Journal articles: 'Electronic Film Review'

1

WURMEHL, SABINE, and JÜRGEN T. KOHLHEPP. "NMR SPECTROSCOPY ON HEUSLER THIN FILMS — A REVIEW." SPIN 04, no. 04 (December 2014): 1440019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010324714400190.

Full text

Abstract:

Heusler compounds exhibit different electronic ground states and functionalities, making them attractive materials for studies of their fundamental properties and for their technological exploitation. The high spin polarization, predicted in particular for Co 2-based Heusler compounds, renders them prime candidates for electrode materials in spintronic devices such as giant magnetoresistance (GMR) elements or magnetic tunnel junctions and requires their implementation in thin film stacks. The growth of high quality Heusler films, however, demands their careful characterization. Typical issues in Heusler thin films are, besides the type and degree of structural order, the control of the film composition and the conservation of smooth interfaces between different layers in the film, e.g., between the Heusler layer and the tunneling barrier, while at the same time enabling high structural order. This review illustrates how nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy contributes to those issues by discussing recent examples of nuclear magnetic resonance studies of Heusler thin films.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Liu, Xiaoyan, Mingmin Shi, Yuhao Luo, Lvyang Zhou, Zhi Rong Loh, Zhi Jian Oon, Xiaojuan Lian, Xiang Wan, Fred Beng Leng Chong, and Yi Tong. "Degradable and Dissolvable Thin-Film Materials for the Applications of New-Generation Environmental-Friendly Electronic Devices." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 15, 2020): 1320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041320.

Full text

Abstract:

The environmental pollution generated by electronic waste (e-waste), waste-gas, and wastewater restricts the sustainable development of society. Environmental-friendly electronics made of degradable, resorbable, and compatible thin-film materials were utilized and explored, which was beneficial for e-waste dissolution and sustainable development. In this paper, we present a literature review about the development of various degradable and disposable thin-films for electronic applications. The corresponding preparation methods were simply reviewed and one of the most exciting and promising methods was discussed: Printing electronics technology. After a short introduction, detailed applications in the environment sensors and eco-friendly devices based on these degradable and compatible thin-films were mainly reviewed, finalizing with the main conclusions and promising perspectives. Furthermore, the future on these upcoming environmental-friendly electronic devices are proposed and prospected, especially on resistive switching devices, showing great potential applications in artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Thing (IoT). These resistive switching devices combine the functions of storage and computations, which can complement the off-shelf computing based on the von Neumann architecture and advance the development of the AI.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Banerjee, Soumya, Ek Adhikari, Pitambar Sapkota, Amal Sebastian, and Sylwia Ptasinska. "Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Deposition of TiO2: A Review." Materials 13, no. 13 (June 30, 2020): 2931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13132931.

Full text

Abstract:

Atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) deposition techniques are useful today because of their simplicity and their time and cost savings, particularly for growth of oxide films. Among the oxide materials, titanium dioxide (TiO2) has a wide range of applications in electronics, solar cells, and photocatalysis, which has made it an extremely popular research topic for decades. Here, we provide an overview of non-thermal APP deposition techniques for TiO2 thin film, some historical background, and some very recent findings and developments. First, we define non-thermal plasma, and then we describe the advantages of APP deposition. In addition, we explain the importance of TiO2 and then describe briefly the three deposition techniques used to date. We also compare the structural, electronic, and optical properties of TiO2 films deposited by different APP methods. Lastly, we examine the status of current research related to the effects of such deposition parameters as plasma power, feed gas, bias voltage, gas flow rate, and substrate temperature on the deposition rate, crystal phase, and other film properties. The examples given cover the most common APP deposition techniques for TiO2 growth to understand their advantages for specific applications. In addition, we discuss the important challenges that APP deposition is facing in this rapidly growing field.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Patil, Deepak Rajaram, Venkateswarlu Annapureddy, J. Kaarthik, Atul Thakre, Jun Akedo, and Jungho Ryu. "Piezoelectric Thick Film Deposition via Powder/Granule Spray in Vacuum: A Review." Actuators 9, no. 3 (July 23, 2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act9030059.

Full text

Abstract:

Conventional thin-film processing techniques remain inadequate for obtaining superior dense ceramic thick films. The incompatibility of ceramic films prepared via other methods, such as screen printing, spin coating, and sputtering, is a major obstacle in the fabrication of thick film-based ceramic electronic components. The granule spray in vacuum (GSV) processes and aerosol deposition (AD) are important coating approaches for forming dense ceramic thick films featuring nanoscale crystallite structures at room temperature, which offer excellent material properties and facilitate cost-effective production. AD ceramic coatings require the acceleration of solid-state submicron ceramic particles via gas streams with a velocity of a few hundred meters per second, which are then wedged onto a substrate. This process is economical and particularly useful for the fabrication of piezoelectric thick film-based microactuators, energy harvesters, sensors, and optoelectronic devices. More recently, the GSV technique was improved to achieve more uniform and homogeneous film deposition after AD. This review article presents a detailed overview of the AD and GSV processes for piezoelectric thick films in terms of recent scientific and technological applications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Tuttle, Bruce A. "Electronic Ceramic Thin Films: Trends in Research and Development." MRS Bulletin 12, no. 7 (November 1987): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400066938.

Full text

Abstract:

Electronic ceramic materials research is one of the fastest growing, most highly publicized areas of materials science. Subjects receiving considerable attention include high temperature superconductors, multilayer ceramic composites for high density microelectronics packaging, and ferroelectric electro-optic thin films. A complete review of all aspects of electronic ceramics research is beyond the scope of this article, which will focus on two general topics whose development is representative of recent contributions to the field. These two areas are synthesis and characterization of electronic ceramic films,1 and controlled use of low level dopants (1,000 ppm or less) in bulk polycrystalline ceramics, thin films, and single crystals to achieve desired properties. Perspective of the progress in ceramic film development is given by a review of single-crystal synthesis and properties.Several examples of the impact that low level dopants and thin film synthesis have on electronic ceramics development are presented. Dopant concentrations of 1,000 ppm or less can have a dramatic effect on microstructural, optical, and electrical properties. For example, a decrease in aluminum content of 150 ppm resulted in an increase in grain size from 1 to 25 microns in otherwise identical ZnO varistors. Background aluminum concentrations for these varistors were less than 10 ppm. In another example, the photorefractive effect, the change in refractive index with optical light intensity, has been shown to be altered by orders of magnitude with ppm doping levels in ferroelectric electro-optic materials.Several electronic ceramic devices have recently been developed due to improvements in ceramic film processing. Examples of these devices include: 1. multilayer PZT transformers, which allow fabrication of complex monolithic passive multicom-ponent networks, 2. liquid cooled multilayer ceramic substrates, with 400×800 micron liquid transfer capillaries integrated into the multilayer structure via ceramic processing techniques for high density VLSI packaging, and 3. ferroelectric electrooptic thin films that are compatible with silicon or III-V technology. For all the above applications, synthesis of electronic ceramic materials into high purity films is essential.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Liu, Xi, Wei Xiao, Xiaojuan Ma, Liulian Huang, Yonghao Ni, Lihui Chen, Xinhua Ouyang, and Jianguo Li. "Conductive Regenerated Cellulose Film and Its Electronic Devices – A Review." Carbohydrate Polymers 250 (December 2020): 116969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116969.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Auciello, Orlando, and Dean M. Aslam. "Review on advances in microcrystalline, nanocrystalline and ultrananocrystalline diamond films-based micro/nano-electromechanical systems technologies." Journal of Materials Science 56, no. 12 (January 25, 2021): 7171–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05699-9.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractA comprehensive review is presented on the advances achieved in past years on fundamental and applied materials science of diamond films and engineering to integrate them into new generations of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). Specifically, the review focuses on describing the fundamental science performed to develop thin film synthesis processes and the characterization of chemical, mechanical, tribological and electronic properties of microcrystalline diamond, nanocrystalline diamond and ultrananocrystalline diamond films technologies, and the research and development focused on the integration of the diamond films with other film-based materials. The review includes both theoretical and experimental work focused on optimizing the films synthesis and the resulting properties to achieve the best possible MEMS/NEMS devices performance to produce new generation of MEMS/NEMS external environmental sensors and energy generation devices, human body implantable biosensors and energy generation devices, electron field emission devices and many more MEMS/NEMS devices, to produce transformational positive impact on the way and quality of life of people worldwide.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Grigoriev, Fedor, Vladimir Sulimov, and Alexander Tikhonravov. "Simulation of the optical coating deposition." Advanced Optical Technologies 7, no. 1-2 (April 25, 2018): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aot-2017-0079.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractA brief review of the mathematical methods of thin-film growth simulation and results of their applications is presented. Both full-atomistic and multi-scale approaches that were used in the studies of thin-film deposition are considered. The results of the structural parameter simulation including density profiles, roughness, porosity, point defect concentration, and others are discussed. The application of the quantum level methods to the simulation of the thin-film electronic and optical properties is considered. Special attention is paid to the simulation of the silicon dioxide thin films.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Giller, Cole A., and Scott J. Clamp. "Local Electronic Storage of Radiological Studies for Radiosurgery." Neurosurgery 52, no. 6 (June 1, 2003): 1499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000065175.87967.8d.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract OBJECTIVE Although radiosurgical practice mandates meticulous radiological follow-up, even the most efficient radiology department can be overwhelmed by the large number of radiosurgical patients who have undergone diagnostic studies for many years at many different institutions to follow many separate lesions. Although the task of assembling these studies is theoretically possible, because they are spread out in time and space, it is often impractical. We therefore sought to construct a computer-based system that could store images from multiple sources and present them instantly for review. METHODS We attached a flatbed film scanner to a standard desktop computer in our clinic and scanned selected sheets of film into an image database at each visit of a radiosurgical patient. “Low-tech” solutions were deliberately chosen—that is, to enhance ease and software compatibility, we used the operating system's directory structure for organization of data instead of proprietary software. Standard commercially available software was used to review studies that had been previously scanned. RESULTS During a 2- to 3-year period, images were scanned from 1129 studies performed on 435 patients. Images could be reviewed instantly and compared with current studies, and scanning a single piece of film required approximately 30 seconds. We estimate that the current capacity of our computer memory will satisfy our needs for approximately 12 years. CONCLUSION Assembly of an efficient and inexpensive system for image storage and retrieval suitable for radiosurgical practice is feasible and straightforward. Although our system is not a substitute for a radiology department, it obviates the constant frustration of “finding the films” and has become an essential part of our radiosurgical practice.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Campana, Filippo, Choongik Kim, Assunta Marrocchi, and Luigi Vaccaro. "Green solvent-processed organic electronic devices." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 43 (2020): 15027–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc03610b.

Full text

Abstract:

A review on the recent efforts to select green solvents for processing organic semiconductors for thin film transistors (TFT) and organic photovoltaics (OPV) applications. A guide for the safe fabrication of high-performance devices.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Wu, Xiaoli, Zhimin Zhou, Yuehui Wang, and Jingze Li. "Syntheses of Silver Nanowires Ink and Printable Flexible Transparent Conductive Film: A Review." Coatings 10, no. 9 (September 7, 2020): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10090865.

Full text

Abstract:

Nowadays, flexible transparent conductive film (FTCF) is one of the important components of many flexible electronic devices. Due to comprehensive performances on optoelectronics, FTCF based on silver nanowires (AgNWs) networks have received great attention and are expected to be a new generation of transparent conductive film materials. Due to its simple process, printed electronic technology is now an important technology for the rapid production of low-cost and high-quality flexible electronic devices. AgNWs-based FTCF fabricated by using printed electronic technology is considered to be the most promising process. Here, the preparation and performance of AgNW ink are introduced. The current printing technologies are described, including gravure printing, screen printing and inkjet printing. In addition, the latest methods to improve the conductivity, adhesion, and stability of AgNWs-based FTCF are introduced. Finally, the applications of AgNWs-based FTCF in solar cells, transparent film heaters, optoelectronic devices, touch panel, and sensors are introduced in detail. Therefore, combining various printing technologies with AgNWs ink may provide more opportunities for the development of flexible electronic devices in the future.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Gupta, Vinod Kumar, S. B. Shrivastava, and Geeta Bhatia. "THIN FILM TECHNOLOGY IN THE FIELD OF ENVIRONMENT." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 9SE (September 30, 2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3287.

Full text

Abstract:

Environmental conservation is a challenge to the mankind. The measures to check it must be easy to use, cheap and eco friendly. Thin film technology is providing answers to some of these problems. Nanostructured thin films of metal oxide are used in solar cells, semi permeable membrane, protective coatings, electronic devices, optoelectronics etc. Recently thin films have been developed to be used in different fields of environment. These include gas sensors, nanofilters etc. A brief review of the work done in this field is given in this paper.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Chang, Chin-An. "Thin-film interactions and their relevance to electronic packaging." Journal of Materials Research 2, no. 5 (October 1987): 697–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1987.0697.

Full text

Abstract:

Thin-film interactions have been increasingly important to various aspects of electronic technologies, including devices and packaging. Extensive outdiffusion and alloy formation, for example, can be detrimental to the yield and reliability of the parts fabricated. Understanding such interactions, and their dependence on various factors, continues to be a challenge to thin-film scientists. Several aspects related to thin-film interactions are described in this paper: a review of the ambient effects that provides an understanding of the basic reaction mechanisms at the interface; an illustration of concerns upon choosing a diffusion barrier layer, and reaction across such a layer; and the effect of undesired outdiffusion on the solder spread related to joining.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Srikanth, Vadali V. S. S., P. Sampath Kumar, and Vijay Bhooshan Kumar. "A Brief Review on theIn SituSynthesis of Boron-Doped Diamond Thin Films." International Journal of Electrochemistry 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/218393.

Full text

Abstract:

Diamond thin films are well known for their unsurpassed physical and chemical properties. In the recent past, research interests in the synthesis of conductive diamond thin films, especially the boron-doped diamond (BDD) thin films, have risen up to cater to the requirements of electronic, biosensoric, and electrochemical applications. BDD thin films are obtained by substituting some of thesp3hybridized carbon atoms in the diamond lattice with boron atoms. Depending on diamond thin film synthesis conditions, boron doping routes, and further processing steps (if any), different types of BDD diamond thin films with application-specific properties can be obtained. This paper will review several important advances in the synthesis of boron-doped diamond thin films, especially those synthesized via gas phase manipulation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Faruqi, A. R., and G. McMullan. "Electronic detectors for electron microscopy." Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics 44, no. 3 (April 28, 2011): 357–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033583511000035.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractElectron microscopy (EM) is an important tool for high-resolution structure determination in applications ranging from condensed matter to biology. Electronic detectors are now used in most applications in EM as they offer convenience and immediate feedback that is not possible with film or image plates. The earliest forms of electronic detector used routinely in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were charge coupled devices (CCDs) and for many applications these remain perfectly adequate. There are however applications, such as the study of radiation-sensitive biological samples, where film is still used and improved detectors would be of great value. The emphasis in this review is therefore on detectors for use in such applications. Two of the most promising candidates for improved detection are: monolithic active pixel sensors (MAPS) and hybrid pixel detectors (of which Medipix2 was chosen for this study). From the studies described in this review, a back-thinned MAPS detector appears well suited to replace film in for the study of radiation-sensitive samples at 300 keV, while Medipix2 is suited to use at lower energies and especially in situations with very low count rates.The performance of a detector depends on the energy of electrons to be recorded, which in turn is dependent on the application it is being used for; results are described for a wide range of electron energies ranging from 40 to 300 keV. The basic properties of detectors are discussed in terms of their modulation transfer function (MTF) and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) as a function of spatial frequency.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Cavallari, Marco Roberto, Loren Mora Pastrana, Carlos Daniel Flecha Sosa, Alejandra Maria Rodriguez Marquina, José Enrique Eirez Izquierdo, Fernando Josepetti Fonseca, Cleber Alexandre de Amorim, Leonardo Giordano Paterno, and Ioannis Kymissis. "Organic Thin-Film Transistors as Gas Sensors: A Review." Materials 14, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14010003.

Full text

Abstract:

Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) are miniaturized devices based upon the electronic responses of organic semiconductors. In comparison to their conventional inorganic counterparts, organic semiconductors are cheaper, can undergo reversible doping processes and may have electronic properties chiefly modulated by molecular engineering approaches. More recently, OTFTs have been designed as gas sensor devices, displaying remarkable performance for the detection of important target analytes, such as ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The present manuscript provides a comprehensive review on the working principle of OTFTs for gas sensing, with concise descriptions of devices’ architectures and parameter extraction based upon a constant charge carrier mobility model. Then, it moves on with methods of device fabrication and physicochemical descriptions of the main organic semiconductors recently applied to gas sensors (i.e., since 2015 but emphasizing even more recent results). Finally, it describes the achievements of OTFTs in the detection of important gas pollutants alongside an outlook toward the future of this exciting technology.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Schoch, K. F. "Thick-Film Technology And Applications (Book Review)." IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine 14, no. 1 (January 1998): 48–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mei.1998.649920.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Shea, J. J., and C. A. Harper. "Dry film photoresist processing technology [Book Review]." IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine 18, no. 4 (July 2002): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mei.2002.1019915.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Mirshojaeian Hosseini, Mohammad Javad, and Robert A. Nawrocki. "A Review of the Progress of Thin-Film Transistors and Their Technologies for Flexible Electronics." Micromachines 12, no. 6 (June 2, 2021): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12060655.

Full text

Abstract:

Flexible electronics enable various technologies to be integrated into daily life and fuel the quests to develop revolutionary applications, such as artificial skins, intelligent textiles, e-skin patches, and on-skin displays. Mechanical characteristics, including the total thickness and the bending radius, are of paramount importance for physically flexible electronics. However, the limitation regarding semiconductor fabrication challenges the mechanical flexibility of thin-film electronics. Thin-Film Transistors (TFTs) are a key component in thin-film electronics that restrict the flexibility of thin-film systems. Here, we provide a brief overview of the trends of the last three decades in the physical flexibility of various semiconducting technologies, including amorphous-silicon, polycrystalline silicon, oxides, carbon nanotubes, and organics. The study demonstrates the trends of the mechanical properties, including the total thickness and the bending radius, and provides a vision for the future of flexible TFTs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Wang, Jinshu, Qian Cai, Hongyi Li, Yuntao Cui, and Hong Wang. "A Review onTiO2Nanotube Film Photocatalysts Prepared by Liquid-Phase Deposition." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/702940.

Full text

Abstract:

TiO2nanotube film is a promising photocatalyst associated with its unique physical and chemical properties such as optic, electronic, high specific surface area. Liquid-phase decomposition provides a feasible way for the preparation of functional thin film. This paper reviews and analyzes the formation mechanism of TiO2nanotube film by liquid phase deposition. The effect of preparation parameters, such as the kinds of electrolyte solution for the preparation of anodic alumina template, volume fraction of Al2O3on the template, the concentration of the deposition solution, and heat treatment, on the formation of TiO2nanotube film has been analyzed. The effects of doping of metallic and nonmetallic elements on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2nanotube have been discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Zhao, Juan, Zhihe Chi, Zhan Yang, Xiaojie Chen, Michael S. Arnold, Yi Zhang, Jiarui Xu, Zhenguo Chi, and Matthew P. Aldred. "Recent developments of truly stretchable thin film electronic and optoelectronic devices." Nanoscale 10, no. 13 (2018): 5764–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr09472h.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Khan, Danish, Muhammad Mateen, Zulqarnain Arain, Manoj Kumar Panjwani, and Jerry Kumar. "Improving Opto-Electronic Performance of Mixed-Cation Perovskite Solar Cells Through Surface-Treatment Strategy." Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/nnl.2020.3084.

Full text

Abstract:

Among thin-film solar cells, perovskite solar cells are receiving close review by the researchers due to rapid increase in efficiency during the last decade. Mixed organic–inorganic halide perovskites (CH3NH3PbI3 or MAPbI3) are easy in fabrication as well as cost-effective but these solar cells are facing challenges of stability under normal environmental conditions. Halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are polycrystalline in nature but still lacking the effective optical and electrical properties, and one of the big reasons behind it is the less grain size. In this study, formamidinium lead iodide (FAI) treatment was applied along with deposition of MAPbI3. The grain size was increased which further decreased defects of film surface and grain boundary between the grains. The treatment also helped improving the crystallinity of films, as well as opto-electronic characteristics of PSCs. The FAI treated PSCs showed more resilience stability than untreated PSCs in terms of aged power conversion efficiency (PCE). The complete investigation was done by comparing the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, atomic force microscopy (AFM) images, X-ray diffraction peaks, UV-Vis absorbance and mean grain size of the FAI treated and non-FAI treated films.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

SHUR, MICHAEL S., SERGEY L. RUMYANTSEV, and REMIS GASKA. "SEMICONDUCTOR THIN FILMS AND THIN FILM DEVICES FOR ELECTROTEXTILES." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 12, no. 02 (June 2002): 371–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156402001320.

Full text

Abstract:

We discuss the evolution from wearable electronics and conductive textiles to electrotextiles with embedded semiconducting films and semiconductor devices and review different semiconductor technologies competing for applications in electrotextiles. We also report on fabrication, characterization, and properties of nanocrystalline semiconductor and metal films and thin-film device structures chemically deposited on fibers, cloth, and large area flexible substrates at low temperatures (close to room temperature). Our approach is based on a new process of depositing polycrystalline CdSe (1.75 eV), CdS (2.4 eV), PbS (0.4 eV), PbSe (0.24 eV) and CuxS (semiconductor/metal) films on flexible substrates from the water solutions of complex-salt compounds. We have covered areas up to 8 × 10 inches but the process can be scaled up. The film properties are strongly affected by processing. We fabricated a lateral solar cell with alternating Cu2-xS and nickel contact stripes deposited on top of a view foil. These sets of contacts represented "ohmic" and "non-ohmic" contacts, respectively. Then CdS films of approximately 0.5 μm thick were deposited on top. We also fabricated a "sandwich" type photovoltaic cell, where the CdS film was sandwiched between an In2O3 layer deposited on a view foil and a Cu2-xS layer deposited on top. Both structures exhibited transient response under light, with the characteristic response time decreasing with the illumination wavelength. This is consistent with having deeper localized states in the energy gap determining the transients for shorter wavelength radiation. (Slow transients related to trapping effects are typical for polycrystalline CdS materials.) We also report on the photovoltaic effect in CdS/CuS films deposited on trylene threads and on a field effect in these films deposited on a flexible copper wire. CdS films deposited on viewfoils exhibit unique behavior under stress and UV radiation exposure with reproducible resistance changes of several orders of magnitude with bending up to 10 mm curvature. Our results clearly demonstrate the feasibility of using this technology for photovoltaic and microelectronics applications for electrotextiles and wearable electronics applications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Fagehi, Raied. "Development in Tear Film Osmolarity Assessments: A Review." Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v13i1.26128.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this article is to review the development in the assessment of tear film with tear osmolarity techniques. Also, to find out the average score for tear osmolarity in normal and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) patients based on the published work. The use of tear osmolarity techniques has been started about 50 years ago. Over the last years a number of researchers have investigated the human tear osmolarity. The tear osmolarity assessment techniques have two procedures. The first procedure which is old, that involves the detection of freezing point depression and vapour pressure. The second one which is more advance and known as the electronic method, that involves the use of electrical impedance technique. All techniques used to assess tear osmolarity are good, accurate, reliable and provide comparable data. Based on the published work reviewed in this article, the average tear osmolarity for normal subjects is 303.2 ± 7.0 compared to 322.7 ± 15.9 in subjects with KCS.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Herbst, L. J. "PTF—a Review of Polymer Thick Film Technology." IEE Review 36, no. 6 (1990): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ir:19900093.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

He, Ji-Huan, Hai-Yan Kong, Rui-Rui Yang, Hao Dou, Naeem Faraz, Liang Wang, and Chao Feng. "Review on fiber morphology obtained by bubble electrospinning and blown bubble spinning." Thermal Science 16, no. 5 (2012): 1263–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci1205263h.

Full text

Abstract:

Here we show an intriguing phenomenon in the bubble electrospinning process that the ruptured film might be stripped upwards by an electronic force to form a very thin and long plate-like strip, which might been received in the metal receiver as discontinuous backbone-like wrinkled materials, rather than smooth nano-fibers or microspheres. The processes are called the bubble electrospinning. The electronic force can be replaced by a blowing air, and the process is called as the blown bubble spinning. We demonstrate that the size and thickness of the ruptured film are the crucial parameters that are necessary to understand the various observations including beads and nanoporous materials. We identify the conditions required for a ruptured film to form discontinuous structure, and a critical width of the ruptured film to form a cylindrical fiber, above which a long and thin plate-like strip might be obtained, and a criterion for oscillatory jet diameter, which leads to bead morphology of the obtained fibers. The space of the adjacent beads depends on the fiber size. We anticipate our assay to be a starting point for more sophisticated study of the bubble electrospinning and the blown bubble spinning and for mass-production of both nanofibers and nanoscale discontinuous materials.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Kruse, Jon J., Michael G. Herman, Chris R. Hagness, Brian J. Davis, Yolanda I. Garces, Michael G. Haddock, Kenneth R. Olivier, Scott L. Stafford, and Thomas M. Pisansky. "Electronic and film portal images: a comparison of landmark visibility and review accuracy." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 54, no. 2 (October 2002): 584–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3016(02)02955-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Choi, Chang-Ho, Liang-Yu Lin, Chun-Cheng Cheng, and Chih-hung Chang. "Printed Oxide Thin Film Transistors: A Mini Review." ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology 4, no. 4 (2015): P3044—P3051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0071504jss.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Herbst, L. J. "Book Review: Thick-Film Hybrids—manufacture and design:." International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education 28, no. 4 (October 1991): 379–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072099102800424.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Lakin, K. M. "A review of thin-film resonator technology." IEEE Microwave Magazine 4, no. 4 (December 2003): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmw.2003.1266067.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Kumar, Ajay, Amit Kumar Goyal, and Neha Gupta. "Review—Thin-Film Transistors (TFTs) for Highly Sensitive Biosensing Applications: A Review." ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology 9, no. 11 (September 7, 2020): 115022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/abb2b3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Cheong, Kuan Yew, Ilias Ait Tayeb, Feng Zhao, and Jafri Malin Abdullah. "Review on resistive switching mechanisms of bio-organic thin film for non-volatile memory application." Nanotechnology Reviews 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 680–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2021-0047.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Bio-organic, as one of the sustainable and bioresorbable materials, has been used as an active thin film in producing resistive switching random access memory (RRAM) due to its specialized properties. This type of nonvolatile memory consists of a simple unit structure with the processed and solidified bio-organic-based thin film sandwiched between two electrodes. Its memory characteristics are significantly affected by the resistive-switching mechanism. However, to date, the reported mechanisms are very diverse and scattered, and to our best knowledge, there is no literature that reviewed comprehensively the mechanisms of resistive switching in bio-organic-based thin films. Therefore, the objective of this article is to critically analyze data related to the mechanisms of the bio-organic-based RRAM since it was first reported. Based on the pool of literature, three types of mechanisms are categorized, namely electronic, electrochemical, and thermochemical, and the naming is well justified based on the principle of operation. The determining factors and roles of bio-organic material and the two electrodes in governing the three mechanisms have been analyzed, reviewed, discussed, and compared.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Shea, J. J. "Handbook of Thick- Thin-Film Hybrid Microelectronics [Book Review]." IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine 20, no. 6 (November 2004): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mei.2004.1367523.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Lee, Sang Yeol. "Comprehensive Review on Amorphous Oxide Semiconductor Thin Film Transistor." Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials 21, no. 3 (April 7, 2020): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42341-020-00197-w.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Kalimuldina, Gulnur, Nursultan Turdakyn, Ingkar Abay, Alisher Medeubayev, Arailym Nurpeissova, Desmond Adair, and Zhumabay Bakenov. "A Review of Piezoelectric PVDF Film by Electrospinning and Its Applications." Sensors 20, no. 18 (September 12, 2020): 5214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185214.

Full text

Abstract:

With the increase of interest in the application of piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in nanogenerators (NGs), sensors, and microdevices, the most efficient and suitable methods of their synthesis are being pursued. Electrospinning is an effective method to prepare higher content β-phase PVDF nanofiber films without additional high voltage poling or mechanical stretching, and thus, it is considered an economically viable and relatively simple method. This work discusses the parameters affecting the preparation of the desired phase of the PVDF film with a higher electrical output. The design and selection of optimum preparation conditions such as solution concentration, solvents, the molecular weight of PVDF, and others lead to electrical properties and performance enhancement in the NG, sensor, and other applications. Additionally, the effect of the nanoparticle additives that showed efficient improvements in the PVDF films was discussed as well. For instance, additives of BaTiO3, carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanoclays, and others are summarized to show their contributions to the higher piezo response in the electrospun PVDF. The recently reported applications of electrospun PVDF films are also analyzed in this review paper.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Ren, Zhihao, Jikai Xu, Xianhao Le, and Chengkuo Lee. "Heterogeneous Wafer Bonding Technology and Thin-Film Transfer Technology-Enabling Platform for the Next Generation Applications beyond 5G." Micromachines 12, no. 8 (August 11, 2021): 946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12080946.

Full text

Abstract:

Wafer bonding technology is one of the most effective methods for high-quality thin-film transfer onto different substrates combined with ion implantation processes, laser irradiation, and the removal of the sacrificial layers. In this review, we systematically summarize and introduce applications of the thin films obtained by wafer bonding technology in the fields of electronics, optical devices, on-chip integrated mid-infrared sensors, and wearable sensors. The fabrication of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers based on the Smart CutTM process, heterogeneous integrations of wide-bandgap semiconductors, infrared materials, and electro-optical crystals via wafer bonding technology for thin-film transfer are orderly presented. Furthermore, device design and fabrication progress based on the platforms mentioned above is highlighted in this work. They demonstrate that the transferred films can satisfy high-performance power electronics, molecular sensors, and high-speed modulators for the next generation applications beyond 5G. Moreover, flexible composite structures prepared by the wafer bonding and de-bonding methods towards wearable electronics are reported. Finally, the outlooks and conclusions about the further development of heterogeneous structures that need to be achieved by the wafer bonding technology are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Prabaswara, Aditya, Jens Birch, Muhammad Junaid, Elena Alexandra Serban, Lars Hultman, and Ching-Lien Hsiao. "Review of GaN Thin Film and Nanorod Growth Using Magnetron Sputter Epitaxy." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (April 27, 2020): 3050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093050.

Full text

Abstract:

Magnetron sputter epitaxy (MSE) offers several advantages compared to alternative GaN epitaxy growth methods, including mature sputtering technology, the possibility for very large area deposition, and low-temperature growth of high-quality electronic-grade GaN. In this article, we review the basics of reactive sputtering for MSE growth of GaN using a liquid Ga target. Various target biasing schemes are discussed, including direct current (DC), radio frequency (RF), pulsed DC, and high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS). Examples are given for MSE-grown GaN thin films with material quality comparable to those grown using alternative methods such as molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE), metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), and hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). In addition, successful GaN doping and the fabrication of practical devices have been demonstrated. Beyond the planar thin film form, MSE-grown GaN nanorods have also been demonstrated through self-assembled and selective area growth (SAG) method. With better understanding in process physics and improvements in material quality, MSE is expected to become an important technology for the growth of GaN.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Lai, Chin Wei. "WO₃-TiO₂ Nanocomposite and its Applications: A Review." Nano Hybrids and Composites 20 (April 2018): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/nhc.20.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Design and development of nanostructure of titanium dioxide (TiO2) assemblies has gained significant scientific interest and become the most studied material as it exhibits promising functional properties. Nevertheless, formation of TiO2 nanocomposite thin film, especially WO3-loaded TiO2 nanotubes without bundling is essential for high efficiency in many potential applications, including photocatalytic oxidation related applications, solar cell related applications, electrochromic devices and sensing related applications. Thus, this chapter aims to summarize on the development of an efficient WO3-loaded TiO2 nanotubes catalyst for the improving the performance for charge carriers transportation and extended the spectral response of TiO2 to visible spectrum. In fact, coupling TiO2 with W6+ species will lead to an additional electronic state in the band-gap of nanocomposite thin film, which in turn affect a change in the electronic and functionality of TiO2 itself. As a result, band gap narrowing effects could expand the range of excitation light to the visible region and provide sites that slow down the recombination of charge carriers. To bring more TiO2 related applications to the point of commercial readiness and viability in terms of performance and cost, substantial research on the development of high efficient nanocomposite thin film (WO3-TiO2) is necessary. In this chapter, different synthesis strategies and research findings for WO3-TiO2 nanocomposite thin film as well as its prospects in potential applications will be reviewed in detail.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Pentcheva, R., R. Arras, K. Otte, V. G. Ruiz, and W. E. Pickett. "Termination control of electronic phases in oxide thin films and interfaces: LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3 (001)." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 370, no. 1977 (October 28, 2012): 4904–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0202.

Full text

Abstract:

A wealth of intriguing properties emerge in the seemingly simple system composed of the band insulators LaAlO 3 and SrTiO 3 such as a two-dimensional electron gas, superconductivity and magnetism. In this paper, we review the current insight obtained from first principles calculations on the mechanisms governing the behaviour of thin LaAlO 3 films on SrTiO 3 (001). In particular, we explore the strong dependence of the electronic properties on the surface and interface termination, the finite film thickness, lattice polarization and defects. A further aspect that is addressed is how the electronic behaviour and functionality can be tuned by an SrTiO 3 capping layer, adsorbates and metallic contacts. Lastly, we discuss recent reports on the coexistence of magnetism and superconductivity in this system for what they might imply about the electronic structure of this system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Vyas, Sumit. "A Short Review on Properties and Applications of Zinc Oxide Based Thin Films and Devices : ZnO as a promising material for applications in electronics, optoelectronics, biomedical and sensors." Johnson Matthey Technology Review 64, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 202–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1595/205651320x15694993568524.

Full text

Abstract:

Zinc oxide has emerged as an attractive material for various applications in electronics, optoelectronics, biomedical and sensing. The large excitonic binding energy of 60 meV at room temperature as compared to 25 meV of gallium nitride, an III-V compound makes ZnO an efficient light emitter in the ultraviolet (UV) spectral region and hence favourable for optoelectronic applications. The high conductivity and transparency of ZnO makes it important for applications like transparent conducting oxides (TCO) and thin-film transistors (TFT). In this paper, the optoelectronic, electronic and other properties that make ZnO attractive for a variety of applications are discussed. Various applications of ZnO thin film and its devices such as light-emitting diodes (LED), UV sensors, biosensors, photodetectors and TFT that have been described by various research groups are presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Westmacott, K. H., and U. Dahmen. "A comparative HVEM study of ICB-deposited aluminum films." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 642–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100155189.

Full text

Abstract:

The Ionized Cluster Beam (ICB) technique pioneered by Takagi and colleagues in Kyoto is an exciting new method for depositing thin films possessing novel microstructures and unusual properties, (see for example Ref. 1 for a review of recent work). These materials are of interest not only for their potential use in electronic applications but also because of their eminent suitability for fundamental high resolution studies of grain boundary structureThe HVEM's at the National Center for Electron Microscopy are employed in a complementary fashion to characterize fully the microstructure of ICB deposited Al films. In-situ annealing studies of the films are conducted in the 1.5 MeV Kratos HVEM taking advantage of its heating stage, excellent specimen chamber vacuum (10-8 torr), and high resolution video camera. The increased penetration at 1.5 MeV allows different film thicknesses of Al film to be examined as well as the regions of the foil where the silicon substrate remains backing the Al film. High resolution studies of the atomic structure of grain boundaries are performed on the 1 MeV JEOL ARM using its unique tilting stage and ability to image structures at the 0.15 nm level.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Jeynes, Chris, Roger P. Webb, and Annika Lohstroh. "Ion Beam Analysis: A Century of Exploiting the Electronic and Nuclear Structure of the Atom for Materials Characterisation." Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology 04, no. 01 (January 2011): 41–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793626811000483.

Full text

Abstract:

Analysis using MeV ion beams is a thin film characterisation technique invented some 50 years ago which has recently had the benefit of a number of important advances. This review will cover damage profiling in crystals including studies of defects in semiconductors, surface studies, and depth profiling with sputtering. But it will concentrate on thin film depth profiling using Rutherford backscattering, particle induced X-ray emission and related techniques in the deliberately synergistic way that has only recently become possible. In this review of these new developments, we will show how this integrated approach, which we might call "total IBA", has given the technique great analytical power.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Chen, Dazhi, and Yong J. Yuan. "Thin-Film Sensors for Detection of Formaldehyde: A Review." IEEE Sensors Journal 15, no. 12 (December 2015): 6749–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2015.2457931.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Kanelidis, Ioannis, and Tobias Kraus. "The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 8 (December 7, 2017): 2625–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.263.

Full text

Abstract:

Coinage-metal nanoparticles are key components of many printable electronic inks. They can be combined with polymers to form conductive composites and have been used as the basis of molecular electronic devices. This review summarizes the multidimensional role of surface ligands that cover their metal cores. Ligands not only passivate crystal facets and determine growth rates and shapes; they also affect size and colloidal stability. Particle shapes can be tuned via the ligand choice while ligand length, size, ω-functionalities, and chemical nature influence shelf-life and stability of nanoparticles in dispersions. When particles are deposited, ligands affect the electrical properties of the resulting film, the morphology of particle films, and the nature of the interfaces. The effects of the ligands on sintering, cross-linking, and self-assembly of particles in electronic materials are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Brinker, C. J., A. J. Hurd, P. R. Schunk, G. C. Frye, and C. S. Ashley. "Review of sol-gel thin film formation." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 147-148 (January 1992): 424–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3093(05)80653-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Park, Jin-Seong, Heeyeop Chae, Ho Kyoon Chung, and Sang In Lee. "Thin film encapsulation for flexible AM-OLED: a review." Semiconductor Science and Technology 26, no. 3 (February 14, 2011): 034001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/26/3/034001.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Shea, J. J. "Mechanisms of surface and microstructure evolution in deposited films and film structures, vol. 672 [Book Review]." IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine 19, no. 1 (January 2003): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mei.2003.1178119.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Naghdi, Samira, Kyong Rhee, David Hui, and Soo Park. "A Review of Conductive Metal Nanomaterials as Conductive, Transparent, and Flexible Coatings, Thin Films, and Conductive Fillers: Different Deposition Methods and Applications." Coatings 8, no. 8 (August 9, 2018): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8080278.

Full text

Abstract:

With ever-increasing demand for lightweight, small, and portable devices, the rate of production of electronic and optoelectronic devices is constantly increasing, and alternatives to the current heavy, voluminous, fragile, conductive and transparent materials will inevitably be needed in the future. Conductive metal nanomaterials (such as silver, gold, copper, zinc oxide, aluminum, and tin) and carbon-based conductive materials (carbon nanotubes and graphene) exhibit great promise as alternatives to conventional conductive materials. Successfully incorporating conductive nanomaterials into thin films would combine their excellent electrical and optical properties with versatile mechanical characteristics superior to those of conventional conductive materials. In this review, the different conductive metal nanomaterials are introduced, and the challenges facing methods of thin film deposition and applications of thin films as conductive coatings are investigated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Hermann, Allen M. "Polycrystalline thin-film solar cells – A review." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 55, no. 1-2 (July 1998): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-0248(98)00048-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Liang, Xianfeng, Cunzheng Dong, Huaihao Chen, Jiawei Wang, Yuyi Wei, Mohsen Zaeimbashi, Yifan He, Alexei Matyushov, Changxing Sun, and Nianxiang Sun. "A Review of Thin-Film Magnetoelastic Materials for Magnetoelectric Applications." Sensors 20, no. 5 (March 10, 2020): 1532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20051532.

Full text

Abstract:

Since the revival of multiferroic laminates with giant magnetoelectric (ME) coefficients, a variety of multifunctional ME devices, such as sensor, inductor, filter, antenna etc. have been developed. Magnetoelastic materials, which couple the magnetization and strain together, have recently attracted ever-increasing attention due to their key roles in ME applications. This review starts with a brief introduction to the early research efforts in the field of multiferroic materials and moves to the recent work on magnetoelectric coupling and their applications based on both bulk and thin-film materials. This is followed by sections summarizing historical works and solving the challenges specific to the fabrication and characterization of magnetoelastic materials with large magnetostriction constants. After presenting the magnetostrictive thin films and their static and dynamic properties, we review micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and bulk devices utilizing ME effect. Finally, some open questions and future application directions where the community could head for magnetoelastic materials will be discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Electronic Film Review'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles