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Journal articles on the topic 'Electronic amplifiers'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 January 2023

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1

Zygarlicki, Jarosław, and Janusz Mroczka. "Method of testing and correcting signal amplifiers’ transfer function using prony analysis." Metrology and Measurement Systems 19, no. 3 (October 1, 2012): 489–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10178-012-0042-7.

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Abstract This article presents a way of analyzing the transfer function of electronic signal amplifiers. It also describes the possibility of using signal precorrection which improves the parasitic harmonics in the THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) of the amplified signal by correcting linearity of the tested amplifier’s transfer function. The proposed method of analyzing and presenting the transfer function allows to diagnose the causes of generating parasitic harmonics, what makes it a useful tool when designing low distortion amplifier systems, such as e.g. amplifiers in measurement systems. The presented THD correction can be used in e.g. amplifier systems that cooperate with arbitrary generators.

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2

Mei, Shangming, Yihua Hu, Hui Xu, and Huiqing Wen. "The Class D Audio Power Amplifier: A Review." Electronics 11, no. 19 (October 9, 2022): 3244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11193244.

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Class D power amplifiers, one of the most critical devices for application in sound systems, face severe challenges due to the increasing requirement of smartphones, digital television, digital sound, and other terminals. The audio power amplifier has developed from a transistor amplifier to a field-effect tube amplifier, and digital amplifiers have made significant progress in circuit technology, components, and ideological understanding. The stumbling blocks for a successful power amplifier are low power efficiency and a high distortion rate. Therefore, Class D audio amplifiers are becoming necessary for smartphones and terminals due to their power efficiency. However, the switching nature and intrinsic worst linearity of Class D amplifiers compared to linear amplifiers make it hard to dominate the market for high-quality speakers. The breakthrough arrived with the GaN device, which is appropriate for fast-switching and high-power-density power electronics switching elements compared with traditional Si devices, thus, reducing power electronic systems’ weight, power consumption, and cost. GaN devices allow Class D audio amplifiers to have high fidelity and efficiency. This paper analyzes and discusses the topological structure and characteristics and makes a judgment that Class D amplifiers based on GaN amplifiers are the future development direction of audio amplifiers.

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3

SUDO, SHOICHI. "PROGRESS IN OPTICAL FIBER AMPLIFIERS." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 07, no. 01 (March 1996): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156496000025.

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Recent progress in fiber amplifier technology is reviewed. Broad band and high power are currently the key goals in the field of fiber amplifiers in conjunction with amplified system development. Broad-band EDFAs using fluoride-based hosts and high-power EDFAs with powerful pump lasers are described in detail. Recent progress and other requirements for optical amplifiers i.e. high gain, low noise, and high reliability, are all reviewed. The limitations in relation to achievable gain are described as well as the highest gain ever achieved. A method for its reduction are described. In relation to reliability, this paper mainly focuses on fluoride fiber. Recent progress on the main characteristics of 1.3 µm PDFA is reviewed and transmission experiment are described. Several attempts to construct fiber amplifiers operating at 0.8 µm, 1.4 µm, and 1.65 µm are also reviewed. In the field of amplified systems, WDM and remote pumping TDM techniques are a high priority. In particular, various WDM experiments such as long-distance WDM transmission, WDM soliton transmission, and WDM networks are all described in detail.

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4

Sidorova, I. N., V. I. Shalomanov, and V. V. Morozikov. "MARKET ANALYSIS OF ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT: SOLID-STATE C-BAND AMPLIFIERS." Electronic engineering Series 2 Semiconductor devices 259, no. 4 (2020): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36845/2073-8250-2020-259-4-49-55.

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thors perform the research of solid-state power amplifiers, operating in 0-6 GHz band, current market state and its future perspectives. The research is based on information available to'public, which describes technical and economical characteristics of existing devices. The information is gathered from companies-manufacturers and major online marketplaces. The comparison of technical and economical attributes for available devices is done then and the necessity for new power amplifier research is justified in view of existing disadvantages of amplifiers manufactured in Russia.

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5

Bakerenkov, A. S., V. S. Pershenkov, A. V. Solomatin, V. V. Belyakov, and V. V. Shurenkov. "Radiation Degradation Modeling of Bipolar Operational Amplifier Input Offset Voltage in LTSpice IV." Applied Mechanics and Materials 565 (June 2014): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.565.138.

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Integrated circuits are used in electronic equipment of spaceships. Therefore, they are impacted by ionizing radiation during space mission. It leads to electronic equipment failures. At present operational amplifiers are base elements of analog electronic devices. Radiation impact leads to degradation of operational amplifiers input stages. Input bias current increasing and input offset voltage drifts are the results of ionizing radiation expose of operational amplifiers. Therefore, space application electronic equipment fails after accumulation of limit dose. It isn’t difficult to estimate radiation degradation of input bias currents of bipolar operational amplifiers, but estimation of dose dependence of input offset voltage drift is more complex issue. Schematic modeling technique based on Gummel–Poon transistor model for estimation of input offset voltage drift produced by space radiation impact was experimentally verified for LM324 operational amplifier and presented in this work. Radiation sensitive parameters of Gummel–Poon model were determined using 2N2907 bipolar pnp transistor.

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6

Riedesel, Mark A., John A. Orcutt, and Robert D. Moore. "Limits of sensitivity of inertial seismometers with velocity transducers and electronic amplifiers." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 80, no. 6A (December 1, 1990): 1725–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa08006a1725.

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Abstract Portable instruments such as ocean bottom seismographs and the PASSCAL recorders often use rugged, portable geophones. The desire to use such sensors for relatively low-frequency work has raised questions about the limits of their sensitivity. The lower and upper frequency limits of performance of seismic sensors are determined by the sensor's mass, period, and Q, and by the amplifiers used with those sensors. We have tested Mark Products 1 Hz, 2 Hz, and 4.5 Hz velocity transducers against Streckeisen seismometers in order to examine the limits of their performance in measuring ground noise, particularly at low frequencies. Among the velocity transducers, only the 1 Hz Mark Products L-4 sensor provided good resolution of the 6-sec microseism peak. For this sensor, the lower limits of sensitivity was at approximately 0.06 Hz, although this depends on the amplifier used and the noise level at a given site. The amplifiers examined included conventional, low power, and commutating auto-zero operational amplifiers. It was found that the noise levels of the amplifiers intersected the ground noise level at frequencies ranging between 0.06 and 0.2 sec, depending on the amplifier and the exact circuit design. Measurements indicated that by modeling the amplifier noise for a given circuit correctly, the performance of an amplifier can be predicted with a high degree of accuracy, obviating the need for actual circuit construction to determine performance in the field. Given the very steep slope of the ground noise spectrum between 0.05 and 0.1 Hz and the rapid fall off in a seismometer's output below its resonant frequency, it would require a lowering of amplifier noise by more than an order of magnitude to be able to resolve ground noise at frequencies lower than 0.05 Hz using relatively small geophones such as the L-4. To resolve ground noise at lower frequencies, it is necessary to use a seismometer with a displacement transducer to sense the mass position, such as Guralp or Streckeisen sensors.

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7

Li, Feng, Jiali Xiang, Tao Li, Danni Shen, and Tian Li. "Active Indoor Soundscape Design: A Case Study of Ceramic Passive Amplifiers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18 (September 7, 2022): 11251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811251.

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Indoor soundscape research has developed rapidly in recent years, with the aim of improving the single indoor noise reduction method and people’s acoustic comfort. However, practical solutions to promote the generation of positive indoor soundscapes are still insufficient. The purpose of this study was to explore the improvement effect of ceramic passive amplifiers on the indoor soundscape and the relationship between the improvement effect and different amplifier shapes. Objective sound pressure level (SPL) values and subjective soundscape perception were measured for 10 ceramic passive amplifiers based on the soundscape, mainly using a comparative method. Ten sample amplifiers were compared with the acoustic data of the original open-plan studio environment, and then with an electronic sound amplifier. The results show that ceramic passive amplifiers can improve the quality of the indoor soundscape by creating sound scenes with appropriate loudness. Regarding non-acoustic aspects, the shape and materials of ceramic passive amplifiers play a positive role in emotional guidance.

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8

Sullivan, J. A. "Simplified model for designing large KrF amplifiers." Laser and Particle Beams 11, no. 1 (March 1993): 241–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600007084.

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A simplified model for determining the performance of large krypton-fluoride laser amplifiers is presented. The model includes a straightforward treatment of the controlling kinetics, an exact solution for energy extraction, and an approximation to amplified spontaneous emission losses; it can be easily programmed to run on personal computers. The inclusion of the controlling basic physics for KrF lasers makes the model ideally suited for the many calculations that are necessary to optimize the design of a specific amplifier. The basic parameters determined in the model are compared to experimental data wherever possible, and the large amplifier performance predictions are compared to the results from the most sophisticated kinetics and a 3-D extraction model that includes a full treatment of losses due to amplified spontaneous emission.

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9

Woestenburg, E. E. M. "Noise properties of balanced amplifier configurations." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 3, no. 1 (February 2011): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078711000018.

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This paper analyzes the noise properties of balanced amplifier configurations in terms of noise waves and discusses the effect of various amplifier configurations on the noise and signal parameters. It shows how the noise generated in the load on the input coupler of a balanced amplifier deteriorates the amplifiers noise resistance parameter with respect to that of its component amplifiers. The properties of two new balanced amplifier configurations will be discussed, which enable the reduction or elimination of this deterioration.

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10

Gajare, Milind, and Shedge D.K. "CMOS Trans Conductance based Instrumentation Amplifier for Various Biomedical Signal Analysis." NeuroQuantology 20, no. 5 (April 30, 2022): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2022.20.5.nq22148.

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Feed forward design techniques for the Trans-conductance operational amplifier removes the barriers of operating frequencies. It is now possible to design amplifiers with large the Trans-conductance that operates at Giga hertz frequency range. There are several Trans-conductance amplifiers used to design a medical and Industrial application that helps in processing various bio medical signals such as Electrocardiographs, Electroencephalographs, Electromyograms and several others. The proposed paper shows the implementation of an instrumentation amplifier using CMOS based the Trans-conductance operational amplifiers also the processing of biomedical ECG, EEG and EMG signals. The CMOS process technology helps to integrate complex circuits on minimal surface area. The Trans-conductance instrumentation operational amplifiers has features includes noise reduction, low DC offset, High output impedance and Common Mode rejection Ratio values. The circuit implementation and simulations has been done on Electronic Design and Automation tool with 0.13μm CMOS process technology.

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11

Sullivan, J. A., G. R. Allen, R. R. Berggren, S. J. Czuchlewski, D. B. Harris, M. E. Jones, B. J. Krohn, et al. "KrF amplifier design issues and application to inertial confinement fusion system design." Laser and Particle Beams 11, no. 2 (June 1993): 359–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600004961.

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Los Alamos National Laboratory has assembled an array of experimental and theoretical tools to optimize amplifier design for future single-pulse KrF lasers. The next opportunity to exercise these tools is with the design of the second-generation NIKE system under construction at the Naval Research Laboratory with the collaboration of Los Alamos National Laboratory. Major issues include laser physics (energy extraction in large modules with amplified spontaneous emission) and diode performance and efficiency. Low cost is increasingly important for larger future KrF single-pulse systems (low cost and high efficiency is important for larger repetitively pulsed applications such as electric power production). In this article, we present our approach to amplifier scaling and discuss the more important design considerations for large single-pulse KrF amplifiers. We point out where improvements in the fundamental database for KrF amplifiers could lead to increased confidence in performance predictions for large amplifiers and address the currently unresolved issues of anomalous absorption near line center and the possibility of diode instabilities for lowimpedance designs. Los Alamos has applied these amplifier design tools to the conceptual design of a 100-kJ Laser Target Test Facility and a 3-MJ Laboratory Microfusion Facility.

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12

Choi, Hojong. "Development of a Class-C Power Amplifier with Diode Expander Architecture for Point-of-Care Ultrasound Systems." Micromachines 10, no. 10 (October 14, 2019): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10100697.

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Point-of-care ultrasound systems are widely used in ambulances and emergency rooms. However, the excessive heat generated from ultrasound transmitters has an impact on the implementation of piezoelectric transducer elements and on battery consumption, thereby affecting the system’s sensitivity and resolution. Non-linear power amplifiers, such as class-C amplifiers, could substitute linear power amplifiers, such as class-A amplifiers, which are currently used in point-of-care ultrasound systems. However, class-C power amplifiers generate less output power, resulting in a reduction of system sensitivity. To overcome this issue, we propose a new diode expander architecture dedicated to power amplifiers to reduce the effects of sinusoidal pulses toward the power supply. Thus, the proposed architecture could increase the input pulse amplitudes applied to the main transistors in the power amplifiers, hence increasing the output voltage of such amplifiers. To verify the proposed concept, pulse-echo responses from an ultrasonic transducer were tested with the developed class-C power amplifier using a resistor divider and the designed diode expander architecture. The peak-to-peak amplitude of the echo signals of the ultrasonic transducers when using a class-C power amplifier with a diode expander architecture (2.98 Vp–p) was higher than that for the class-C power amplifier with a resistor divider architecture (2.51 Vp–p). Therefore, the proposed class-C power amplifier with diode expander architecture is a potential candidate for improving the sensitivity performance of piezoelectric transducers for point-of-care ultrasound systems.

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13

Abuelma'atti, Muhammad Taher, and Mazen M. Johar. "Chaos in a Non-Autonomous Inductorless Active-RC Circuit." Active and Passive Electronic Components 18, no. 3 (1995): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1995/93790.

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Chaotic performance of a simple inductorless active-RC non-autonomous electronic circuit is reported. The circuit uses two operational amplifiers, an operational transconductance amplifier, a diode, two resistors, and one capacitor only. No discrete inductors are involved.

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14

Shvets, A. G., and I. M. Rarenko. "ELECTRONIC DESIGN OF CHARGE SENSITIVE AMPLIFIERS." Sensor Electronics and Microsystem Technologies 5, no. 2 (May 27, 2008): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/1815-7459.2008.2.114585.

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15

SURAKAMPONTORN, WANLOP, VANCHAI RIEWRUJA, CHARRAY SURAWATPUNYA, and SUWAN YODLADDA. "Instrumentation amplifiers using operational transconductance amplifiers." International Journal of Electronics 71, no. 3 (September 1991): 511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207219108925496.

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16

Chong, Peng Lean, Silvia Ganesan, Poh Kiat Ng, and Feng Yuan Kong. "A TRIZ-Adopted Development of a Compact Experimental Board for the Teaching and Learning of Operational Amplifier with Multiple Circuit Configurations." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (October 29, 2022): 14115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114115.

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Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are generally used for actualizing simple and complex electronic circuits in the subject of analogue electronics. In an effort to improve the teaching of op-amps in electronics engineering curricula, op-amp circuits in various configurations are often used for experiments in laboratory sessions so that students can acquire certain psychomotor and cognitive skills by constructing circuit connections and analyzing input–output waveforms. As a result, multiple configurations of operational amplifier circuits are often needed, requiring multiple sets of experimental boards or circuits for each experiment. This is usually not cost effective, requires more consumable electronic components, requires more maintenance and storage space in facilities, and is less user friendly for the students. Therefore, the aim of this research is to design a single, compact, and easy-to-replicate experimental board that can be converted into multiple configurations of the LM741 operational amplifier, comprising an inverting amplifier, a noninverting amplifier, a voltage follower, a summing amplifier, a differential amplifier, a differentiator, and an integrator, with minimal electronic components at a cost lower than EUR 10. The experimental board was tested with a constant input voltage of 1.0 V AC and a switching frequency of 1.0 kHz. It is capable of producing an output voltage corresponding to the individual operational amplifier configurations and can thus be used as a facilitating module for teaching and learning activities in the field of analogue electronics.

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17

Al-Ali, Abdulrahman Khalaf, Muhammad Taher Abuelma'atti, and Syed Yunus. "Digitally Programmable Integrator and Differentiator." Active and Passive Electronic Components 17, no. 4 (1995): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1995/62617.

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Digitally programmable integrator and differentiator circuits are presented. Each circuit uses at most one operational amplifier, two operational transconductance amplifiers, and one capacitor. The time constants of the circuits are decided by the biasing currents of the operational transconductance amplifiers. The circuits can be easily interfaced with microprocessor-based systems. Experimental results are included.

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18

Maundy, B., S. Gift, and S. Magierowski. "Constant bandwidth current feedback amplifier from two operational amplifiers." International Journal of Electronics 94, no. 6 (June 2007): 605–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207210701296622.

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19

Goren, Chana, Yitzhak Tzuk, Gilad Marcus, and Shaul Pearl. "Amplified Spontaneous Emission in Slab Amplifiers." IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 42, no. 12 (December 2006): 1239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jqe.2006.884580.

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20

Hiti, M. "Validation of combinatorial evaluation of strain-gauge amplifier linearity." ACTA IMEKO 9, no. 5 (December 31, 2020): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v9i5.970.

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This paper describes a validation of a combinatorial calibration technique based calibration procedure for strain-gauge amplifier calibration. The deviation between two strain-gauge amplifiers at calibration using the combinatorial technique is compared to the deviation between the same two amplifiers at calibration on a force calibration machine as a transducer-amplifier chain under unchanged conditions, serving as an amplifier linearity comparator. This enables the validation to be confirmed with a suitable expanded measurement uncertainty of 3 nV/V.

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21

Hart, B. L. "Current Feedback Operational Amplifiers: A Tutorial." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 32, no. 2 (April 1995): 108–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072099503200202.

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Current feedback operational amplifiers: a tutorial In a didactic approach, the amplifying properties of an inverter stage using a current feedback operational amplifier (COA) and one using a voltage feedback operational amplifier (VOA) are compared. Then, following a discussion of COA modelling, the frequency and transient responses of a COA non-inverter stage are analysed.

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22

Yan, Jonmei J., Paul Draxler, Calogero D. Presti, Donald F. Kimball, and Peter M. Asbeck. "Digital predistortion of envelope-tracking power amplifiers under average power back-off and long-term average power efficiency for base-station applications." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 5, no. 2 (February 18, 2013): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078713000147.

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In many base-station applications, the load/usage fluctuates over time periods of hours to days, thereby varying the required transmit power by as much as 10 dB. It is desirable to maintain high efficiency and linearity in the power amplifier under these back-off conditions in order to achieve high long-term efficiency. This paper demonstrates a scalable digital predistortion (DPD) approach that can be applied under different power back-off levels in envelope-tracking (ET) amplifiers and quantifies the associated efficiency. Efficiency comparisons are made with other amplifier configurations such as Class B and Doherty. Efficiency of 60% at full power (35 W average power) and >30% efficiency at 10 dB average power back-off are measured in an ET amplifier with a 7.54 dB peak-to-average ratio (PAPR) single-carrier WCDMA signal while meeting linearity specifications. Long-term base-station usage probability functions are presented. The long-term efficiency of the ET amplifiers is simulated to be greater than that of Class B and Doherty amplifiers.

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23

KIRIHARA, TOSHIO, and HIROAKI INOUE. "InP-BASED OPTICAL SWITCH ARRAYS USING SEMICONDUCTOR OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 07, no. 01 (March 1996): 85–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156496000050.

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We present a review of optical switch arrays using semiconductor optical amplifiers. The combination of active and passive switching components and of gate and booster amplifiers is discussed from the viewpoint of the relation between their designs and switching characteristics: loss compensation, crosstalk, spontaneous emission noise, and gain saturation. Demonstrations of carrier-injection type single-slip structure ( S 3) switch with traveling amplifier (COSTA) were reviewed to illustrate the device integration techniques and their potential usefulness in large-scale photonic switching systems even in the presence of spontaneous emission from integrated optical amplifiers.

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24

Paś, Jacek. "Diagnosis of technical parameters of amplifiers used in sound warning systems." Bulletin of the Military University of Technology 66, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5394.

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The article presents a method of diagnosing the technical conditions of a power amplifier which is used in a sound warning system (SWS). Fire Alarm Systems (FAS) and SWSs are electronic safety systems designed to protect life and health. The FAS is used for effective fire detection, while life-threatening SWSs provide efficient communication of emergency information and evacuation routes via voice. The article presents the problem of diagnosing the technical condition of power amplifiers, which are the essential elements of SWSs. Power amplifiers provide a certain level of undistorted audio (alarm messages) to the speaker set that is arranged in a building supervised by FAS. Keywords: amplifier, audible warning system, working parameters

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25

Dadić, Martin. "Modelling of Non–Linear Distortion in Vacuum Triodes Using Trans–Characteristics Inverse and Newton’s Method." Journal of Electrical Engineering 64, no. 4 (June 1, 2013): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2013-0035.

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The increased interest in vacuum tube audio amplifiers led to an increased interest in mathematical modelling of such kind of amplifiers. The main purpose of this paper is to develop a novel global numerical approach in calculation of the harmonic distortion (HD) and intermodulation distortion (IM) of vacuum-triode audio amplifiers, suitable for applications using brute-force of modern computers. Since the 3/2 power law gives only the transcharacteristic inverse of a vacuum triode amplifier, unknown plate currents are determined in this paper iteratively using Newton’s method. Using the resulting input/output pairs, harmonic distortions and intermodulations are calculated using discrete Fourier transform and three different analytical methods.

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26

Aminzadeh, Hamed. "A reliable model for the compensation loop of multistage amplifiers at high frequency." Circuit World 45, no. 4 (November 4, 2019): 268–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cw-03-2019-0021.

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Purpose Multistage amplifiers require a reliable frequency compensation solution to remain stable in a closed-loop configuration. A frequency compensation scheme creates an inner negative feedback loop amongst different amplifying stages and shapes the frequency response such that an unconditionally stable single-pole amplifier results for closed-loop operation. The frequency compensation loop is thus responsible for the placement of the poles and zeros and the final stability of multistage amplifiers. An amplifier incorporating a sophisticated frequency compensation network cannot be, however, analyzed in the presence of a complex ac feedback loop. The purpose of this study is to provide a reliable model for the compensation loop of multistage amplifiers at the higher frequencies. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the major part of the amplifier, including a two-port network comprising the compensation network, is characterized using a reliable feedback model. Findings The model integrates all the frequency-dependent components of the frequency compensation network, and it can evaluate the nondominant real or complex poles of an amplifier. Originality/value The reliability of the proposed model is verified through analysis of the frequency response of the amplifiers and by comparing the analytic results with the simulation results in standard CMOS process.

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Wiegner, Dirk, Gerhard Luz, Patrick Jüschke, Robin Machinal, Thomas Merk, Ulrich Seyfried, Wolfgang Templ, Andreas Pascht, Rüdiger Quay, and Friedbert Van Raay. "AlGaN/GaN-based power amplifiers for mobile radio applications: a review from the system supplier's perspective." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 2, no. 1 (February 2010): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175907871000022x.

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This paper gives a summarized overview on the progress and achievements on AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMT)-based power amplifiers (PAs) for mobile radio applications which have been achieved within two national funded German projects during a period of six years. Starting with a first 34 dBm (2.5 W, peak) amplifier in 2003 the impressive progress toward highly efficient S-band mobile radio PAs with up to >50 dBm (100 W) peak output power is described by means of some selected single- and multiband amplifier demonstrators. This progress has been mainly enabled by clear progress on GaN technology, device packaging, and PA design. Targeting at highly efficient single-band amplifier applications, a 2.7 GHz symmetrical Doherty amplifier with up to 45% drain efficiency at close to 45 dBm average output power under single-carrier W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) operation using digital predistortion can be highlighted. In case of multiband capable amplifiers addressing software-defined radio applications, a class-AB-based demonstrator covering a frequency range from 1.8 to 2.7 GHz was realized. The amplifier showed >30% drain efficiency up to 2.5 GHz as well as up to 40 dBm average output power under single-carrier W-CDMA operation using proprietary digital predistortion. Finally, Alcatel-Lucent's activities on envelope tracking for future efficiency improved GaN-based amplifiers are described.

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28

Belforte, G., G. Eula, A. Ivanov, A. Manuello Bertetto, and V. Viktorov. "Intrinsically Safe Pneumatic Amplifier for Mechatronic Systems." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 9, no. 4 (August 20, 1997): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1997.p0304.

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Many applications require the use of maintenance-free, single-version, non-electrical, movement-free, intrinsically safe devices, devices able to be implemented with different fluids. Fluidic elements satisfy these requisites. Fluidic proportional amplifiers are of particular interest, because they proportionally amplify an output signal compared to the control signal. We developed a highgain proportional amplifier that amplifies signals optimally at the output even with very low command signals. This broads the range of applications for these devices as control systems. Our results demonstrate that our element has good operating characteristics.

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Xu, Lisong, Hongwen Li, Pengzhi Li, and Chuan Ge. "The Application of Classical Control in the Design and Analysis of Power Amplifiers for Driving Piezoelectric Stack Actuators." Electronics 10, no. 6 (March 18, 2021): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10060720.

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This study proposes a new method to design an analog circuit based on the control model of the circuit, and the method is applied in the design of the power amplifiers for driving piezoelectric stack actuators. Focusing on the stability of the circuit, two power amplifiers for driving piezoelectric stack actuators are analyzed deeply. The power amplifier using high-voltage operational amplifiers has a simple circuit structure, and the bandwidth and the ripple of the power amplifier are about 43 kHz and 16 mV, respectively. As for the power amplifier using general operational amplifiers, it possesses the qualities of low cost and simple circuit structure, and the bandwidth and the ripple are 53 kHz and less than 2 mV, respectively. Moreover, the proposed power amplifiers can well drive the mechanism stage during the moving range of the piezoelectric stack actuator, and the travelling ranges are both about 13 μm. Viewing the circuit design as control system design, applying control system design method in circuit design and working with PSpice simulation of the circuit: these are the main contents of the proposed method, and the method offers an answer to designing a power amplifier systematically.

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Bromage, J., P. J. Winzer, L. E. Nelson, M. D. Mermelstein, C. Horn, and C. H. Headley. "Amplified spontaneous emission in pulse-pumped Raman amplifiers." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 15, no. 5 (May 2003): 667–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2003.809954.

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31

Shukla, Sachchida Nand, Syed Shamroz Arshad, and Geetika Srivastava. "NPN Sziklai pair small-signal amplifier for high gain low noise submicron voltage recorder." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i1.pp11-22.

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Small signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and multiple noise sources, coupled with very weak signal amplitudes of bio signals make brain-computer interface (BCI) application studies a challenging task. The front-end recorder amplifiers receive very-weak signal (few μV) from high impedance electrodes and for efficient processing of such weak and low frequency (<1 kHz) signals a high gain amplifier with very low operating voltage and low total harmonic distortion (THD) is required. Existing amplifiers suffer from problem of high non-linearity and low common mode rejection. A good sense amplifier at predeceasing stage can solve this problem. Utilizing very high amplification factor of Sziklai Pair, this paper proposes two circuit topologies of common-emitter and common-collector negative-positive-negative (NPN) Sziklai Pair small signal amplifiers suitable for use in preamplifier stages of such signal acquisition circuit. Present study provides broad-spectrum of analysis of these amplifiers covering effect of additional biasing resistance RA, variation of ‘ideal forward maximum beta’ β, temperature dependency, noise sensitivity and phase variation. The tunable capability of first topology makes it a suitable candidate in wide variety of other applications. The first amplifier operates on very low input voltage range (0.1μV-6mV) whereas the second amplifier works on 100 μV-11 mV range of input voltage.

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32

Watkins, G. T. "High bandwidth current mode amplifier for envelope modulated RF amplifiers." Electronics Letters 46, no. 13 (2010): 894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2010.1376.

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Schuh, Patrick, Hardy Sledzik, Rolf Reber, Andreas Fleckenstein, Ralf Leberer, Martin Oppermann, Rüdiger Quay, et al. "X-band T/R-module front-end based on GaN MMICs." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 1, no. 4 (June 22, 2009): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078709990389.

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Amplifiers for the next generation of T/R modules in future active array antennas are realized as monolithically integrated circuits (MMIC) on the basis of novel AlGaN/GaN (is a chemical material description) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structures. Both low-noise and power amplifiers are designed for X-band frequencies. The MMICs are designed, simulated, and fabricated using a novel via-hole microstrip technology. Output power levels of 6.8 W (38 dBm) for the driver amplifier (DA) and 20 W (43 dBm) for the high-power amplifier (HPA) are measured. The measured noise figure of the low-noise amplifier (LNA) is in the range of 1.5 dB. A T/R-module front-end with mounted GaN MMICs is designed based on a multi-layer low-temperature cofired ceramic technology (LTCC).

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34

Ali, N. T. "Non-Linear Characterization of Memoryless SSP Amplifiers." Active and Passive Electronic Components 25, no. 3 (2002): 249–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08827510213498.

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This paper describes a testbed, which is able to generate all of the standard test signals used for characterising nonlinear amplifiers. The testbed is shown to be sufficiently linear to avoid any possible masking of the non-linear effects of the amplifier under test. All the standard tests: single-carrier, two-carrier, multi-carrier and NPR are applied to a laboratory amplifier and their results found to be in reasonably good agreement with the most popular prediction techniques. The merits of the individual test have been highlighted.

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35

Singh, Kulwinder, Karan Goel, Kamaljit Singh Bhatia, and Hardeep Singh Ryait. "Investigations of Different Amplifiers in 16 × 40 Gb/S WDM System." Journal of Optical Communications 40, no. 4 (October 25, 2019): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0092.

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Abstract Different fiber amplifiers such as semiconductor optical amplifier, erbium-doped fiber amplifier and erbium ytterbium-co-doped fiber amplifier (EYCDFA) are investigated for 16×40 GB/s wavelength division multiplexing system. Various performance parameters including Q-factor, bit error rate, jitter, eye opening and eye closure are observed and analyzed. It is reported that EYCDFA is a better choice among the tested amplifiers. The proposed system is also investigated in terms of transmission distance.

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36

Huang, H., and G. J. Tallents. "The output of a laser amplifier with simultaneous amplified spontaneous emission and an injected seed." Laser and Particle Beams 27, no. 3 (June 19, 2009): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034609000500.

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AbstractThe minimum irradiance needed to overcome amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) of a seed beam injected into a laser amplifier is evaluated. The treatment is particularly applicable to extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and X-ray laser schemes to inject laser harmonic radiation as a seed into (1) plasma laser amplifiers and (2) free-electron lasers. Simple expressions and calculations are given for the minimum injected irradiance required for amplification of the injected seed beam to exceed ASE from the amplifier, including the effects of gain saturation, assuming one dimensional radiative transfer.

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37

Sahota, Jasjot Kaur, and Divya Dhawan. "Performance Analysis of Homodyne-Based FSO System Using Various Optical Amplifiers." Journal of Optical Communications 41, no. 4 (April 28, 2020): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2018-0005.

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AbstractA detailed performance analysis of homodyne-based coherent detection in Free-space optics (FSO) with various optical amplifiers is presented in this paper. Using homodyne detection in FSO system, the effect of scintillation is mitigated. To further enhance the performance of FSO system, various optical amplifiers such as erbium-doped fibre amplifier, semiconductor optical amplifier, gain-controlled amplifier and black box model of amplifier can be employed in the system. Improvement in the system can be validated in terms of BER, Q-factor and eye diagram.

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You, Kiheum, and Hojong Choi. "Wide Bandwidth Class-S Power Amplifiers for Ultrasonic Devices." Sensors 20, no. 1 (January 4, 2020): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010290.

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Wide bandwidth ultrasonic devices are a necessity in high-resolution ultrasonic systems. Therefore, constant output voltages need to be produced across the wide bandwidths of a power amplifier. We present the first design of a wide bandwidth class-S power amplifier for ultrasonic devices. The −6 dB bandwidth of the developed class-S power amplifier was measured at 125.07% at 20 MHz, thus, offering a wide bandwidth for ultrasonic devices. Pulse-echo measurement is a performance measurement method used to evaluate the performance of ultrasonic transducers, components, or systems. The pulse-echo signals were obtained using an ultrasonic transducer with designed power amplifiers. In the pulse-echo measurements, time and frequency analyses were conducted to evaluate the bandwidth flatness of the power amplifiers. The frequency range of the ultrasonic transducer was measured and compared when using the developed class-S and commercial class-A power amplifiers with the same output voltages. The class-S power amplifiers had a relatively flat bandwidth (109.7 mV at 17 MHz, 112.0 mV at 20 MHz, and 109.5 mV at 23 MHz). When the commercial class-A power amplifier was evaluated under the same conditions, an uneven bandwidth was recorded (110.6 mV at 17 MHz, 111.5 mV at 20 MHz, and 85.0 mV at 23 MHz). Thus, we demonstrated that the designed class-S power amplifiers could prove useful for ultrasonic devices with a wide frequency range.

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Choi, Hojong. "Class-C Linearized Amplifier for Portable Ultrasound Instruments." Sensors 19, no. 4 (February 21, 2019): 898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19040898.

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Transistor linearizer networks are proposed to increase the transmitted output voltage amplitudes of class-C amplifiers, thus, increasing the sensitivity of the echo signals of piezoelectric transducers, which are the main components in portable ultrasound instruments. For such instruments, class-C amplifiers could be among the most efficient amplifier schemes because, compared with a linear amplifier such as a class-A amplifier, they could critically reduce direct current (DC) power consumption, thus, increasing the battery life of the instruments. However, the reduced output voltage amplitudes of class-C amplifiers could deteriorate the sensitivity of the echo signals, thereby affecting the instrument performance. Therefore, a class-C linearized amplifier was developed. To verify the capability of the class-C linearized amplifier, typical pulse-echo responses using the focused piezoelectric transducers were tested. The echo signal amplitude generated by the piezoelectric transducers when using the class-C linearized amplifier was improved (1.29 Vp-p) compared with that when using the class-C amplifier alone (0.56 Vp-p). Therefore, the class-C linearized amplifier could be a potential candidate to increase the sensitivity of echo signals while reducing the DC power consumption for portable ultrasound instruments.

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Kwak, Joon Young, and Sung-Yun Park. "Compact Continuous Time Common-Mode Feedback Circuit for Low-Power, Area-Constrained Neural Recording Amplifiers." Electronics 10, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10020145.

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A continuous-time common-mode feedback (CMFB) circuit for low-power, area-constrained neural recording amplifiers is proposed. The proposed CMFB circuit is compact; it can be realized by simply replacing passive components with transistors in a low-noise folded cascode operational transconductance amplifier (FC-OTA) that is one of the most widely adopted OTAs for neural recording amplifiers. The proposed CMFB also consumes no additional power, i.e., no separate CMFB amplifier is required, thus, it fits well to low-power, area-constrained multichannel neural recording amplifiers. The proposed CMFB is analyzed in the implementation of a fully differential AC-coupled neural recording amplifier and compared with that of an identical neural recording amplifier using a conventional differential difference amplifier-based CMFB in 0.18 μm CMOS technology post-layout simulations. The AC-coupled neural recording amplifier with the proposed CMFB occupies ~37% less area and consumes ~11% smaller power, providing 2.67× larger output common mode (CM) range without CM bandwidth sacrifice in the comparison.

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41

Vasić, Miroslav, Oscar García, J. J. A. Oliver, P. P. Alou, D. D. Diaz, R. R. Prieto, and J. J. A. Cobos. "Envelope Amplifier Based on Switching Capacitors for High-Efficiency RF Amplifiers." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 27, no. 3 (March 2012): 1359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2011.2163646.

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42

Lai, Fu-Shun, Jau-Ji Jou, and Cheng-Kuang Liu. "Indicator of amplified spontaneous emission in erbium doped fibre amplifiers." Electronics Letters 35, no. 7 (1999): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19990383.

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43

Mazur, Vladimir, Elena Golovkova, and Egor Anufriev. "APPLICATION OF THE EVERYCIRCUIT PROGRAM ON THE DISCIPLINE «CIRCUIT DESIGN» FOR BUILDING TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIERS." Scientific Papers Collection of the Angarsk State Technical University 2022, no. 1 (June 17, 2022): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-7788-2022-1-39-43.

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The application of the program of technical simulation EveryCircuit is provided for modeling electronic circuits, in relation to a large circuit of the operation of transistor amplifiers within the discipline «Circuit Engineering». The program allows you to more clearly establish the principle of operation of the developed amplifier circuit and allow setting the negative operating mode of the tran-sistor. Examples of using programs are given and the setting of a transistor amplifier is clearly imple-mented

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44

Milecki, Andrzej, and Roman Regulski. "Investigations of electronic amplifiers supplying a piezobimorph actuator." Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 78 (October 2016): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2016.01.011.

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45

Alberro, Mikel, F. F. Marzo, A. P. Manso, Víctoriano Domínguez, J. Barranco, and X. Garikano. "Electronic modeling of a PEMFC with logarithmic amplifiers." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 40, no. 9 (March 2015): 3708–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.01.070.

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46

Omer, Mohammad, and Farasat Munir. "Interference cancellation for higher harmonics of supply-modulated efficient RF power amplifier systems." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 9, no. 4 (August 18, 2016): 729–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078716000933.

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In building highly efficient transmitters of today, one is forced to sacrifice linearity for efficiency. Some of the highest power amplifier efficiency figures are reported by envelope tracking (ET) amplifiers. These amplifiers can generate strong higher-order harmonics, which can lead to interference with receivers operating at the harmonic frequencies. Using non-linear interference cancellation, we can help to remove the interference being caused in those receivers. This paper looks at the problem of modeling the third and second-order harmonic emission from an ET amplifier. It derives the non-linear kernel for estimating such interference. This kernel has been rigorously expanded to show its correlation with the various harmonics and its effectiveness in predicting the harmonic content. We then set up an envelope amplifier test-bench to capture harmonic signal content and cancel it using the derived kernel model. The experiment yields excellent agreement with theory and provides a validation of the system and concept.

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Schuh, Patrick, Hardy Sledzik, Rolf Reber, Kristina Widmer, Martin Oppermann, Markus Mußer, Matthias Seelmann-Eggebert, and Rudolf Kiefer. "GaN-based amplifiers for wideband applications." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 2, no. 1 (February 2010): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078710000152.

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Different wideband amplifiers, hybrid designs at lower frequencies, and monolithically integrated circuits (MMIC) at higher frequencies were designed, fabricated, and measured. These amplifiers are all based on AlGaN/GaN HEMT technology. The future applications for these types of amplifiers are mainly electronic warfare (EW) applications. Novel communication jammers and especially active electronically scanned array EW systems have a high demand for wideband high power amplifiers. The second application also needs high robust low noise amplifiers for its receive path. Output power levels of 38 W for hybrid amplifiers at lower frequencies up to 6 GHz and 15 W for the MMIC power amplifiers at higher frequencies are measured. With these building blocks, novel EW system approaches can be investigated.

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48

ELNOZAHI, MOHAMED, and YEHIA MASSOUD. "ON THE TAPERING FACTOR FOR WIDE-BAND CASCADED AMPLIFIERS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 17, no. 01 (February 2008): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126608004137.

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Designing wide-band amplifiers has become one of the important issues in wireless and optical high-performance System-on-Chip applications. In this paper, we present a newly developed analytical tapering factor that determines the optimal size of each stage of the cascaded amplifier. The utilization of our developed tapering factor can lead to a significant improvement in the amplifier bandwidth as compared with the standard cascaded amplifier unity tapering factor.

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Hallberg, William, Dhecha Nopchinda, Christian Fager, and Koen Buisman. "Emulation of Doherty Amplifiers Using Single- Amplifier Load–Pull Measurements." IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 30, no. 1 (January 2020): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lmwc.2019.2955065.

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Zhou, Shaohua, Cheng Yang, and Jian Wang. "Modeling of Key Specifications for RF Amplifiers Using the Extreme Learning Machine." Micromachines 13, no. 5 (April 28, 2022): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13050693.

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The amplifier is a key component of the radio frequency (RF) front-end, and its specifications directly determine the performance of the system in which it is located. Unfortunately, amplifiers’ specifications degrade with temperature and even lead to system failure. To study how the system failure is affected by the amplifier specification degradation, it is necessary to couple the amplifier specification degradation into the system optimization design. Furthermore, to couple the amplifier specification degradation into the optimal design of the system, it is necessary to model the characteristics of the amplifier specification change with temperature. In this paper, the temperature characteristics of two amplifiers are modeled using an extreme learning machine (ELM), and the results show that the model agrees well with the measurement results and can effectively reduce measurement time and cost.

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