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Journal articles on the topic 'Electron-withdrawing group'

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1

Koizumi, Akihiko. "Stereoselective Sialylation Using Directing and Electron Withdrawing Group." Trends in Glycoscience and Glycotechnology 32, no. 187 (May 25, 2020): E109. http://dx.doi.org/10.4052/tigg.2015.6e.

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2

Koizumi, Akihiko. "Stereoselective Sialylation Using Directing and Electron Withdrawing Group." Trends in Glycoscience and Glycotechnology 32, no. 187 (May 25, 2020): J89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4052/tigg.2015.6j.

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3

Yao, Chuang, Yezi Yang, Lei Li, Maolin Bo, Cheng Peng, Zhongkai Huang, and Jinshan Wang. "Replacing the cyano (–CN) group to design environmentally friendly fused-ring electron acceptors." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 33 (2021): 18085–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp02566j.

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A series of electron-withdrawing groups were used to replace –CN to design new environmentally friendly FREAs, and –CHO was found to be the most suitable electron-withdrawing group for constructing high-performance environmentally friendly FREAs.
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4

Fujita, Reiko, Masato Hoshino, and Hisao Matsuzaki. "Cycloaddition of 2-Pyridones Having an Electron-Withdrawing Group." HETEROCYCLES 76, no. 1 (2008): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-07-11296.

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5

Castagnetti, Eva, and Manfred Schlosser. "The Trifluoromethoxy Group: A Long-Range Electron-Withdrawing Substituent." Chemistry - A European Journal 8, no. 4 (February 15, 2002): 799–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3765(20020215)8:4<799::aid-chem799>3.0.co;2-6.

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6

Boardman, Fredrick H., Alan W. Grice, Manuel G. Rüther, Timothy J. Sheldon, Donal D. C. Bradley, and Paul L. Burn. "A New Electron-withdrawing Group Containing Poly(1,4-phenylenevinylene)." Macromolecules 32, no. 1 (January 1999): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma981309u.

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7

Yin, Bin, Shinsuke Inagi, and Toshio Fuchigami. "Highly selective electrochemical fluorination of dithioacetal derivatives bearing electron-withdrawing substituents at the position α to the sulfur atom using poly(HF) salts." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 11 (January 19, 2015): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.11.12.

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Anodic fluorination of dithioacetals bearing electron-withdrawing ester, acetyl, amide, and nitrile groups at their α-positions was comparatively studied using various supporting poly(HF) salts like Et3N·nHF (n = 3–5) and Et4NF·nHF (n = 3–5). In the former two cases, the corresponding α-fluorination products or fluorodesulfurization products were obtained selectively depending on supporting poly(HF) salts used. In sharp contrast, in the latter two cases, fluorination product selectivity was strongly affected by the electron-withdrawing ability of α-substituents: A dithioacetal bearing a relatively weak electron-withdrawing amide group provided a fluorodesulfurization product selectively while a dithioacetal having a strongly electron-withdrawing nitrile group gave the α-fluorination product predominantly regardless of the poly(HF) salts used.
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8

Savoie, Paul R., Cortney N. von Hahmann, Alexander Penger, Zheng Wei, and John T. Welch. "The control of stereochemistry by the pentafluorosulfanyl group." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 16, no. 17 (2018): 3151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ob03146g.

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9

Artamkina, Galina A., Elena A. Tarasenko, Nikolai V. Lukashev, and Irina P. Beletskaya. "Synthesis of perhaloaromatic diethyl methylphosphonates containing α-electron-withdrawing group." Tetrahedron Letters 39, no. 8 (February 1998): 901–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(97)10651-7.

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10

Chataigner, Isabelle, Cécilia Panel, Hélène Gérard, and Serge R. Piettre. "Sulfonyl vs. carbonyl group: which is the more electron-withdrawing?" Chemical Communications, no. 31 (2007): 3288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b705034h.

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11

Yoshikawa, Chisato, Hiroaki Ishida, Nami Ohashi, Hiroyuki Kojima, and Toshimasa Itoh. "Construction of 7-Diethylaminocoumarins Promoted by an Electron-Withdrawing Group." Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 69, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 608–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.c21-00228.

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12

Batema, Guido D., Martin Lutz, Anthony L. Spek, Cornelis A. van Walree, Gerard P. M. van Klink, and Gerard van Koten. "Organometallic benzylidene anilines: donor–acceptor features in NCN-pincer Pt(ii) complexes with a 4-(E)-[(4-R-phenyl)imino]methyl substituent." Dalton Trans. 43, no. 32 (2014): 12200–12209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4dt01023j.

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13

Spencer, Lara C., Ilia A. Guzei, Michael K. Ainooson, and James Darkwa. "(3,5-Di-tert-butyl-2-ethoxybenzylidene)[2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethyl]amine." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 68, no. 8 (July 21, 2012): o2515—o2516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160053681203231x.

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The angles within the benzene ring in the title compound, C30H49N3O, ranging from 116.34 (16) to 124.18 (16)°, reflect the presence of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents. The angles at the two electron-donatingtert-butyl substituents are smaller than 120°, at the electron-withdrawing ethoxy substituent larger than 120°, and at the imine substituent equal to 119.59 (16)°. The latter does not reflect the electron-donating nature of the imine group due to the presence of other substituents.
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14

Zellman, Carson O., Danielle Vu, and Vance E. Williams. "Adjacent functional group effects on the assembly of columnar liquid crystals." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 98, no. 7 (July 2020): 379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2020-0060.

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Although the impact of individual functional groups on the self-assembly of columnar liquid crystal phases has been widely studied, the effect of varying multiple substituents has received much less attention. Herein, we report a series of dibenzo[a,c]phenazines containing an alcohol or ether adjacent to an electron-withdrawing ester or acid. With one exception, these difunctional mesogens form columnar phases. The phase behavior appeared to be dominated by the electron-withdrawing substituent; transition temperatures were similar to derivatives with these groups in isolation. In most instances, the addition of an electron-donating group ortho to an ester or acid suppressed the melting temperature and elevated the clearing temperature, leading to broader liquid crystal thermal ranges. This effect was more pronounced for derivatives functionalized with longer chain hexyloxy groups. These results suggest a potential strategy for controlling the phase ranges of columnar liquid crystals and achieving room temperature mesophases.
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15

Ko, Seung Won, Byung-Jun Jung, Taek Ahn, and Hong-Ku Shim. "Novel Poly(p-phenylenevinylene)s with an Electron-Withdrawing Cyanophenyl Group†." Macromolecules 35, no. 16 (July 2002): 6217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma020285v.

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16

Mao, Ying, Zehua Wang, Gang Wang, Ran Zhao, Linglong Kan, Xiaoguang Pan, and Lei Liu. "Redox Deracemization of Tertiary Stereocenters Adjacent to an Electron-Withdrawing Group." ACS Catalysis 10, no. 14 (June 17, 2020): 7785–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c02486.

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17

Fuchigami, Toshio, Satoru Murakami, Shokaku Kim, and Hideki Ishii. "Aromatic Substitution with Photochemically Generated Difluoromethyl ­Radicals Bearing Electron-Withdrawing Group." Synlett, no. 5 (2004): 0815–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-820026.

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18

Higashino, Tomohiro, Hitomi Iiyama, Yuma Kurumisawa, and Hiroshi Imahori. "Thiazolocatechol: Electron‐Withdrawing Catechol Anchoring Group for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells." ChemPhysChem 20, no. 20 (July 10, 2019): 2689–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201900342.

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19

Crujeiras, Pablo, José Luis Rodríguez-Rey, and Antonio Sousa-Pedrares. "Deactivation of the coordinating ability of the iminophosphorane group by the effect of ortho-carborane." Dalton Transactions 46, no. 8 (2017): 2572–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt04592h.

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20

Lee, Hee Joo, Sung Jun Park, Hyen Je Sin, Yu Jeong Na, and Cheal Kim. "A selective colorimetric chemosensor with an electron-withdrawing group for multi-analytes CN− and F−." New Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 5 (2015): 3900–3907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nj00169b.

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21

Wang, Ruyu, Xi Shu, Yu Fan, Shoujian Li, Yongdong Jin, and Chao Huang. "Visible colorimetric fluoride and hydroxide sensing by asymmetric tris-urea receptors: combined experimental and theoretical studies." RSC Advances 8, no. 69 (2018): 39394–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra07495j.

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A series of asymmetric tris-urea receptors with electron withdrawing group (EWG) or electron donating group (EDG), L1–L4, were synthesized and characterized by HRMS, NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques.
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22

Wang, Zhen, Anyang Li, Lei Gou, Jingzheng Ren, and Gaohong Zhai. "Computational electrochemistry study of derivatives of anthraquinone and phenanthraquinone analogues: the substitution effect." RSC Advances 6, no. 92 (2016): 89827–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra19128b.

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23

Guo, Ying, Ling-Yan Shao, Kun-Kun Yu, Ya-Hua Hu, Hong-Wei Liu, Dao-Hua Liao, and Ya-Fei Ji. "Palladium-catalyzed site-selective direct olefination of 6-electron-withdrawing group substituted 3-arylbenzo[d]isoxazoles." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 4, no. 10 (2017): 1962–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7qo00435d.

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24

Kim, Yun-Hi, Dong-Cheol Shin, and Soon-Ki Kwon. "Synthesis and characterization of poly(terphenylenevinylene) derivative with electron withdrawing CN group and an electron donating alkoxy group." Polymer 46, no. 13 (June 2005): 4647–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2005.03.051.

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25

Yateem, Ali Hussain. "Rotational barrier and electron-withdrawing substituent effects: Theoretical study of -conjugation in para-substituted anilines." Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry 10, no. 4 (April 16, 2020): 319–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.13171/mjc02004161378ahy.

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The rotational barrier RB around C–NH2 bond between the minimum and maximum states of 84 electron-withdrawing groups at para-position in aniline were studied at the density functional wB97X-D/6-31G** level. The rotational barrier was found to correlate strongly with shortening of the C–NH2 bond, increase of flattening of NH2 group, decrease in negative natural charge on amino nitrogen, increase in minimum ionization potential around lone pair of amino nitrogen, increase in maximum (positive) electrostatic potential on amino hydrogens, increase in NH2 stretching frequencies, and increase in stabilization energy. The rotational barrier was also found to correlate well with empirical pKa and Hammett σp constants. The rotational barrier is shown to be a reliable quantum mechanical approach to measure p-conjugation in para-substituted anilines. Based on RB a quantitative scale is constructed for the ability of electron-withdrawing substituents to resonate with aniline. A quinone-like structure has been proposed for stronger electron-withdrawing substituents where an extension of resonance stabilization requires the simultaneous presence of electron donor (NH2) and electron-withdrawing groups.
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26

Pang, Shichong, Daeun Jang, Woo Sun Lee, Hyeok-Mo Kang, Seung-Ju Hong, Sung Kwan Hwang, and Kwang-Hyun Ahn. "The effect of a “push–pull” structure on the turn-on fluorescence of photochromic thio-ketone type diarylethenes." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 14, no. 4 (2015): 765–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4pp00320a.

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27

Melanson, Jennifer A., Carlotta Figliola, Deborah A. Smithen, Aleksandra K. Kajetanowicz, and Alison Thompson. "Probing the hydrolytic reactivity of 2-difluoromethyl pyrroles." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 15, no. 1 (2017): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ob01441k.

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28

Sivaev, Igor B., Vikentii I. Bragin, Alexander V. Prikaznov, Pavel V. Petrovskii, Vladimir I. Bregadze, Oleg A. Filippov, Tatyana A. Teplinskaya, Alexei A. Titov, and Elena S. Shubina. "Study of Proton-Deuterium Exchange in Ten-Vertex Boron Hydrides." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 72, no. 12 (2007): 1725–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20071725.

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The effect of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents on the proton-deuterium exchange in derivatives of the closo-decaborate anion in methanol-d4 was studied. Introduction of the electron-donating hydroxy (alkoxy) group into the apical position of the boron cage strongly promotes the H-D exchange at the antipodal apical vertex, whereas introduction of the electron-withdrawing diazonium group stops the H-D exchange completely. The general order of the proton-deuterium exchange in equatorially-substituted derivatives [2-B10H9R]n- is 10 > 1 >> 7,8 > 4 > 3,5 ≈ 6,9. Formation of dihydrogen bonds between 1- and 2-hydroxy derivatives of the closo-decaborate anion and alcohols was investigated and their possible role in the H-D exchange was discussed.
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29

Hashimoto, Yoshimitsu, Ryo Abe, Nobuyoshi Morita, and Osamu Tamura. "Inverse-electron-demand Diels–Alder reactions of α,β-unsaturated hydrazones with 3-methoxycarbonyl α-pyrones." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 16, no. 46 (2018): 8913–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ob02132e.

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Inverse-electron-demand Diels–Alder reactions of 3-electron-withdrawing group substituted α-pyrones with α,β-unsaturated hydrazones as electron-rich counterparts are catalyzed by Eu(hfc)3 to afford bicyclic lactone cycloadducts.
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30

Hodsden, Thomas, Karl J. Thorley, Aniruddha Basu, Andrew J. P. White, Changsheng Wang, William Mitchell, Florian Glöcklhofer, Thomas D. Anthopoulos, and Martin Heeney. "The influence of alkyl group regiochemistry and backbone fluorination on the packing and transistor performance of N-cyanoimine functionalised indacenodithiophenes." Materials Advances 2, no. 5 (2021): 1706–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ma00091h.

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31

Oh, Teresa, Kwang Man Lee, Kyung Sik Kim, Sung Bo Oh, Won Hyung Kim, and Chi Kyu Choi. "HOMO-LUMO Interaction between Diene and Dienophile with an Electron-Withdrawing Group." Key Engineering Materials 277-279 (January 2005): 983–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.277-279.983.

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Recently, the carbon-centered organic system with C-H hydrogen bonds is being examined and reported with particular focus on its chemical shifts. These properties are traditionally associated with the red shifted hydrogen bond due to the weak interaction of C-H hydrogen bonds. In a few cases, however, the strengthening of the C-H bond is characterized by the blue shift. In this study, organic-inorganic hybrid silica and fluorinated amorphous carbon films have been deposited on a p-type Si (100) substrate by inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition. The reason for the chemical shift in the low dielectric constant materials with C-H hydrogen bonds was researched on, and the effect of the meso-structure of the films by the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction of the C=C and C=O double bond was also studied.
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32

MILBURN, G. H. W., J. WRIGHT, A. J. SHAND, and A. R. WERNINCK. "RECENT STUDIES OF DIYNE MONOMERS CONTAINING PYRIDINE AS AN ELECTRON WITHDRAWING GROUP." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 03, no. 04 (October 1994): 447–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218199194000249.

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Some recent developments in diacetylene synthesis are discussed and some interesting physical properties are reported. Examples are given of unsymmetrical diacetylenes containing a pyridine ring bonded directly to one end of the diyne unit and an aryl system containing a flexible alkoxy chain joined to the opposite end. Mesophase and nonlinear optical properties are examined.
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33

Tokumitsu, Takao. "Reaction of β-Nitroketeneaminal with Olefins Bearing Electron-Withdrawing Group and Aldehydes." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 63, no. 7 (July 1990): 1921–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.63.1921.

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34

ARTAMKINA, G. A., E. A. TARASENKO, N. V. LUKASHEV, and I. P. BELETSKAYA. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Perhaloaromatic Diethyl Methylphosphonates Containing α-Electron-Withdrawing Group." ChemInform 29, no. 21 (June 22, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199821172.

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35

KATAOKA, Tadashi, Yasuhiro OHE, Akira UMEDA, Tatsunori IWAMURA, Mitsuhiro YOSHIMATSU, and Hiroshi SHIMIZU. "Generation of Selenabenzenes Bearing an Electron-Withdrawing Group at me 2-Position." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 42, no. 4 (1994): 811–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.42.811.

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36

Nakano, Hiroto, Hiroshi Tomisawa, and Hiroshi Hongo. "Diels–Alder cycloadditions of 2(1H)-pyridones having an electron-withdrawing group." J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., no. 24 (1990): 1775–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39900001775.

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37

Deng, Jianming, Qian-shu Li, Yaoming Xie, and R. Bruce King. "Effects of the strongly electron-withdrawing trifluoromethyl group in cobalt carbonyl chemistry." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 146 (February 2013): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluchem.2012.12.007.

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38

Silva, Thaissa L., Tamires A. Do Nascimento, Andresa K. A. De Almeida, Shaiani M. G. Melo, Julio C. S. Da Silva, Jadriane A. Xavier, André F. A. Xavier, et al. "Decorating BODIPY with Electron‐Withdrawing NO Group: Spectroelectrochemical Consequences and Computational Investigation." ChemElectroChem 8, no. 15 (August 2, 2021): 2921–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/celc.202100609.

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39

Mao, Lemin, Shuopan Dun, Hehe Ren, Jiamin Jiang, Xugeng Guo, Fuhua Huang, Panpan Heng, Li Wang, Jinglai Zhang, and Hans Ågren. "Introducing chenodeoxycholic acid coadsorbent and strong electron-withdrawing group in indoline dyes to design high-performance solar cells: a remarkable theoretical improvement." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 17 (2021): 5800–5807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc05665k.

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40

Chen, Lixia, Ping Shen, Zhi-Guo Zhang, and Yongfang Li. "Side-chain engineering of benzodithiophene–thiophene copolymers with conjugated side chains containing the electron-withdrawing ethylrhodanine group." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 22 (2015): 12005–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta02360b.

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Four benzodithiophene–thiophene copolymers with conjugated side chains containing electron-withdrawing ethylrhodanine acceptor units were designed and synthesized. The PSCs based on the four polymers showed the highest PCE of 4.25%.
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41

Rigamonti, Luca, Francesco Reginato, Erika Ferrari, Laura Pigani, Lara Gigli, Nicola Demitri, Pavel Kopel, Barbora Tesarova, and Zbynek Heger. "From solid state to in vitro anticancer activity of copper(ii) compounds with electronically-modulated NNO Schiff base ligands." Dalton Transactions 49, no. 41 (2020): 14626–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0dt03038d.

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42

Liu, Zhaoying, Yajun Huang, Hongqi Xie, Wei Liu, Jianguo Zeng, and Pi Cheng. "A novel C–C radical–radical coupling reaction promoted by visible light: facile synthesis of 6-substituted N-methyl 5,6-dihydrobenzophenanthridine alkaloids." RSC Advances 6, no. 56 (2016): 50500–50505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra05927a.

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43

Caballero-García, Guillermo, Moisés Romero-Ortega, and Joaquín Barroso-Flores. "Reactivity of electrophilic chlorine atoms due to σ-holes: a mechanistic assessment of the chemical reduction of a trichloromethyl group by sulfur nucleophiles." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 39 (2016): 27300–27307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp04321f.

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44

Redfern, Paul C., Jane S. Murray, and Peter Politzer. "Computational determination of the relative stabilities of some nitro carbocations." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 2 (February 1, 1992): 636–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v92-087.

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The relative stabilities of a group of nitro carbocations (derivatives of the methyl, cyclopropyl, and cyclopropenyl cations) are determined by means of abinitio SCF/3-21G calculations, and compared to the corresponding results for other substituent groups, both electron donating and withdrawing. The α-nitro carbocations are generally destabilized relative to the parent cation, but often to a lesser extent than anticipated from the strongly electron-withdrawing nature of NO2. The optimized structures indicate that this is due to the stabilizing formation of an intramolecular ring involving the nitro group; however, this requires the proximity of a sufficiently positive carbon. Keywords: carbocations, abinitio SCF calculations, relative stabilities, nitro derivatives.
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45

Shi, Lei, Kun Li, Peng-Cheng Cui, Ling-Ling Li, Sheng-Lin Pan, Meng-Yang Li, and Xiao-Qi Yu. "BINOL derivatives with aggression-induced emission." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 6, no. 27 (2018): 4413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tb00774h.

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46

He, Xiaohui, Yingjiao Deng, Xiong Jiang, Zijie Wang, Yingping Yang, Zhilong Han, and Defu Chen. "Copolymerization of norbornene and butyl methacrylate at elevated temperatures by a single centre nickel catalyst bearing bulky bis(α-diimine) ligand with strong electron-withdrawing groups." Polymer Chemistry 8, no. 15 (2017): 2390–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7py00081b.

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47

Li, Shuang-Bao, Dong-Mei Gu, Ji Zhang, Yun Geng, Min Zhang, and Zhong-Min Su. "Theoretical design and characterization of high-efficiency organic dyes with different electron-withdrawing groups based on C275 toward dye-sensitized solar cells." New Journal of Chemistry 40, no. 11 (2016): 9320–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6nj01731b.

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48

Gopalakrishnan, Mohan, Thamodharan Viswanathan, Ezhumalai David, Krishnan Thirumoorthy, Nattamai S. P. Bhuvanesh, and Nallasamy Palanisami. "Second-order nonlinear optical properties of eight-membered centrosymmetric cyclic borasiloxanes." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 27 (2019): 10948–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj01611b.

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49

Kim, Y., C. E. Song, E. J. Ko, D. Kim, S. J. Moon, and E. Lim. "DPP-based small molecule, non-fullerene acceptors for “channel II” charge generation in OPVs and their improved performance in ternary cells." RSC Advances 5, no. 7 (2015): 4811–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra12184h.

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Three diketopyrrolopyrrole-thiophene-based small molecules were synthesized substituting electron-withdrawing cyanide group in different positions and introduced as acceptors in organic photovoltaic cells.
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50

Tsukamoto, Hirokazu, Kazuya Ito, and Takayuki Doi. "Synthesis of multi-substituted dihydrofurans via palladium-catalysed coupling between 2,3-alkadienols and pronucleophiles." Chemical Communications 54, no. 40 (2018): 5102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc02589d.

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