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Journal articles on the topic 'Electronic circuits'
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1
Stavrinidou, Eleni, Roger Gabrielsson, Eliot Gomez, Xavier Crispin, Ove Nilsson, Daniel T. Simon, and Magnus Berggren. "Electronic plants." Science Advances 1, no. 10 (November 2015): e1501136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501136.
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The roots, stems, leaves, and vascular circuitry of higher plants are responsible for conveying the chemical signals that regulate growth and functions. From a certain perspective, these features are analogous to the contacts, interconnections, devices, and wires of discrete and integrated electronic circuits. Although many attempts have been made to augment plant function with electroactive materials, plants’ “circuitry” has never been directly merged with electronics. We report analog and digital organic electronic circuits and devices manufactured in living plants. The four key components of a circuit have been achieved using the xylem, leaves, veins, and signals of the plant as the template and integral part of the circuit elements and functions. With integrated and distributed electronics in plants, one can envisage a range of applications including precision recording and regulation of physiology, energy harvesting from photosynthesis, and alternatives to genetic modification for plant optimization.
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Lei, Chi Un, K. L. Man, Eng Gee Lim, Nan Zhang, and Kai Yu Wan. "Development of a Reliability Course for Emerging Circuits and Systems." Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (December 2012): 1922–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.1922.
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This paper presents a curriculum design of a course about reliability of circuits and systems. Contents in the learning modules include failure mechanisms of electronics, reliability for electronic components and circuit systems and simulation for circuit reliability. Through learning modules, students can learn concepts about reliability in circuits and systems, as well as develop awareness to design a reliable circuit system.
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Purushottam Kumar Maurya. "Smart Circuit Design Machine Learning-Driven Optimization for Enhanced Performance in Electronics and Computer Engineering." Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology 45, no. 02 (April 12, 2024): 2794–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/tjjpt.v45.i02.6339.
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In the realm of Electronics and Computer engineering, achieving optimal performance of circuits amidst escalating complexity poses significant challenges. Traditional manual optimization techniques are often inadequate to navigate the intricacies of modern electronic systems. This paper advocates for the adoption of machine learning-driven optimization as a transformative approach to smart circuit design. By leveraging machine learning algorithms, engineers can systematically explore the expansive design space, discern complex relationships between circuit parameters and performance metrics, and ultimately enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of electronic circuits. This paper comprehensively reviews the application of machine learning techniques in circuit design optimization. Supervised learning algorithms such as neural networks, support vector machines, and decision trees enable the modeling of intricate interdependencies within electronic circuits. Unsupervised learning techniques, including clustering and dimensionality reduction, facilitate efficient exploration of the design landscape by identifying patterns and correlations. Additionally, reinforcement learning algorithms offer an autonomous approach to circuit optimization through iterative learning and refinement. Real-world applications of machine learning-driven optimization in electronics and computer engineering span various domains, including power-efficient integrated circuits, signal processing algorithm optimization, and layout optimization for enhanced performance and reliability. Moreover, machine learning techniques play a crucial role in mitigating variability in semiconductor manufacturing processes, ensuring robustness and reliability of electronic systems in the face of uncertainties. Despite the promising potential of machine learning in circuit design optimization, challenges such as dataset acquisition, model interpretability, and scalability to complex circuits persist. Addressing these challenges requires innovative research endeavors, including the development of hybrid optimization techniques and novel hardware architectures. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/tjjpt.v45.i02.6339
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Mathis, Wolfgang. "100 years multivibrator-history, circuits and mathematical analysis." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 39, no. 3 (January 22, 2020): 725–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-10-2019-0411.
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Purpose This work is intended to historically commemorate the one hundredth anniversary of the invention of a new type of electronic circuit, referred to in 1919 by Abraham and Bloch as a multivibrator and by Eccles and Jordan as a trigger relay (later known as a flip-flop). Design/methodology/approach The author also considers the circuit-technical side of this new type of circuit, considering the technological change as well as the mathematical concepts developed in the context of the analysis of the circuit. Findings The multivibrator resulted in a “circuit shape” which became one of the most applied nonlinear circuits in electronics. It is shown that at the beginning the multivibrator as well as the flip-flop circuits were used because their interesting properties in the frequency domain. Originality/value Therefore, it is a very interesting subject to consider the history of the multivibrator as electronic circuits in different technologies including tube, transistors and integrated circuits as well as the mathematical theory based on the concept from electrical circuit theory.
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ITOH, MAKOTO. "SYNTHESIS OF ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS FOR SIMULATING NONLINEAR DYNAMICS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 11, no. 03 (March 2001): 605–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127401002341.
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In this paper, we present a unified approach for synthesizing nonlinear circuits. That is, we synthesize electronic circuits for simulating nonlinear dynamics. One advantage of our approach is that we can directly synthesize nonlinear circuits from ordinary differential equations. A large variety of chaotic nonlinear systems (Chua's circuit, hyperchaotic system, Lorenz system, Rössler system, etc.) are realized by using several analog circuit elements.
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Patel, Abhishek. "SIMULATION & PERFORMANCE OF THREE PHASE HALF CONTROLLED CONVERTER WITH D.C. MOTOR." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 2, no. 5 (January 30, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v2.i5.2015.35.
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This paper presents performance result of single and three phase rectifier circuits using MATLAB-SIMULINK which are one of the most used power electronics circuit. This paper also describes method & concepts used to simulate power electronic circuits using the SIMULINK toolbox within MATLAB software. The use of tool like MATLAB-SIMULINK has always been a useful for analyzing and designing different circuits. The paper presents theperformance of three phase rectifier circuits in term of its output voltage, current.
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Zhang, Shizhe. "Research on the Function and Application of Some Classical Combinational Logic Products." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 46 (April 25, 2023): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v46i.7660.
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Digital signals are discrete and discontinuous signals both in time and quantity. The circuits used for digital signal processing are digital circuits. Digital electronics came into being. It is a fully developed technology, through the construction and use of specific digital circuits to achieve the logical operation of digital quantities and required logical functions. Therefore, the basic characteristic of digital circuit system is logical operation and logical processing function. The main applications of digital electronic technology are combinational logic circuit, sequential logic circuit, pulse waveform generation and shaping, digital and analog conversion circuit, etc. Here only describes the practical application products of combinatorial logic circuit and sequential logic circuit, namely decoder and counter.
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Kostin, M. S., D. S. Vorunichev, and D. A. Korzh. "COUNTERREENGINEERING OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES." Russian Technological Journal 7, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 57–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2019-7-1-57-79.
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The paper presents the main results of scientific and practical research in the field of special design reengineering and counterreengineering of radioelectronic devices. Methods and means of special design reengineering of functional modules of multilayer printed circuit boards and case microcircuits are presented. The basic process design for the reengineering of multilayer printed circuits of radioelectronic products is presented. The design is based on the physical principles of destructive and non-destructive decomposing test: mechanical processing and chemical etching, stereolaser structuring, IR imaging electrothermics and X-ray analysis. The article formulates positions and methodology of the circuit analysis of the basic architecture of electrical circuits and signal processes of radio electronic products by the configuration of the printed circuit, its electronic component base and their connected topologies. The article considers methods and techniques for the reengineering of radiotechnical circuits and signals enabling to reproduce the list of the electronic component base and the essential circuit technique, as well as to study the basic circuit characteristics of the appliance in four main modes: functional, in-circuit, peripheral and identification visualization. The methods and means of authentic performance of radioelectronic devices for a number of constructive and radiotechnical identifiers are considered. Technical methods and solutions for counterreengineering of radioelectronic devices have been developed.
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Gopinathan, Kaustav A., Avanish Mishra, Baris R. Mutlu, Jon F. Edd, and Mehmet Toner. "A microfluidic transistor for automatic control of liquids." Nature 622, no. 7984 (October 25, 2023): 735–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06517-3.
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AbstractMicrofluidics have enabled notable advances in molecular biology1,2, synthetic chemistry3,4, diagnostics5,6 and tissue engineering7. However, there has long been a critical need in the field to manipulate fluids and suspended matter with the precision, modularity and scalability of electronic circuits8–10. Just as the electronic transistor enabled unprecedented advances in the automatic control of electricity on an electronic chip, a microfluidic analogue to the transistor could enable improvements in the automatic control of reagents, droplets and single cells on a microfluidic chip. Previous works on creating a microfluidic analogue to the electronic transistor11–13 did not replicate the transistor’s saturation behaviour, and could not achieve proportional amplification14, which is fundamental to modern circuit design15. Here we exploit the fluidic phenomenon of flow limitation16 to develop a microfluidic element capable of proportional amplification with flow–pressure characteristics completely analogous to the current–voltage characteristics of the electronic transistor. We then use this microfluidic transistor to directly translate fundamental electronic circuits into the fluidic domain, including the amplifier, regulator, level shifter, logic gate and latch. We also combine these building blocks to create more complex fluidic controllers, such as timers and clocks. Finally, we demonstrate a particle dispenser circuit that senses single suspended particles, performs signal processing and accordingly controls the movement of each particle in a deterministic fashion without electronics. By leveraging the vast repertoire of electronic circuit design, microfluidic-transistor-based circuits enable fluidic automatic controllers to manipulate liquids and single suspended particles for lab-on-a-chip platforms.
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Raman, Karthik, and Andreas Wagner. "The evolvability of programmable hardware." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 8, no. 55 (June 9, 2010): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2010.0212.
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In biological systems, individual phenotypes are typically adopted by multiple genotypes. Examples include protein structure phenotypes, where each structure can be adopted by a myriad individual amino acid sequence genotypes. These genotypes form vast connected ‘neutral networks’ in genotype space. The size of such neutral networks endows biological systems not only with robustness to genetic change, but also with the ability to evolve a vast number of novel phenotypes that occur near any one neutral network. Whether technological systems can be designed to have similar properties is poorly understood. Here we ask this question for a class of programmable electronic circuits that compute digital logic functions. The functional flexibility of such circuits is important in many applications, including applications of evolutionary principles to circuit design. The functions they compute are at the heart of all digital computation. We explore a vast space of 10 45 logic circuits (‘genotypes’) and 10 19 logic functions (‘phenotypes’). We demonstrate that circuits that compute the same logic function are connected in large neutral networks that span circuit space. Their robustness or fault-tolerance varies very widely. The vicinity of each neutral network contains circuits with a broad range of novel functions. Two circuits computing different functions can usually be converted into one another via few changes in their architecture. These observations show that properties important for the evolvability of biological systems exist in a commercially important class of electronic circuitry. They also point to generic ways to generate fault-tolerant, adaptable and evolvable electronic circuitry.
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Dieste-Velasco, M. I., M. Diez-Mediavilla, and C. Alonso-Tristán. "Regression and ANN Models for Electronic Circuit Design." Complexity 2018 (July 16, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7379512.
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This paper presents a methodology to design and to predict the behaviour of electronic circuits, which combines artificial neural networks and design of experiments. This methodology can be used to model output variables in electronic circuits either with similar features to the circuit configuration that is analysed in this study or with more complex configurations in order to improve the process of electronic circuit design.
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Kim, TaeWoong, and SoYoung Kim. "Electronic design automation requirements for R2R printing foundry." Flexible and Printed Electronics 7, no. 1 (February 4, 2022): 013001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-8585/ac4d3d.
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Abstract Roll-to-roll (R2R) printed electronic devices have been in the spotlight over the decades as a potential replacement for Si-based semiconductors, research into this technology is still being actively conducted over the world. These printed electronic devices can be used in a variety of applications, so the demand for them is expected to reach over USD 20.7 billion in 2025 given a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 21.5%. As the new ink materials and printing technologies being researched are commercialized, foundry companies that produce printed electronics need to provide appropriate work flow that will allow engineers to design these kind of circuits using commercial electronic design automation (EDA) tools. This review paper describes the key parameters that should be found process design kit (PDK), including the contained design rules and the simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis model. We cover the factors that need to be considered when a fabless company develops circuits for the R2R process, including the design methodology from the beginning of the design to the final graphic data stream (GDS) completion stage, we also discuss other essential technological hurdles that must be overcome in this process. The overall process of design and analysis for printed electronic technique is based on the silicon design flow. We describe the full custom design flow for analog integrated circuits (ICs) and explain how the automatic placement and routing based design of digital integrated circuits can be carried out. In addition, the necessity of sign-off verification using post-simulation, electromagnetic (EM) simulation and bias check simulation required for commercial product development will be explained. The development of PDKs and EDA tools for circuit design in the R2R printed electronics foundry industry will have a potentially tremendous impact on the semiconductor ecosystem by lowering the barriers to producing these devices.
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Hoiriyah, Hoiriyah. "SIMULASI GERBANG DASAR LOGIKA DALAM APLIKASI." Jurnal Teknik Informatika dan Elektro 2, no. 2 (November 21, 2022): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.55542/jurtie.v2i2.405.
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It is no longer a secret that all science is currently developing and has technological advances that cannot be denied, especially in digital technology which is currently popular, one of which is a digital electronic system that is composed of logic gates so that it becomes a digital system formed from logic elements. the smallest is the logic gate (Logic Gate): OR, AND and NOT where the circuit work process on this logic gate uses Boolean algebra principles. In its implementation it is rather difficult to provide an understanding of logic gates manually or in theory to the public and the general public in understanding gate circuits electronics to understand the functions and uses of logic gates in electronic circuits with EWB (Electronic WorkBanch) as an electronic computer software that can be used to simulate the workings of an electronic circuit, both analog and digital. The EWB application is very helpful in providing an indirect understanding of understanding basic logic gate circuits as simulations in applications to reduce possible dangerous risks, with this application it makes it easy to know the conditions you want to design and create before implementing them in real form..
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Bitton, G., I. Balberg, M. Gomez, and S. Z. Weisz. "Numerical and Analytical Study of Nonlinear Electronic Circuits." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 07, no. 05 (May 1997): 1065–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127497000881.
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We have carried out a comprehensive study of the dynamics of nonlinear electronic circuits. As model circuits we have used the simple model proposed by Matsumato et al., and the more realistic model proposed by Brorson et al. In our study we have determined the bifurcation diagrams, the return maps, the Lyapunov exponents and the fractal dimensions which characterize the nonlinear behavior of these circuits. In order to get an insight into the physics of the circuits' operation we have computed the average charge, the average current and the average capacitance of the nonlinear circuits, and concluded that the most fundamental physical process that governs the behavior of these circuits is the mode locking of the circuit to the external drive source.
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Podsiadły, Bartłomiej, Liubomir Bezgan, and Marcin Słoma. "3D Printed Electronic Circuits from Fusible Alloys." Electronics 11, no. 22 (November 21, 2022): 3829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11223829.
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This work aims to evaluate the possibility of fabricating conductive paths for printed circuit boards from low-temperature melting metal alloys on low-temperature 3D printed substrates and mounting through-hole electronic components using the fused deposition modeling for metals (FDMm) for structural electronics applications. The conductive materials are flux-cored solder wires Sn60Pb40 and Sn99Ag0.3Cu0.7. The deposition was achieved with a specially adapted nozzle. A comparison of solder wires with and without flux cores is discussed to determine whether the solder alloys exhibit adequate wettability and adhesion to the polymer substrate. The symmetrical astable multivibrator circuit based on bipolar junction transistors (BJT) was fabricated to demonstrate the possibility of simultaneous production of conductive tracks and through-hole mountings with this additive technique. Additional perspectives for applying this technique to 3D-printed structural electronic circuits are also discussed.
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Kennedy, Michael Peter, and Leon O. Chua. "Hysteresis in electronic circuits: A circuit theorist's perspective." International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 19, no. 5 (September 1991): 471–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cta.4490190505.
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Wickert, J. A. "Vibration of Flex Circuits in Hard Disk Drives." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 125, no. 3 (June 18, 2003): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1547661.
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A flex circuit connects the stationary electronic components in a hard disk drive to the rotating arm that carries the read/write heads and positions them above data tracks on the disk. Flex circuits are conventionally formed as a laminate of polyimide substrate, adhesive, and copper conductors. Deformation of a flex circuit is discussed in the context of the following stages: the initial unstressed shape, configurations in which stresses set and relax in response to elevated temperature, equilibrium, and small amplitude vibration. The model involves displacements of the flex circuit in the directions tangent and normal to the local equilibrium shape, and those motions couple with the arm’s dynamics. Nonlinearity associated with finite curvature, partial elastic springback, and the arm’s geometry and inertia properties are incorporated within the vibration model to predict system-level natural frequencies, mode shapes, and coupling factors between the circuit and the arm. Laboratory measurements using noncontact laser interferometry validate the model with respect to the circuit’s shape, stiffness, restoring moment, and natural frequencies. The primary degrees of freedom for optimizing flex circuit design are the thicknesses of the individual layers within the circuit, free length, and the locations and slopes of the circuit’s attachment points to the arm and electronics block. The model’s predictions and trends developed from a case study in free length are discussed with a view toward reducing coupling between the circuit and arm in certain vibration modes.
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Fan, JiSheng, and Wei Yuan. "Review of parametric fault prediction methods for power electronic circuits." Engineering Research Express 3, no. 4 (November 11, 2021): 042002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ac340b.
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Abstract Power electronic circuits are widely used in rail transit, new energy power generation, aerospace and other fields. Therefore, stable and safe operation of power electronic circuits have a great impact on the reliability of the entire electrical system. Failures of majority of the power electronic circuits are not caused by sudden breakdown, but gradually degenerate in the process of operation until their functions are completely lost. It is necessary to carry out accurate health assessment and fault prediction for power electronic circuits. According to different research objects, fault prediction methods of power electronic circuits are divided into two categories: component-level fault prediction methods and circuit-level fault prediction methods. For each type of method, the specific principle and workflow are described in detail, and its advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. Finally, the research difficulties and the future development directions of fault prediction methods for power electronic circuits are pointed out.
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Steeg, Torben. "Electronic Circuits Handbook." Electronics Education 1996, no. 1 (1996): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ee.1996.0021.
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Young, Jim. "Understanding Electronic Circuits." Electronics Education 1999, no. 1 (1999): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ee.1999.0020.
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Reddy, J. Ganesh, J. Priyanka Keerthi, K. Revanth, K. Sai Deekshitha, and K. Upendra Raju. "Design and Implementation of CMOS and Transmission Gate Based Full Adder Using 45nm Technology." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 2 (February 29, 2024): 458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.58352.
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Abstract: In electronic industry the level of integration is an important aspect as it makes the electronic device simpler and more reliable. The device density increases with the better level of integration. Power dissipation, Area occupied, and Propagation delay are some of the important factors that need to be considered. These parameters play a vital role in manufacturing portable electronic gadgets. Many binary adders are formed using full adders. Hence, if any enhancements have to be made to improve the performance, it can be made at the root level i.e., adders circuits itself. This in turn helps in bettering the performance of the electronics circuits which follow adder circuits. The low power VLSI design is of great importance due to portable electronic products. Full adder is a type of adder circuit that adds three inputs and gives two outputs. Out of three, two will be the present inputs and the third input will be the carry from the previous stage. ‘A’ and ‘B’ are the actual inputs, ‘C’ is the carry from the previous operation. SUM and CARRY OUT are the two outputs. In this work, Design and Implementation of full adder using conventional CMOS design and Transmission gate based Full adder circuits are carried out. At last comparison is made between the two designs with respect to power dissipation, delay and area (number of transistors). Cadence Virtuoso Tool is used in design and simulation conventional CMOS design and Transmission gate based Full adder circuits. The entire circuit is simulated in Cadence Tools at 45nm CMOS process.
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Ulansky, Vladimir, Ahmed Raza, and Denys Milke. "Two-Terminal Electronic Circuits with Controllable Linear NDR Region and Their Applications." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (October 20, 2021): 9815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11219815.
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Negative differential resistance (NDR) is inherent in many electronic devices, in which, over a specific voltage range, the current decreases with increasing voltage. Semiconductor structures with NDR have several unique properties that stimulate the search for technological and circuitry solutions in developing new semiconductor devices and circuits experiencing NDR features. This study considers two-terminal NDR electronic circuits based on multiple-output current mirrors, such as cascode, Wilson, and improved Wilson, combined with a field-effect transistor. The undoubted advantages of the proposed electronic circuits are the linearity of the current-voltage characteristics in the NDR region and the ability to regulate the value of negative resistance by changing the number of mirrored current sources. We derive equations for each proposed circuit to calculate the NDR region’s total current and differential resistance. We consider applications of NDR circuits for designing microwave single frequency oscillators and voltage-controlled oscillators. The problem of choosing the optimal oscillator topology is examined. We show that the designed oscillators based on NDR circuits with Wilson and improved Wilson multiple-output current mirrors have high efficiency and extremely low phase noise. For a single frequency oscillator consuming 33.9 mW, the phase noise is −154.6 dBc/Hz at a 100 kHz offset from a 1.310 GHz carrier. The resulting figure of merit is −221.6 dBc/Hz. The implemented oscillator prototype confirms the theoretical achievements.
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Verdingovas, Vadimas, Salil Joshy, Morten Stendahl Jellesen, and Rajan Ambat. "Analysis of surface insulation resistance related failures in electronics by circuit simulation." Circuit World 43, no. 2 (May 2, 2017): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cw-09-2016-0040.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to show that the humidity levels for surface insulation resistance (SIR)-related failures are dependent on the type of activators used in no-clean flux systems and to demonstrate the possibility of simulating the effects of humidity and contamination on printed circuit board components and sensitive parts if typical SIR data connected to a particular climatic condition are available. This is shown on representative components and typical circuits. Design/methodology/approach A range of SIR values obtained on SIR patterns with 1,476 squares was used as input data for the circuit analysis. The SIR data were compared to the surface resistance values observable on a real device printed circuit board assembly. SIR issues at the component and circuit levels were analysed on the basis of parasitic circuit effects owing to the formation of a water layer as an electrical conduction medium. Findings This paper provides a summary of the effects of contamination with various weak organic acids representing the active components in no-clean solder flux residue, and demonstrates the effect of humidity and contamination on the possible malfunctions and errors in electronic circuits. The effect of contamination and humidity is expressed as drift from the nominal resistance values of the resistors, self-discharge of the capacitors and the errors in the circuits due to parasitic leakage currents (reduction of SIR). Practical/implications The methodology of the analysis of the circuits using a range of empirical leakage resistance values combined with the knowledge of the humidity and contamination profile of the electronics can be used for the robust design of a device, which is also important for electronic products relying on low current consumption for long battery lifetime. Originality/value Examples provide a basic link between the combined effect of humidity and contamination and the performance of electronic circuits. The methodology shown provides the possibility of addressing the climatic reliability of an electronic device at the early stage of device design by using typical SIR data representing the possible climate exposure.
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Al-Amin, Imam Ma'ruf, Yunita Subarwanti, and Willy Artanika Rikarda. "Design of Short Circuit Detection and Destruction Equipment for Electronic Components and Circuits." Indonesian Journal of Advanced Research 3, no. 1 (January 30, 2024): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/ijar.v3i1.7776.
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This research aims to design and understand the working principles of short circuit detection and destruction devices in electronic circuits and components. The short circuit detector and destroyer uses a voltage injection method which is applied to the electronic circuit path and detects short components. Changes in temperature, voltage and current values produced by the DC Buck Converter were observed using supporting fluids, namely rosin and wax. The results obtained on electronic components and circuits are more efficient using liquid wax compared to liquid rosin (Flux). This tool is designed to use a DC Buck Converter as the main circuit and a Volt Meter as a voltage display and can be used effectively to detect short circuits, check DC voltage values, source DC voltage input and increase the voltage value on the battery (1.3-12 VDC).
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Andrejevic, Miona, and Vanco Litovski. "Electronic circuits modeling using artificial neural networks." Journal of Automatic Control 13, no. 1 (2003): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jac0301031a.
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In this paper artificial neural networks (ANN) are applied to modeling of electronic circuits. ANNs are used for application of the black-box modeling concept in the time domain. Modeling process is described, so the topology of the ANN, the testing signal used for excitation, together with the complexity of ANN are considered. The procedure is first exemplified in modeling of resistive circuits. MOS transistor, as a four-terminal device, is modeled. Then nonlinear negative resistive characteristic is modeled in order to be used as a piece-wise linear resistor in Chua's circuit. Examples of modeling nonlinear dynamic circuits are given encompassing a variety of modeling problems. A nonlinear circuit containing quartz oscillator is considered for modeling. Verification of the concept is performed by verifying the ability of the model to generalize i.e. to create acceptable responses to excitations not used during training. Implementation of these models within a behavioral simulator is exemplified. Every model is implemented in realistic surrounding in order to show its interaction, and of course, its usage and purpose.
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Ptak, Paweł, and Tomasz Prauzner. "THE USE OF MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN TEACHING ELECTRONICS." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 5 (May 21, 2019): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2019vol5.3937.
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The paper presents systems created in the software environment are tested in terms of operation and the operating parameters. The testing also includes the faithfulness of representing the actual circuit operation. Students work with these circuits during laboratory classes of Introduction to Electronics. The results of measurements obtained during the classes are compared with the results obtained by students when working with simulated electronic circuits. The results of students’work carried out with the two methods were assessed.
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He, Xinyu. "Design of CMOS circuits through transistor sizing techniques." Applied and Computational Engineering 12, no. 1 (September 25, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/12/20230279.
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With the increasingly diverse functional requirements of contemporary electronic products, the complexity of CMOS circuits often used in chips becomes higher and the number of transistors used increases. To solve the resulting performance problems of CMOS circuits, researchers have searched for many transistor sizing technologies. This paper summarizes three methods of CMOS circuit optimization. The paper introduces these three methods in terms of principle, effect, and application scenarios, and compares them respectively. Through analysis and simulation, it can be found that the use of these methods in circuit design can effectively achieve the purpose of improving speed, reducing power consumption, and improving the overall performance of the circuit. This lays a solid foundation for finally being able to present a good product with excellent performance and enhance the market competitiveness of the product. CMOS circuits are widely used, and circuit optimization is of great importance to the overall circuit design, and better optimization methods can even promote the development of the entire electronics and chip manufacturing fields.
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Jurnal, Redaksi Tim. "RANCANGAN RANGKAIAN ANTI BOUNCING UNTUK RANGKAIAN DIGITAL." Sutet 7, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/sutet.v7i1.168.
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Push-On switches or toggle switches and mechanical relays are mechanical contacts made of metal which, when supplied with electric current, will result in a spike of electrical sparks, called Bouncing Effects. Bounce effects are often a problem in digital circuits, especially in digital electronics circuits, because these Bounce Effects will cause the value of data or signals coming into the circuit inaccurate or indeterminate, when the mechanical switch is pressed as input data. This will undoubtedly lead to undesirable conditions and must be overcome with an electronic circuit called De-Bounce for the data or input signal to be more certain.
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I. Băjenescu, Titu-Marius. "SOME RELIABILITY ASPECTS OF MEMS AND NEMS MANUFACTURING." Journal of Engineering Science XXVIII, no. 2 (June 2021): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.52326/jes.utm.2021.28(2).07.
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A full understanding of the physics and statistics of the defect generation is required to investigate the ultimate reliability limitations of manufacturability of MEMS and NEMS. In order that the user can include electronic components in circuits to achieve errorfree and reliable functional units, assemblies or devices, must he has understood the mode of operation of these components. Only knowledge of their parameters and special properties allows, according to data sheet specifications and manufacturer's documents the optimal components for a specific application, to select. Both for the analysis of electronic circuits and for circuit dimensioning are knowledge of the structure and function of the used components of semiconductor electronics absolutely necessary.
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Chandra Shaker, Pittala, and Avireni Srinivasulu. "Electronic Tuning Square-Wave Generators with Improved Linearity Using Operational Transresistance Amplifier." Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 10, no. 2 (April 14, 2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jlpea10020012.
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Two new electronic tuning current-mode square-wave generators are introduced in the ensuing paper. In the first proposed square-wave generator circuit, one Operational Trans-resistance Amplifier (OTRA) and two passive components are involved, along with two NMOS depletion mode transistors. This circuit generates a square-wave with almost equal and fixed duty cycles. The second proposed circuit is able to control both on-duty and off-duty cycles independently with the help of two passive components, two NMOS depletion mode transistors, and two diodes connected to the circuit. The frequency of the proposed circuits can be adjusted with the passive components connected to the circuit. Moreover, electronic tuning can also be achieved with the proposed circuits. The measured results that are included in the paper show the linear variation of a time period as compared with existing OTRA based square waveform generator. The performance of the proposed circuits is examined while using SPICE models. These circuits are built on a laboratory breadboard using commercially available Current Feedback Operational Amplifier (AD844 AN) and passive components are connected externally and tested for square waveform generation. The obtained results demonstrate good agreement with the theoretical values.
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Sun, Junwei, Qinfei Yang, and Yanfeng Wang. "Memristive Circuit Design of Five-Person Voter Based on Memristor Ratioed Logic." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 15, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 1482–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2020.2895.
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Conventional CMOS-based logic circuits are approaching their limits when it comes to speed and energy consumption, so the development of new electronic components becomes critical. Memristor is a nano-structured special electronic device with the advantages of simple structure, low power consumption and easy integration. This invention supplys a new method for developing complex logic circuits. This article mainly presents the design of a five-person voter circuit. The OR/AND logic can be accomplished by varying the polarity of two parallel memristors. On the basis of the two logic circuits, adder and comparator are constructed. Further, based on the adder and comparator, a five-person voter is implemented. The correctness and rationality of the five-person voter based on MRL are confirmed via logistical analysis and simulation. Compared with the traditional logic circuits, the logic circuit designed in this paper has advantages in area cost. The realization of the five-person voter circuit further proves that the logic circuit based on memristor can be cascaded. The research results are expected to build more complex circuits, which may provide a reference for the design of other practical circuits.
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Putro, Trisno Yuwono, Dianthika Puteri Andini, and Robinsar Parlindungan. "Practical electronic maintenance and repair technique to support sustainability development." E3S Web of Conferences 479 (2024): 07034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202447907034.
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Electronic Maintenance and Repair is fundamentally a combination of theoretical and practical learning to support higher education in the vocational or polytechnic specialization. This material is outlined in a course by conducting experiments with existing problems with objects that are students in practicum classes. In this practice, it is explained about the specifications, damage, ways of measuring and diagnosing damage based on the Project Based Learning (PBL) method. All Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) are explained in Job Safety Analysis (JSA) and Job Safety Operation (JSO) followed by different circuits and work steps for each electronic circuit. In actual fact, after this method is applied, students can determine and make specifications for an electronic equipment/system, understand and also complete calculations about reliability and failure in electronic systems. One more thing is to recognize damage and how to measure electronic components both passive and active. It is also explaining work principles and looking for damage to a simple digital and analog electronic circuit. In the process, this method experiments with various circuits by measuring normal conditions and damage according to the given switch. The entire measurement method is performed through the specified testing point thereby analysis can be implemented based on the comparison of measurement results under normal conditions and damage. Based on the results of data and analysis of student response results aspects of PBL can be applied to tackle and solve the problems diagnosed by damaged conditions of the circuits. It can be used as MR Electronics practicum to gain and collaborate based on theory and data analysis.
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Ibrahim, Abu Bakar. "Computer-Assisted Teaching and Learning of Electronic Circuit on Student’s Motivation, Achievement and Cognitive Load." International Journal of Education, Science, Technology, and Engineering (IJESTE) 6, no. 1 (June 15, 2023): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.ijeste-0601.520.
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This paper aims to see the effectiveness of computerized simulation with electronic circuits on students' motivation, achievement and cognitive load. This study uses mechanical electronic circuit simulation as a teaching aid and facilitator for students studying Design and Technology subjects. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of using simulation on students' motivation, achievement and cognitive load. This study is also to discuss the development of Simulation and laboratory worksheets for LiveWire software that will be developed for the Design & Technology subject for second-year students at the high school level. The method presented using LiveWire is a systematic work step in exploring the use of simulation for electronic circuits. This electronic circuit simulation is able to give students the ability to read, interpret and transfer wiring circuits to schematic circuits. This LiveWire simulation is also suitable and able to improve the construction of meaningful knowledge for students. Assessment is done through post-tests, Instructional Material Motivation Scale (IMMS) questions and the NASA Task Load Index cognitive load test. The results of this study show that electronic circuit simulation has a positive effect on students' motivation, achievement and cognitive load.
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Maheshwari, Sudhanshu. "Realization of Simple Electronic Functions Using EXCCII." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 26, no. 11 (April 3, 2017): 1750171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126617501717.
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The paper presents a simple circuit for the realization of two digital modulation schemes: BPSK and ASK simultaneously, with the advantage of high input impedance at the signal input nodes and use of grounded resistors. The new circuits are based on the use of extra-[Formula: see text] current conveyor. Detailed analysis is given and circuit verification is carried out through simulations with a supply voltage of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]V and [Formula: see text]m CMOS parameters to support the proposed circuit. Nonideal study is also given. An extended application of the circuit in realizing precision half-wave and full-wave rectifiers is further proposed by incorporating a simple modification to the proposed topology. The new proposed CMOS compatible electronic circuits enrich the utility of extra-[Formula: see text] current conveyor for realizing diverse electronic functions.
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Chong, Peng Lean, Silvia Ganesan, Poh Kiat Ng, and Feng Yuan Kong. "A TRIZ-Adopted Development of a Compact Experimental Board for the Teaching and Learning of Operational Amplifier with Multiple Circuit Configurations." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (October 29, 2022): 14115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114115.
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Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are generally used for actualizing simple and complex electronic circuits in the subject of analogue electronics. In an effort to improve the teaching of op-amps in electronics engineering curricula, op-amp circuits in various configurations are often used for experiments in laboratory sessions so that students can acquire certain psychomotor and cognitive skills by constructing circuit connections and analyzing input–output waveforms. As a result, multiple configurations of operational amplifier circuits are often needed, requiring multiple sets of experimental boards or circuits for each experiment. This is usually not cost effective, requires more consumable electronic components, requires more maintenance and storage space in facilities, and is less user friendly for the students. Therefore, the aim of this research is to design a single, compact, and easy-to-replicate experimental board that can be converted into multiple configurations of the LM741 operational amplifier, comprising an inverting amplifier, a noninverting amplifier, a voltage follower, a summing amplifier, a differential amplifier, a differentiator, and an integrator, with minimal electronic components at a cost lower than EUR 10. The experimental board was tested with a constant input voltage of 1.0 V AC and a switching frequency of 1.0 kHz. It is capable of producing an output voltage corresponding to the individual operational amplifier configurations and can thus be used as a facilitating module for teaching and learning activities in the field of analogue electronics.
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M., Kalmuratov, and Dauletmuratova R. "INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN ELECTRONICS." American Journal of Applied Science and Technology 4, no. 4 (April 1, 2024): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajast/volume04issue04-05.
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The article deals with the integrated circuits and their applications in electronics. Integrated circuits (ICs) have revolutionized the field of electronics by enabling the integration of multiple components onto a single chip. This miniaturization has led to significant advancements in various electronic devices and systems. ICs offer numerous benefits, including compact size, energy efficiency, reliability, high speed, cost-effectiveness, flexibility, and scalability. The ability to combine different functions on a single chip has made ICs indispensable in a wide range of applications, from consumer electronics to industrial automation. The integration of digital signal processing, memory management, communication interfaces, and other functions on a single IC has enabled the development of sophisticated and high-performance devices.
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Sluckuvienė, Zita, and Lidija Božė. "Technologies and materials that have enabled the miniaturization of electronic elements." Applied Scientific Research 2, no. 2 (October 3, 2023): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.56131/tmt.2023.2.2.178.
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This article introduces the technologies used in microelectronics manufacturing (integrated circuits, printed circuit boards, etc.) It reviews traditional semiconductor materials (germanium, silicon) and some of the best the most famous and promising, but currently still being researched, semiconductor materials (carbon nanotubes, graphene). The article briefly describes Lithuania's potential in the production of microelectronic devices. Key words: semiconductor, nanotubes, integrated circuits, printed circuit boards, PIC.
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Li, Shih-Yu, Cheng-Hsiung Yang, Chin-Teng Lin, Li-Wei Ko, and Tien-Ting Chiu. "Chaotic Motions in the Real Fuzzy Electronic Circuits." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/875965.
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Fuzzy electronic circuit (FEC) is firstly introduced, which is implementing Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy chaotic systems on electronic circuit. In the research field of secure communications, the original source should be blended with other complex signals. Chaotic signals are one of the good sources to be applied to encrypt high confidential signals, because of its high complexity, sensitiveness of initial conditions, and unpredictability. Consequently, generating chaotic signals on electronic circuit to produce real electrical signals applied to secure communications is an exceedingly important issue. However, nonlinear systems are always composed of many complex equations and are hard to realize on electronic circuits. Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model is a powerful tool, which is described by fuzzy IF-THEN rules to express the local dynamics of each fuzzy rule by a linear system model. Accordingly, in this paper, we produce the chaotic signals via electronic circuits through T-S fuzzy model and the numerical simulation results provided by MATLAB are also proposed for comparison. T-S fuzzy chaotic Lorenz and Chen-Lee systems are used for examples and are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed electronic circuit.
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Amar, Nissim, Aviv Ziv, Pavel Strajnikov, Alon Kuperman, and Ilan Aharon. "Topological Overview of Auxiliary Source Circuits for Grid-Tied Converters." Machines 11, no. 2 (January 27, 2023): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11020171.
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This paper reviews different types of capacitors and auxiliary source circuit topologies and presents an introduction to control strategies used for circuit applications reducing DC-BUS capacitance. The paper argues in favor of replacing bulky electrolytic capacitors in capacitor-supported power electronic systems with auxiliary source circuits. DC-BUS capacitors are widely used in grid-tied power converters (rectifiers) and utilized for power balance, voltage ripple limitation, and short-term energy storage. The electrolyte capacitor is the Achilles heel of any rectifier and power converter due to its higher rate of failure than other circuitry components. Auxiliary source circuits are key components to qualitatively improve the reliability of the DC links, where they divert the instantaneous pulsating power into extra reliable storage components. Unlike previous work, this review serves to provide a clear picture of an auxiliary source circuit design, in favor of optimal solution selection according to the specific application. Therefore, energy storage components (capacitors), topologies, and control strategies of auxiliary source circuits are comprehensively reviewed in this paper. Additionally, detailed explanations, comparisons, and discussions of auxiliary source circuits are offered.
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Wallace, D. B. "Automated Electronic Circuit Manufacturing Using Ink-Jet Technology." Journal of Electronic Packaging 111, no. 2 (June 1, 1989): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3226514.
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The feasibility of using ink-jet technology to write circuits on PC board material and TAB substrate has been demonstrated. Several systems were evaluated and the most successful system used paraffin as a resist material on a copper substrate. The copper was etched and the paraffin subsequently removed to form the conductive paths of the circuit. Line widths down to 100μm were achieved, and line widths of 50μm were shown feasible. The generation of the print pattern from a computer file illustrated the potential of coupling a circuit writing system to an electrical CAD system to provide rapid turnaround prototype circuits.
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Kobayashi, Haruo, and Anna Kuwana. "Study of analog-to-digital mixed integrated circuit configuration using number theory." Impact 2022, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2022.3.9.
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Electronic circuits form the basis of much of the technology we use today. Professor Haruo Kobayashi and Assistant Professor Anna Kuwana, Division of Electronics and Informatics, Gunma University, Japan, are utilising classical mathematics, including theorems such as number theory and control theory in their design of circuits that contain elements of analogue signalling. Analogue circuit planning is regarded as an art as these circuits are typically designed based on mature designers' intuition and experiences in a process that is less systematic for coming up with new architectures and more designing than digital circuit design and Kobayashi and Kuwana firmly believe that 'beautiful' mathematics can facilitate truly great circuit design. Additional mathematics techniques employed by Kobayashi and the team are statistics, coding theory, modulation and signal processing algorithms and pairing pure mathematics theorems with electrical engineering is a key feature of the researchers' work. The team utilises theoretical analysis and simulations such as the circuit simulator (SPICE) and system simulator (MATLAB) to test its work and collaborates with semiconductor companies and electronic measurement instrument companies in Japan for smart circuit design and effective circuit testing. So far, results include that using SAR ADC configurations with Fibonacci sequence weights can improve the speeds and reliability of the SAR ADC. Also several new DAC architecutures and waveform sampling methods are derived based on mathematics.
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Manukyan, Vahram K. "Software applications in modeling of physical processes in radio engineering and electronics in the context of distance learning." Physics of Wave Processes and Radio Systems 24, no. 1 (May 6, 2021): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18469/1810-3189.2021.24.1.89-97.
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This article examines the existing software applications for electronic circuit prototyping that can help evaluate the operation of the entire circuit based on specified parameters and find the best options. Using the TAC application and the Arduino library components, projects and instructions for creating and testing electronic circuits were developed. The resulting application was tested for capabilities and efficiency. The interface design and settings were also assessed to determine whether they simulate real conditions. The functionality of TAC application made it possible to generate alternate circuits. The results of software testing showed that using the application speeds up the learning process significantly when compared to traditional methods and helps eliminate problems that may emerge when designing and assembling circuits. The application may be useful in designing complex electronic circuits and developing teaching aids for students in technical fields.
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Tantrairatn, Suradet, Paphakorn Pitayachaval, Sirisak Rangklang, and Jiraphon Srisertpol. "A Comparison of Cover Coat Methods for Electronic Flexible Printed Circuit (E-FPC) Based on Peeling Strength." Advanced Materials Research 421 (December 2011): 489–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.421.489.
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In electronic flexible printed circuit (E-FPC) manufacturing procedure, the cover laminating process in which the line circuit (copper wire) is covered with hot cover layer on the printed circuits is importance process. This process will help to increase elasticity, strength and corrosion protection to the product therefore this process can affect directly to quality of the printed circuit. The process for laminating printed circuits can be classified into two methods by coating with industry iron and hot bar machine. This article compares the quality of the electrical circuit between industry iron and hot bar machine methods in the cover coating process by using Peeling Strength to indicate the quality in the same temperature and time condition. The experimental result illustrates the electrical circuits using the hot bar machine method give Peeling Strength value in the acceptable range and the laminating surface of circuits is smooth and uniform. On the other hand, Peel Strength value of electrical circuits using the industry iron method is unsteady and lower than the acceptable range. Moreover the result circuit product has wrinkled coating surface and become the waste product.
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Pandya, Killol V., and ShivPrasad Kosta. "Synthetic Plasma Liquid Based Electronic Circuits Realization-A Novel Concept." International Journal of Biomedical Science 12, no. 3 (September 15, 2016): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2016.12079.
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Biomedical research is contributing significant role in the field of biomedical engineering and applied science. It brings research and innovations to a different level. This study investigated artificial human blood-synthetic plasma liquid as conductive medium. Keeping in mind the conductivity of synthetic plasma, astable multivibrator as well as differential amplifier circuit were demonstrated. The circuits were given normal input voltages at regular temperature and ideal conditions. The result shows desired response which supports the novel concept. For both the circuits, phase shift of 1800 achieved by analysing biological electronic circuits.
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Bardales, Andrea C., Quynh Vo, and Dmitry M. Kolpashchikov. "Singleton {NOT} and Doubleton {YES; NOT} Gates Act as Functionally Complete Sets in DNA-Integrated Computational Circuits." Nanomaterials 14, no. 7 (March 28, 2024): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14070600.
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A functionally complete Boolean operator is sufficient for computational circuits of arbitrary complexity. We connected YES (buffer) with NOT (inverter) and two NOT four-way junction (4J) DNA gates to obtain IMPLY and NAND Boolean functions, respectively, each of which represents a functionally complete gate. The results show a technological path towards creating a DNA computational circuit of arbitrary complexity based on singleton NOT or a combination of NOT and YES gates, which is not possible in electronic computers. We, therefore, concluded that DNA-based circuits and molecular computation may offer opportunities unforeseen in electronics.
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Modes, Christina, Melanie Bawohl, Jochen Langer, Jessica Reitz, Anja Eisert, Mark Challingsworth, Virginia Garcia, and Sarah Groman. "Thick Film Pastes for Power Applications." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2013, CICMT (September 1, 2013): 000155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/cicmt-wp24.
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Electronic circuits made by thick film technology are commonly used today in electronic circuitry for automotive applications. Densely packed multi-layer hybrid circuits are very well established for motor and transmission management in standard gasoline fuelled vehicles. As automotive technology shifts from mechanical systems to electrical systems and toward more electrically driven vehicles, such as hybrid electric vehicles and full electric vehicles, thick film systems need to be adapted to fit the challenges and needs of these new applications. The following is a description of a new set of thick film pastes, both precious and base metal, which have attributes and performance suitable for power electronics in automotive applications. The materials provide a means to use common thick film technology to build power circuits to meet the new needs, such as high current carrying capacity and thermal dissipation.
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Özüaǧ, Mehmet, İsmail Cantürk, and Lale Özyilmaz. "Augmented Reality-Based Simulation of Some Basic Electrical Circuits Which Requires Oscilloscope for Analysis without Hardware." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 06 (August 19, 2019): 2050096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620500966.
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This study aims to contribute to the electronics education through the use of Augmented Reality (AR) technology, and thus, limit the dependency on a physical environment and the equipment required for the experiments performed in electronics education. In this regard, an Augmented Reality-based mobile application (ARElectronicLab) has been designed to provide a technology–reality blended experience of electronic circuits in real physical life. This AR-based mobile application has been used to create simulations of diode clipper circuit and inverting operational amplifier circuit. The mobile application operates with a marker in real life and enables monitoring of 3D simulations of electronic components through a touch screen. Hence, the application offers a real-like experience and brings an innovative and enriching perspective into the electronics education.
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Cassara, Frank A. "Determining the State of N Diodes in a Multi-Diode Network." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 47, no. 2 (April 2010): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijeee.47.2.11.
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Many circuits appearing in pulse and digital electronics are multi-diode networks. In such networks diodes can typically be modeled as either on or off. Determining the states of all diodes can become quite challenging (and sometimes frustrating) for the undergraduate student who has not yet developed intuitive insight into the subject. In this paper a logical and systematic procedure for determining the state of all the diodes in a multi-diode network is presented to simplify the circuit analysis, ease the frustration, and help the student develop physical insight into the design and analysis of electronic circuits.
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Koo, Jae-Mo, Sungjun Im, Linan Jiang, and Kenneth E. Goodson. "Integrated Microchannel Cooling for Three-Dimensional Electronic Circuit Architectures." Journal of Heat Transfer 127, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1839582.
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The semiconductor community is developing three-dimensional circuits that integrate logic, memory, optoelectronic and radio-frequency devices, and microelectromechanical systems. These three-dimensional (3D) circuits pose important challenges for thermal management due to the increasing heat load per unit surface area. This paper theoretically studies 3D circuit cooling by means of an integrated microchannel network. Predictions are based on thermal models solving one-dimensional conservation equations for boiling convection along microchannels, and are consistent with past data obtained from straight channels. The model is combined within a thermal resistance network to predict temperature distributions in logic and memory. The calculations indicate that a layer of integrated microchannel cooling can remove heat densities up to 135W/cm2 within a 3D architecture with a maximum circuit temperature of 85°C. The cooling strategy described in this paper will enable 3D circuits to include greater numbers of active levels while exposing external surface area for functional signal transmission.
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Rahman, Syaifur. "Pelatihan Elektronika Dasar Bagi Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas di Wilayah Kalimantan Barat." Jurnal Pengabdi 4, no. 2 (October 28, 2021): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jplp2km.v4i2.48106.
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The community service in the form of electronics training aims to introduce the field of electronics to high school students in several districts in West Kalimantan.This electronics training is carried out to increase the knowledge of students in the field of electronics to increase their interest in studying at the Department of Electrical Engineering,Tanjungpura University.There are five schools targeted for the training, namely: MAN IC Sambas, SMKN 1 Sambas, SMAN 1 Siantan, SMAN 1 Paloh Sambas and SMKN 1 Mandor Landak.The method used is class discussion and practice by directly involving students to jointly assemble electronic circuits using electronic modules that have been made.During the training activities the students were very enthusiastic about participating in the training and this was shown by many students who wanted to try assembling electronic circuits with the provided electronic modules.Furthermore, the electronic modules were handed over to the school in order to motivate students to try to learn other electronic circuits.