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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Electronic Control Unit (ECU)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Buthker, Gregory S. "Automated Vehicle Electronic Control Unit (ECU) Sensor Location Using Feature-Vector Based Comparisons." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1558613387729083.

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2

Tanoh, Henry-Gertrude. "Implementation of Post-Build Configuration for Gateway Electronic Control Unit : Gateway ECU to enable third-party update." Thesis, KTH, Radio Systems Laboratory (RS Lab), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231545.

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The development of embedded software in the automotive industry has reached a level of complexity, which is unmaintainable by traditional approaches. The AUTomotive Open System Architecture (AUTOSAR) was created to standardize the automotive software. In this architecture, the development of software is spread, in general, between three different entities: Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), e.g. Volvo; Tier-1 Suppliers, such as Vector; and Tier-2 Suppliers, for example, Renesas Microelectronics. Another methodology that has emerged is to develop Electronic Control Units (ECUs) domain wise: infotainment, chassis & safety, powertrain, and body and security. To allow inter-domain communication, the state of art for fast and reliable communication is to use a gateway ECU. The gateway ECU is a crucial component in the electrical/electronic (E/E) architecture of a vehicle. In AUTOSAR, a third party, different from the car manufacturer, typically implements the gateway ECU. A major feature for a gateway ECU is to provide highly flexible configuration. This flexibility allows the car manufacturer (OEM) to fit the gateway ECU to different requirements and product derivations. This thesis investigates the implementation of post-build configuration for a gateway ECU. First, the thesis provides the reader with some background on AUTOSAR and the current E/E architecture of the gateway ECU. The protocols used by the gateway are explained. The design of a potential solution and its implementation are discussed. The implementation is evaluated through regression tests of the routing functionality. Processing time, memory use, and scaling of the solution are also taken into account. The results of the design and the implementation if judged adequate could be used as a springboard to allow post-build in an existing gateway ECU architecture. The results could consolidate the path towards full conformance to AUTOSAR.
Inbyggda system har okat i fordonsindustrin. Utvecklingen av dessa inbyggda programvara har varit komplex och ar inte genomforbar per ett enhet. Idag ar utvecklingen gjort av tre foretag: en OEM (Original Equipement Manufacturer), Tier-1 leverantorer som tillhandahaller mjukvara till OEMs, Tier-2 leverantorer som tillhandahaller elektroniska styrenheter (ECU) hardvaror. Förmedlingsnod ECU är en viktig komponent i ett fordons elektriska/elektroniska (E/E) arkitektur. En tredje part implementerar, som skiljer sig från OEM, de flesta funktionerna av den förmedlingsnod ECU. En viktig egenskap för en förmedlingsnod är att tillhandahålla en mycket flexibel konfiguration. Denna flexibilitet tillåter (OEM) att anpassa förmedlingsnod till olika kraven och fordonarkitekturer. Denna avhandling undersöker genomförandet av Post-build konfigurationen, ocksa kallad dynamisk konfigurationen för en förmedlingsnod ECU. För det första gers bakgrund på AUTOSAR och den nuvarande E/E arkitekturen för den ECU. De kommunikation protokoll som används förklaras. Utformningen av en potentiell lösning och dess genomförande diskuteras. Implementeringen utvärderas genom regressionstest av routingsfunktionaliteten. Behandlingstid, minneseffektivitet och skalning av lösningen beaktas också. Resultaten av konstruktionen och genomförandet om det bedömdes som lämpligt skulle kunna användas som ett springbräda för att möjliggöra postbyggnad i en befintlig förmedlingsnod arkitektur. Resultaten kan konsolidera vägen mot full överensstämmelse med AUTOSAR.
Le développement de systèmes embarqués dans l’industrie automobile a atteint un niveau de complexité très élevé. D’où la nécessité de créer de nouvelles méthodologies. AUTomotive Open Architecture (AUTOSAR) a été créé pour la mise place de standards pour le développement dans l’industrie automobile. Dans l’architecture AUTOSAR, le développement de logiciels embarqués est reparti, en général, entre trois partis : Original Equipement Manufacturer (OEM), Renault par exemple. Le deuxième niveau regroupe les fournisseurs de logiciels et outils, par exemple, Elektrobit. On retrouve en troisième position les Tier-2 suppliers, fournisseurs de cartes électroniques pour l’automobile, comme Renesas ST. Le développement de calculateurs est séparé par domaine : Multimédia, châssis, motorisation et intérieur. La communication inter-domaine passe par un calculateur passerelle. Le calculateur passerelle est essentielle dans l’architecture électronique du véhicule. Dans AUTOSAR, le calculateur est fourni par un tiers parti, différent du constructeur automobile. Il est donc nécessaire pour le constructeur d’être capable de configurer le calculateur passerelle, sans repasser par le vendeur. Par exemple, le constructeur peut décider, réception du software de rajouter une nouvelle route dans la passerelle. Cet aspect est connu sur le nom de Post-build Configuration dans AUTOSAR. Le but de ce stage est le design et l’implémentation de Post-build configuration d’un calculateur passerelle. D’abord, AUTOSAR et l’architecture électronique d’un calculateur passerelle sont détaillées. Les protocoles de communication sont aussi décrits. Ensuite, le design et les choix d’implémentation sont discutés. L’implémentation est évaluée avec des tests de régression sur les fonctionnalités de routage. Aussi, la solution finale est évaluée sur les critères de performance de routage, l’efficacité en consommation mémoire et la capacité d’être intégrée dans un produit final.
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3

Lööf, Sam. "Evaluation of Protocols for Transfer of Automotive Data from an Electronic Control Unit." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-176080.

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Nowadays almost all motorized vehicles use electronic control units (ECUs) to control parts of a vehicle’s function. A good way to understand a vehicle’s behaviour is to analyse logging data containing ECU internal variables. Data must then be transferred from the ECU to a computer in order to study such data. Today, Keyword Protocol (KWP) requests are used to read data from the ECUs at Scania. The method is not suitable if many signals should be logged with a higher transfer rate than the one used today. In this thesis, communication protocols, that allow an ECU to communicate with a computer, are studied. The purpose of this master’s thesis is to examine how the transfer rate of variables from Scania’s ECUs to a computer can become faster compared to the method used today in order to get a more frequent logging of the variables. The method that was chosen was implemented, evaluated and also compared to the method used today. The busload, total CPU load and CPU load for the frequency used during the experiments, 100 Hz, was also examined and evaluated. The experiments performed show that the method chosen, data acquisition (DAQ) with CAN Calibration Protocol (CCP), increased the transfer rate of the internal ECU variables significantly compared to the method using KWP requests. The results also show that the number of signals have a major impact on the busload for DAQ. The busload is the parameter that limits the number of signals that can be logged. The total CPU load and the CPU load for 100 Hz are not affected significantly compared to when no transmissions are performed. Even though the busload can become high if many variables are used in DAQ, DAQ with CCP is preferable over KWP requests. This is due to the great increase in transfer rate of the ECU internal variables and thus a great increase in the logging frequency.
Nuförtiden används styrenheter (ECUer) för att styra delar av ett fordons funktion i så gott som alla motoriserade fordon. Ett bra sätt att förstå ett fordons beteende är att analysera loggningsdata som innehåller interna styrenhetsvariabler. Data måste då överföras från styrenheten till en dator för att data ska kunna studeras. Idag används Keyword Protocol-förfrågningar (KWP-förfrågningar) för att läsa data från Scanias styrenheter. Metoden är inte lämplig om man vill logga många variabler med en högre överföringshastighet än den som används idag. I detta examensarbete studeras kommunikationsprotokoll som tillåter en styrenhet att kommunicera med en dator. Examensarbetets syfte är undersöka hur överföringshastigheten av variablerna, från Scanias styrenheter till en dator, kan ökas jämfört med den metod som används idag för att få en mer frekvent loggning av variablerna. Metoden som valdes implementerades, utvärderades och jämfördes med metoden som används idag. Busslasten, totala CPU-lasten och CPU-lasten för den frekvens som användes under experimenten 100 Hz har också undersökts och evaluerats. De utförda experimenten visar att den valda metoden, data acquisition (DAQ) med CAN Calibration Protocol (CCP), ökade överföringshastigheten av de interna styrenhetsvariablerna betydligt jämfört med metoden KWP-förfrågningar. Experimenten visar också att antalet signaler har stor inverkan på busslasten för DAQ. Busslasten är den parameter som begränsar antalet signaler som kan loggas. Den totala CPU-lasten och CPU-lasten för 100 Hz påverkas inte betydligt jämfört med när inga överföringar görs. DAQ med CCP är att föredra framför KWP-förfrågningar även om busslasten blir hög för DAQ då den stora ökningen i överföringshastighet av de interna styrenhetsvariablerna medför en mer frekvent loggning av variablerna.
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4

Pehrsson, David, and Jesús Garza. "Bootloader with reprogramming functionality for electronic control units in vehicles: Analysis, design and Implementation." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Data- och elektroteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-20136.

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In an automotive context today’s need of testing functions while in factory, correcting faults in the workshop or adding extra value in the aftermarket makes it very important to easily be able to download new software to the electronic control units in vehicles. In the platform for standard automotive software development called AUTOSAR, two known protocols are presented to specify the procedure on how to implement this download operation: Unified Diagnostic Services (UDS) and the Universal Measurement and Calibration Protocol (XCP). However the part of the UDS and XCP standards that is about reprogramming is not completely a part of the AUTOSAR standard yet. In this thesis, UDS and XCP have been compared to evaluate which of the two that has most support in AUTOSAR today and are most likely to be fully integrated into AUTOSAR in the future. Since UDS already has support in AUTOSAR for some of the functions needed for reprogramming and because of the fact that UDS is a part of the extensively used On-board Diagnostic standard (OBD-II), UDS is chosen to be the most suitable protocol for implementing reprogramming functionality according to AUTOSAR. A bootloader with the ability to download data has been developed using only relevant functions from UDS and following the AUTOSAR specifications where it is applicable.
För att kunna testa fordonsfunktioner i fabriken, åtgärda mjukvarufel under service eller för att uppgradera fordonet med nya funktioner är det viktigt att kunna ladda ner ny mjukvara till fordonets styrsystem. Den standardiserade mjukvaruplattformen för fordonsindustrin, AUTOSAR, innehåller två protokoll som båda specificerar hur mjukvara kan laddas ner: Unified Diagnostic Services (UDS) och Universal Measurement and Calibration Protocol (XCP). Tyvärr är de delarna av UDS och XCP som beskriver mjukvarunerladdning inte en del av AUTOSAR än. I det här examensarbetet har UDS och XCP jämförts för att utvärdera vilken av de båda som i dagsläget har störst stöd för nerladdning av mjukvara i AUTOSAR och vilken som troligast kommer att bli en del av AUTOSAR i framtiden. Eftersom AUTOSAR redan stödjer några av de funktioner i UDS som behövs för nerladdning av mjukvara samt på grund av att UDS är en del av branschstandarden för fordonsdiagnostik OBD-II, har UDS valts som den mest lämpade att i dagsläget användas för att implementera nerladdning av mjukvara enligt AUTOSAR. En bootloader som stödjer nerladdning av mjukvara via UDS har sedan implementerats enligt AUTOSAR-specifikationen så långt som möjligt.
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5

Toscanelli, Massimo. "Multicore Software Development for Engine Control Units." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19281/.

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The aim of this thesis was to find the best solution for multi-core data transfer of Engine Control Units provided with AUTOSAR architecture. Once studied the best algorithm to design a proper inter-core communicator, a code generator has been developed to automatically produce C code and implement multi-core control units' functionalities.
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6

Kyloušek, Josef. "Inovace systému pro automatizované integrační testy elektronických jednotek vozidel." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-363771.

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This master's thesis deals with the issue of software tools for automated integrational ECU testing. It is specifically focused on TestAut 2 tool, which is developed by e4t company and used for testing of Skoda cars. Goal of this thesis is comparison of TestAut 2 against similar tools used in automotive industry. This work contains analysis of TestAut 2 tooland description of principles and features of EXAM, MODENA and PROVEtech tools. Set of principles considerd as advantageous is chosen from collected information. Next part of this thesis describes implementation of chosen principles to TestAut 2 tool, verification ofit's functionality and evaluation of it's benefits. In the conclusion author suggests another improvements that can be done.
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7

Dias, Bruno Martin de Alcantara. "Unidade microcontroladora para gerenciamento eletrônico de um motor de combustão interna ciclo Otto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3140/tde-15062016-162711/.

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Nas últimas décadas, a indústria automobilística mundial vem investindo no desenvolvimento tecnológico dos motores, com o objetivo de alcançar melhor eficiência energética e atender às legislações que limitam a quantidade de resíduos tóxicos nos gases de exaustão e menor consumo de combustível. Isso resultou na implantação dos sistemas de gerenciamento eletrônico do motor, que possibilitam funcionalidades para se controlar diversas variáveis do motor, aumentando consideravelmente o rendimento do motor. Este trabalho tem como objetivos explorar a dinâmica de um motor de combustão interna ciclo Otto, os sinais elétricos associados, e os componentes de seu gerenciamento eletrônico. A partir dessas informações, o trabalho apresenta o processo de analise dos sinais elétricos e as estratégias de controle utilizadas em um sistema de gerenciamento real. Assim, são desenvolvidos o hardware e o firmware de uma unidade microcontroladora para gerenciamento eletrônico do motor. O hardware foi elaborado com uma concepção centralizada, ou seja, foi usado apenas um microcontrolador de 32-bit para gerenciar todas as funções. O firmware de controle foi desenvolvido de forma modular baseado em modelos de malha fechada. O modelo matemático do motor foi identificado utilizando técnicas de controle em um veículo real, e a avalidação do modelo foi obtida através de testes em um dinamômetro inercial.
In the last few decades, the world automotive industry has invested in the technological development of the engines, aiming to get better energetic efficiency and comply with legislations that limit the amount of toxic exhaustion gases. This resulted in electronic management systems for engines, which allowed flexibility to control several engine-related variables, considerably increasing the engine efficiency. This work aims to explore the Otto cycle combustion engine dynamics, its electronic signals, and the elements of its electronic management. Based on that information, this work presents the analysis process of the electronic signals, and the control strategies used in a real management system. Then, the hardware and firmware of a microcontroller unity are developed for the electronic management of the engine. The hardware was elaborated with a centralized concept, i.e., only one 32-bit microcontroller was used to control all functions. The control firmware was developed in a modular scheme, based on the closed loop models. The engine mathematical model was identified using control techniques in a real engine. The results were obtained by tests in an inertial dynamometer.
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8

Civelek, Utku. "A Software Tool For Vehicle Calibration, Diagnosis And Test Viacontroller Area Network." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614836/index.pdf.

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Controller Area Networks (CAN&rsquo
s) in vehicles need highly sophisticated software tools to be designed and tested in development and production phases. These tools consume a lot of computer resources and usually have complex user interfaces. Therefore, they are not feasible for vehicle service stations where low-performance computers are used and the workers not very familiar with software are employed. In this thesis, we develop a measurement, calibration, test and diagnosis program -diaCAN- that is suitable for service stations. diaCAN can transmit and receive messages over 3 CAN bus channels. It can display and plot the data received from the bus, import network message and Electronic Control Unit (ECU) configurations, and record bus traffic with standard file formats. Moreover, diaCAN can calibrate ECU values, acquire fault records and test vehicle components with CAN Calibration Protocol functions. All of these capabilities are verified and evaluated on a test bed with real CAN bus and ECUs.
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9

Kresta, Martin. "Návrh zařízení pro demonstraci a testování produktu NCV7471." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220233.

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Práce se zabývá návrhem automobilové elektronické řídicí jednotky (ECU) s funkcí partial networking definovanou normou ISO 11898-6. Cílem je navrhnout a vytvořit demonstrační ECU s použitím system basis chip NCV7471. Protože NCV7471 obsahuje standardní CAN transceiver, funkce partial networking je realizována pouze softwarem řídicí jednotky. Práce zvažuje možné způsoby realizace jak HW, tak SW části, tak aby byla zajištěna nízká spotřeba ECU v různých operačních módech, a snaží se sledovat současné trendy v automobilovém průmyslu.
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10

Körtgen, Christopher, Gabriele Morandi, Georg Jacobs, and Felix Straßburger. "Automated calibration of a tractor transmission control unit." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-199792.

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This paper presents an approach for an automated calibration process for electronic control units (ECU) of power split transmissions in agricultural tractors. Today the calibration process is done manually on a prototype tractor by experts. In order to reduce development costs the calibration process is shifted from prototype testing to software modelling. Simultaneous optimization methods are used within the software modelling to calculate new parameters. The simultaneous optimization includes objective evaluation methods to evaluate the tractor behaviour. With the combination of both methods inside the software modelling, the calibration process can be automated. The success of this approach depends on the quality of the software modelling. Therefore the identification of the initial prototype behaviour and the fitting of the tractor software model is done at the beginning. At the end of the automated calibration the validation and fine-tuning of the calculated parameters are done on the real tractor. These steps are condensed to a five step automated calibration process which includes simultaneous optimization and objective evaluation methods in several applications. After the detailed discussion of this automated calibration process one function of the ECU (one transmission component) will be calibrated through this process as example.
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Hansson, Johan, and Christian Bothén. "Design and construction of electronic control unit." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353124.

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The main objective of this project was to create a new, future-proofed, electroniccontrol unit for a test station at GE Healthcare in Uppsala. The control unit was tobe created in cooperation with the technical consultant firm Rejlers. The project consisted of two parts, one investigation part and one design part. The investigation part consisted of examining the previous control unit and its connection between the quality control station and the host computer. This examination resulted in a specification of requirements which was used as a basis in the design of the new control unit. The design part consisted of finding durable and reliable components that met the specification of requirements. During the design process the work was documented and compiled in a technical documentation for the control unit. The project resulted in a new control unit that was improved by using a programmable logic controller that was directly compatible with LabVIEW, moving external power supplies inside the control unit to limit the number of cables and adding cartridge fuses for safety. It also resulted in a full technical documentationof the unit, facilitating future maintenance. The new control unit was considered to be future-proofed, but in order to consider the entire test station future-proofed the quality control station would have needed to be replaced as well. At the time this report was written, the new electronic control unit had been designed and was under construction.
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Bao, Rui He. "Case-based reasoning for automotive engine electronic control unit calibration." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2099648.

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Polat, Cuma. "An Electronic Control Unit Design For A Miniature Jet Engine." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611442/index.pdf.

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Gas turbines are widely used as power sources in many industrial and transportation applications. This kind of engine is the most preferred prime movers in aircrafts, power plants and some marine vehicles. They have different configurations according to their mechanical constructions such as turbo-prop, turbo-shaft, turbojet, etc. These engines have different efficiencies and specifications and some advantages and disadvantages compared to Otto-Cycle engines. In this thesis, a small turbojet engine is investigated in order to find different control algorithms. AMT Olympus HP small turbojet engine has been used to determine the mathematical model of a gas turbine engine. Some important experimental data were taken from AMT Olympus engine by making many experiments. All components of the engine have been modeled by using laws of thermodynamics and some arithmetic calculations such as numerical solution of nonlinear differential equations, digitizing compressor and turbine map etc. This mathematical model is employed to create control algorithm of the engine. At first, standard control strategies had been considered such as P (proportional), PI (proportional integral), and PID (proportional-integral-differential) controllers. Because of the nonlinearities in gas turbines, standard control algorithms are not commonly used in literature. At the second stage fuzzy logic controllers have been designed to control the engine efficiently. This control algorithm was combined with mathematical of the engine in MATLAB environment and input-output relations were investigated. Finally, fuzzy logic control algorithm was embedded into an electronic controller.
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14

Jaks, Liis. "Security Evaluation of the Electronic Control Unit Software Update Process." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-188171.

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A modern vehicle is controlled by a distributed network of embedded devices - Electronic Control Units. The software of these devices is updated over an easily accessible and standardised diagnostic interface. Their hardware capabilities are very low, and thereby the security implementations are fairly minimalistic. This thesis analyses the Electronic Control Units used in the heavy-duty vehicle company Scania for security vulnerabilities. First, a list of security requirements was compiled. The implementation of these requirements was verified on several Electronic Control Units by the application of software testing methods. Testing identified two potentially dangerous shortfalls: short encryption seeds used in the authentication challenge, and a lack of reliable software source verification. These vulnerabilities were validated by performing experimental attacks. A brute-force attack was performed on a device with 2-byte seeds and keys. Next, an active man-in-the-middle attack was successfuly carried out to bypass authentication and ash the Electronic Control Unit with arbitrary software. Additionally, a passive man-in-the-middle attack was performed to sniff and store software files. The final attack was a combination: a valid seed and authentication code pair was sniffed over a flashing session, followed by using the pair to gain access later. To mitigate these attacks, it is most important to use long authentication seeds and keys, and implement all security standards. Public-key cryptography may also be an alternative for authentication. Software data encryption could be considered for integrity and confidentiality. A less computation-intense solution would be adding cryptographic signatures to messages.
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15

Björnham, Oscar, and Tobias Sundqvist. "Measuring and modelling of humidity penetration in an electronic control unit." Thesis, Umeå University, Department of Physics, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-35150.

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Real world modeling has become a very useful tool when new designs and applications are tested before they are introduced on the market. A field that recently has discovered the possible use of modeling is reliability prediction. The reliability and lifetime of a component has until recently been based on months and years of testing. In order to shorten the test time it is possible to simulate the environmental effect on the components. Another advantage of modeling is that changes of large systems where many different components work together can easily be studied. Without modeling the reliability has to be tested over and over again if the system is redesigned since it is impossible to know how the new change will affect the reliability.

Since electronic circuits are being made smaller and smaller with the increasing demand of faster technology the circuits are very vulnerable to corrosion. A trend in the automotive industry is also to move the electronic devices from the benign environment in the cab to the hash environment on the driveline or the chassi. The most common way to protect the electronics from the hash environment is to put it into a protective covering, also called Electronic Control Unit (ECU). Even though the ECU is sealed, water can still enter the ECU in several ways and cause serious damages by corrosion. The corrosion rate of a component is among others depending of the environmental humidity and temperature. Knowing the humidity and temperature are therefore very important to be able to eliminate corrosion problems. In order to achieve a better understanding of the physics behind the failure and to improve the reliability of the ECU a model of the temperature and humidity penetration is built in this thesis.

There are several components in the ECU which all responds differently to water vapour. By measuring the humidity penetration in the ECU while components were added one by one, the physical properties of the components could be determined. Some properties were also determined through additional solubility measurements. The humidity penetration of the ECU is then predicted by inserting these properties into mathematical models in SimulinkÓ.

The conclusion is that it is possible to model the humidity penetration and the temperature changes in the ECU. After the physical properties of the components were determined, the diffusion model agreed well with measurements. The numerical method used in this thesis has been found to be fast and stable. The length of the time-steps has been varied from a couple of minutes to more than an hour in the numerical model. A few physical properties has to be examined more in detailed and the model is then going to be a good foundation on which corrosion and other damaging processes can be modelled.

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Robertson, Leanne. "Development of an electronic control unit for the T63 gas turbine." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9145.

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Includes bibliographical references.
Fundamental research has been undertaken at the SASOL Advanced Fuels Laboratory to investigate the effects of the chemistry and physical properties of both conventional and synthetic jet fuels on threshold combustion. This research was undertaken using a purpose built low pressure continuous combustion test facility. Researchers at the laboratory now wish to examine these effects on an aviation gas turbine in service for which “off-map” scheduling of fuel to the engine would be required. A two phase project was thus proposed to develop this capability; the work of this thesis embodies Phase I of that project.
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17

Donner, Mark. "Modelling, real-time simulation and control of automotive windscreen wiper systems for electronic control unit development." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/77722/.

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In recent years there has been a growth in the automotive industry, coupled with a growth in the amount of electronic components and systems in a modern vehicle. The higher amount of electronics has led to an increased amount of Electronic Control Units (ECU) in a vehicle which require advanced simulation based testing procedures throughout their development process. One such method is Hardware in the Loop (HIL) simulation in which a real ECU is connected to simulation models of its environment via a real-time simulator. This project is concerned with developing a plant model of a windscreen wiper system for use in the development of Jaguar Land Rover’s (JLR) body electronics ECU. The system is divided into four parts which are modelled separately: Wiper motor, linkages, arm and blades, and the windscreen environment. The wiper motor and mechanical elements models are derived and implemented using the physical modelling tools SimScape and SimMechanics. A dynamic friction model describing the interaction between the wiper blades and the windscreen is developed, based on results presented in the literature. A simple aerodynamic model describing the forces on the wiper blades is also established. The parameters of the models are derived using three sequential optimisation methods: Transfer function parameter identification, Genetic Algorithms (GA) and a nonlinear least squares local optimiser. A transfer function relating the motor current to the voltage was derived for step one, and a bespoke GA has been developed for step two. The parameters were successfully identified. Following this, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) were used to convert the physical models into real-time capable models suitable for HIL simulation. Finally, adaptive control systems are designed in order to maintain the motor at a constant velocity. The models are presented in a Simulink library and graphical user interface modelling tool for ease of use.
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Pettersson, Michael. "A study of efficient sensor I/O interface and signal acquisition techniques for electrical control units." Thesis, Linköping University, Electronic Devices, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54797.

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Agricultural vehicles use electronic control units (ECUs) as control system. HistoricallyECUs have only been equipped with a minimum of features. With therecent progress in electronics, which have made components faster, smaller andcheaper, the trend is now to integrate more advanced functionality into the ECUs.

Agricultural vehicles are present all over the world and they have to operateunder a wide variety of conditions. This put high requirements on the system andit is critical that a modern ECU can detect and locate errors. For an ECU to beable to operate on a world-wide market it is required to be flexible, expandableand robust. In addition to these requirements it is also wanted that an ECU havea long lifespan and a low cost.

In this thesis different problems that modern ECUs have to face are investigated.Suggestions of how to solve these problems are also presented. Thereare two focuses in the thesis, 1) how ECUs can acquire information from its inputs/outputs; and 2) the requirements of the ECU hardware.

This thesis does not aim to deliver a fully specified system description butrather to provide an overview of how an ECU can be designed and which problemsthat it has to face.

A selection of areas of ECU design which are investigated in this thesis are,1) typical inputs/outputs; 2) analog-to-digital converters and their application; 3)how multiplexers can be used; 4) requirements of general purpose inputs/outputs(GPIO); 5) monitoring of a controller area network (CAN); 6) power-supply requirementand monitoring; 7) monitoring of the vehicle’s battery; 8) memory; 9)requirement of the microcontroller (MCU);Agricultural vehicles use electronic control units (ECUs) as control system. HistoricallyECUs have only been equipped with a minimum of features. With therecent progress in electronics, which have made components faster, smaller andcheaper, the trend is now to integrate more advanced functionality into the ECUs.Agricultural vehicles are present all over the world and they have to operateunder a wide variety of conditions. This put high requirements on the system andit is critical that a modern ECU can detect and locate errors. For an ECU to beable to operate on a world-wide market it is required to be flexible, expandableand robust. In addition to these requirements it is also wanted that an ECU havea long lifespan and a low cost.In this thesis different problems that modern ECUs have to face are investigated.Suggestions of how to solve these problems are also presented. Thereare two focuses in the thesis, 1) how ECUs can acquire information from its inputs/outputs; and 2) the requirements of the ECU hardware.This thesis does not aim to deliver a fully specified system description butrather to provide an overview of how an ECU can be designed and which problemsthat it has to face.A selection of areas of ECU design which are investigated in this thesis are,1) typical inputs/outputs; 2) analog-to-digital converters and their application; 3)how multiplexers can be used; 4) requirements of general purpose inputs/outputs(GPIO); 5) monitoring of a controller area network (CAN); 6) power-supply requirementand monitoring; 7) monitoring of the vehicle’s battery; 8) memory; 9)requirement of the microcontroller (MCU);

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Amlinger, Hanna. "Application of a New Software Tool for the Automated Test of Automotive Electronic Control Unit Software." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-16785.

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Testing plays a very important role for assuring the quality of developed software. In a modern vehicle, more and more of the functionality is controlled by software and the complexity of the software always increases. The expectations on automating the testing process are to save time and to reach an even higher quality.

In this thesis, which was performed at ZF Friedrichshafen AG, a new tool for automated tests is studied. The tool is used for software in the loop simulation based system tests. The user specifies which outputs that shall be observed and which inputs that can be controlled. Based on these prerequisites, test cases are generated.

It has been studied how to apply the tool, how the test case generation can be influenced, on which systems it successfully could be used and which results that could be reached with the tool. The tool has been evaluated on the hand of two real-life examples; the software of an automatic transmission and of a pressure controller, a module of this software. It was found that there are many interesting possibilities to apply the tool in order to support the present testing process.

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Österberg, Martin. "Design av en användarvänlig Androidapplikation för trådlös kommunikation med Electronic Control Unit för bil eller testmiljö." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-127389.

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This is a study about software usability and information presen-tation in an Android application. The application is meant topresent the information coming being sent on the CAN buss ofa car or to listen to the messages being sent by just a few ECUconnected via a CAN buss. The study aims to evaluate the usabi-lity of the application based on an exploratory research method.The study was conducted using an iterative processes, where wefirst created a prototype. The prototype was then presented to anumber of users and they were asked to do a number of simpletasks within the application. We then used the feedback from thisexamination to improve the usability of the application. After thiswe did a second presentation of the application and compared itto the results to the results from the previous tests to see if wesucceeded in increasing the usability of the application.The first study tests showed that there were several weaknesses inthe application that we ourselves did not see. It showed that ourbackground was too prominent and that the text became hard toread, along with several other small things that we corrected. Wethen saw in our second tests that most parts of the applicationhad improved. There were still some parts of the application thatcould still use some development, and all people what differentthings in an application.
I vårt examensarbete så har vi gjort en undersökning på hur viska utforma en Android applikation för att få den att presenteradata på ett lätt och användarvänligt sätt. Applikationen är me-nad att presentera den data som skickas mellan ECU:erna i enbil eller testmiljö. Undersökningen som görs kommer testa hurpass användarvänlig, lättförståelig och tilltalande applikationenär, och utifrån det förbättra den.Under utvecklingen och undersökningen så använde vi oss av eniterativ process, med denna process så började vi att skapa enprototyp av applikationen. Denna prototyp användes sedan föratt utföra en användarutvärderingar där vi bad ett antal per-soner att testa applikationen, sedan fick de svara på ett antalfrågor angående applikationen. Data ifrån detta användes sedanför att uppdatera applikationens utseende och funktion. Efterdetta gjorde vi en till utvärdering där vi ställde samma frågorsom tidigare. Vi jämförde därefter de nya svaren med svaren frånden första utvärderingen för att se om vi lyckats förbättra appli-kationen.Den första studien visade att det fans flera svagheter i den ur-sprungliga applikationen. Till exempel så tog bakgrunden förmycket fokus och texten var svårläslig, det var utöver detta mångamindre detaljer som anmärktes på. Vi märkte efter vårt andratest att applikationen hade färre och mindre svagheter. Använ-darnas helhetsintryck av applikationen var bättre och mer posi-tivt.
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Alm, Therese. "Design av en användarvänlig Androidapplikation för trådlös kommunikation med Electronic Control Unit för bil eller testmiljö." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Interaktiva och kognitiva system, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119859.

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Det här examensarbetet har utförts inom programmet högskoleingenjör datateknik vid Linköpings Universitet under våren 2015 och utförts på begäran av ArcCore i Linköping. Syftet med det här examensarbetet är att skapa och designa en användarvänlig Androidapplikation som trådlöst kan kommunicera med electronic control units i bil eller testmiljö. Androidapplikationen består av fem huvudskärmar, fyra vars uppgift är att skriva ut informationen som åker över CAN bussen. De fem skärmarna är start, felkoder, sensorer, ECU extract och overview. Start tar dig vidare till de andra skärmarna, felkoder skriver ut alla felkoder, sensorer skriver ut alla sensorvärden, ECU extract skriver ut all information och overview visar en virtuell instrumentbräda. Användarutvärderingar har utförts för att ta fram både designen och layouten på applikationen. Utvecklingsprocessen för att få fram applikationen har genomförts med hjälp av utvecklingsmetoden extreme programming och utvärderingar har utförts med traditional usability tests och binary success. Utvärderingarnas feedback har använts för att utveckla både designen och användarvänligheten på applikationen. Androidapplikationen har utvecklats i Android Studio och kommunicerar med ECU:erna med hjälp av en PEAK PCAN wireless gateway som kopplats upp mot Hercules Development Kit TMS570 MCU. Resultatet är att vi tydligt kan se att användarvänligheten har ökat under utvecklingsprocessen och att vi nu med hjälp av utvärderingar har en snygg och lättanvändarvänlig Android applikation som kommer kunna användas av alla som vill ta del av informationen som finns på CAN bussen.
This thesis has been carried out within the program Bachelor of Computer Science and Engineering at Linköping University in the spring of 2015 performed at the request of ArcCore in Linköping. The aim is to create and design a user friendly Android application which wirelessly can communicate with the electronic control units in a car or test environment. The Android application consists of five main screens, four whose task is to print the information travelling on the CAN bus. The five screens are start, fault codes, sensors, ECU Extract and overview. Start will take you to the other screens. Fault codes, print all the fault codes, sensors prints all sensors, the ECU extract prints all information and overview displays a virtual dashboard. User Evaluations have been conducted to develop both the design and layout of the application. The development process is executed by using extreme programming and the evaluations have been carried out with the help of traditional usability tests and binary success. The evaluations feedback has been used to develop both the design and the user friendliness of the application. The application has been developed in the Android Studio and communicates with the ECUs using a PEAK PCAN Wireless Gateway which is connected to the Hercules Development Kit TMS570 MCU. The result is that we can clearly see that the ease of use has increased during the development process and that we now by using evaluations have a nice and easy user-friendly Android application that can be used by all who wants to get the information available on the CAN bus.
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André, Joel. "Modular Battery Management System interface to integrated Vehicle Control Unit : Creating a BMS playground using Arduino." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap och fysik (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78793.

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Development today has moved more towards battery technology, partly due to the increased demand of electric vehicles (EVs). The quest for a sustainable society is at an all-time high, with electrification of almost all devices only being the beginning. Due to the use of the fragile Lithium-Ion battery, a system that controls and monitors the battery must be implemented to ensure that it operates normally. A system like this is often referred to as a Battery Management System (BMS), in this case for Lithium-Ion batteries. The objective in this thesis is to construct a modular BMS playground for NEVS in Trollhättan to continue development on. The interface for the system will consist of Controller Area Network (CAN), a fast and robust communication protocol used in almost all personal vehicles today, and Isolated Serial Peripheral Interface (isoSPI), an isolated adaptation of one of the most common communication protocols used in sensors and microcontrollers so far. The BMS will be constructed of four individual subsystems using Arduino, each with a different purpose. These four subsystems are later merged into one BMS system to offer communication between CAN and isoSPI, thus supporting a future integration of this BMS to the Vehicle Control Unit of an EV. Moreover, since the BMS is going to be developed for a vehicle, modes for engaging the vehicle to drive and stop will be made. In order to provide some safety measures, automatic disconnection of the battery in case of an error will be added. The BMS with the previously mentioned features, also capable of doing voltage measurements with a safe connection/disconnection of the battery was then made. Features such as current and temperature monitoring were omitted due to time constraints and will in the future instead be done by NEVS along additional features. This thesis was conducted by Karlstad University and NEVS in Trollhättan, Sweden.
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Parida, Pritish Ranjan. "Optimization and Fabrication of Heat Exchangers for High-Density Power Control Unit Applications." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77165.

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The demand for more power and performance from electronic equipment has constantly been growing resulting in an increased amount of heat dissipation from these devices. Thermal management of high-density power control units for hybrid electric vehicles is one such application. Over the last few years, the performance of this power control unit has been improved and size has been reduced to attain higher efficiency and performance causing the heat dissipation as well as heat density to increase significantly. However, the overall cooling system has remained unchanged and only the heat exchanger corresponding to the power control unit (PCU) has been improved. This has allowed the manufacturing costs to go down. Efforts are constantly being made to reduce the PCU size even further and also to reduce manufacturing costs. As a consequence, heat density will go up (~ 200 – 250 W/cm2) and thus, a better high performance cooler/heat exchanger is required that can operate under the existing cooling system design and at the same time, maintain active devices temperature within optimum range (<120 – 125 °C) for higher reliability. The aim of this dissertation was to study the various cooling options based on jet impingement, mini-channel, ribbed mini-channel, phase change material and double sided cooling configurations for application in hybrid electric vehicle and other similar consumer products and perform parametric and optimization study on selected designs. Detailed experimental and computational analysis was performed on different cooling designs to evaluate overall performance. Severe constraints such as choice of coolant, coolant flow-rate, pressure drop, minimum geometrical size and operating temperature were required for the overall design. High performance jet impingement based cooler design with incorporated fin-like structures induced swirl and provided enhanced local heat transfer compared to traditional cooling designs. However, the cooling scheme could manage only 97.4% of the target effectiveness. Tapered/nozzle-shaped jets based designs showed promising results (~40% reduction in overall pressure drop) but were not sufficient to meet the overall operating temperature requirement. Various schemes of mini-channel arrangement, which were based on utilizing conduction and convection heat transfer in a conjugate mode, demonstrated improved performance over that of impingement cooling schemes. Impingement and mini-channel based designs were combined to show high heat transfer rates but at the expense of higher pressure drops (~5 times). As an alternate, mini-channel based coolers with ~1.5 mm size channels having trip strips or ribs were studied to accommodate the design constraints and to enhance local as well as overall heat transfer rates and achieve the target operating temperature. A step by step approach to the development of the heat exchanger is provided with an emphasis on system level design. The computational based optimization methodology is confirmed by a fabricated test bed to evaluate overall performance and compare the predicted results with actual performance. Additionally, one of the impingement based configuration (Swirl-Impingement-Fin) developed during the course of this work was applied to the internal cooling of a turbine blade trailing edge and was shown to enhance the thermal performance by at least a factor of 2 in comparison to the existing pin-fin technology for the conditions studied in this work.
Ph. D.
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Milligan, Ross. "Critical evaluation of the battery electric vehicle for sustainable mobility." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2017. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/978220.

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Can Battery Electric Vehicles replace conventional internal combustion engine vehicles for commuting purposes when exposed to a busy corporate activity within the city of Edinburgh? This thesis investigates the application of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) use in a commercial business environment in the city of Edinburgh, Scotland UK. The motivation behind this work is to determine if the Battery Electric Vehicle can replace conventional fossil fuel vehicles under real world drive cycles and the desire by many to combat the causes of climate change. Due to the nature of this work a significant part of the work will be underpinned by the quantitative methodology approach to the research. As the question indicates the research is supported by real live data coming from the vehicle both in proprietary data logging as well as reading and analysing the data coming from the vehicles own Electronic Control Unit (ECU).There will be mixed research methodology encompassing quantitative and qualitative research to obtain a complete response in respect to the management of the vehicle these methodologies will be the analysis of the measurable data as well as explorative, to gain the underlying reasons and motivations for choosing a battery electric vehicle as an option to the conventional vehicle for this type of application use.
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Slíž, Martin. "Diagnostika moderních řídících jednotek motorů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-374594.

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The topic of this thesis is the design and implementation of an interface for communication with modern electronic control units of EDC group. The work is devoted to an introduction to the world of automotive diagnostics, analysis of communication protocols and rules for transmitting messages. The greater part is devoted to the analysis of the CAN bus belonging protocols. The outcome of this work is the design and implementation of a communication device for diagnostics of electronic control units of EDC group.
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Kolomazník, Vojtěch. "Vývoj a implementace testovací jednotky pro malosériovou výrobu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-254444.

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The goal of the master´s thesis is to design testing unit for small batch production. The background research part introduces testing principles, we are also discussed different ways of realization of testing connectors and choice of control unit. The work also describes the design of the hardware wiring and mechanical design. The result of this thesis is a device implemented according to the proposal described in the work. No significant fault was found during operation of testing unit, which verified its reliability and full functionality. The work also includes a description of the software implementation in Python.
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Vychopeň, David. "Stanovení parametrů matematického modelu řídicí jednotky spalovacího motoru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231768.

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Master’s thesis is focused on creating a suitable methodology for determining the parameters of the electronic control unit of the engine. Discusses how the measurement of input data into the methodology, the basic description of its functions and display the resulting values. It includes evaluation of applicability of the methodologies and the real parameters when compared with the parameters established on the basis of established methodology.
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Procházka, Miroslav. "Bezdrátový sběr dat z řídících jednotek automobilů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219987.

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This thesis deals with implementation of a wireless interface for a module providing communication between computer and electronic control unit of an automobile. The 802.11 standard, wireless network structures and MAC sublayer were described. The thesis suggests selection of the most suitable WLAN module, testing of module's features used and the WLAN module implementation. Modifications for the next device version were developed and programs for device operation were implemented.
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Dalecký, Filip. "Návrh testovacího pracoviště pro automatizované testování elektronické řídicí jednotky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232004.

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This master’s thesis deals with the design and implementation of part of test environment for automatic testing of electronic control unit in the production. The electronic control unit is manufactured by UNIS, a.s. and is used as a control and power electronics for the hydraulic unit. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the development and automatic testing of electronics in the field of aerospace engineering. The practical part describes the proposed automatic test environment and implementation of testing software using hardware and software products by National Instruments. The main platforms used for software development are LabVIEW and TestStand. Created test environment is finally verified by testing several control units.
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Farba, Marek. "Řízení závlahového systému." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376931.

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This thesis deals with controlling the irrigation system. In the introduction there is a theoretical analysis of the irrigation units, the designed system and the programs used. The core of the paper is a description of the software development and visualization software developed. Subsequently, the process of designing printed circuit boards is described. The conclusion of the work is to verify the functionality of the irrigation system and the summary of the results achieved.
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Holeš, Cyril. "Diagnostika pohonných jednotek." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-254334.

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The thesis is focused on determining the methodology of engine diagnostics for vehicles with common rail direct fuel injection. The first section describes the communication between the diagnostic tools and control units, and the common rail system for diesel engines. The next section specifies the procedure for the acquisition, processing and analysis of data using selective diagnostic tools along with software in a numerical computing environment. Subsequently, from the results, the equivalent electronic control of the fuel injection quantity is established for the purpose of research, vehicle servicing. The results may also allow for additional observations to be made.
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Wernersson, Johan. "Automatiserad elektrisk testning av styrenheter : Styrenheter med verkliga laster i befintliga testriggar." Thesis, KTH, Data- och elektroteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-208962.

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I detta examensarbete utreddes huruvida elektriska tester av styrenheter för tunga fordon kan automatiseras på befintliga testmiljöer. Arbetet utfördes på uppdrag av Scania CV AB för arbetsgruppen Electronic Hardware som utför tester vid utveckling och verifiering av krav på styrenheter. Genom en automatiserad testprocess kan testarbetet effektiviseras och kvaliteten höjas. Testarbetet sker på testriggar som innehåller fullskalig hårdvara från lastbilar för att kunna emulera styrenhetens autentiska arbetsmiljö. För att komma fram till ett testsystem som kunde leva upp till de krav och behov som formulerats inom kravprocessen i arbetet användes utvecklingsmodeller. Utvärderingsmatriser användes för att välja den mjuk- och hårdvara som skulle vara mest lämplig för det automatiserade testsystemet utifrån kraven. Resultatet visade att testsystemet skulle bestå av en testprogramvara som körs på en vanlig persondator och ett inbyggt system med elektroniska komponenter för att kunna utföra de elektriska testerna. För att demonstrera testsystemets möjligheter i ett helhetstest konstruerades en prototyp som har funktionalitet att utföra ett testfall som kan dra stor nytta av att automatiseras, nämligen att testa omslagsnivåer för en digital ingång. Prototypen baserades på ett mikrokontrollerkort från Arduino och ett kretskort konstruerades till detta för att kunna utföra elektriska tester med högre spänningsnivåer som krävs för styrenheter på Scaniafordon. För att utforma testfall och hantera testprocessen valdes LabVIEW, en programvara där tester designas med ett grafiskt programmeringsspråk. Testresultaten för prototyptestsystemet visade att verifieringen av kraven för omslagsnivåer förenklas radikalt vid ett automatiserat förfarande, eftersom testtiden kunde minskas drastiskt, i synnerhet vid ett repetitivt förfarande.
This thesis work intends to study the possibilities to automate electrical testing of electronic control units in an existing test environment. The work was executed on behalf of Scania CV AB for the department Electronic Hardware, who run tests in development and verification of requirements for electronic control units. By using an automated testing system, the testing process could be made more effective and raise the quality. The testing work is done on test rigs which are equipped with full-scale hardware from real trucks to emulate the working environment the electronic control unit operates into. Development models were used to be able to create a testing system which could meet the requirements that were defined during the requirement engineering process. Evaluation matrices were used to choose the soft- and hardware that could be considered the most appropriate for the automated testing system according to the requirements. The result shown that the testing system should consist of a testing software that runs on an ordinary computer and an embedded system equipped with electronic components to enable the testing system for electrical tests. To demonstrate the possibilities of the whole testing system a prototype was manufactured which was designed to execute a test case that could greatly benefit from the advantages that comes with automation. It was a test case set out to measure voltage levels when switching in a digital input. The prototype was based on a microcontroller card from Arduino and was joined by a printed circuit board to be able to run electrical tests with the higher voltage levels that were demanded by electronic control units. To design test cases and manage the test process, LabVIEW was chosen, a software in which tests are designed in a graphical programming language. Test results for the prototype test system showed that verification of the requirements for voltage levels when switching was radically simplified by an automated procedure, as the test time could be drastically reduced, particularly in a repetitive procedure.
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Ramstedt, Magnus. "Cylinder-by-Cylinder Diesel Engine Modelling : A Torque-based Approach." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2556.

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Continuously throughout the process of developing Engine Control Units (ECU), the ECU and its control functions need to be dimensioned and tested for the engine itself. Since interaction between an ECU and a physical engine is both expensive and inflexible, software models of the engine are often used instead. One such test system, where an ECU interacts with software models, is called Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL). This thesis describes a model constructed to facilitate implementation on a HiL testbed.

The model, derived in Matlab/Simulink, is a Cylinder-by-Cylinder Engine Model (CCEM) reconstructing the angle synchronous torque of a diesel engine. To validate the model, it has been parameterised for the DaimlerChrysler engine OM646, a straight turbocharged four cylinder diesel engine, and tested towards measured data from a Mercedes-Benz C220 test vehicle. Due to hardware related problems, validation could only be performed for low engine speeds where the model shows good results. Future work around this theme ought to include further validation of the model as well as implementation on HiL.

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Pietzsch, Albrecht. "Entwicklung und Abstimmung eines Momentenmodells für eine Otto-DI-Motorsteuerung." Master's thesis, Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:520-qucosa-231466.

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Die Zulieferindustrie im Automobilbereich sieht sich heutzutage hochkomplexen Systemen bei der Entwicklung von Verbrennungsmotoren gegenüber. Applikationssteuergeräte mit passendem Datenstand werden selten von Fahrzeugherstellern an Dritte für die Entwicklung am Verbrennungsmotor bereitgestellt. Eine Alternative bieten Prototypensteuergeräte mit individuellen Softwarepaketen, die in ihrer Funktionalität auf die Bedürfnisse der Entwicklungsingenieure zugeschnitten sind. Die FlexECU von ETAS ist ein gutes Beispiel für solch ein offenes, kostengünstiges und seriennahes Prototypensteuergerät. Hauptbestandteil dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklung und Integration eines Momentemodells in eine vorhandene Motorsteuerungssoftware sowie die Applikation dieses Modells am Motorprüfstand. Die Motivation für die Erweiterung der jetzigen Motorsteuerungssoftware um das Momentemodell ist, den Entwicklungsingenieuren ein möglichst seriennahes Steuergeräteumfeld bei der Erarbeitung innovativer verbrauchs- und schadstoffoptimierter Konzepte für den Verbrennungsmotor bereitzustellen. Bei der Evaluation wird gezeigt, dass die Integration und die Funktion des Momentenmodells grundsätzlich gelungen ist. Diese Arbeit bildet den Grundstein für eine umfangreiche Entwicklung, die noch einige Zeit in Anspruch nehmen wird, bis eine voll umfängliche abgesicherte Software geschaffen ist
Nowadays, the automotive supplier industry is confronted with highly complex systems for the development of internal combustion engines. Vehicle manufacturers very rarely provide third party developers with their engine control units with calibration access and matching description and data files for internal combustion engines. An alternative are prototype control units with individual software packages, which in their functionality are adapted to the needs of development engineers. One example for such an open, cost-effective and field-proven control system development platform is FlexECU from ETAS. The essential part of this thesis is the development and integration of a torque-based system structure for an existing engine management system and the calibration of this model on an engine test bench. The motivation for this improvement is to provide development engineers with a control unit environment as close to serial as possible for the development of consumption- and emission-optimized concepts for internal combustion engines. The evaluation shows that integration as well as functionality of the torque-based system structure has generally been achieved. This thesis lays the foundations for an extensive development of this system – although the creation of a fully verified and validated software will still take some time
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35

Dahlborg, Elin. "Grid frequency stability from a hydropower perspective." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444453.

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Many AC grids suffer from decreased frequency stability due to less system inertia. This has increased the risk of large-scale blackouts. This thesis and its papers address the frequency stability problem from a hydropower perspective. Grid frequency stability assessments often require accurate system inertia estimates. One approach is to estimate the inertia of all individual power plants and sum up the results. We implemented three inertia estimation methods on a Kaplan unit and compared their results. The generator contributed with 92-96% of the unit inertia, which verified the results from previous studies. However, the three methods estimated slightly different values for the unit inertia, which raises the question of when to use which method. Hydropower often deliver frequency control, yet we found no studies which validate Kaplan turbine models for large grid frequency disturbances on strong grids. Therefore, we performed frequency control tests on a Kaplan unit, implemented three hydropower models, and compared the simulation results to the measurement data. The models overestimated the change in output power and energy delivered within the first few seconds after a large change in frequency. Thus, it is important to have sufficient stability margin when using these types of hydropower models to assess the grid frequency stability. The Nordic transmission system operators are updating their frequency control requirements. We used measurement data and simulation models to assess whether improved runner blade angle control could help a Kaplan unit fulfill the coming requirements. The results showed that improved runner control does not improve the performance sufficiently for requirements fulfillment. The requirements are based on an assumption on minimum system inertia and became easier to fulfill if they were implemented with more system inertia. Thus, more inertia could allow more participants to deliver frequency control in the Nordic grid.
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Švábenský, Petr. "Využití dat z řídicích jednotek vozidel při analýze silničních nehod." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232733.

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Abstract Master thesis is focused on The Application of Data from Vehicle Electronic Control Units in the Analysis of Road Accidents. The theoretical part deals with the electronic systems of vehicles and their control units, diagnostic processes, retrieving accident data from the controls unit and the need for these data in the analysis of road accidents. The experimental part focuses on obtaining data for crashed vehicles, interpretation of such data and assessment of their usefulness for analyzing road accidents. It also focuses on the procedures and methods on how to retreive accident data.
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37

Pereira, Bruno César Fernandes. "Evolução de uma unidade de gerenciamento eletrônico de um motor VW 2.0L e desenvolvimento de controle de cruzeiro: Projeto Otto IV." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-10112017-111401/.

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Com o passar do tempo, nota-se um aumento gradativo da demanda por veículos mais econômicos e que disponham de itens capazes de aumentar o conforto e a segurança. Citase, como exemplo, o controle de cruzeiro (Cruise Control) que, atualmente presente em diversos veículos, é responsável por controlar a velocidade do veículo de maneira autônoma, sem a necessidade de intervenção do condutor no pedal de aceleração, resultando em um aumento de conforto ao reduzir o esforço para dirigir, além de prover efetividade para manter a velocidade do veículo em torno de um valor desejado. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um controlador de cruzeiro para operar em um veículo modelo Volkswagen Polo Sedan 2.0L 2004, o qual não possui este recurso em seu estado de fábrica. Para a implementação deste recurso, o trabalho faz uso de uma unidade de gerenciamento eletrônico (conhecida também por Electronic Control Unit - ECU) desenvolvida em 2013, no âmbito do projeto Otto II (PEREIRA, 2013), para controle do motor presente no respectivo veículo, viabilizando, desta forma, a validação do controle de cruzeiro por meio de testes utilizando o veículo em um dinamômetro inercial. Entretanto, previamente ao projeto do controlador de cruzeiro, o presente trabalho teve como foco o aperfeiçoamento do funcionamento desta ECU, visando a sua evolução no que diz respeito ao estado da arte de unidades de gerenciamento eletrônico de motores. Para isto, em sua primeira fase, o trabalho realizou diversas melhorias nas malhas de controle já existentes no firmware de 2013, tais como controle de marcha lenta, controle da borboleta eletrônica e controle de partida. Ao mesmo tempo, novos recursos foram implementados em firmware: controle de torque, controle da mistura ar/combustível em malha fechada (sonda lambda), segurança na comunicação entre blocos da ECU, identificação de marcha, suporte para diagnóstico via OBD-II, dentre outros. Além destas atividades envolvendo desenvolvimento de firmware, o trabalho, ainda em sua primeira fase, promoveu o desenvolvimento de uma nova ferramenta de software que, além de ser capaz de monitorar diversos parâmetros da ECU em tempo real, integra diversas funções, tais como função de computador de bordo alternativo, opção para controle do motor através da simulação do pedal de aceleração, opção para alteração da rotação de marcha lenta e função para automatização do ensaio de identificação do veículo (tarefa necessária para o projeto do controlador de cruzeiro).
Over time, there is a gradual increase of the demand for economical vehicles equipped with items capable of increasing the comfort and safety. As an example, the Cruise Control, which is already available in several vehicles, is responsible to control the vehicle speed in an autonomous manner, without the driver intervention on the throttle pedal. As a result, a greater comfort is achieved by reducing the effort to drive, besides providing effectiveness to keep the vehicle speed around a desired value. In this context, this project aims the development of a Cruise Control applied to a vehicle Volkswagen Polo Sedan 2.0L 2004, in which such resource is not available. To implement this resource, the project uses an electronic engine management unit (also known as Electronic Control Unit - ECU) developed in 2013 by the Otto II project (PEREIRA, 2013). This ECU is responsible to control the engine of the respective vehicle, which allows the Cruise Control validation through a set of tests performed with the vehicle on an inertial dynamometer. However, prior to the Cruise Control design, this project focused on the ECU operation enhancement, in order to achieve the state of the art in electronic engine management units. For this goal, the project, during its first phase, performed several improvements on the control algorithms already existing in the firmware developed in 2013, such as idle speed control, electronic throttle valve control and engine starting control. At the same time, new features were fully implemented in firmware: torque control, closed loop air/fuel ratio control (lambda control), safety for the communication among ECU blocks, gear identification, support to OBD-II diagnostic, among others. In addition to the firmware development activities, the project, still in its first phase, developed a new software tool capable of monitoring several ECU parameters in real time, besides providing many functions, such as alternative board computer, an option to control the engine by simulating the throttle pedal, an option to change the idle speed and a function to automate the system identification test (task required for the Cruise Control design).
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38

Andersson, Gustav. "Translation of CAN Bus XML Messages to C Source Code." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96424.

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The concept of translating source code into other target programming languages is extensively used in a wide area of applications. Danfoss Power Solutions AB, a company located in Älmhult, strives to streamline their way of software development for microcontrollers by implementing this idea. Their proprietary software tool PLUS+1 GUIDE is based on the CAN bus communication network, which allows electronic control units to share data represented in the XML format. Due to compatibility problems, the application in the electronic control units requires this data to be translated into the source code in the low-level C programming language. This thesis project proposes an approach for facilitating this task by implementing a source-to-source compiler that performs the translation with a reduced level of manual user involvement. A literature review was conducted in order to find the existing solutions relevant to our project task. An analysis of the provided XML input files was thereafter performed to clarify a software design suitable for the problem. By using a general XML parser, a solution was then constructed. The implementation resulted in a fully functional source-to-source compiler, producing the generated C code within a time range of 73–85 milliseconds for the input test files of typical size. The feedback received from the domain experts at Danfoss confirms the usability of the proposed solution.
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39

Vandi, Damiano. "ADAS Value Optimization for Rear Park Assist: Improvement and Assessment of Sensor Fusion Strategy." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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The project for this thesis consists in an ADAS Value Optimization activity conducted during an internship in Maserati S.p.A. with the objective of removing the ultrasonic sensors used for the Rear Park Assist (RPA) ADAS feature, obtaining the same functionality and performance in the detection and signaling of obstacles behind the car through a new system based on a sensor fusion strategy between Rear View Camera (RVC) and Blind Spot Radars (BSD). To achieve this goal, a study of the current RPA feature has been conducted, and starting from a previous implementation of the sensor fusion strategy for the new system, multiple updates and improvements have been implemented in order to achieve the functionality and performance required. Both hardware and software components of the system were updated and redesigned in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, and the final system obtained was tested through a standard validation procedure in a virtual simulation environment, obtaining encouraging results compatible with the RPA requirements and demonstrating the technical and economic feasibility of the developed RPA system based on a sensor fusion strategy between RVC and BSD which, after additional tests on the actual vehicle, could go into production.
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40

Wazir, Omerjan, and Ioannis Frantsalis. "Prestandautvärdering av Bluetooth och Wi-Fi för en smart hubb." Thesis, KTH, Data- och elektroteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-208935.

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Examensarbetet har utförts på uppdrag av företaget Seavus som såg ett behov avatt minska kabelanvändning i kontoret. Enhetsanvändning kan effektiviseras medhjälp av en central styrenhet, en så kallad smart hubb.Ett problem är att välja mellan Bluetooth och Wi-Fi för kommunikation mellan an-vändaren och den smarta hubben. Valet kan bero på flera faktorer som exempelvis,bandbredd (datahastighet), jitter (fördröjningsvariation) och paketförluster, vilkaär viktiga parametrar för att bedöma kvaliteten på kommunikationen.Plattformen Raspberry Pi tillsammans med kompatibel programvara användes föratt utföra prestandatester mellan Bluetooth och Wi-Fi i olika miljöer.Resultatet visade att Wi-Fi lämpar sig bäst för kommunikation med hög datahas-tighet och lågt jitter men där relativt hög grad av paketförlust är acceptabelt. Blue-tooth lämpar sig bäst för kommunikation med låg datahastighet, med högt jitteroch där det är viktigt att ha så låg paketförlust som möjligt.
This thesis has been carried out on behalf of the consulting company Seavus to re-duce cable usage in their office. Smart hubs (i.e. a central control unit) are made tomake usage of devices more effective.One problem is to decide between Bluetooth and Wi-Fi for communication betweenthe user and the smart hub. The choice may depend upon several factors such asbandwidth (throughput), jitter (variation in delay) and packet loss, which are im-portant parameters for assessing the quality of the communication channel.The HW-platform Raspberry Pi and compatible software was used as a measure-ment tool to test Bluetooth and Wi-Fi in different environments.The result showed that Wi-Fi is best suited for communication systems that requirehigh bandwidth and low jitter, and where high amount of packet loss is tolerable.Bluetooth is best suited for communication systems where low bandwidth and highjitter is tolerable, and minimal packet losses preferred.
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41

Andung, Muntaha Muhamad. "Non-intrusive Logging and Monitoring System of a Parameterized Hardware-in-the-loop Real-Time Simulator." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254655.

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Electronic Control Unit (ECU) is a crucial component in today’s vehicle. In a complete vehicle, there are many ECUs installed. Each of these controls a single function of the vehicle. During the development cycle of an ECU, its functionality needs to be validated against the requirement specification. The Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) method is commonly used to do this by testing the ECU in a virtual representation of its controlled system. One crucial part of the HIL testing method is an intermediary component that acts as a bridge between the simulation computer and the ECU under test. This component runs a parameterized real-time system that translates messages from the simulation computer to the ECU under test and vice versa. It has a strict real-time requirement for each of its tasks to complete.A logging and monitoring system is needed to ensure that the intermediary component is functioning correctly. This functionality is implemented in the form of low priority additional tasks that run concurrently with the high priority message translation tasks. The implementation of these tasks, alongside with a distributed system to support the logging and monitoring functionality, is presented in this thesis work.Several execution time measurements are carried out to get the information on how the parameters of a task affect its execution time. Then, the linear regression analysis is used to model the execution time estimation of the parameterized tasks. Finally, the time demand analysis is utilized to provide a guarantee that the system is schedulable.
Elektronisk styrenhet (ECU) är en viktig del i dagens fordon. I ett komplett fordon finns det många ECU installerade. Var och en av dessa kontrollerar en enda funktion hos fordonet. Under en utvecklingscykel för en ecu måste dess funktionalitet valideras mot kravspecifikationen. HIL-metoden (Hardware-in-the-loop) används vanligtvis för att göra detta genom att testa ECU i en virtuell representation av sitt styrda system. En viktig del av HIL-testmetoden är en mellanliggande komponent som fungerar som en bro mellan simuleringsdatorn och den ecu som testas. Denna komponent driver ett parametrerat realtidssystem som översätter meddelanden från simuleringsdatorn till ECU som testas och vice versa. Det har en strikt realtidskrav för att alla uppgifter ska kunna slutföras.Ett loggnings och övervakningssystem behövs för att den mellanliggande komponenten ska fungera korrekt. Denna funktionalitet är implementerad i form av extraordinära uppgifter med låg prioritet som körs samtidigt med de högsta prioritetsuppgifterna för översättningstjänster. Genomförandet av dessa uppgifter, tillsammans med ett distribuerat system för att stödja loggnings och övervakningsfunktionaliteten, presenteras i detta avhandlingararbete.Flera utförandetidsmätningar utförs för att få information om hur parametrarna för en uppgift påverkar dess körtid. Därefter används den linjära regressionsanalysen för att modellera exekveringstidestimeringen av de parametrerade uppgifterna. Slutligen används tidsanalysanalysen för att garantera att systemet är schemaläggbart.
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42

黃得裕. "Design and Implementation of Electronic Control Unit（ECU） For Engine In Automobile." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41498555244698612553.

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43

Lee, Hsin-Chen, and 李昕宸. "Development of Main Control Unit for Electronic Monitoring System with Satellite." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e9fdum.

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碩士
國立屏東科技大學
生物機電工程系所
106
The Food and Agriculture Organization, United Nations, adopted the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries in 1995 to protect the sustainability on ocean resources. The code requests each country to develop its national action plan to prevent, to deter, and to eliminate illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing. Regional Fisheries Management Organizations also work on limited fisheries efforts and catch quotas to promote management. European Commission put Taiwan in pre-identification list as a non-cooperative country in combating IUU fishing from October 2015, which indicates Taiwan’s monitoring system for vessels is unable to meet international requirements. In this research, a new electronic monitoring system (EMS) was developed. The EMS consisted of image processing unit, intelligent sensors, automatic fish identification function and satellite. The main control unit encoded fishery data of catch information and system status of the EMS. The main control unit also could send these fishery data via satellite E-mail from vessel to land center. The main control unit has been tested in two fishing boats and results proved it worked successfully.
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44

Huang, Chun-Hao, and 黃俊豪. "Design of Memory Interface Access of Electronic Control Unit for Automobile Engine." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17450492590846108414.

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碩士
國立交通大學
電機與控制工程系所
96
In this thesis, we develop a memory interface access of Electronic Control Unit (ECU) for the engine of automobile. With this interface system, we can read and modify the content of fuel injection curve table, ignition curve table, and other curve table in ECU. This system use USB protocol to communicate between PC and ECU. We choose the USB controller C8051F320, produced by Silicon Lab, as our device of the interface system. In the design method of USB transfer, by considering the higher transfer speed and the convenient of installation, we implement the device of memory interface of ECU with the USB Class of Abstract Control Model which is the subclass of Communication Device Class (CDC). By implement with this USB class, the user would not have to install the complex driver program and the device would not have to powered by external power. The structure of the thesis is divided into 3 parts: hardware, firmware, and software. In hardware part, we use C8051F320 as USB controller and BDM interface circuit to access to ECU. the firmware of USB controller is edited by Keil C Complier .In software part, we write an Device Information File to install the driver of device and use Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 to develop the program of windows interface.
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45

Melo, Samuel Ferreira. "Gas Water Heater Electronic Control Unit with Integrated Electro-chemical CO Sensor." Dissertação, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/88018.

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Melo, Samuel Ferreira. "Gas Water Heater Electronic Control Unit with Integrated Electro-chemical CO Sensor." Master's thesis, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/88018.

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47

Ke, Jia-Hau, and 柯家豪. "The Integration of Cross-Industrial Product Interface: ACase Study of Car Electronic Control Unit." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17943292516678145909.

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碩士
真理大學
管理科學研究所
97
In opposition to the micro profit situation of electronic information industry intense competition, the car electronic industry combined the advantage of electronic information with car product components to make it more intelligent in information function. Furthermore, the combination extend a new business of application field in the electronic information industry. In the cross-industry product integration process, the problems of individual product components interface may influence the quality and usefulness of the whole electronic components product. Besides, in the process of interface integration, it may occur the conflicts between the two diffirent industrial products and increase the difficulties of integration. The integration connected to the safety and application of car electronic products. The key point of cross-industry integration is how to avoid conflicts and make product interface integration effectively. This study takes the car electronic control unit for example. The main purpose of this study is to discuss the probable problems of cross-industry product interface integration. We use the KT method to do the substantial evidence analysis for cross-industry product interface integration problems. Furthermore, we combined the results of Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) and expert’s questionnaire to construct the solution oriented of cross-industry product interface integration problems.
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48

Lin, Bing-Huang, and 林炳煌. "Design of a CAN BUS Interface Access of Electronic Control Unit for Automobile Engine." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82m5gb.

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碩士
國立虎尾科技大學
機械與機電工程研究所
99
The purpose of this thesis is developing an easier and faster method to access the interface system of the vehicle engine controller’s EMS memory. By using CAN bus system on the vehicle as the interface to read or write software each kind of graph, it can rapidly correct every graph curve line, such as distributive value graph, ignition time graph, and the other graphs. This system uses CAN bus as the transmission to EMS. USB CAN controller, produced by LAWICEL AB from Sweden, is chosen to use in this interface system. To those using MC68332 kind of MCU system, which do not have ISP (In System Program) function, the ISP design must have some basic condition. This thesis provides methods to satisfy it. This thesis is classified into three parts: hardware, firmware, and software. Hardware is about the usage of USB to CAN interface. Firmware is written by VB complier. The software part is using C language complier to develop the program for interface windows, and a device information file providing a driver, which is able to successfully and safely complete writing and loading, for the operating system.
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49

Liu, Chia-Lin, and 劉佳琳. "Over-the-Air(OTA) Firmware Update Protocol for Electronic Control Unit in Intra-vehicular Networks." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6f7wga.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
資訊管理系
105
In traditional vehicle industry, all the components of vehicle were produced by a single manufacturer. Nowadays, vehicles are manufactured by various original equipment manufacturer (OEM) that rely on their expertise. Furthermore, manufactures start to combine traditional automobiles and computer technology. The kernel of this is electronic control unit (ECU). Lots of ECUs installed in vehicle that will construct intra-vehicular network. In detail, they can control car system and provide many service. For example, collision avoidance system and automatic driving system are both control by ECUs through the data. What’s more, they can exchange data across different networks with a central controller, gateway. Gateway can transfer and filter data that make semi-open intra-vehicular network. However, it also gives the attacker a chance to control ECUs which may make driver and passengers in danger. In order to fix flaws and add new service, ECUs need to update firmware from time to time. In our research, we design safer and more effective protocol for OEM to realize updating ECU firmware via Internet. According to different scenarios, we provide two protocols for user to choose. We use digital signature, hash message authentication code and elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman key exchange to achieve authentication and firmware integrity. In the end, we will analyze the protocol’s performance and verify our protocol has ability to keep off malicious attack.
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50

Carrese, Gino. "Experimental and analytical investigation on the design of a new electronic fuel control unit for small gas turbine engines." Thesis, 1989. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/3212/1/ML51388.pdf.

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