five kinds of Schiff-Base ligands are ultilized to synthesize sixteen complexes. Three polynuclear complexes are synthesized by ligand H3bsc. Complex(2) and complex(3) are novel octanuclear structure. Then, two Schiff-Base ligands with Different Electron-Donation Group (H-hmni) and Electron-Withdrawing Group (H-hdnb) generate nine mononuclear complexes. From complex(4) to complex(12) are mononuclear complexes. Complex(4)and complex(8) are isostructural complexes as well as complex(6) and complex(10). Finally, H-hmnoi and (H3dnoc) are ultilized to synthesize mononuclear and trinuclear complexes, respectively. Complex(14), (15), (16) have Single-Molecule Magnet behavior.
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Chen, Zhi Yu, and 陳志毓. "A further study on one pot multiple-steps reaction of allys azide and alkenes carrying electron-withdrawing group." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30670793132605119773.

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Books on the topic "Electron-withdrawing group"

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Kärkkäinen, Tiina Sinikka. Studies on chemoselective glycosylations: Exploiting electron withdrawing leaving groups. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Electron-withdrawing group"

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Oh, Teresa, Kwang Man Lee, Kyung Sik Kim, Sung Bo Oh, Won Hyung Kim, and Chi Kyu Choi. "HOMO-LUMO Interaction between Diene and Dienophile with an Electron-Withdrawing Group." In Key Engineering Materials, 983–89. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-958-x.983.

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Kim, Kwan Soo, and Dae-Hwan Suk. "Effect of Electron-Withdrawing Protecting Groups at Remote Positions of Donors on Glycosylation Stereochemistry." In Reactivity Tuning in Oligosaccharide Assembly, 109–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/128_2010_107.

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Roy, M. N., V. N. G. Lindsay, and A. B. Charette. "Using Metal Carbenes Bearing One Electron-Withdrawing Group." In Stereoselective Synthesis 1 Stereoselective Reactions of Carbon—Carbon Double Bonds, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-201-00405.

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Roy, M. N., V. N. G. Lindsay, and A. B. Charette. "Using Metal Carbenes Bearing One Electron-Withdrawing Group and One Electron-Donating Group." In Stereoselective Synthesis 1 Stereoselective Reactions of Carbon—Carbon Double Bonds, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-201-00407.

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Minbiole, K. P. C. "Synthesis of 1,3-Dienes with an Electron-Withdrawing Group at C1." In 1,3-Dienes, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-046-00064.

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Minbiole, K. P. C. "Synthesis of 1,3-Dienes with an Electron-Withdrawing Group at C2." In 1,3-Dienes, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-046-00074.

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Takeda, T., and A. Tsubouchi. "Sulfenylation of Methylene Groups Activated by Electron-Withdrawing Groups." In Acetals: O/N, S/S, S/N, and N/N and Higher Heteroatom Analogues, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-030-00124.

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Roy, M. N., V. N. G. Lindsay, and A. B. Charette. "Using Metal Carbenes Bearing Two Electron-Withdrawing Groups." In Stereoselective Synthesis 1 Stereoselective Reactions of Carbon—Carbon Double Bonds, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-201-00406.

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Joule, J. A. "From -Alkyl--arylhydroxylamines and Alkynes Carrying Electron-Withdrawing Groups." In Fused Five-Membered Hetarenes with One Heteroatom, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-010-00577.

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Taber, Douglass F. "Natural Product Synthesis by C–H Functionalization: (±)-Allokainic Acid (Wee), (–)-Cameroonan-7α-ol (Taber), (+)-Lithospermic Acid (Yu), (–)-Manabacanine (Kroutil), Streptorubin B, and Metacycloprodigiosin (Challis)." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190200794.003.0022.

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Andrew G.H. Wee of the University of Regina showed (Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 5386) that with the bulky BTMSM group on N and the electron-withdrawing pivaloyloxy group deactivating the alternative C–H insertion site, the diazo ketone 1 cleanly cyclized to 2, with 21:1 diastereocontrol. Oxidative cleavage of the arene followed by amide reduction and methylenation of the ketone converted 2 into (±)-allokainic acid 3. Intermolecular C–H insertion was the key step in a complementary route to (±)-kainic acid reported (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 2674) by Takehiko Yoshimitsu of Osaka University. Rh-mediated intramolecular C–H insertion was also the first step in our (J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 1874) synthesis of (–)-cameroonan-7α-ol 6. In the course of that synthesis, seven of the C–H bonds of 4 were converted to C–C bonds. Jin-Quan Yu of Scripps/La Jolla oxidatively activated (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 5767) the ortho H of 8 with catalytic Pd, then engaged that intermediate with 7 in a Heck coupling, to give 9, and thus (+)-lithospermic acid 10. The starting acid 8 was prepared by enantioselective Rh-mediated intramolecular C–H insertion. Wolfgang Kroutil of the University of Graz found (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 1068) that berberine bridging enzyme (BBE) from the California poppy could be used preparatively to cyclize a variety of tetrahydroisoquinolines, including 11 to give (–)-manibacanine 13. Although this is clearly a Mannich-type cyclization, a simple Mannich reaction gave a 40:60 mixture of regioisomers, each of them racemic. The enzyme effected cyclization to a 96:4 ratio of regioisomers, and only one enantiomer of 11 participated. Gregory L. Challis of the University of Warwick harnessed (Nature Chem. 2011, 3, 388) the [2Fe-2S] Rieske cluster enzyme RedG of Streptomyces coelicolor to effect oxidative cyclization of 14 to streptorubin B 15. An ortholog of the enzyme cyclized 14 to metacycloprodigiosin 16. It is interesting to speculate as to whether the cyclizations are initiated by the activation of an H on the alkyl sidechain or by oxidation of the pyrrole.
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Conference papers on the topic "Electron-withdrawing group"

1

Mochizuki, H., and M. Chikamatsu. "Characteristics of Bis-styrylbenzene Derivatives with Various Electron-withdrawing Groups." In 2016 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2016.ps-10-15-16.

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