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Journal articles on the topic 'Electronic and electric waste'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Andrei, Elena Ramona, Andreea Gabriela Oporan, Paul Ghioca, Lorena Iancu, Madalina David, Rodica-Mariana Ion, Zina Vuluga, Bogdan Spurcaciu, and Ramona Marina Grigorescu. "Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Processing as Thermoplastic Composites." Proceedings 57, no. 1 (November 12, 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020057058.

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S. Mahima, S. Mahima. "Rules on Electronic Waste Management - An Analysis." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): 94–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/apr2013/31.

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3

S.Mahima, S. Mahima. "Management of Electronic Waste- Methods and Measures." Global Journal For Research Analysis 3, no. 1 (June 15, 2012): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/january2014/16.

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4

Kachmar, N., O. Mazurak, A. Dydiv, and T. Bahday. "Experience of certain countries in electronic and electric waste management." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 90 (April 26, 2019): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9010.

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The paper present result of research concerning the problems of handling electronic and electrical waste that households produce at home and analysed the main problems associated with this issue in Ukraine and in the world. The object of the study was telephones (ukrainians use 53.6 million mobile communication devices), refrigerators, washing machines and TVs. The production of electrical and electronic equipment is one of the fastest growing global manufacturing activities. This development has resulted in an increase of waste electric and electronic equipment which constitute a risk to the environment and sustainable economic growth. Recycling of electronic and electrical waste is very expensive. There is a problem with electronic and electrical waste in Ukraine. To accumulate in the soil or to burn these waste is harmful. Every year on our planet about 50 million tons of electronic waste are generated. It was established that 53% of the interviewed students changed 1 phone in the last three years, 24% – 2 phones and 7% – more than 3. Students wanted a new phone. Most of the phones are at home, and the rest were given to their relatives or thrown into the trash. Ukrainians replace refrigerators, TVs and washing machines less often. Most Ukrainians change refrigerators. The largest amount of electronic waste is produced in Australia, New Zealand and Oceania (17.3 kg per inhabitant), in Europe – 16.6 kg per inhabitant and 11.6 kg waste per inhabitant of North and South America. In Japan, Norway, the Netherlands, Germany, Sweden and Poland, the process of disposal of used home appliances is well organized. However, economically developed countries utilize only part of the waste in their territory, while the rest are exported to landfills in Pakistan, Vietnam, Nigeria. The world's largest dump of electronic and electrical waste is in Ghana. To address potential environmental problems that could stem from improper management of WEEE, many countries and organizations have drafted national legislation to improve the reuse, recycling and other forms of material recovery from WEEE to reduce the amount and types of materials disposed in landfills.

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S.Mahima, S. Mahima. "Environmentally Sound Electronic Waste Treatment Technologies - An Analysis." Global Journal For Research Analysis 3, no. 5 (June 15, 2012): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/may2014/9.

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6

Lee, Jaeryeong. "Disassembly of the Mounted Electric/Electronic Components on Wasted Printed Circuit Board and their Characterizations." Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers 49, no. 6 (2012): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.12972/ksmer.2012.49.6.728.

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7

Popa, I. Luminiţa, and N. Vasile Popa. "PLM and Eco-Design of Electronic Products According with Circular Economy Principles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 657 (October 2014): 1031–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.657.1031.

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The article is focused on new application of eco-design in the field of electronics. The concept of circular economy is a new trend in manufacturing technologies. It is not clear when an electronic product, being the last phase of lifecycle, will be defined as a waste. According with principles of circular economy there is no waste, only resources. The designer needs to design the electronic products taking in consideration the amount of resources which is the outcome of PLM. The Waste of Electronic and Electric Equipments (WEEE) is used as an input for another industrial process. Thus, the cycle is completed, nothing is lost and there is no pollution.

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Hadi, Pejman, John Barford, and Gordon McKay. "Electronic Waste as a New Precursor for Adsorbent Production." SIJ Transactions on Industrial, Financial & Business Management 01, no. 04 (October 23, 2013): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/sijifbm/v1i4/0104540402.

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9

Pérez-Belis, V., M. D. Bovea, and A. Gómez. "Waste electric and electronic toys: Management practices and characterisation." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 77 (August 2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.05.002.

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10

Shah Khan, Safdar, Suleman Aziz Lodhi, Faiza Akhtar, and Irshad Khokar. "Challenges of waste of electric and electronic equipment (WEEE)." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 25, no. 2 (March 4, 2014): 166–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-12-2012-0077.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the recent global situation on waste of electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) management and recommend policy directions for designing environmental strategies. Design/methodology/approach – Qualitative research approach is adopted to review studies on WEEE management in developed and developing countries. The focus is to critically consider the available options for its safe management. Findings – Approximately 40-50 million tons of WEEE is generated worldwide annually and most of it is dumped in the developing countries. WEEE is not a challenge to be faced by a single country as it has trans-boundary effects and ultimately the contamination reaches back to the developed countries with a lapse of time. Research limitations/implications – Data availability on WEEE generation and disposal is in initial stages. Practical implications – Developing countries in Asia and Africa do not have resources to handle WEEE. The unregulated and unsafe WEEE management practices in these countries let hazardous materials to disseminate into the marine life and global ecosystem. Originality/value – The paper recommends policy directions to deal with the emerging issue that may have globally far reaching consequences.

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11

Grigorescu, Grigore, Iancu, Ghioca, and Ion. "Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment: A Review on the Identification Methods for Polymeric Materials." Recycling 4, no. 3 (August 13, 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling4030032.

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Considering that the large quantity of waste electrical and electronic equipment plastics generated annually causes increasing environmental concerns for their recycling and also for preserving of raw material resources, decreasing of energy consumption, or saving the virgin materials used, the present challenge is considered to be the recovery of individual polymers from waste electrical and electronic equipment. This study aims to provide an update of the main identification methods of waste electrical and electronic equipment such as spectroscopic fingerprinting, thermal study, and sample techniques (like identification code and burning test), and the characteristic values in the case of the different analyses of the polymers commonly used in electrical and electronic equipment. Additionally, the quality of the identification is very important, as, depending on this, new materials with suitable properties can be obtained to be used in different industrial applications. The latest research in the field demonstrated that a complete characterization of individual WEEE (Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment) components is important to obtain information on the chemical and physical properties compared to the original polymers and their compounds. The future directions are heading towards reducing the costs by recycling single polymer plastic waste fractions that can replace virgin plastic at a ratio of almost 1:1.

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12

Aier, Arensen, Dr D. Prabhakaran Dr. D. Prabhakaran, and Dr T. Kannadasan Dr. T. Kannadasan. "Recovery of Noble Metals from Electronic Waste by Pyrometallurgy Process." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 12 (June 1, 2012): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/dec2013/65.

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13

Wu, Haijun, Yang Zhang, Shoucong Ning, Li-Dong Zhao, and Stephen J. Pennycook. "Seeing atomic-scale structural origins and foreseeing new pathways to improved thermoelectric materials." Materials Horizons 6, no. 8 (2019): 1548–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9mh00543a.

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Thermoelectricity enables the direct inter-conversion between electrical energy and thermal energy, promising for scavenging electric power from sources of waste heat and protecting solid-state refridgerating electronic devices from overheating.

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14

Jaibee, Shafizan, Abd Khalil Abd Rahim, Fariza Mohamad, Saifulnizan Jamian, Sia Chee Kiong, Yokoyama Seiji, and Nik Hisyamudin Muhd Nor. "Review on Current Status of Waste Electric and Electronic Product in Malaysia." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 898–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.898.

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In the last years, there is an increasing acknowledgment of our impact on the environment due to our lifestyle, while the need to adopt a more sustainable approach as to our consumption habits emerges as of particular significance. This trend regards industrial sectors affecting the consumption habits and, especially, electronic industry where the short life cycles and the rapidly developing technology have led to increased e-waste volumes, such as discarded electronic equipment. Waste Electric and Electronic Product or E-waste is referred to all kind of electric and electronic equipments and appliances that is thrown by users. The majority of such elements result in landfills because it is inexpensive disposal option. The E-waste has become a matter of concern because of toxic and hazardous present in electronic goods and if not properly managed. This equipments are a complicated assembly of thousand material, many of which one highly toxic such as brominates substances, toxic gases, toxic metals, biologically active material, acids, plastics and plastics additives. However, their partial recyclability, due to their material composition along with the unavoidable restrictions in landfills, has led to the development of retrieval techniques for their recycling and re-use, highlighting the significance of e-waste recycling, not only from a waste management aspect but also from a valuable materials' retrieval aspect. This paper provides an overview of E-waste generation and management in Malaysia, which, with rapid economic growth and urbanization, is becoming a major social and environmental issue. Thus, major concern for E-waste management in Malaysia has addressed to environmental protection, compared to quantity control. The challenge now is to make the practice effectively in the many different contexts in Malaysia.

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15

Cui, Jirang, and Eric Forssberg. "Mechanical recycling of waste electric and electronic equipment: a review." Journal of Hazardous Materials 99, no. 3 (May 2003): 243–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3894(03)00061-x.

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16

PETCU, Cătălin, Ana-Maria IFRIM, Cătălin Ionuț SILVESTRU, and Ramona Camelia SILVESTRU. "Evolution of Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment in the EU." Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica 68, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.46904/eea.20.68.3.1108012.

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17

Achilias, D. S., E. V. Antonakou, E. Koutsokosta, and A. A. Lappas. "Chemical recycling of polymers from Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 114, no. 1 (October 5, 2009): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.30533.

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18

Preeti, Mishra, and Apte Sayali. "Scientometric Analysis of Research on End-oflife Electronic Waste and Electric Vehicle Battery Waste." Journal of Scientometric Research 10, no. 1 (May 8, 2021): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/jscires.10.1.5.

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19

Asunción, Arner. "Extended Producer Responsibility for Waste Oil, E-Waste and End-of-Life Vehicles." International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, no. 610 (October 22, 2020): 222–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijefr.610.222.235.

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This paper aims to explore the relationships of the performance of producer responsibility organizations (PROs) for waste oil, waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), and end-of-life vehicles (ELV). The methodology consists in estimating the cointegration equations between the variables of lubricating oil production (SIG), electric and electronic equipment (EEE), and vehicle production (VP) using dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS). Subsequently, elasticities are got based on estimates for Spain over the period 2007-2019 using quarterly data. The main results were that SIG and EEE were cointegrated variables. The elasticity of the SIG variable up to EEE was positive at 2, 4166. Additionally, the elasticity of the SIG variable up to VP was 2, 4050. However, SIG and VP are not cointegrated variables; subsequently, it was not a stable relationship between these variables. Results suggest it was because EPR was applied in WEEE PRO join with a deposit refund system (DRS); meanwhile, EPR in ELV PRO had been applied without subsidies to purchase cars.

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20

Sandhu, Karandeep Singh, Nidhi Gupta, Jatinder Singh, and Preetinder Kaur. "A study on awareness of Dental students in Electronic Waste Management." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2017.4.2.22.

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21

Andersen, Terje, and Bjørn Jæger. "Circularity for Electric and Electronic Equipment (EEE), the Edge and Distributed Ledger (Edge&DL) Model." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (September 3, 2021): 9924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179924.

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In the transition to a circular focus on electric and electronic products, manufacturers play a key role as the originators of both the products and the information about the products. While the waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) directive’s contemporary focus is on handling the product as waste after its end of life, the circular economy focuses on retaining the product’s value with a restorative system. The polluter-pays principle requires producers of pollution to bear the costs of handling the pollution, leading to the extended producer responsibility (EPR) principle. This requires manufacturers to change their focus from their current passive role of out-sourcing end-of-life treatment to taking explicit responsibility for product management over an extended period of time. This paper investigates how a manufacturer can assume its responsibility to achieve circularity for its products. Based on our findings, three fundamental circularity principles, the circular electric and electronic equipment (CEEE) principles, for manufactures of electronic and electrical equipment are defined: (1) Serialize product identifiers, (2) data controlled by their authoritative source at the edge, and (3) independent actors’ access to edge data via a distributer ledger are the foundation of the Edge and Distributed Ledger (Edge&DL) model. We demonstrate the model through a case study of how to achieve circularity for lighting equipment. The CEEE principles and the demonstrated model contribute to building new circularity systems for electronic and electric products that let manufacturers undertake their extended product responsibility.

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22

HAWARI, MUAZ, and MOHAMED H. HASSAN. "E-WASTE: ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATION AND RESEARCH." IIUM Engineering Journal 9, no. 2 (September 29, 2010): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v9i2.97.

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“E-waste” is a popular, informal name for electronic products nearing the end of their “useful life”. This includes discarded computers, televisions, VCRs, stereos, copiers, fax machines, electric lamps, cell phones, audio equipment and batteries. E-wastes are considered dangerous, as certain components of some of these electronic products contain materials; such as lead; that are hazardous, depending on their condition and density. If improperly disposed, E-wastes can leach lead and other substances into soil and groundwater posing a threat to human health and environment. Many of these electronic products can be reused, refurbished, or recycled in an environmentally sound manner so that they are less harmful to the ecosystem. This paper highlights the types and hazards of E-wastes particularly the computers’ waste. The dimensions and ethicality of the problem in the third-world countries are reviewed. The needs for the appropriate management of e-waste and options that can be implemented are discussed. After reviewing the Islamic concepts for environmental protection, ethical implications for curriculum development as well research directions are highlighted. Elements for a course on e-waste as well as some across-the-curriculum topics are proposed. This is specially tailored to suit the faculty of Engineering at the International Islamic University-Malaysia.

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23

Erdoğan, Melike, Yeşim Küçük, and İhsan Kaya. "A Hybrid Fuzzy Decision Making Procedure to Select among Outsourcing Alternatives for Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment." International Journal of Modeling and Optimization 5, no. 1 (February 2015): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijmo.2015.v5.438.

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24

Agawa, Ryuichi, Minoru Nishida, Yasuhiro Tsugita, Takao Araki, and Shin-ichi Kurozu. "Separation Process for Metallic Elements in Electric and Electronic Equipment Waste." Journal of the Japan Society of Waste Management Experts 16, no. 2 (2005): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/jswme.16.163.

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25

Fraige, Feras Y., Laila A. Al-khatib, Hani M. Alnawafleh, Mohammad K. Dweirj, and Paul A. Langston. "Waste electric and electronic equipment in Jordan: willingness and generation rates." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 55, no. 2 (March 2012): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2011.586492.

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26

Cordova-Pizarro, Daniela, Ismael Aguilar-Barajas, David Romero, and Ciro Rodriguez. "Circular Economy in the Electronic Products Sector: Material Flow Analysis and Economic Impact of Cellphone E-Waste in Mexico." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (March 5, 2019): 1361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051361.

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The circular economy (CE) model has become highly relevant in recent years, with the electronics industry being one of the sectors that has considered its application. Despite only a limited amount of literature being available on waste electric and electronic equipment (e-waste) in Mexico, the Mexican Government, academic institutions, and electronics industry have coordinated efforts to implement the CE in the country. This study evaluates the current technical and economic situation of cellphone e-waste generated in Mexico by surveying and analyzing the main actors that influence the management of this waste and using a material flow analysis. Extensive fieldwork was conducted in order to quantify the extent of cellphone e-waste processing in both formal and informal channels. The study of printed circuit boards in cellphones shows that the total value of cellphone e-waste materials ranges between $11.277 and $12.444 million USD per year in Mexico. However, a value of only $0.677 million USD is recycled through formal channels. After characterizing the remanufacturing and recycling CE loops, we conclude that the potential for improvement and advancing towards a CE model is significant

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27

Shmidt, D. V., Bashar Issa, and V. Yu Timofeev. "Preparation a Scrap of the Electronic Enterprises and its Subsequent Processing." Solid State Phenomena 303 (May 2020): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.303.79.

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The processing conditions of the of electronic wastes are largely dependent on environmental standards and requirements. Modern technologies for processing electronic waste should meet the increased demand for metals as well as the requirements. Electronic wastes can be classified as hazardous materials, as household and industrial electrical devices, which contain components such as batteries, capacitors, cathode ray tubes, etc. Electronic waste can consist of a large number of components of various sizes, shapes and chemical composition. Some of them contain hazardous metals, including mercury, lead, cadmium. The presence of precious metals in electronic waste such as gold, silver, platinum, palladium, as well as non-ferrous metals (copper, nickel, zinc, tin, etc.) make it attractive for processing. In industry, both hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical methods are used to extract valuable metals from electronic waste. Applied technologies may have both advantages and disadvantages.

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28

Xie, Qing Hua, Xiang Wei Zhang, Wen Ge Lv, Si Yuan Cheng, Chun Tao Lin, and Yong Jia Yang. "Quantity Prediction and Optimal Disposal Capacity of Waste Electric Appliances Based on Election Campaign Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 411-414 (September 2013): 2395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.2395.

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Disused electric appliances have become new urban polluter because of the replacing of appliances households and corporates throw away. The accurate estimation of the future waste electric appliances production can help the government draw out best strategies to cope with the problem of the electronic products over-production and recycling. By using system dynamics method, the concept of product life span and increase limit, the washer waste volume in the future 20 years was predicted. By using scenario analysis, three waste output models most likely occur were simulated. In this case, we use election campaign algorithm to calculate the optimal time for adjusting the disposal capacity were investigated. This analysis can help to solve the impending problem of surplus electronic waste and provide a reference for the government to make policies.

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29

Atasever, Şule, Pınar A. Bozkurt, and Muammer Canel. "Pyrolysis of Waste Printed Circuit Board Particles." International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering 4, no. 2 (April 2015): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeoe.2015040105.

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Electrical and electronic apparatus and instruments which are obsolete value in use or completion of the life can be defined as e-waste. E-waste is one of the fastest growing types of hazardous waste. Printed circuit boards a major component of this waste. In this study, printed circuit board particles of mobile phone (MPCB) were used as electronic waste. MPCB waste was obtained from a local electronic waste factory. The elemental analysis and ICP-MS analysis were performed on these electronic wastes and thereafter pyrolysis runs were carried out between 500 and 900°C in a horizontal furnace. The liquid yields were determined and compared at different temperatures.

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30

Perry, T. S. "Who pays for E-waste? [electronic waste recycling]." IEEE Spectrum 43, no. 7 (July 2006): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mspec.2006.1652997.

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31

Tabassum, Baby, Priya Bajaj, and Ishrat Azeem. "Electric and Electronic waste Dump sides causing Cadmium Contamination in Drinking water." Vegetos- An International Journal of Plant Research 29, special (2016): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2229-4473.2016.00056.2.

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32

Mostaghel, Sina, and Caisa Samuelsson. "Metallurgical use of glass fractions from waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE)." Waste Management 30, no. 1 (January 2010): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2009.09.025.

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33

Butturi, Maria Angela, Simona Marinelli, Rita Gamberini, and Bianca Rimini. "Ecotoxicity of Plastics from Informal Waste Electric and Electronic Treatment and Recycling." Toxics 8, no. 4 (November 8, 2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics8040099.

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Plastic materials account for about 20% of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). The recycling of this plastic fraction is a complex issue, heavily conditioned by the content of harmful additives, such as brominated flame retardants. Thus, the management and reprocessing of WEEE plastics pose environmental and human health concerns, mainly in developing countries, where informal recycling and disposal are practiced. The objective of this study was twofold. Firstly, it aimed to investigate some of the available options described in the literature for the re-use of WEEE plastic scraps in construction materials, a promising recycling route in the developing countries. Moreover, it presents an evaluation of the impact of these available end-of-life scenarios on the environment by means of the life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. In order to consider worker health and human and ecological risks, the LCA analysis focuses on ecotoxicity more than on climate change. The LCA evaluation confirmed that the plastic re-use in the construction sector has a lower toxicity impact on the environment and human health than common landfilling and incineration practices. It also shows that the unregulated handling and dismantling activities, as well as the re-use practices, contribute significantly to the impact of WEEE plastic treatments.

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34

Boukhoulda, M. F., M. Rezoug, W. Aksa, M. Miloudi, K. Medles, and L. Dascalescu. "Triboelectrostatic separation of granular plastics mixtures from waste electric and electronic equipment." Particulate Science and Technology 35, no. 5 (July 5, 2017): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02726351.2017.1347226.

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35

Ueberschaar, Maximilian, Daniel Dariusch Jalalpoor, Nathalie Korf, and Vera Susanne Rotter. "Potentials and Barriers for Tantalum Recovery from Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment." Journal of Industrial Ecology 21, no. 3 (May 4, 2017): 700–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12577.

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36

Ranitovic, M., Z. Kamberovic, M. Korac, M. Gavrilovski, H. Issa, and Z. Andjic. "Investigation of possibility for stabilization and valorization of electric ARC furnace dust and glass from electronic waste." Science of Sintering 46, no. 1 (2014): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos1401083r.

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This paper presents investigation of possibility for electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) and electronic waste (e-waste) valorization trough stabilization process, in order to achieve concurrent management of these two serious ecological problems. EAFD is an ineviTab. waste material coming from the electric arc furnace steel production process, classified as a hazardous waste. Furthermore, it is well known that residual materials generated in the ewaste recycling process, like LCD (Liquid crystal displays) waste glass, are not suiTab. for landfill or incineration. In this study, these two materials were used for investigation of possibility for their valorization in ceramic industry. Thus, an innovative synergy of waste streams from metallurgical and e-waste recycling industry is presented. Investigation included a complex characterization of raw materials and their mixtures, using chemical methods, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, as well as methods for determining the physical and mechanical properties. Based on these results, it was found that material suiTab. for use in ceramics industry as a partial substituent of quartzite and fluxing components can be produced. Besides solving the environmental problem related to EAFD and LCD disposal, by replacement of raw materials certain economic effects can be achieved.

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37

Alassali, Ayah, Marco Abis, Silvia Fiore, and Kerstin Kuchta. "Classification of plastic waste originated from waste electric and electronic equipment based on the concentration of antimony." Journal of Hazardous Materials 380 (December 2019): 120874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120874.

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38

Conti, Massimo, and Simone Orcioni. "Modeling of Failure Probability for Reliability and Component Reuse of Electric and Electronic Equipment." Energies 13, no. 11 (June 3, 2020): 2843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112843.

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Recently, the concept of “circular economy”, the design for end-of-life, the problem of reduction of waste of electronic and electrical equipment are becoming more and more important. The design of electronic systems for end-of-life considers the possibility of their repair, reuse and recycle, in order to reduce waste. This work proposes a new accurate model of failure probability density, that includes the failure probability of a used component in new equipment. The model has been tested, in conjunction with the International Electrotechnical Commission and Telcordia standard, in real industrial production. Eight years of historical faults have been analyzed and used to derive the fault models of the components. The model and analysis have been used for the analysis of real electronic products. The reuse of components could make an improvement to the reliability of the equipment.

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39

PRZYSTUPA, Krzysztof. "Electric Spark Method of Purification of Galvanic Waste Waters." PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY 1, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/48.2020.12.50.

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40

Khayyam Nekouei, Rasoul, Samane Maroufi, Mohammad Assefi, Farshid Pahlevani, and Veena Sahajwalla. "Thermal Isolation of a Clean Alloy from Waste Slag and Polymeric Residue of Electronic Waste." Processes 8, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8010053.

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Unprecedented advances and innovation in technology and short lifespans of electronic devices have resulted in the generation of a considerable amount of electronic waste (e-waste). Polymeric components present in electronic waste contain a wide range of organic materials encompassing a significant portion of carbon (C). This source of carbon can be employed as a reducing agent in the reduction of oxides from another waste stream, i.e., steelmaking slag, which contains ≈20 wt%–40 wt% iron oxide. This waste slag is produced on a very large scale by the steel industry due to the nature of the process. In this research, the polymeric residue leftover from waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) after a physical-chemical recycling process was used as the source of carbon in the reduction of iron oxide from electric arc furnace (EAF) slag. Prior to the recycling tests, the polymer content of e-waste was characterized in terms of composition, morphology, thermal behavior, molecular structure, hazardous elements such as Br, the volatile portion, and the fixed carbon content. After the optimization of the ratio between the waste slag (Fe source) and the waste polymer (the carbon source), the microstructure of the recycled alloy showed no Br, Cl, S, or other contamination. Hence, two problematic and complex waste streams were successfully converted to a clean alloy with 4 wt% C, 4% Cr, 2% Si, 1% Mn, and 89% Fe.

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41

Habibi, Alireza, Shatav Shamshiri Kourdestani, and Malihe Hadadi. "Biohydrometallurgy as an environmentally friendly approach in metals recovery from electrical waste: A review." Waste Management & Research 38, no. 3 (January 10, 2020): 232–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19895321.

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Nowadays, large amount of municipal solid waste is because of electrical scraps (i.e. waste electrical and electronic equipment) that contain large quantities of electrical conductive metals like copper and gold. Recovery of these metals decreases the environmental effects of waste electrical and electronic equipment (also called E-waste) disposal, and as a result, the extracted metals can be used for future industrial purposes. Several studies reported in this review, demonstrated that the biohydrometallurgical processes were successful in efficient extraction of metals from electrical and electronic wastes. The main advantages of biohydrometallurgy are lower operation cost, less energy input, skilled labour, and also less environmental effect in comparison with pyro-metallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes. This study concentrated on fundamentals and technical aspects of biohydrometallurgy. Some points of drawbacks and research directions to develop the process in the future are highlighted in brief.

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Mohamad, Nur Shafeera, and Thoo Ai Chin. "Extend Theory of Planned Behavior for Recycling in Electronic Waste." Journal of Research in Administrative Sciences 9, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.47609/jras2020v9i2p1.

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Electronic waste (e-waste) is generated at a rapid pace when there are millions of electronic appliances including mobile phones, televisions, computers, laptops, and tablets have very short time lifespans. In addition, e-waste is classified as any types of electric and electronic merchandises that have no value to consumers. Even though e-waste is known as trash, but it can be used as a secondary resource to decrease the number of hazardous contents that may harm the environment. Despite being thrown away,e-waste can be reused, resold, recovered, remanufactured, and recycled. Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is used as an underpinning theory to examine the factors that influence consumer’s behaviour towards e-waste recycling in Malaysia. TPB is a classical theory to predict one’s beliefs and behaviour. The theory shows that attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control could explain an individual’s behavioural intentions and behaviours. However, TPB is insufficient to explain pro-environmental actions such as returning e-waste. Recycling behaviour involves external resources and expertise. Thus, this study extended the theory by incorporating other factors such as awareness of the environment consequences, perceived convenience, and moral obligation. This study will use an online survey. Data will be selected and collected from respondents in Malaysia who age above 18 years old and use electronic products via purposive sampling method. Structural equation modelling (SEM) approach will be employed for data analysis and hypotheses testing. The findings of this review are significant to the government, organizations, electronic consumers and researchers that e-waste recycling can be enhanced using extended TPB. Keywords: Electronic waste (e-waste), Electronic Appliances, Recycling, Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)

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43

Mohamad, Nur Shafeera, and Thoo Ai Chin. "Extend Theory of Planned Behavior for Recycling in Electronic Waste." Journal of Research in Administrative Sciences 9, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.47609/jras2020v9i2p1.

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Electronic waste (e-waste) is generated at a rapid pace when there are millions of electronic appliances including mobile phones, televisions, computers, laptops, and tablets have very short time lifespans. In addition, e-waste is classified as any types of electric and electronic merchandises that have no value to consumers. Even though e-waste is known as trash, but it can be used as a secondary resource to decrease the number of hazardous contents that may harm the environment. Despite being thrown away,e-waste can be reused, resold, recovered, remanufactured, and recycled. Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is used as an underpinning theory to examine the factors that influence consumer’s behaviour towards e-waste recycling in Malaysia. TPB is a classical theory to predict one’s beliefs and behaviour. The theory shows that attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control could explain an individual’s behavioural intentions and behaviours. However, TPB is insufficient to explain pro-environmental actions such as returning e-waste. Recycling behaviour involves external resources and expertise. Thus, this study extended the theory by incorporating other factors such as awareness of the environment consequences, perceived convenience, and moral obligation. This study will use an online survey. Data will be selected and collected from respondents in Malaysia who age above 18 years old and use electronic products via purposive sampling method. Structural equation modelling (SEM) approach will be employed for data analysis and hypotheses testing. The findings of this review are significant to the government, organizations, electronic consumers and researchers that e-waste recycling can be enhanced using extended TPB. Keywords: Electronic waste (e-waste), Electronic Appliances, Recycling, Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)

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Hlavatska, Liliya Yu, Vitalii A. Ishchenko, and Vasyl G. Petruk. "STUDY OF ORGANIZATIONAL PRINCIPLES OF WASTE ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT MANAGEMENT IN UKRAINE." Collection of Scientific Publications NUS 481, no. 3 (2020): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15589/znp2020.3(481).15.

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Dimitrakakis, Emmanouil, Alexander Janz, Bernd Bilitewski, and Evangelos Gidarakos. "Determination of heavy metals and halogens in plastics from electric and electronic waste." Waste Management 29, no. 10 (October 2009): 2700–2706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2009.05.020.

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46

Bovea, María D., Victoria Pérez-Belis, Valeria Ibáñez-Forés, and Pilar Quemades-Beltrán. "Disassembly properties and material characterisation of household small waste electric and electronic equipment." Waste Management 53 (July 2016): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.04.011.

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Schlummer, Martin, Andreas Mäurer, Thomas Leitner, and Walter Spruzina. "Report: Recycling of flame-retarded plastics from waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE)." Waste Management & Research 24, no. 6 (December 2006): 573–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x06068520.

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Setiawan, Rizal Justian, Ageng Widi Atmoko, and Imam Fauzi. "IoT-Based Electric Vampire Remover to Overcome Electric Vampire On Electronic Equipment." JTECS : Jurnal Sistem Telekomunikasi Elektronika Sistem Kontrol Power Sistem dan Komputer 1, no. 2 (July 14, 2021): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.32503/jtecs.v1i2.1690.

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Based on data from PLN, in 2020 the number of PLN customers has reached 77,19 million or increase of 3.59 million customers compared to 2019 which amounted to 73,6 million customers. Along with modernization in Indonesia, without realizing it there is still a lot of wasted electrical energy from electronic devices that are left on standby and not used or electric vampires. The purpose of this research created a tool to overcome the problem of electric vampires in electronic equipment in order to reduce the number of losses below the national electric losses of 8%. The implementation method used for the design and manufacture of the Electric Vampire Remover is the Research and Development (R&D) research method. The steps taken are: 1) analysis of tool requirements, 2) design of tool, 3) manufacture of tool in the laboratory, 4) testing of tool functions and performance, 5) concluding the results. These stages are conducted in cycles to get the best result. The result of the research is the creation of an Electric Vampire Remover which is functionally proven to be able to control electrical equipment properly. This tool can be operated stand-alone or based on internet network. The results showed that the tool was able to reduce losses caused by electric vampires by 99%. The application of this tool at home is able to save 36,908 kWh which is equivalent to Rp. 53,320.99/month in the fare class or R-1/1300 VA power.

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Cui, Yu, Xin Quan Ge, and Hao Jiao. "The Governance Mechanism of Recycling of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipments." Advanced Materials Research 354-355 (October 2011): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.354-355.49.

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With the amount of waste electrical and electronic products, environmental pollution becomes more and more serious. Therefore, how to recycle waste electrical and electronic equipments has attracted wide attention. By employing the experience of foreign countries in the recovery of waste electrical and electronic products for reference, the paper points out domestic practice in recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipments has a long way to go. In the following, the paper summarizes governing body for recovery of waste electrical and electronic equipments, comprising of stakeholders in charge of recycle bin, logistics side and supervision side. And then, the paper proposes the governance mechanism of recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipments through channel system, the cost mechanism, management system, and legal system. Finally, the paper summarizes the conclusions and looks forward to the future.

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Phoochinda, Wisakha, and Saraporn Kriyapak. "Electronic Waste Recycling Business: Solution, Choice, Survival." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 16, no. 4 (August 26, 2021): 693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.160409.

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This study aimed to investigate factors impacting the electronic waste management in Thailand and recommend guidelines to drive the electronic waste recycling business in the country. The study used the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) as a conceptual framework. The in-depth interview was carried out using the semi-structured interview with the target agencies including government agencies, local administrative organizations, establishments related to electronic waste management (Factories in categories 105 and 106) as well as community junk shops in Chatuchak District, Bangkok. The study findings revealed that in considering the volume of electronic waste generated in Thailand and the share of important basic metals and plastics as components in electrical and electronic equipment to be used as secondary raw materials, the potential value from electronic waste recycling (household electrical appliances) could reach over 9,000,000,000 baht (9,165,701,106 baht) with the increasing trend following the increased volume of electronic waste. The market of the electronic waste recycling business in Thailand had the potential to grow. Upgrading of the electronic waste management system in Thailand was required for more efficiency, in particular, the process of collection, buy-back of product waste, reuse, and increased technological potential. Advanced technology needed to be developed to extract metals from electronic waste in order to obtain more varied metals.

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