Relevant bibliographies by topics / Electronic distance measuring instruments

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Electronic distance measuring instruments'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Electronic distance measuring instruments"

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Downing, B. J. "Improved instrumental accuracy for microwave electronic distance-measuring instruments." Electronics Letters 22, no. 6 (1986): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19860210.

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Gillis, D., and L. Nabe. "Calibration baselines in canada." CISM journal 42, no. 3 (1988): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/geomat-1988-0020.

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The establishing, measuring and monitoring of Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM) cali¬bration baselines in Canada is a joint program of the Geodetic Survey of Canada and provincial, territorial and municipal surveying agencies. Since its establishment in 1971, the 2.3 km National Geodetic Baseline (NGBL) in Ottawa has been used as the reference baseline for other calibration baselines; two precise EDM instruments, the Mekometer ME3000 and the Geomensor CR204, have been used to transfer the length standard of the NGBL to baselines across Cana¬da. Thirty-six calibration baselines, established as part of the National Baseline Program, now exist. The Geodetic Survey strives to maintain the published values of interpier distances at the highest accuracy possible. To this end, extensive remeasurements are being planned. For longer distances which may be required to calibrate or check GPS instruments, a calibration network with lines up to 222 km is being established.
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Šiaudinytė, Lauryna, Mindaugas Rybokas та Vytautas Giniotis. "ANALYSIS OF ANGLE MEASUREMENTS AND A NEW APPROACH TO VERTICAL ANGLE CALIBATION / VERTIKALIŲJŲ KAMPŲ KALIBRAVIMO ANALIZĖ IR NAUJI KALIBRAVIMOBŪDAI / AНAЛИЗ УГЛOВЫХ ИЗМЕРЕНИЙ И НОВЫE МEТOДЫ КАЛИБРИРOВАНИЯ". Geodesy and Cartography 37, № 4 (2012): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921541.2011.645333.

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Testing and calibrating geodetic instruments is an important metrological procedure for precise instrumentation used in industry and geodesy. Electronic geodetic measuring instruments consist, among other elements, of circular scales and angular encoders for angle determination in two perpendicular horizontal and vertical planes. The accuracy of the instrument mostly depends on the accuracy of angle standards used for angle calibration in the horizontal plane. Although many methods are developed for angle calibration, the majority of those are not available for calibrating angles in the vertical plane. The method described in the International Standards of vertical angle calibration validates field testing geodetic instruments by taking precise angle readings between the calibrated points placed at long distance and height. Difficulties in creating such calibration basis and inconveniencies in proceeding with this field at long distances may appear. Also, the traceability of length and angle measurements is not ensured. The new method of calibrating the angles in the vertical plane for geodetic instruments was developed. The article describes the principle of indoor testing and the calibration of the vertical angle measuring system. Santrauka Daugelyje optinių elektroninių matavimo prietaisų yra įmontuotos apskritiminės skalės, skirtos kampinei padėčiai dviejose statmenose plokštumose – horizontaliojoje bei vertikaliojoje nustatyti. Prietaiso tikslumas daugiausia priklauso nuo sių skalių tikslumo. Rastrinių skalių metrologija yra gana specifinė sritis, būtina tam tikra metodika ir kalibravimo įranga. Trumpai apžvelgus pateikiami kai kurie būdai ir priemonės, taikytini kampų metrologijai, ypač vertikaliam plokščiajam kampui kalibruoti. Резюме Многие оптико-электронные измерительные инструменты состоят из круговых шкал для определения углов в двух перпендикулярных плоскостях – горизонтальной и вертикальной. Точность инструмента в основном зависит от точности этих угломерных шкал. Метрология угловых растровыx шкал довольно специфична и требует специфических мeтодов и приспособлений для калибрирования. В статье приводится обзор и некоторые простые способы и приспособления, которые можно использовать в метрологии углов, в частности, в калибрировании вертикального плоского угла.
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Li, Zhong Wei, Chao Ma, Chun Li Liu, Cong Jun Wang, Kai Zhong, and Yu Sheng Shi. "PMP-Based Micro-3D Dental Measuring Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 192 (July 2012): 310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.192.310.

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Based on the structured light measurement principle, digital fringes projection technology and phase-shifting measuring technology, specific to the 3D profile of some tiny objects like teeth, in this paper we proposes a 3D scanning system which was directly used for intraoral dental measurement utilizing the merits of flexible and long distance signal transmission of the fiber image bundle. The structured light is projected out from DLP LightCommander produced by Texas Instruments Company, shrunk via telecentric imaging lens, conveyed in fiber image bundle. Utilizing the transformational relation between single-camera and projector, afterwards, the 3D profile of teeth is obtained by reconstructing the acquisition images in electronic endoscope. The feasibility of this system has been testified in our experiments. It satisfies the requirements of miniaturization, directness and flexibility; expands the scope of application of micro-3D measurement with structured light in dental clinical practice.
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S., Bektas, Karaahmetoğlu, Yıldırm, Uyar, Yıldırım, and Pakel. "THREE POINT RESECTION IN 3D WITH DISTANCES." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 2 (2018): 292–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i2.2018.1575.

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In this study, we will consider Three Point Resection in 3D with Distances. This problem is also called Space Resection. The problem of determining the position continues to be the most important problem of geodesy. With the development of measuring instruments and techniques, the widespread use of electronic distance meters, the precise and rapid computation possibilities provided by artificial ground satellites and computers, the segmented approach in the positioning problem (separate calculation of horizontal and vertical coordinates) has left the place as an integrated approach, three dimensional coordinates have begun to be calculated together. The problem of position determination is done either in the form of basic homework or (usually) predictions. It is also possible to calculate the three-dimensional coordinates of the points by the proposed resection method.
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Pillarz, Marc, Axel von Freyberg, and Andreas Fischer. "Gear Shape Parameter Measurement Using a Model-Based Scanning Multi-Distance Measurement Approach." Sensors 20, no. 14 (2020): 3910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20143910.

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To reduce wind turbine failures by defective drive trains, deviations in the geometry of large gears (diameter ≳ 1 m) must be extensively determined with single-digit micrometer uncertainties. Fixed measuring volumes limit standard measuring methods like coordinate and gear measuring instruments for large gear measurements. Therefore, a model-based scanning multi-distance measurement approach for gear shape parameters is presented. The measurement approach has a scalable design and consists of a confocal-chromatic sensor, rotary table as a scanning unit and model-based signal processing. A preliminary study on a midsize spur gear demonstrates the general feasibility of the model-based scanning multi-distance measurement approach. As a result, the mean base circle radius as the fundamental gear shape parameter is determined with an uncertainty of <5 μm. The calibration and adjustment of the sensor arrangement were performed with a known calibration gear. Scalability is not experimentally validated in this article. However, simulations verify the scalability of the measurement approach in a first step. For gears with 1 m in diameter and varying tooth flank geometries, the estimated achievable uncertainty of the mean base circle radius is still <5 μm. Therefore, the model-based scanning multi-distance measurement approach is a promising alternative for gear inspection.
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Wolak, Artur, Grzegorz Zając, and Tomasz Słowik. "Measuring Kinematic Viscosity of Engine Oils: A Comparison of Data Obtained from Four Different Devices." Sensors 21, no. 7 (2021): 2530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072530.

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The aim of this paper is to compare the results of kinematic viscosity of lubricating oils measurements at 40 °C, obtained with three different rapid evaluation devices, and the standardized method using an Ubbelohde Capillary viscometer. The following instruments were selected to measure: a mid-FTIR spectrophotometer, a microchannel viscometer, and a Stabinger viscometer. The study material comprised 42 fresh engine oils, all of which are commercially available. The main data analysis tools used in the study were multiple regression, Mahala Nobis distance, post-hoc analysis, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test with the Bonferroni correction. Consistent outcomes were obtained for the Stabinger viscometer only, whereas the microchannel viscometer and the mid-FTIR spectrophotometer were not as precise as the reference method. It was also found that the results obtained with the use of the mid-FTIR spectrophotometer were burdened with a very large measurement error. Therefore, a very careful approach is suggested when choosing these instruments. The study fills an important gap in empirical research in the context of the reliability of measurement results obtained using various research techniques.
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Bektas, Pakel, Yıldırm, Uyar, Yıldırım, and Karaahmetoğlu. "SPACE RESECTION WITH ZENITH ANGLES." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 2 (2018): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i2.2018.1579.

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The problem of determining the position continues to be the most important problem of geodesy. With the development of measuring instruments and techniques, the widespread use of electronic distance meters, the precise and rapid computation possibilities provided by artificial ground satellites and computers, the segmented approach in the positioning problem (separate calculation of horizontal and vertical coordinates) has left the place as an integrated approach, dimensional coordinates have begun to be calculated together. It is possible to determine the 3D coordinates of the station point with only 3 zenith (vertical) angles. The problem of position determination is done either in the form of basic homework or (usually) predictions. It is also possible to calculate the three-dimensional coordinates of the points by the proposed resection method.
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Turner, Shawn M. "Advanced Techniques for Travel Time Data Collection." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1551, no. 1 (1996): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196155100107.

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Travel time information is becoming more important for applications ranging from congestion measurement to real-time travel information. Several advanced techniques for travel time data collection are discussed, including electronic distance-measuring instruments (DMIs), computerized and video license plate matching, cellular phone tracking, automatic vehicle identification (AVI), automatic vehicle location (AVL), and video imaging. The various advanced techniques are described, the necessary equipment and procedures are outlined, the applications of each technique are discussed, and the advantages and disadvantages are summarized. Electronic DMIs are low in cost but typically limited to congestion monitoring applications. Computerized and video license plate matching are more expensive and would be most applicable for congestion measurement and monitoring. Cellular phone tracking, AVI, and AVL systems may require a significant investment in communications infrastructure, but they can provide real-time information. Video imaging is still in testing stages, with some uncertainty about costs and accuracy.
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Wu, Chuan, He Huang, Rui Li, and Chenxing Fan. "Research on the Potential of Spherical Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Collecting Vibration Energy and Measuring Vibration." Sensors 20, no. 4 (2020): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20041063.

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The traditional downhole drilling vibration measurement methods which use cable or battery as power supplies increase the drilling costs and reduce the drilling efficiency. This paper proposes a spherical triboelectric nanogenerator, which shows the potential to collect the downhole vibration energy and measure the vibration frequency in a self-powered model. The power generation tests show that the output signal amplitude of the spherical triboelectric nanogenerator increases as the vibration frequency increases, and it can reach a maximum output voltage of 70 V, a maximum current of 3.3 × 10−5 A, and a maximum power of 10.9 × 10−9 W at 8 Hz when a 10-ohm resistor is connected. Therefore, if the power generation is stored for a certain period of time when numbers of the spherical triboelectric nanogenerators are connected in parallel, it may provide intermittent power for the low-power downhole measurement instruments. In addition, the sensing tests show that the measurement range is 0 to 8 Hz, the test error is less than 2%, the applicable working environment temperature is below 100 degrees Celsius, and the installation distance between the spherical triboelectric nanogenerator and the vibration source should be less than the critical value of 150 cm because the output signal amplitude is inversely proportional to the distance.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electronic distance measuring instruments"

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McCulloch, Josie C. "Novel methods of measuring the similarity and distance between complex fuzzy sets." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33401/.

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This thesis develops measures that enable comparisons of subjective information that is represented through fuzzy sets. Many applications rely on information that is subjective and imprecise due to varying contexts and so fuzzy sets were developed as a method of modelling uncertain data. However, making relative comparisons between data-driven fuzzy sets can be challenging. For example, when data sets are ambiguous or contradictory, then the fuzzy set models often become non-normal or non-convex, making them difficult to compare. This thesis presents methods of comparing data that may be represented by such (complex) non-normal or non-convex fuzzy sets. The developed approaches for calculating relative comparisons also enable fusing methods of measuring similarity and distance between fuzzy sets. By using multiple methods, more meaningful comparisons of fuzzy sets are possible. Whereas if only a single type of measure is used, ambiguous results are more likely to occur. This thesis provides a series of advances around the measuring of similarity and distance. Based on them, novel applications are possible, such as personalised and crowd-driven product recommendations. To demonstrate the value of the proposed methods, a recommendation system is developed that enables a person to describe their desired product in relation to one or more other known products. Relative comparisons are then used to find and recommend something that matches a person's subjective preferences. Demonstrations illustrate that the proposed method is useful for comparing complex, non-normal and non-convex fuzzy sets. In addition, the recommendation system is effective at using this approach to find products that match a given query.
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Rothmann, Sebastiaan. "Establishing the protocol validity of an electronic standardised measuring instrument / Sebastiaan Rothmann." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/5068.

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Over the past few decades, the nature of work has undergone remarkable changes, resulting in a shift from manual demands to mental and emotional demands on employees. In order to manage these demands and optimise employee performance, organisations use well-being surveys to guide their interventions. Because these interventions have a drastic financial implication it is important to ensure the validity and reliability of the results. However, even if a validated measuring instrument is used, the problem remains that wellness audits might be reliable, valid and equivalent when the results of a group of people are analysed, but cannot be guaranteed for each individual. It is therefore important to determine the validity and reliability of individual measurements (i.e. protocol validity). However, little information exists concerning the efficiency of different methods to evaluate protocol validity. The general objective of this study was to establish an efficient, real-time method/indicator for determining protocol validity in web-based instruments. The study sample consisted of 14 592 participants from several industries in South Africa and was extracted from a work-related well-being survey archive. A protocol validity indicator that detects random responses was developed and evaluated. It was also investigated whether Item Response Theory (IRT) fit statistics have the potential to serve as protocol validity indicators and this was compared to the newly developed protocol validity indicator. The developed protocol validity indicator makes use of neural networks to predict whether cases have protocol validity. A neural network was trained on a large non-random sample and a computer-generated random sample. The neural network was then cross-validated to see whether posterior cases can be accurately classified as belonging to the random or non-random sample. The neural network proved to be effective in detecting 86,39% of the random responses and 85,85% of the non-random responses correctly. Analyses on the misclassified cases demonstrated that the neural network was accurate because non-random classified cases were in fact valid and reliable, while random classified cases showed a problematic factor structure and low internal consistency. Neural networks proved to be an effective technique for the detection of potential invalid and unreliable cases in electronic well-being surveys. Subsequently, the protocol validity detection capability of IRT fit statistics was investigated. The fit statistics were calculated for the study population and for random generated data with a uniform distribution. In both the study population and the random data, cases with higher outfit statistics showed problems with validity and reliability. When compared to the neural network technique, the fit statistics suggested that the neural network was more effective in classifying non-random cases than it was in classifying random cases. Overall, the fit statistics proved to be effective indicators of protocol invalidity (rather than validity) provided that some additional measures be imposed. Recommendations were made for the organisation as well as with a view to future research.<br>Thesis (M.Sc. (Human Resource Management))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.
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Baaklini, Fredrik, and Nicklas Bohman. "Design of a high-precision energy meter according to the Measuring Instruments Directive." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fysik och elektroteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-150148.

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This thesis investigates how an energy meter should be constructed in order to apply to the Measurement Instrument Directive. The measuring instrument directive is a statutory industry standard. All meters used for billing purposes must abide by this standard. Multiple systems were investigated in order to find the optimal system according to the agreed upon demands. Each system is presented individually and need to be able to withstand 230V and 35A. The system which fulfills the demands the best is implemented. The choosen system is based around the M90E32AS and Atmega328pb IC:s from Microchip. The sensors used are current transformers and voltage dividers. The M90E32AS samples data from the sensors and forwards it to the Atmega328pb where they can be read by a computer. Communication is conducted via SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface). Isolation is needed to provide protection to low voltage components and other equipment. Because of this the transformers and optocouplers are used. The end result is a functioning energy meter. It measures voltage and current in a satisfying way with a very small margin om error. According to the test made regarding energymetering the measurement error is just above 1%. This is a bigger error than what was wanted but the tests are not very precise and the error is probably smaller in reality.
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Riddell, Kevin Donald Alexander. "Design, testing and demonstration of a small unmanned aircraft system (SUAS) and payload for measuring wind speed and particulate matter in the atmospheric boundary layer." Thesis, Arts and Science, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3416.

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The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is the layer of air directly influenced by the Earth’s surface and is the layer of the atmosphere most important to humans as this is the air we live in. Methods for measuring the properties of the ABL include three general approaches: satellite-based, ground- based and airborne. A major research challenge is that many contemporary methods provide a restricted spatial resolution or coverage of variations of ABL properties such as how wind speed varies across a landscape with complex topography. To enhance our capacity to measure the properties of the ABL, this thesis presents a new technique that involves a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS) equipped with a customized payload for measuring wind speed and particulate matter. The research presented herein outlines two key phases in establishing the proof-of-concept of the payload and its integration on the sUAS: (1) design and testing and (2) field demonstration. The first project focuses on measuring wind speed, which has been measured with fixed wing sUASs in previous research, but not with a helicopter sUAS. The second project focuses on the measurement of particulate matter, which is a major air pollutant typically measured with ground- based sensors. Results from both proof-of-concept projects suggest that ABL research could benefit from the proposed techniques.
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Du, Plessis Jan Harm. "An all-fibre laser distance measurement system utilising figure-eight fibre lasers with electro-optic amplitude modulation." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3417.

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M.Ing.<br>The aim of this project is to research the feasibility of an all-fibre laser distance measurement device that utilises a figure-eight fibre laser (F8L), in the nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM) configuration, as a light source and implements pulse compression to improve the accuracy and signal-to-noise ratio of the system. A figure-eight fibre laser in the NALM configuration for use in a laser distance measurement device is described. The theory of fibre lasers is discussed, including mode-locking and Qswitching, and the characteristics of a NALM loop are analysed. By varying the length of the NALM loop from 500 m to 2000 m or inserting highly nonlinear dispersion shifted fibre, a variety of pulses in the picosecond to nanosecond range can be produced. The lengths of the pulses depend on the length of the NALM loop, the pump power and the setting of the polarisation controllers. The figure-eight fibre laser is pumped with a 980 nm laser diode up to 550 mA, which corresponds to 320 mW. Distance measurements are done with short unmodulated and long modulated pulses. Distance measurement with short unmodulated pulses is discussed only briefly and tested with a simple experiment. The focus of this project is distance measurement with long modulated pulses. A low autocorrelated binary sequence is modulated onto one of the long pulses produced by the figure-eight fibre laser by an electro-optic amplitude modulator. The long pulse gives the proposed system a good signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), while the modulation improves the accuracy. A Barker code of length 13 is proposed as modulation code because of its good autocorrelation properties. The Barker code will improve the accuracy 13-fold, with a corresponding increase in SNR. An electro-optic amplitude modulator is used to implement the modulation. The modulated long pulse is then sent to a target. After reflection, the signal is detected and cross-correlated to obtain the time-of-flight for the pulse. The code generation and cross-correlation are implemented with an FPGA via VHDL programming. The distance to a target can be calculated by knowing the time-of-flight and the speed of light in the propagation medium. In this project the resolution, single-shot precision, accuracy, linearity, repeatability and maximum unambiguous distance of the proposed all-fibre laser distance measurement device are examined.
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Books on the topic "Electronic distance measuring instruments"

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Electronic distance measurement: An introduction. 3rd ed. Springer-Verlag, 1990.

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Rüeger, J. M. Electronic distance measurement: An introduction. 3rd ed. Springer-Verlag, 1990.

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Rüeger, J. M. Electronic distance measurement: An introduction. 3rd ed. Springer-Verlag, 1990.

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Rüeger, J. M. Electronic distance measurement: An introduction. 3rd ed. Springer-Verlag, 1990.

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Rüeger, J. M. Electronic distance measurement: An introduction. 4th ed. Springer, 1996.

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Test instruments. American Technical Publishers, 2005.

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Regtien, P. P. L. Instrumentation electronics. Prentice Hall, 1992.

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Charles, Wright. Applied measurement engineering: How to design effective mechanical measurement systems. Prentice Hall PTR, 1995.

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Organisation Internationale de Métrologie Légale. General requirements for electronic measuring instruments =: Exigencesgénérales pour les instruments de mesure électroniques. OIML, 1994.

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Zagorskiĭ, I͡A T. Mikromoshchnye ėlektronnye izmeritelʹnye ustroĭstva. Ėnergoatomizdat, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Electronic distance measuring instruments"

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Bird, John. "Electrical measuring instruments and measurements." In Bird's Electrical and Electronic Principles and Technology, 7th ed. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003130406-14.

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"Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments." In Surveying Instruments and their Operational Principles. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-98829-4.50015-1.

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Kendrick, David. "Cost Effectiveness in Course Redesign." In Cases on Distance Delivery and Learning Outcomes. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-870-3.ch005.

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As Web-based technologies march forward, improved access to higher education by traditional and non-traditional student, alike, is a certainty, but such technologies as a mechanism for lowering costs are still subject for further exploration. Course redesign from traditional to electronic delivery serves not only to grant access or improve achievement for the student, but can offer a cost savings for the institution. Educational leaders in higher education may consider the Web-based redesign alternative as not only a learning instrument, but a means to cut instructional costs. An explanation and application of a cost-measuring instrument, as well as reviews of literature and Web-based instructional models or strategies, is at the heart of this examination of course redesign. Educational content has become a commodity. Improved networks provide rapid and flexible dissemination of course content, opening up numerous options for organizing programs. Rather than designing content delivery around the schedule and resources of the provider, the institution, it can be customized around the needs of the recipient (Lovett, 1996). Courses, programs, and even degrees, can be organized around a combination of flexible course modules to accommodate particular student/client needs. Technology-mediated instruction, taken to its anywhere-anytime extreme, makes traditional academic calendars and curricular structures irrelevant or even a barrier to effective education.
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"Electronic Distance Measurer (EDM)." In Surveying Instruments and Technology. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315153346-4.

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"Electronic Distance Measurer (EDM)." In Surveying Instruments and Technology. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315153346-5.

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"Electronic Distance Measuring Devices." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58292-0_50172.

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"Measuring Instruments and Measurements." In Further Electrical and Electronic Principles. Routledge, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780080878126-11.

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"Angle and distance measuring instruments." In The Eye and Visual Optical Instruments. Cambridge University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511609541.021.

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Bird, J. O., and A. J. C. May. "Measuring instruments and measurements." In Electrical and Electronic Principles 3 Checkbook. Elsevier, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7506-0336-2.50013-6.

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Kaak, Paul, Rodney A. Reynolds, and Michael Whyte. "Measuring Followership." In Online Instruments, Data Collection, and Electronic Measurements. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2172-5.ch014.

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The focus in this chapter is a proposal for a measure of followership with three dimensions: resistant follower, compliant follower, and mature follower. The chapter contains an internet link to specific items and a format for the measure. The rationale centers on various theoretic views about followership. The chapter provides suggestions for use of the measure within organizations. The conclusion centers on a program for future research.
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Conference papers on the topic "Electronic distance measuring instruments"

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Forde, Lucy C., and Eleanor F. Howick. "Development of a calibration system for electronic distance measuring instruments." In Lasers in Metrology and Art Conservation, edited by Jennifer E. Decker and Nicholas Brown. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.445609.

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Forde, Lucy C., and Eleanor F. Howick. "Extension of traceable calibration for electronic distance measuring instruments beyond the length of the laboratory." In Optical Science and Technology, SPIE's 48th Annual Meeting, edited by Jennifer E. Decker and Nicholas Brown. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.503649.

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Xin, Shi, Qiu Lei, Tian Li, Liang Miaozhu, and Yi Lizheng. "Short-term load forecasting for electric vehicle charging stations based on time series distance measuring." In 2017 13th IEEE International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments (ICEMI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icemi.2017.8265838.

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Zabelin, L. U., G. N. Popov, V. I. Sedinin, and A. A. Tomilov. "A Design of Distance Measuring Complex for Dial-Up Telephone and Radio Communication Channels." In 2006 8th International Conference on Actual Problems of Electronic Instrument Engineering. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apeie.2006.4292499.

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5

Beyerle, Rick, Martin Smalc, Ryan Wayne, and R. A. Reynolds. "A Comparison of Methods to Measure the Thermal Diffusivity of Anisotropic Graphite Heat Spreaders." In ASME 2013 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2013-73093.

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In thin handheld electronic devices, such as smartphone and tablet computers, high conductivity flexible graphite heat spreaders have become the passive thermal management solution of choice. Graphite is used in these applications because of its unique anisotropic properties of high in-plane thermal conductivity and low thru-thickness thermal conductivity. With the ratio of in-plane to thru-thickness thermal diffusivity and conductivity as high as 500:1, the anisotropic nature of graphite sheets defies isotropic thermal measurement techniques and complicates numerical analysis. Reliable measurement of in-plane thermal diffusivity is advantageous to the design and manufacture of these high performance graphite heat spreaders. Angstrom’s method for determining thermal diffusivity is the fundamental technique for measuring this property in thin sheets. This technique involves applying a periodic heat load to one end of a sample and detecting the resulting temperature variations in the sample at different distances from the heat source. This paper compares two instruments based on Angstrom’s method. The first is a custom built laboratory device and the second is a commercially available instrument. The implementation of Angstrom’s method in each device is different. One unit uses a Peltier device to induce a sinusoidal heat load at one end of a long specimen and two thermocouples to determine the temperature profile. The other device steps a pulsed laser along a short specimen at incremental distances and uses a single fixed thermocouple to capture the temperature profile. This paper compares thermal diffusivity measurements made with each device on several grades of graphite sheets, with nominal in-plane conductivity in the range of 300–1500 W/m·K. A Measurement System Analysis that uses statistical techniques to examine the reproducibility and repeatability of each instrument is performed and results are compared as a function of instrument, material and operator.
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Rodgers, Lennon, Daniel Frey, and Erik Wilhelm. "Estimating an Electric Vehicle’s “Distance to Empty” Using Both Past and Future Route Information." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12880.

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An electric vehicle’s Distance to Empty (DTE) is defined as the actual distance the vehicle can be driven before recharging is required. A real-time estimate is commonly displayed on the vehicle’s electronic instrument cluster and is used by the driver to plan their route. It is proved in this paper that the challenge for any DTE estimation algorithm is to accurately predict the future energy consumption of a vehicle. Future energy can be predicted reliably if either (i) future energy consumption is sufficiently similar to the past or (ii) applicable information about the future is known beforehand. A stochastic simulation was used to show that the average energy use (Wh/km) measured over the past ∼300 km often does an adequate job at predicting future energy use. A conventional DTE algorithm assumes this condition by “blending” both a long- and short-term average of past energy use. However, significant changes in driving conditions (e.g. traffic or auxiliary energy use) for sustained periods of time can cause large errors in DTE estimates. This paper showed that DTE error can be reduced if those future changes are detected beforehand by obtaining route information from the driver. For example, if the driver provides their destination(s) beforehand, a navigation system could obtain route, traffic and weather information via the internet and use this information to improve the DTE estimate. A multivariate linear regression model was derived that adjusts a historical average of energy consumption based on estimated changes in speeds, traffic and temperature. This method utilizes the measuring ability of the vehicle and thus does not require complex physics-based models. The algorithm could be implemented as a cloud-based mobile phone application since it is computationally light and the model is fitted using historical driving data. Finally, the algorithms were compared using a stochastic vehicle simulation and it was shown that incorporating future route information can significantly reduce DTE error.
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Stroganova, E. P., and S. E. Grichkin. "Generator with Electronic Frequency Tuning for Measuring Instruments." In 2018 Systems of Signal Synchronization, Generating and Processing in Telecommunications (SYNCHROINFO). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/synchroinfo.2018.8456990.

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Nemykin, A. A., and E. P. Stroganova. "Analysis of Moving Radio Electronic Measuring Instruments Characteristics." In 2020 International Conference on Engineering Management of Communication and Technology (EMCTECH). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/emctech49634.2020.9261508.

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Zhou Gang, Ge Shenqi, and Peng Wei. "Design of interactive electronic technical manual for the thermohydraulic measuring instruments of nuclear power plant." In Instruments (ICEMI). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icemi.2011.6037787.

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Wenyun, Huang, and Huang Xinmiao. "Strain Measuring System for Hopkinson Pressure Bar." In 2007 8th International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icemi.2007.4350499.

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