Relevant bibliographies by topics / Electronic funds transfer

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Electronic funds transfer'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Electronic funds transfer"

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Henderson, Ian. "Electronic funds transfer fraud." Computer Fraud & Security 2003, no. 12 (December 2003): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1361-3723(03)00006-x.

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Tanaka, Yoshiaki, Minoru Akiyama, and Takanori Uchida. "Untraceable electronic funds transfer systems." Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science) 72, no. 9 (1989): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecjc.4430720905.

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Dharma, Anak Agung Bagus Ari Satya, Anak Agung Sagung Laksmi Dewi, and Ni Made Puspasutari Ujianti. "Akibat Hukum Terjadinya Salah Transfer Dana Perbankan." Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum 3, no. 2 (March 29, 2022): 420–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.55637/jkh.3.2.4849.420-425.

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In this era of globalization, everyone is certainly no stranger to fund transfer activities. Transfer of funds is very helpful in community activities, but with the convenience of the facilities provided by the bank, of course there are risks, such as errors in transferring funds. The purpose of this research is to determine the legal knowledge of banking fund transfers and to discuss the legal consequences of errors in bank fund transfers. This research is a normative legal research supported by primary and secondary legal materials. The data collection technique in this research is to record and document. The data analysis technique is to examine books, literature and electronic media related to this research. The results of the reserach explain that UUTD no. 3 of 2011 in Article 1 point 1 regulates the definition of transfer or transfer of funds, namely an activity of transferring funds of a certain amount by the original sender to the recipient who has been mentioned in the order for the transfer of funds until it is received. And based on Article 1360 of the Civil Code, which states: "Whoever knowingly or not, receives something that does not have to be paid to him, must return it to the person who gave it". So that according to civil law, a person is obliged to return funds that are not his right from the results of an error in transferring funds that occur with a note that the bank must be able to clearly prove that the funds are not intended for the person concerned.
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Cho, George. "Electronic funds transfer: new legal issues?" International Journal of Technology Policy and Law 1, no. 2 (2012): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtpl.2012.050215.

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Lee, Chang-Woon. "A study on the Electronic Funds Transfer." Korea Financial Law Association 12, no. 1 (April 30, 2015): 265–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.15692/kjfl.12.1.9.

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Rupp, William T., and Alan D. Smith. "Electronic Funds Transfer in Faith-Based Organizations." Journal of Ministry Marketing & Management 7, no. 2 (August 2002): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j093v07n02_02.

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Brown, Brandon. "Audit and Control of Electronic Funds Transfer." EDPACS 23, no. 10 (April 1996): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07366989609451384.

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Lewis, Jacqueline. "The DOCLINE Electronic Funds Transfer System (EFTS)." Journal of Interlibrary Loan,Document Delivery & Electronic Reserve 17, no. 3 (August 1, 2007): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j474v17n03_11.

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Araújo, Carlos, Paulo Maciel, Armin Zimmermann, Ermeson Andrade, Erica Sousa, Gustavo Callou, and Paulo Cunha. "Performability modeling of electronic funds transfer systems." Computing 91, no. 4 (October 13, 2010): 315–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00607-010-0121-0.

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Mulawardhana, Rengga Aditya, and Go Lisanawati. "Tindak Pidana Terkait Akses Akun Mobile Banking dengan Mengaktifkan Kembali Simcard yang Sudah Tidak Aktif." JURNAL YUSTIKA: MEDIA HUKUM DAN KEADILAN 23, no. 02 (December 18, 2020): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24123/yustika.v23i02.3057.

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Criminal activities related to the use of the internet (cyber crime) are growing rapidly in Indonesia with various modes. This article aims to analyze one of the cases that has occurred regarding illegal access to fund transfers based on normative juridical methods. The action being studied was access to a mobile bank account using an inactive card to transfer funds. Based on this mode, two violations occurred in 2 (two) laws as well as Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions and Law Number 3 of 2011 concerning Fund Transfers. The result of this research is that perpetrators with mobile banking account access mode by using an inactive card and transferring funds can fulfill the criminal elements according to the provisions of Article 30 paragraph (3) of Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions, and can subject to criminal penalties according to Article 46 paragraph (3) of Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions, and also fulfills criminal elements according to the criminal provisions of Article 81 of Law Number 3 of 2011 concerning Fund Transfers.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electronic funds transfer"

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Abdulah, Samahir. "Legal risk associated with electronic funds transfer." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2910.

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The past thirty years have seen rapid advances in the technological component of banking services and as a consequence new legal issues have come to the fore, especially with regard to Electronic Fund Transfers (EFTs) which are now used to transfer money around the world, and have made fund transactions between payers and payees easier, faster and more secure. The method involves risks for both banks and customers, due to the possibility of unauthorized payments risks, credit and insolvency problems, and confidentiality issues. Most contracts and obligations now depend on the new technology, although there is a variety of methods for dealing with the concomitant risks. EFTs share a number of similarities with paper-based funds transfers in regard to methods of regulation, and the careful observer can identify patterns and themes. Today, the business world depends heavily on EFT systems for its procedures; and government and academia have also taken a keen interest in EFTs. This thesis reviews and examines the existing legal position of liability of banks and customers for risks associated with EFT transactions: unauthorized EFT instruction and the problem of customer identity, credit risk and privacy, especially, the systems employed for safeguarding the customer’s transactions and data. The thesis also makes recommendations for change. The rules for the allocation of risk are based on the various mechanisms used to access the account. Also, due to the complexities of EFT, consumer protection becomes a paramount goal and is a subject of much concern, particularly when it comes to determining liability for losses. The UK government implemented the Payment Services Directive 2007 by adopting the Payment Services Regulations 2009, to regulate the system. However, such Regulations do not constitute a comprehensive regime that applies to all legal issues arising in the context of the EFT system. This study argues the necessity for a re-examination of existing laws and proposes a model for the future approach to the issues associated with EFT payment. Different approaches to EFT will be assessed, and the comparative and contrasting elements will be analysed in order to propose a comprehensive solution to the deficiencies in the current framework. Central to the problem is the absence of any uniform standard: individual banks offer differing contractual terms and conditions and different means of accessing accounts. Consequently it is time to formulate new and comprehensive rules for the allocation of liability of risks associated with EFT transactions.
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Stovall, Shawn Eric. "Global electronic funds transfer between small and medium sized companies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37228.

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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 64).
Cross-border electronic funds transfer is a rapidly expanding field for business and consumer payments. Large multi-national corporations have been able to invest the capital necessary to create infrastructures or work with banking institutions to facilitate payments in the past, but small and medium sized companies were limited in their ability to utilize electronic payment systems. The growth of global business has created a need for effective payment systems for the many small and medium sized companies. The evolution of the industry is dependent on the convergence of business, technology and government regulation in order to succeed. This paper provides an overview of global funds transfer and future trends in the context of both business and consumer payments.
by Shawn Eric Stovall.
M.B.A.
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Lyons-Davis, Andrew E. "Electronic funds transfer systems and the household's transactions demand for money /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09EC/09ecl991.pdf.

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Ndlovu, Witness Nomfundo. "The regulation of electronic funds transfers : problematic aspects relating to banks liability." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77358.

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The evolution of various payment instruments shows a marked inclination away from the reliance on physical currency. This has, in turn, led to the construction of new manifestations of wealth. Due to revolution and developments of technology, payment can be made by various means such as physical delivery of conventional money (coins and bank notes) from the payer to the payee, but may also be made through tangible paying methods other than negotiable instruments such as debit or credit card or by way of electronic funds transfer. The development of payment systems makes it a reality for consumers to choose their preferred method of payment suitable for their banking needs and circumstances. Electronic funds transfer is a generic term that embraces any transfer of funds in which electronic techniques replace one or more of the steps in the process that were previously done by paper-based techniques. This includes automated teller machines, the transfer of funds at the point of sale, direct deposit or withdrawal of funds and funds initiated by telephone. The use of electronic funds transfer systems is described as the ultimate act of payment for not only is the value which is transferred reduced to a symbolic form, but the symbolic form itself is removed from the immediate possession of the parties to the transfer, payment also essentially becomes the transfer of information. Electronic funds transfer are easy and convenient to use. However, new technology has not only provided an ever-increasing range of electronic payment products, it has also had far-reaching effects on the way in which banks operate. Owing to the lack of legislation in South Africa to regulate the use of electronic funds transfer, banks rely on the law of contract and mandate to exempt themselves from liability. Therefore, the research problem that this dissertation aims to address revolves around the legal implications of electronic funds transfer, This includes the questions surrounding reversal and recovery of electronic funds transfer when payment is considered to be final and complete. Ultimately, I will attempt to address apportionment of liability between banks and consumers.
Mini Dissertation (LLM (Banking Law))--University of Pretoria 2020.
GCRA Bursary
Mercantile Law
LLM (Banking Law)
Unrestricted
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Hong, Ki Young. "Why are electronic payments preferred? : evidence from international data /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3060105.

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Davis, Albert L. "Implementation of Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)/Financial Electronic Data Interchange (FEDI) in the Department of Defense : lessons learned from private industry /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA316495.

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Nimer, Muna. "A critical examination of aspects of liability for fraudulent electronic funds transfer in English, US and EU law with particular reference to the UNCITRAL Model Law." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31094.

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This thesis argues that the scope of the originator and the originator's bank's rights, duties and liabilities for fraudulent international wholesale EFT under English law, is unpredictable and uncertain. The argument relies on analysing the law applying to fraudulent international wholesale EFT in England. This includes the general principles of contract law, agency law and the rules which apply to forged cheques, and the UK Cross-Border Credit Transfer Regulations 1999 which implemented the EU Directive on Cross-Border Credit Transfers 1997. The English law is then compared with Article 4A of the U.S. Uniform Commercial Code 1989 and the UNCITRAL Model Law in International Credit Transfer 1992. Chapter one defines EFT, and demonstrates the legal concept of fraudulent EFT in English law. This chapter focuses on the significance of authority and the problem of identity authentication under English common law. Chapter two analyses the legal nature of payment orders and the rules applying to fraudulent EFT in English and EU law. Moreover, it examines the forms and legal validity of security procedures in the context of EFT in English and EU law. Chapter three discusses the rules of the UNCITRAL Model Law and Article 4A as applied to unauthorised EFT. It focuses on the legal concept and validity of security procedures under both legal frameworks. Chapter four deals with the basis of the originator's action against the originator's bank for fraudulent EFT in English law. Chapter five considers the basis of action and freedom of contract under the UNCITRAL Model Law and Article 4A. Chapter five examines the scope of the originator's bank's liabilities for direct and consequential damages occurring as a result of fraudulent EFT under both legal frameworks.
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Andrade, Alexandre Luis de. "GetLB: uma nova arquitetura para balanceamento de carga dinâmicos em sistemas de transações eletrônicas financeiras." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2013. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3703.

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Transações eletrônicas financeiras - em inglês EFT (Electronic Funds Transfer) - representam uma realidade em expansão que impulsiona a aproximação entre consumidores e fornecedores. As transações podem ser originadas de diferentes meios de captura da informação e são transmitidas para um centro de processamento, que decodifica, executa e retorna os resultados no menor tempo possível. Em especial, a presente dissertação de mestrado está enquadrada no dia-a-dia da empresa GetNet e no balanceamento de carga sobre um de seus sistemas de processamento. O sistema em estudo dispõe atualmente de uma arquitetura na qual as transações são recebidas em um nó centralizador, representado por um chaveador Cisco, e são distribuídas para Máquinas Processadoras (MP) segundo o algoritmo de escalonamento Round Robin. Esse algoritmo é adequado para as situações onde as MP são homogêneas e o tempo de rede entre elas e o nó centralizador é também uniforme. Essa configuração pode ser restritiva para um sistema transacional que precisa estar dimensionado para atender uma empresa em expansão geográfica que use MP em diferentes localizações. Em adição, a atuação do algoritmo Round Robin permite que transações sejam repassadas para MP que já possuem alta carga de trabalho ou se encontram indisponíveis. Nesse contexto, essa dissertação descreve uma arquitetura para o sistema transacional chamada GetLB, que proporciona um balanceamento de carga a partir do chaveador com base em monitoração das máquinas de processamento. A infraestrutura GetLB propõe um novo escalonador chamado LL (Load Level). Diferente do Round Robin, para cada transação i, LL calcula n funções LL(i; j), onde j é a MP alvo e n a quantidade das mesmas. Para tal, serão verificadas as suas condições para atender à demanda conforme índices de ocupação de CPU, memória, disco e estado das filas das máquinas processadoras, entre outros. A eficiente combinação desses fatores, para o despacho de transações, configura a contribuição científica do trabalho. Assim como a eficiência em notificar o chaveador quando ocorrem eventos assíncronos no sistema, como parada ou perda de capacidade de processamento de alguma máquina. A arquitetura GetLB também visa proporcionar capacidade de operação com heterogeneidade de máquinas processadoras, possibilitando o uso de máquinas especialistas para certos tipos de transações e a integração de MPs de diferentes redes (domínios administrativos). Os resultados dos testes mostraram que GetLB é mais eficiente que Round-Robin em muitos aspectos, sobressaindo mais em situações de heterogeneidade de recursos e dinamicidade de eventos. Verificou-se também que as notificações acrescentam muito valor ao sistema, auxiliando na manutenção e melhoria contínua da solução.
Electronic financial transactions represents an expanding reality that drives the approach between consumers and suppliers. Transactions can be originated from different information’s capture terminals and are transmitted to a processing center, which decodes, executes and returns the results in the shortest time possible. In particular, this dissertation is framed in the day-to-day operations of GetNet, a network and service provider company, and load balancing on one of its processing systems. The system under study currently has an architecture in which transactions are received at a centralized node, represented by a Cisco switch, and are distributed to machines processors (MP) according to Round Robin scheduling algorithm. This algorithm is suitable for situations where the MP are homogeneous and network transfer time between them and the centralized node is also uniform. This setting can be restrictive for a transactional system that needs to be sized to meet an expanding company and uses geographic MP at different locations. In addition, the performance of Round Robin algorithm enables transactions to be passed to MP who already have high workload or are unavailable. In this context, this work describes an architecture for a transactional system called GetLB, which provides load balancing from the switch based on processing machines’s monitoring. The infrastructure GetLB proposes a new scheduler called LL (Load Level). Unlike the Round Robin, for each transaction i, LL calculates n functions LL (i, j) where j is the target MP and n quantity of machines. This will check their conditions to meet demand as occupancy rate of CPU, memory, disk, and state of the queues of processing machines, among others. The efficient mix of these factors to dispatch transactions, sets the scientific work. As well as the efficiency to notify the switch when asynchronous events occur in the system, such as stopping or loss of processing capacity of some machine. The architecture also aims to provide GetLB operation capability with heterogeneous processing machines, enabling the use of machinery specialists for certain types of transactions and the integration of MPs from different networks (administrative domains). The test results showed that GetLB is more efficient than Round-Robin in many aspects and stand out in case of heterogeneous resources and dynamic events. It was also found that the notifications adds much value to system, assisting in the maintenance and continuous solution’s improvement
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Marais, Terrence K. "Electronic payment and security on the Internet." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52819.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The greatest potential worry that an on-line shopper has is what happens to his/her credit card details from the moment "submit" is pressed on the computer. Is it possible for someone on the Internet to intercept the message and use credit card details maliciously? Also, there is a lot of talk about personal details being encrypted, but how sure is one that this was indeed the case once "submit" has been pressed? Is there a way in which one can be sure that a transaction will occur only once? Many of the security issues are new and many experts are only learning how to deal with these now. This thesis offers suggestions and strategies a user can follow to minimize misuse and abuse of payment details. Electronic payment is the backbone of e-commerce, and the biggest threat towards widespread acceptance and usage of e-commerce is security. Many innovative solutions have been developed by vendors to address security issues. For example, the Secure Electronic Transfer (SET) protocol was developed to ensure that credit card transactions could be conducted safely and securely on the Internet. Secure Socket Layer (SSL) ensures that all communications and transactions are conducted in a tightly secure environment. This is critical for online or mobile banking and other financial activities. Others developments include payment systems that ensure that credit card details are never exposed to a merchant (e.g. SET), while some ensure that credit card numbers never enter the Internet. The five corner stones of security are confidentiality, privacy, authentication, integrity and non-repudiation. Authentication, non-repudiation and integrity can be resolved with digital certificates, digital timestamps and digital signatures. Message confidentiality, on the other hand, is ensured through the use of strong encryption. Encryption systems mutilate data or a message to such an extent that it is totally useless to someone who does not have the appropriate algorithm and key to decode it. The most widely used encryption schemes are the secret key and public key encryption systems. The public key cryptosystem generates two keys, called a public and private key. The public key can be made generally known, but the private key must be kept secret. A unique property of the scheme is that once data is encrypted with one key, only the corresponding other key of the pair can decrypt it. This makes it possible to address issues of authentication, integrity and non-repudiation. Traditional payment instruments such as cash, cheques, debit and credit card transactions are being replaced by their electronic equivalents. The driving forces behind these are transactional security, efficiency and speed. Novel payment solutions and strategies have been devised to meet the challenges of this new economy. For example, smart cards can act as an electronic purse that can hold electronic money. Other information, such as personal details, medical records, driver's licence, etc. can also be stored on the card. Whilst many security experts are in agreement that security is not a barrier anymore for wider usage of the Internet for financial transactions, many consumers are still apprehensive about how secure and safe it really is. This work aims to diminish those fears and show that the Internet is safe for business.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Een van die grootste bekommernisse wat 'n kliënt met aankope op die Internet kan ondervind, is die onsekerheid wat presies gebeur nadat betalings aangegaan is en "Submit" is gedruk. Is dit moontlik dat iemand die boodskap kan onderskep en betaling besonderhede vir eie gebruik kan herwin? Daar is ook baie publisiteit oor kodifisering, maar hoe kan die klient verseker wees dat betalings besonderhede wel gekodifiseer is wanneer "Submit" gedruk was? Is daar 'n manier waarmee 'n mens verseker kan wees dat betaling slegs eenkeer gaan geskied? Baie van die sekuriteits lokvalle is nuut en sekuritiets kenners is tans besig om te leer hoe om die probleme te hanteer. Die werkstuk offer wenke en strategieë vir die verbruiker om die misbruik van betaling besondehede op die Internet te minimiseer. Elektronies betalings meganisme is die ruggraat van elektroniese besigheid, en die grootste struikelblok tot die grootskaalse gebruik daarvan is sekuriteit. Daar is baie innoverende oplossings om die probleme hok te slaan. By voorbeeld, die Secure Electronic Transfer (SET) protokol was ontwikkel om te verseker dat betalings met kredietkaart met hoë sekuriteit en veiligheid aangegaan kan word. Secure Socket Layers (SSL), verseker dat alle kommunikasies en transaksies in 'n sekuur en veilige omgewing plaasvind. Dit is veral krities wanneer die verbruiker gebruik maak van die Internet of vanaf selfone om transaksies aan te gaan met 'n bank. Ander ontwikkelinge sluit in betalings metodes wat verseker dat die handelaar nooit die kredietkaart besonderhede sien nie (bv. SET). Ander verseker weer dat die betalings besonderhede nooit oor die Internet hoef gestuur te word nie. Die vyf hoekstene van sekuriteit is konfidensialiteit, privaatheid, outentisiteit, integriteit en non-repudiasie. Outentisiteit, integriteit en non-repudiasie word opgelos deur die gebruik maak van digitale sertifikate, digitale tydstempels en digitale handtekeninge. Konfidensialiteit kan verseker word deur die boodskap te kodifiseer. Kodifikasie behels die verandering van data of boodskappe op so 'n wyse dat dit van geen betekenis is vir 'n persoon wat nie die korrekte algoritme en sleutel het om dit te dekodifiseer nie. Die geheime en publieke kodifiserings stelsels word die meeste gebruik om data te kodifiseer. Die publieke kodifiserings stelsel genereer twee sleutels, naamlik 'n privaat en publieke sleutel. Die publieke sleutel kan alom bekend gemaak word, maar die private sleutel moet slegs bekend wees aan sy gebruiker. 'n Unieke eienskap van die stelsel is dat indien 'n boodskap gekodifiseer is met een sleutel, slegs die ander sleutel van die paar dit sal kan dekodifiseer. Dit maak dit moontlik om outentisiteit, integriteit en non-repudiasie toe te pas. Die tradisionele metodes van betaling soos kontant, tjek en debiet of kredietkaart, gaan mettertyd vervang word deur hul elektroniese eweknie. Die dryfkrag agter die verskynsel is die hoë sekuriteit, doeltreffendheid en spoed waarmee transaksies op die manier gehanteer kan word. Vindingryke betaling metodes is ontdek om die besondere uitdagings van die nuwe ekonomie aan te speek. Byvoorbeeld, knap kaarte kan gebruik word as 'n elektroniese beursie wat elektroniese geld bêre. Ander persoonlike inligting, mediese records, bestuurlisensies, ens. kan ook op die kaart geberg word. Terwyl baie sekuriteits kenners glo dat sekuriteit nie meer 'n stuikelblok is om die Internet vir besigheids transaksies te gebruik nie, bly baie van die verbruikers skepties. Die werkstuk se doel is om daardie onsekerhede uit die weg te ruim, deur te verduidelik hoe sekuriteit toe gepas word, en om te bewys dat die Internet interdaad veilig is as a medium vir besigheids transaksies.
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Algudah, Fayyad. "The liability of banks in electronic fund transfer transaction." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/1902.

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The liability of banks in electronic fund transfer (EFT) transactions is discussed in this thesis under the British and the United States law. The thesis covers banks’ liability in electronic credit and debit transfers. It covers banks’ liability in Electronic Fund Transfer at the Point Of Sale (EFTPOS), Automatic Teller Machines (ATM) and home and office banking. Liability of banks in credit card transactions and cheque truncation falls outside the scope of this thesis. In the absence of British legislation in this area, an analogy is made with the traditional methods of payment. An attempt is also made to extract the applicable rules from the general principles of law and the banking practice. The discussion, under the United States law, relies on analysing the Electronic Fund Transfer Act of 1978 and Article 4A of the Uniform Commercial Code, which concern banks’ liability in consumer and commercially based EFT transactions. The thesis starts by analysing the legal nature of payment orders. In particular, whether a payment order is a negotiable instrument, a creation of trust funds, an assignation or merely a mandate from a customer to his bank. Chapter two discusses banks’ liability for failure to make an EFT transaction. This encompasses banks’ liability for complete failure to effect an EFT transaction and for improper implementation of such a transaction. Chapter three discusses the right to stop payment, completion of payment, irrevocability and banks’ liability for failure to stop payment. Chapter four discusses banks’ liability for erroneous EFT transactions. This includes allocation of losses resulting from errors in payment orders and errors committed by banks during the execution process of such orders. Chapter five discusses banks’ liability for unauthorised EFT transactions. Issues such as authentication of payment orders, security measures adopted by banks and allocation of losses resulting from unauthorised transactions are discussed in this chapter. Chapter six discusses the recoverability of damages for banks’ failure to implement customers’ instructions properly. It discusses what measures of damages are applicable in certain situations such as banks’ complete failure to make an EFT transaction, failure to transfer funds on time etc. The thesis is completed by summary and conclusion.
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Books on the topic "Electronic funds transfer"

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Electronic funds transfer. London: Butterworths, 1988.

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Peterson, Lorna. Electronic funds transfer systems: A bibliography. Monticello, Ill., USA: Vance Bibliographies, 1988.

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Tien, James M. Electronic fund transfer systems fraud. Boulder, Colo: Paladin Press, 1989.

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Johnson, Milan E. Controls for wire transfer funds. Atlanta, Ga: LOMA, 1986.

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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Committee on Consumer Policy., ed. Electronic funds transfer: Plastic cards and the consumer. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1989.

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Tien, James M. Electronic fund transfer systems fraud: Computer crime. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1986.

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American Bar Association. UCC Committee. Working Group on Electronic Financial Services., ed. Model funds transfer services agreement and commentary. Chicago, Ill: Business Law Section, American Bar Association, 1994.

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Baker, Donald I. The law of electronic fund transfer systems. 2nd ed. Boston: Warren, Gorham & Lamont, 1988.

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Woehrle, William. The accredited ACH professional handbook: ACH--an overview. Herndon, VA (607 Herndon Pkwy., Suite 200, Herndon 22070): National Automated Clearing House Association, 1993.

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Kirkman, P. R. A. Electronic funds transfer systems: The revolution in cashless banking and payment methods. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Electronic funds transfer"

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Jensen, Kurt. "Electronic Funds Transfer System." In Coloured Petri Nets, 189–201. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60794-3_14.

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Weik, Martin H. "electronic funds transfer system." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 501. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_5976.

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Willain, Jean, Pierrot Baesens, Joël Sanzot, and Stef van Vlierberghe. "Real time electronic funds transfer and Ada." In Ada: The Choice for '92, 199–209. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0018497.

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Asaadi, Hamid Reza, Ramtin Khosravi, MohammadReza Mousavi, and Neda Noroozi. "Towards Model-Based Testing of Electronic Funds Transfer Systems." In Fundamentals of Software Engineering, 253–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29320-7_17.

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Seo, Moonseog, and Kwangjo Kim. "Electronic Funds Transfer Protocol Using Domain-Verifiable Signcryption Scheme." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 269–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10719994_21.

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Arbeit, Stanley, and Joseph G. Glynn. "Strategic Market Evaluation of Two Retail Electronic Funds Transfer Systems (EFTS)." In Proceedings of the 1986 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference, 264–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11101-8_56.

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Karim, Yasser, and Ragib Hasan. "Taming the Digital Bandits: An Analysis of Digital Bank Heists and a System for Detecting Fake Messages in Electronic Funds Transfer." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 193–210. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58703-1_12.

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Solomon, Elinor Harris. "Introduction." In Electronic Funds Transfers and Payments: The Public Policy Issues, 1–11. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7738-0_1.

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Solomon, Elinor Harris. "EFT: A Consumer’s View." In Electronic Funds Transfers and Payments: The Public Policy Issues, 211–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7738-0_10.

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Henderson, Paul B. "Modern Money." In Electronic Funds Transfers and Payments: The Public Policy Issues, 17–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7738-0_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Electronic funds transfer"

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Nascimento, Tiago, Cristiano Andre da Costa, and Rodrigo da Rosa Righi. "LoadEFT: Efficient scheduler proposal for electronic funds transfer companies." In 2014 XL Latin American Computing Conference (CLEI). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/clei.2014.6965134.

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da Rosa Righi, Rodrigo, Cristiano André da Costa, Luiz Gonzaga, Kleinner Farias, Alexandre Luis Andrade, and Lucas Graebin. "Redesigning transaction load balancing on electronic funds transfer scenarios." In SAC 2014: Symposium on Applied Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2554850.2555121.

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Sousa, Erica, Paulo Maciel, Carlos Araujo, Gabriel Alves, and Fabio Chicout. "Performance modeling for evaluation and planning of Electronic Funds Transfer Systems." In 2009 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscc.2009.5202403.

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Liang, Pengcheng, and John Bigham. "A Taxonomy of Electronic Funds Transfer Domain Intrusions and its Feasibility Converting into Ontology." In 2006 Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apcc.2006.255948.

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Araújo, Carlos, Erica Sousa, Paulo Maciel, Fábio Chicout, and Ermeson Andrade. "Performance Modeling for Evaluation and Planning of Electronic Funds Transfer Systems with Bursty Arrival Traffic." In 2009 First International Conference on Intensive Applications and Services (INTENSIVE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intensive.2009.17.

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Sharma, Viiay Kumar, Pratistha Mathur, and Devesh Kumar Srivastava. "Secure Electronic Fund Transfer Model based on Two level Authentication." In 2018 Second International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceca.2018.8474883.

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Venkatesh, Gotimukul, Sunkara Venu Gopal, Mrudula Meduri, and C. Sindhu. "Application of session login and one time password in fund transfer system using RSA algorithm." In 2017 International Conference of Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceca.2017.8212763.

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Reports on the topic "Electronic funds transfer"

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Bridges, W. M., and Bruce J. Kaplan. Implementation of Electronic Funds Transfer for Transportation Vendor Payment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada251446.

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Payment Systems Report - June of 2021. Banco de la República, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2021.

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Banco de la República provides a comprehensive overview of Colombia’s finan¬cial infrastructure in its Payment Systems Report, which is an important product of the work it does to oversee that infrastructure. The figures published in this edition of the report are for the year 2020, a pandemic period in which the con¬tainment measures designed and adopted to alleviate the strain on the health system led to a sharp reduction in economic activity and consumption in Colom¬bia, as was the case in most countries. At the start of the pandemic, the Board of Directors of Banco de la República adopted decisions that were necessary to supply the market with ample liquid¬ity in pesos and US dollars to guarantee market stability, protect the payment system and preserve the supply of credit. The pronounced growth in mone¬tary aggregates reflected an increased preference for liquidity, which Banco de la República addressed at the right time. These decisions were implemented through operations that were cleared and settled via the financial infrastructure. The second section of this report, following the introduction, offers an analysis of how the various financial infrastructures in Colombia have evolved and per¬formed. One of the highlights is the large-value payment system (CUD), which registered more momentum in 2020 than during the previous year, mainly be¬cause of an increase in average daily remunerated deposits made with Banco de la República by the General Directorate of Public Credit and the National Treasury (DGCPTN), as well as more activity in the sell/buy-back market with sovereign debt. Consequently, with more activity in the CUD, the Central Securi¬ties Depository (DCV) experienced an added impetus sparked by an increase in the money market for bonds and securities placed on the primary market by the national government. The value of operations cleared and settled through the Colombian Central Counterparty (CRCC) continues to grow, propelled largely by peso/dollar non-deliverable forward (NDF) contracts. With respect to the CRCC, it is important to note this clearing house has been in charge of managing risks and clearing and settling operations in the peso/dollar spot market since the end of last year, following its merger with the Foreign Exchange Clearing House of Colombia (CCDC). Since the final quarter of 2020, the CRCC has also been re¬sponsible for clearing and settlement in the equities market, which was former¬ly done by the Colombian Stock Exchange (BVC). The third section of this report provides an all-inclusive view of payments in the market for goods and services; namely, transactions carried out by members of the public and non-financial institutions. During the pandemic, inter- and intra-bank electronic funds transfers, which originate mostly with companies, increased in both the number and value of transactions with respect to 2019. However, debit and credit card payments, which are made largely by private citizens, declined compared to 2019. The incidence of payment by check contin¬ue to drop, exhibiting quite a pronounced downward trend during the past last year. To supplement to the information on electronic funds transfers, section three includes a segment (Box 4) characterizing the population with savings and checking accounts, based on data from a survey by Banco de la República con-cerning the perception of the use of payment instruments in 2019. There also is segment (Box 2) on the growth in transactions with a mobile wallet provided by a company specialized in electronic deposits and payments (Sedpe). It shows the number of users and the value of their transactions have increased since the wallet was introduced in late 2017, particularly during the pandemic. In addition, there is a diagnosis of the effects of the pandemic on the payment patterns of the population, based on data related to the use of cash in circu¬lation, payments with electronic instruments, and consumption and consumer confidence. The conclusion is that the collapse in the consumer confidence in¬dex and the drop in private consumption led to changes in the public’s pay¬ment patterns. Credit and debit card purchases were down, while payments for goods and services through electronic funds transfers increased. These findings, coupled with the considerable increase in cash in circulation, might indicate a possible precautionary cash hoarding by individuals and more use of cash as a payment instrument. There is also a segment (in Focus 3) on the major changes introduced in regulations on the retail-value payment system in Colombia, as provided for in Decree 1692 of December 2020. The fourth section of this report refers to the important innovations and tech¬nological changes that have occurred in the retail-value payment system. Four themes are highlighted in this respect. The first is a key point in building the financial infrastructure for instant payments. It involves of the design and im¬plementation of overlay schemes, a technological development that allows the various participants in the payment chain to communicate openly. The result is a high degree of interoperability among the different payment service providers. The second topic explores developments in the international debate on central bank digital currency (CBDC). The purpose is to understand how it could impact the retail-value payment system and the use of cash if it were to be issued. The third topic is related to new forms of payment initiation, such as QR codes, bio¬metrics or near field communication (NFC) technology. These seemingly small changes can have a major impact on the user’s experience with the retail-value payment system. The fourth theme is the growth in payments via mobile tele¬phone and the internet. The report ends in section five with a review of two papers on applied research done at Banco de la República in 2020. The first analyzes the extent of the CRCC’s capital, acknowledging the relevant role this infrastructure has acquired in pro¬viding clearing and settlement services for various financial markets in Colom¬bia. The capital requirements defined for central counterparties in some jurisdic¬tions are explored, and the risks to be hedged are identified from the standpoint of the service these type of institutions offer to the market and those associated with their corporate activity. The CRCC’s capital levels are analyzed in light of what has been observed in the European Union’s regulations, and the conclusion is that the CRCC has a scheme of security rings very similar to those applied internationally and the extent of its capital exceeds what is stipulated in Colombian regulations, being sufficient to hedge other risks. The second study presents an algorithm used to identify and quantify the liquidity sources that CUD’s participants use under normal conditions to meet their daily obligations in the local financial market. This algorithm can be used as a tool to monitor intraday liquidity. Leonardo Villar Gómez Governor
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Payment Systems Report - June of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2020.

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With its annual Payment Systems Report, Banco de la República offers a complete overview of the infrastructure of Colombia’s financial market. Each edition of the report has four objectives: 1) to publicize a consolidated account of how the figures for payment infrastructures have evolved with respect to both financial assets and goods and services; 2) to summarize the issues that are being debated internationally and are of interest to the industry that provides payment clearing and settlement services; 3) to offer the public an explanation of the ideas and concepts behind retail-value payment processes and the trends in retail payments within the circuit of individuals and companies; and 4) to familiarize the public, the industry, and all other financial authorities with the methodological progress that has been achieved through applied research to analyze the stability of payment systems. This edition introduces changes that have been made in the structure of the report, which are intended to make it easier and more enjoyable to read. The initial sections in this edition, which is the eleventh, contain an analysis of the statistics on the evolution and performance of financial market infrastructures. These are understood as multilateral systems wherein the participating entities clear, settle and register payments, securities, derivatives and other financial assets. The large-value payment system (CUD) saw less momentum in 2019 than it did the year before, mainly because of a decline in the amount of secondary market operations for government bonds, both in cash and sell/buy-backs, which was offset by an increase in operations with collective investment funds (CIFs) and Banco de la República’s operations to increase the money supply (repos). Consequently, the Central Securities Depository (DCV) registered less activity, due to fewer negotiations on the secondary market for public debt. This trend was also observed in the private debt market, as evidenced by the decline in the average amounts cleared and settled through the Central Securities Depository of Colombia (Deceval) and in the value of operations with financial derivatives cleared and settled through the Central Counterparty of Colombia (CRCC). Section three offers a comprehensive look at the market for retail-value payments; that is, transactions made by individuals and companies. During 2019, electronic transfers increased, and payments made with debit and credit cards continued to trend upward. In contrast, payments by check continued to decline, although the average daily value was almost four times the value of debit and credit card purchases. The same section contains the results of the fourth survey on how the use of retail-value payment instruments (for usual payments) is perceived. Conducted at the end of 2019, the main purpose of the survey was to identify the availability of these payment instruments, the public’s preferences for them, and their acceptance by merchants. It is worth noting that cash continues to be the instrument most used by the population for usual monthly payments (88.1% with respect to the number of payments and 87.4% in value). However, its use in terms of value has declined, having registered 89.6% in the 2017 survey. In turn, the level of acceptance by merchants of payment instruments other than cash is 14.1% for debit cards, 13.4% for credit cards, 8.2% for electronic transfers of funds and 1.8% for checks. The main reason for the use of cash is the absence of point-of-sale terminals at commercial establishments. Considering that the retail-payment market worldwide is influenced by constant innovation in payment services, by the modernization of clearing and settlement systems, and by the efforts of regulators to redefine the payment industry for the future, these trends are addressed in the fourth section of the report. There is an account of how innovations in technology-based financial payment services have developed, and it shows that while this topic is not new, it has evolved, particularly in terms of origin and vocation. One of the boxes that accompanies the fourth section deals with certain payment aspects of open banking and international experience in that regard, which has given the customers of a financial entity sovereignty over their data, allowing them, under transparent and secure conditions, to authorize a third party, other than their financial entity, to request information on their accounts with financial entities, thus enabling the third party to offer various financial services or initiate payments. Innovation also has sparked interest among international organizations, central banks, and research groups concerning the creation of digital currencies. Accordingly, the last box deals with the recent international debate on issuance of central bank digital currencies. In terms of the methodological progress that has been made, it is important to underscore the work that has been done on the role of central counterparties (CCPs) in mitigating liquidity and counterparty risk. The fifth section of the report offers an explanation of a document in which the work of CCPs in financial markets is analyzed and corroborated through an exercise that was built around the Central Counterparty of Colombia (CRCC) in the Colombian market for non-delivery peso-dollar forward exchange transactions, using the methodology of network topology. The results provide empirical support for the different theoretical models developed to study the effect of CCPs on financial markets. Finally, the results of research using artificial intelligence with information from the large-value payment system are presented. Based on the payments made among financial institutions in the large-value payment system, a methodology is used to compare different payment networks, as well as to determine which ones can be considered abnormal. The methodology shows signs that indicate when a network moves away from its historical trend, so it can be studied and monitored. A methodology similar to the one applied to classify images is used to make this comparison, the idea being to extract the main characteristics of the networks and use them as a parameter for comparison. Juan José Echavarría Governor
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