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Journal articles on the topic 'Electronic injection'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

E, Abonyi Sylvester, Isidore Uju Uche, and Okafor Anthony A. "Performance of Fuel Electronic Injection Engine Systems." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-1 (December 31, 2017): 1165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd8211.

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2

Martins Ferreira Morais, Lenin, Pedro Francisco Donoso-Garcia, Seleme Isaac Seleme Júnior, and Porfírio Cabalero Cortizo. "Harmonics injection in HPS electronic ballast with modulation index control." Eletrônica de Potência 18, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 815–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18618/rep.2013.1.815822.

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3

Yang, Tie Zao, Hai Bo Xue, Chang Sheng Wang, Xin Yang Wang, and Lei Yuan. "Research on Fitting Method for Flow Characteristics of Small Injection Pulse Width of Injector." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 3421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.3421.

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Due to the fact that it is generally difficult to accurately calculate the nonlinear section of flow characteristics curve of small injection pulse width of electronic control injector, it is impossible for electronic control unit (ECU) to accurately control fuel injection quantity when the small engine such as motorcycle is under a working condition of idle speed or small load. This paper introduces the principle and method to make a fitting for flow characteristics of nonlinear section in the developed software system in details. Take the electronic control injector of motorcycle as an example, the programming method combined with LabVIEW and MATLAB is utilized to make a fitting treatment for accurate fuel injection quantity obtained via measuring single-chip microcomputer through Smoothing Spline method, so as to obtain the flow characteristics of small injection pulse width and normal injection pulse width of electronic control injector of motorcycle.

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4

Xu, Dan, Qing Yang, Xiaodong An, Baigang Sun, Dongwei Wu, and Zhihao Zhang. "Experimental investigation of dwell time characteristics in high-pressure double-solenoid-valve fuel injection system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 13 (January 12, 2019): 3281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018822423.

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The double-solenoid-valve fuel injection system consists of an electronic unit pump and an electronic injector. It can realize the separate control of fuel supply and injection and has the advantages of adjusting pressure by cycle and flexible controlling of the injection rate. The interval angle between the pilot and main injection directly affects the action degree and the characteristics of two adjacent injections, affecting engine performance. This work realizes multiple injection processes on the test platform of a high-pressure double-solenoid-valve fuel injection system, with maximum injection pressure reaching 200 MPa. In this study, the interval between driven current signal of pilot injection termination and that of main injection initiation is defined as the signal interval (DT1), whereas the interval between pilot injection termination and main injection initiation is defined as the injection interval (DT2). The differences between the signal and the injection intervals are calculated, and the variation rule of the difference with respect to the signal interval is analyzed. Results show that the variation rule of the difference with the signal interval first decreases, then increases, and finally decreases. The variation rule of the delay angle from the start of needle movement to the start of fuel injection is found to be the root cause of this rule. The influence of the injection pressure on needle deformation and fuel flow rate of the nozzle results in the variation rule. In addition, the influence of the cam speed, temperature, and pipe length on the difference between the signal and injection interval is determined. This research provides guidance for an optimal control strategy of the fuel injection process.

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5

Li, Xiao Yan, Zhen Dong Zhang, Hao Qian, and Qiang Cheng. "CFD Numerical Simulation of Internal Flow for Electronic Gasoline Injector." Applied Mechanics and Materials 97-98 (September 2011): 745–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.97-98.745.

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There is increasing demand for a finer atomization of fuel spray in order to improve the engine performance and mileage, reduce exhaust emissions and then improve the transient response. In general, for an engine to comply with this demand, exhaust turbocharger and EGR are necessary especially electronic fuel injection system. As a key part of electronic fuel injection system, the performances of electronic gasoline injector improve the engine power outlet and fuel economy. In other words, electronic gasoline injector can achieve a wonderful dynamic response to improve the combustion process and reduce the exhaust emissions in engine. The aim of this paper is to define a CFD methodology for the simulation of gasoline injector. A two-step work procedure has been adopted. First, three-dimensional computational models of gasoline injector with two kinds of valve seat are created. Then, the simulations are conducted for different geometric parameters of nozzles with properly initialized. The results are used to analysis pressure distribution and the changes of average velocity in the nozzles.

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6

Wang, T. C., J. S. Han, X. B. Xie, M. C. Lai, N. A. Henein, E. Schwarz, and W. Bryzik. "Parametric Characterization of High-Pressure Diesel Fuel Injection Systems." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 125, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 412–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1498268.

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The focus of the study described herein is the characterization of the high-pressure hydraulic electronic unit injector (HEUI) and of the electronic unit injector (EUI) diesel injection systems. The characterization items include injection pressure, injection rate, injector response time, needle lift, start up injection transient, and dynamic discharge coefficient of the nozzles. Macroscopic and microscopic spray visualizations were also performed. The effects of injection conditions and nozzle configurations on injection characteristics were reviewed. Nozzle sac pressure was measured to correlate with the up-stream injection pressure. A LabVIEW data acquisition and controls system was implemented to operate the injection systems and to acquire and analyze data. For an HEUI system, based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that common-rail pressure and length of the injection rate-shaping pipe determine the injection pressure, while the pressure rising rate and injection duration determine the peak injection pressure; it was also found that the nozzle flow area, common-rail pressure, and the length of the rate-shaping pipe are the dominating parameters that control the injection rate, and the rate shape is affected mainly by common-rail pressure, especially the pressure rising rate and length of the rate-shaping pipe. Both injection pressure and ambient pressure affected the spray tip penetration significantly. The penetration increased corresponding to the increase of injection pressure or decrease of ambient pressure. The variation of spray penetration depends on the type of injection system, nozzle configuration, and ambient pressure. The large penetration variation observed on the HEUI sprays could be caused by eccentricity of the VCO (valve-covered-orifices) nozzle. The variation of the mini-sac nozzle was 50% less than that of the VCO nozzle. The near-field spray behavior was shown to be highly transient and strongly depended on injector design, nozzle configuration, needle lift and oscillation, and injection pressure.

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7

Setyaningsih, Tunggul Sri Agus, and Hesti Wahyuni. "Electronic Games to Reduce Child Pain Levels With Injection of Circumcision Anesthesia." Media Keperawatan Indonesia 3, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/mki.3.2.2020.75-80.

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Circumcision is an action done by removing the skin that covers the tip of the penis. The pain will be felt during the child is injected circumcision anesthesia. This can make the child uncooperative, making it difficult for the procedure to be performed. Electronic games are one of the non-pharmacological management to reduce pain in children. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of the use of electronic games on the level of pain in children undergoing circumcision anesthetic injection. This research uses quantitative method, quasi-experimental research with one group pretest-posttest design. The technique used is an accidental sampling. The study was conducted on 17 children who performed circumcision anesthesia injections in Klinik Kencana Medika Rancaekek Bandung. Pain response is measured using the Faces Pain Rating Scale. These results indicate that there are significant differences with p-value <0.001 and alpha significance value £ 0.05. Based on the results of the study showed the use of electronic games affects the level of pain in children who performed injection circumcision anesthesia. Electronic games can reduce the level of pain in children who undergo injection of circumcision anesthesia. It is hoped that the use of electronic games can be done on factors that affect the level of pain.

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8

Alexa, Vasile, Sorin Ratiu, and Imre Kiss. "Laboratory assembly for analysis of fuel injection systems in the modern internal combustion engines." Analecta Technica Szegedinensia 8, no. 1 (January 11, 2014): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2014.1.54-58.

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The complexity of the processes taking place in a system of fuel injection management for an internal combustion engine requires extra effort for a proper understanding of the operating principles. This paper is intended to be an intuitive practical application able to simulate the complex electronic control of injection, through a PC and specialized software. The application provides an intuitive and friendly analysis of the processes occurring during the operation of an injection computer. Moreover, the system allows the determination of the gasoline amount injected by the various types of fuel injectors, in a certain period of time and at different pressures of the fuel, depending on the load, speed and thermal regime of the engine. The laboratory assembly for a fuel injection system is intended as an experimental stand with exclusive didactical applicability. We want to observe the main characteristics of a fuel feeding and injection system, as the identification of components for the control system, data acquisition system and fuel injection system, the analysis of the different types of signals that can be used to actuate the injectors, the establishing the principles of injector operation in accordance with the control electronics, the visualization of the injection cadence and amount injected, depending on the engine speed and load, the programming of injection computers etc.

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9

Yang, Tie Zao, Hai Bo Xue, Hong Jie Zhao, and Lei Yuan. "Research on Software Development of Flow Characteristic Measuring System of Motorcycle Electronic Injector." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 1627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.1627.

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Flow characteristic of motorcycle electronic injector is one of the most important factors to determine the electronic control system design, and directly affects the accuracy of fuel control unit of the motorcycle engine. Combined with the LabVIEW software programming, the experiment on research and development of electronic injector could control the lower computer rapidly and conveniently. As well it could accurately obtain the flow characteristics of small injection pulse width and the normal one of motorcycle electronic injector. It will achieve the goal of high efficiency, fast and accurate measurement of flow characteristic of motorcycle electric injector.

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10

de Figueiredo, Eduardo Costa, Leandro Ruela de Souza, Cristiana Schmidt de Magalhães, Célio Wisniewski, and Pedro Orival Luccas. "A Homemade Autosampler/Injector Commutator for Flow Injection Analysis." Journal of Automated Methods and Management in Chemistry 2006 (2006): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/jammc/2006/42987.

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An autosampler/injector commutator for flow injection analysis (FIA) was constructed with electronic components of used equipments. The apparatus is controlled by commercially available multifunctional interface (PCL711B) connected to a personal computer, and the software was written in Visual Basic language. The system was applied to water analysis and it presented satisfactory results. The low cost and simplicity are the principal characteristics of the autosampler/injector commutator.

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11

Gregg, J. F., R. P. Borges, E. Jouguelet, C. L. Dennis, I. Petej, S. M. Thompson, and K. Ounadjela. "Spin injection efficiency in spin electronic devices." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 265, no. 3 (October 2003): 274–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-8853(03)00276-2.

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12

Handoyono, Nurcholish Arifin, Rabiman Rabiman, Samsul Hadi, and Dianna Ratnawati. "Pelatihan Otomotif Bidang EFI (Electronic Fuel Injection)." Abdimas Dewantara 2, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.30738/ad.v2i2.4368.

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13

Wylie, Philip L., Richard J. Phillips, Kenneth J. Klein, Michael Q. Thompson, and Bruce W. Hermann. "Improving splitless injection with electronic pressure programming." Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 14, no. 10 (October 1991): 649–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240141003.

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14

S�nateur, J.-P., Catherine Dubourdieu, Fran�ois Weiss, M. Rosina, and A. Abrutis. "Pulsed injection MOCVD of functional electronic oxides." Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 10, no. 3-5 (2000): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-0712(200005/10)10:3/5<155::aid-amo406>3.0.co;2-2.

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15

Chen, Li Dan, and Huang Xiang Shan. "Fuel Injector Design Based on 2D Technology." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 1943–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.1943.

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Through the discussion of main shortages of the high-speed electromagnetic valve used in electronic fuel injection system, the author introduced a new design thought of fuel injector based on 2D technology. Axial displacement of controlling valve was used to control the volume of gushing oil, while radial revolution of spool valve was used to change the time of injection. Additionally, mathematic modeling and MATLAB simulating indicated that, the injector designed based on 2D technology acquired the advantages of quick response and also realized the ideal shape of fuel injection rate.

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16

Hidayat, Rahmat, Dwi Sudarno Putra, and Irma Yulia Basri. "Design of Microcontroller Based Injector Test Kit." MOTIVECTION : Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Industrial Engineering 1, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.46574/motivection.v1i1.12.

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Automotive technology is growing very rapidly. one of the conventional fuel intake systems to the injection system. where is the fuel intake by the ECU based on engine conditions detected by electronic sensors. The injection will work optimally if the injector that is working is not blocked or has problems, the injector determines the smoothness of the injection system. If the injector's performance is less than optimal, the injection system is not optimal and the engine performance is disrupted. To maintain the injector before working optimally, routine cleaning of the injector is carried out, the problem is the scarcity of the injector test equipment encountered in the field because of the high cost of the equipment, therefore the researchers innovated the design of the injector test equipment using EFI fuel system capable of handling problematic injector problems and the scarcity of this tool in the field.

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17

Liao, Huan, Yue Dong Sun, and Ping Zhou. "Design and Research of Engine Electronic Fuel Injection Simulation Experimental Platform." Applied Mechanics and Materials 494-495 (February 2014): 184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.184.

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To complete experimental platform for electronic fuel injection simulation, an electronic control system has been built. The system, which can control the fuel injection of engine precisely, connects the sensors, ECU, and the actuator device with buses. After testing the electronic fuel injection simulation experimental platform, we make the MAP with the data of experiment. The data is reliable, which can prove correctness of the control system, and the system can control the engines fuel injection.

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18

Frey, Philipp, Martina Heinle, Christoph Leisen, Dietmar Drummer, and Marion Merklein. "Embossing of Metal Inserts for Subsequent Assembly Injection Moulding of Media Tight Electronic Systems." Key Engineering Materials 639 (March 2015): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.639.99.

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Due to the increasing number of electronics in several industrial sectors, especially in the automotive industry, there is a rising demand for flexible and adaptable electronic systems with high functional density and resilience. An efficient method for producing such parts is the encapsulation of metal inserts, for example lead frames, by means of assembly injection moulding. Often such parts are exposed to water and moist at the place of action. Thus, one major challenge is to provide electronics with enduring media tightness in a severe environment. The research work covered in this paper focuses on embossing surface structures in metal inserts for subsequent assembly injection moulding. The influence of geometrical parameters of the embossed profile on both the material flow and the accuracy of the created structure are investigated. For this purpose experimental as well as numerical results are presented. Furthermore, the performance of embossed inserts in subsequent assembly injection moulding is analysed.

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19

Engler, C., and W. Lorenz. "Electronic Charge Density Injection in Semiconductor Interfacial Processes: Quantumchemical Proof of Injection Dynamics." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 205, Part_1 (January 1998): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/zpch.1998.205.part_1.015.

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20

REDDY, A. R., and S. K. LAHIRI. "SAW injection locking oscillator using built-in injector." International Journal of Electronics 62, no. 2 (February 1987): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207218708920974.

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21

Tanaka, Takahiro, Kouji Tsujioka, and Kouichi Tanabe. "Diesel Engine with Electronic Control Fuel Injection System." Journal of The Japan Institute of Marine Engineering 51, no. 3 (2016): 263–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime.51.263.

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22

Potter, D. J. "Waveform index evaluation using an electronic injection phantom." IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine 14, no. 1 (1995): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/51.340754.

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23

Braun, David. "Electronic injection and conduction processes for polymer devices." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 41, no. 21 (October 8, 2003): 2622–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.10654.

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24

Luo, Jiaxiu, Lixin Xiao, Zhijian Chen, Bo Qu, and Qihuang Gong. "ReOxcharge injection/blocking layers in organic electronic devices." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 43, no. 38 (September 7, 2010): 385101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/43/38/385101.

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25

Zahn, Wolfgang, Heiko Däschner, Wolfgang Layher, and Arno Kinnen. "Electronic Fuel Injection System for Handheld Working Equipment." MTZ worldwide 73, no. 9 (August 5, 2012): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38313-012-0212-8.

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26

Sun, Wen Fu, Xiao Bo Li, and Gui Xin Wang. "Simulation of Diesel Electronic Control PPVI Fuel Injection System." Key Engineering Materials 419-420 (October 2009): 693–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.419-420.693.

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The structure and properties of diesel fuel injection system directly influence the performance of diesel, and calculation and analysis are important methods to improve engine performance. So, by analyzing the structure, math models and working process theory of the electronic control PPVI fuel injection system, this paper founds initial and improved simulation models of the diesel electronic control PPVI fuel injection system, completes simulation and analysis. The simulation results show that the improved model has better cushion effect than the initial model by adding a constant pressure delivery valve between the nozzle and electromagnetic valve, what is more, the improved model can avoid the instability of the work state, such as second injection, cavitation and anomaly injection, etc., therefore, the diesel forms perfect unloading characteristic, and its performance has also been improved.

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27

Haines, S. N. M., and S. A. Shields. "The Determination of Diesel Engine Friction Characteristics by Electronic Cylinder Disablement." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power Engineering 203, no. 2 (May 1989): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1989_203_017_02.

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The use of electronically controlled unit injectors on a high-speed direct injection diesel engine has allowed the development of a new technique for measuring motoring losses. The digital engine controller is programmed to skip successive numbers of injections in a specific circulating sequence, while dynamometer load is adjusted to maintain the desired speed. The linearity between required brake torque and the proportion of disabled to normal injection cycles permits extrapolation of results to find the negative load that would be required to motor the engine at that speed. The method appears to yield more reliable results than traditional approaches, and gives hot motoring values of mean effective torque without the need for external heating or a motoring facility. The equipment and method involved are described, and readings obtained for the whole speed range are presented. These are correlated with losses estimated from pressure measurements, and compared with friction characteristics produced by alternative techniques.

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28

Fawzi, Mas, Norrizal Mustaffa, Mohd Faisal Hushim, and Shahrul Azmir Osman. "Application of Injector-Volume Ratio Values in the Development of a Fuel Injection Controller." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.595.

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The primary function of an electronic control unit (ECU) of an engine is to calculate the amount of fuel to be delivered into the combustion chamber. The injection duration and duty cycle of the injector will be based on several sensors whose signals the ECU will process to ensure the best engine running condition. However, to study new injection and combustion strategies, where such operation is unavailable in standard ECU, a custom-built fuel injection control system need to be made. This paper describes the development of a fuel injector signal controller, which is being used for internal combustion engine experiment or for the evaluation of any fuel injector static flow rate. Herewith a new term Injector-Volume Ratio (IVR) was introduced to assist the development process. Using the custom-built fuel injection controller, the static flow rate of an injector for a single cylinder 125cc motorcycle engine was determined in accordance to SAEJ1832. From the experiment, the IVR value is proven useful in choosing the right size of a fuel injector to fit any specified engine displacement of a spark ignition engine.

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29

Kumar, N. Sathish, and P. Govindasamy. "Design and Evaluation of Fuel Injector for Biodiesel Injections Using Sequential Fuel Injection." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 15, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 690–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2018.7145.

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Introducing a fuel injector is a systems for explaining fuel keep on interior combustion engine and also in the automatically engine based vehicles for this procedure need diesel engine is a necessity while using petrol engines fuel injector is an different to the carburettor, mainly this work is used in spray nozzle may be this process of a fuel comes output cars consume. Biodiesel may produce the chemical function called Tran's esterification from the vegetable oil or animal fact oil glycerine should be removed this kind of the procedure may create two chemical reaction named as methyl ester and glycerine. Biodiesel is namely called as diesel fuel it has the pure form (B100) or blended with petroleum diesel. For many kind of the cars are mechanism in internal combustion (IC) the issues expend Sequential Fuel Injector (SFI) is similar called as timed injection it can remain generates. When the subsequent intake control device unlocks individually, nozzle self-sufficient and be the consumption regulator unties.

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30

Yao, Xigui, Zhendong Zhang, Xiangdong Kong, and Congbo Yin. "Dynamic Response Analysis and Structure Optimization of GDI Injector based on Mathematical Model." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 25, no. 02 (March 6, 2018): 1850008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539318500080.

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The purpose of this research is to prevent the abnormal injection process in Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) injector, realize accurate control of the fuel injection quantity and improve the performance of gasoline engine. The mechanical characteristics of the needle valve in a porous GDI injector is analyzed, the needle dynamics model is established, and the needle oscillation process is simulated with a mechanic-electronic-hydraulic integration method with the help of AMEsim software. The validity of the model is verified. The factors that influence the dynamics of the needle valve are analyzed. The results show that the dynamics of needle movement in GDI injector are mainly affected by the seat cone angle and the moving mass of the needle valve. The comprehensively improved structure of GDI injector is proposed based on the needle oscillation analysis. The simulation results show that the dynamic characteristics in GDI injector’s needle valve can be significantly improved with the optimized new structure. The experimental results of fuel injection flow characteristic and penetration distance show that the reliability and safety of the injector has been enhanced after structure optimization.

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31

Tan, Ke Cheng, and Guan Neng Xu. "Development and Optimization System of Vehicle Electronic Fuel Injection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 1512–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.1512.

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Based on the establishment of a system of electronic control gasoline engine, we try to develop and optimize a set of electronic control fuel injection system which aims at the LJ462Q gasoline engine. At the same time, we can provide the beneficial reference for the other similar product’s design and development.

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32

Santos, I. F., and F. H. Russo. "Tilting-Pad Journal Bearings With Electronic Radial Oil Injection." Journal of Tribology 120, no. 3 (July 1, 1998): 583–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2834591.

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This paper gives a theoretical treatment of the problem of journal bearings modeling connected to electronic oil injection into the bearing gap. The feasibility of influencing the static behavior of hydrodynamic forces by means of such oil injection is investigated. The lubricant is injected into the bearing gap by two mechanisms of lubrication: the conventional hydrodynamic lubrication and through orifices distributed along the bearing surface (active lubrication in the radial direction). By controlling the pressure of the oil injection, it is possible to get large variations in the active hydrodynamic forces; such effects could be useful for reducing vibrations in rotating machines.

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33

Gong, Jian Chun, Deng Rong Zhou, Zong Biao Lu, and Zhong Fa Mao. "Based on the FTA of Electronic-Control Engine Start Fault Diagnosis Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 871–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.871.

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Based on the analysis and the induction of electronic control fuel injection engine common failure which can't start, and according to the engine’s working principle and failure mechanism, established the electronic control fuel injection engine’s fault tree, and having made qualitative analysis about the working reliability of the engine by using the fault tree analysis method. This paper offered the electronic control fuel injection engine’s failure form which can’t start in classification, discussed the process of establishing the fault tree at length, even built and mapped the engine’s fault tree which can’t start; According to the natural gas compressor’s fault tree diagram, and applying the descending method to get the fault’s minimal cut sets. By making qualitative analysis, finding out the main influence factors of failure, and putting forward quite perfect methods of removing fault, which providing electronic fuel injection engine maintenance with the beneficial reference.

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34

Chai, Bao Ming, Long Hua, and Zhi Qiang Xu. "Studying of Fuzzy Control for Fuel Injection System of Electronic Unit Integrated Pump." Advanced Materials Research 721 (July 2013): 492–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.721.492.

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Through the simulation analysis for the dynamic characteristics of supply pump cam of electronic unit integrated pump system (IEUP); using fuzzy control strategy, to design fuzzy controller, to realize integrated control of the multi-body model and the fuzzy control strategy, to analyze the working parameters of affecting dynamic characteristics of solenoid valve in Matlab/Simulink environment; using the aid of simulation software Hydsim, to establish the model of fuel injection system of electronic unit integrated pump and to analyze it; through the comprehensive analysis of the fuel injection system to get the parameters and conclusions, for the design and optimization of fuel injection system of electronic unit integrated pump and the improvement of fuel injection system of traditional diesel engine to provide theoretical support.

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35

Jubran, B. A., and M. S. Al-Haroun. "Heat Transfer Enhancement in Electronic Modules Using Various Secondary Air Injection Hole Arrangements." Journal of Heat Transfer 120, no. 2 (May 1, 1998): 342–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2824254.

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This paper reports an experimental investigation to study the effects of using various designs of secondary air injection hole arrangements on the heat transfer coefficient and the pressure drop characteristics of an array of rectangular modules at different values of free-stream Reynolds numbers in the range 8 × 103 to 2 × 104. The arrangement used is either one staggered row of simple holes or one row of compound injection holes. The pitch distances between the injection holes, as well as the injection angles, were varied in both the streamwise and spanwise directions. Generally, the presence of secondary air through the injection hole arrangement can give up to 54 percent heat transfer enhancement just downstream of the injection holes. The amount of heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop across the electronic modules is very much dependent on the design of the injection holes. The simple angle injection hole arrangement tends to give a better heat transfer enhancement and less pressure drop than the compound angle holes.

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36

Winquist, F., E. Rydberg, S. Holmin, C. Krantz-Rülcker, and I. Lundström. "Flow injection analysis applied to a voltammetric electronic tongue." Analytica Chimica Acta 471, no. 2 (November 2002): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00923-6.

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Gabriel, Ellen F. M., Rodrigo A. dos Santos, Eulício O. Lobo-Júnior, Kariolanda C. A. Rezende, and Wendell K. T. Coltro. "Hydrodynamic injection on electrophoresis microchips using an electronic micropipette." Talanta 162 (January 2017): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2016.09.046.

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Terreni, P., and R. Gentili. "Closed-loop electronic fuel injection for spark-ignited engines." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 35, no. 1 (February 1986): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/t-vt.1986.24066.

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Foran, Ian, Nikhil R. Oak, and Matthew J. Meunier. "High-Pressure Injection Injury Caused by Electronic Cigarette Explosion." JBJS Case Connector 7, no. 2 (June 2017): e36-e36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.cc.16.00177.

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Kilian, K. A., and R. H. Victora. "Electronic structure of Ni2MnIn for use in spin injection." Journal of Applied Physics 87, no. 9 (May 2000): 7064–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372932.

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41

Monteiro Tavares, Carla Mericia, and Janusz Szpytko. "Maintenance strategy for vehicle with electronic fuel injection system." Journal of KONBiN 42, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jok-2017-0034.

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Abstract The introduction of new vehicles technology has been projected for advanced technologically places. Their use and operation, is a theme of big concern for developing countries. This work is part of the study for the creation and establishment of a maintenance strategy and policy, which will be acceptable in developing countries. The paper proposes a methodology for the identification of critical components of the electronic fuel injection system with failure mode, effects and criticality analysis tool (FMECA). With the elaboration of this work, was possible to visualize that the maintenance strategy for each component depends strongly on the availability of equipment for the diagnosis (fail detection). As future work, would be important to study the influence of others parameters that influence the maintenance and vehicle operation, as cost, environment, human aspect and vehicle operation. Another useful analyses would be, to analyses the data in a probabilistic interpretation in order to visualize influence of each component failure in the system failure.

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de Oliveira, Alex, Eduardo Chaves Moreira dos Santos, Gerson Castanheira Botelho, Osmano Souza Valente, and José Ricardo Sodré. "Hydrogen electronic injection system for a diesel power generator." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 38, no. 19 (June 2013): 7986–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.04.118.

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Sakai, Tadamoto. "Encapsulation process for electronic devices using injection molding method." Advances in Polymer Technology 12, no. 1 (1993): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adv.1993.060120106.

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MENDOZA, BERNARDO S., CUAUHTÉMOC SALAZAR, and J. L. CABELLOS. "OPTICAL SPIN INJECTION IN SEMICONDUCTORS." Modern Physics Letters B 24, no. 14 (June 10, 2010): 1507–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984910023980.

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A theoretical review of optical spin injection for bulk semiconductors is presented. As an example, we calculated such response in bulk Si , GaAs and CdSe . For each of these systems the computation of the electronic wavefunctions and energies are obtained under the density functional theory (DFT) within the local density approximation (LDA).

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BALAWENDER, Krzysztof, Hubert KUSZEWSKI, Kazimierz LEJDA, and Adam USTRZYCKI. "The effect of multi-phase injection on selected parameters of the common rail fuel system." Combustion Engines 135, no. 4 (November 1, 2008): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117228.

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The common rail fuel supply systems due to their flexibility of injection characteristics are the most frequently applied fuel supply solution in Diesel engines. The most essential parameters, which have the effect on the phenomena taking place in a Common Rail system are the duration of the injection, rail pressure and fuel temperature. There may also be other factors effecting the course of the injection. The split of the fuel dose into a few parts can cause a pressure fluctuation in the rail and also in the whole system, effecting the course of the injection. In the article tests results related with the influence of multiple injection on the total fuel dose and real onset of the injection have been presented. The tests were carried out on a test stand fitted with Bosch EPS-815 (electronic fuel dose measurement). For the testing of the real injection onset the visualization system AVL Visioscope was used. The control of the injector was realized through a controller which enabled to split the fuel dose into three parts.

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Dou, Dou, Ze-yu Zhang, Zhi-yuan Wu, Xu-dong Qiu, and Xiang-gen Zhong. "Aidi Injection, Compound Kushen Injection, or Kanglaite Injection: Which Is the Best Partner with Systemic Chemotherapy for Patients with HCC? A Network Meta-Analysis." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (August 21, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5497041.

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Objective. The aim of this network meta-analysis (NMA) was to explore the effectiveness of different traditional Chinese medicine injections (TCMIs) combined with systemic chemotherapy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods. A comprehensive search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed with regard to different TCMIs for treating HCC in seven electronic databases up to November 2019. The quality assessment of the included RCTs was conducted according to the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The objective response rate (ORR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), and Karnofsky performance score (KPS) data were extracted. The network meta-analysis used the network package in Stata software to analyse the data and draw a map of the evidence summarizing the direct and indirect comparisons. Results. A total of 1697 articles were retrieved through the comprehensive search. Twenty RCTs focusing on Aidi injection, compound Kushen injection, and Kanglaite injection as adjuvant therapies to chemotherapy were included, involving a total of 1418 patients. The NMA statistics showed that all three indicators (ORR, CBR, and KPS) were better in the combined treatment group of TCMIs with chemotherapy than that in the single treatment group of chemotherapy alone. Kanglaite injection tended to be better than the other two in terms of primary outcome, but there was not a significant difference. The combined treatment group had fewer adverse reactions than the single treatment group. Moreover, several articles reported that TCMIs combined with chemotherapy could increase the number of CD3+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes. Conclusions. TCMIs combined with systemic chemotherapy could be an effective and safe treatment option for patients with HCC. Kanglaite injection showed a tendency to be better than the other two kinds of injections in terms of ORR. Nevertheless, additional results from multicentre trials and high-quality studies will be pivotal for supporting our findings.

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Chengfang, Huang. "Injection-locked divider." Journal of Electronics (China) 7, no. 1 (January 1990): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02778720.

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SARGENT, EDWARD (TED) H., and J. M. (JIMMY) XU. "LATERAL INJECTION LASERS." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 09, no. 04 (December 1998): 941–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156498000397.

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Since its invention in the 60's, the semiconductor laser has relied on vertical injection of electrons and holes in order to pump the active region to inversion. While many aspects of semiconductor laser development have seen tremendous innovation and marked progress, this vertical injection scheme has remained unchanged. In contrast, the electronic transistor has evolved from the early dominance of vertical injection to today's largely lateral injection CMOS platform, which yielded new performance, functionality, and integrability and enabled the astonishingly successful integrated circuit revolution. The lateral current injection laser offers advantages which go far beyond optoelectronic integrability: it enables new functionalities, post-fabrication processing and engineering, and in some aspects of normal operation it can lead to greatly improved performances. To realize its full potential, this new class of semiconductor lasers deserves the same attention and the intensive iterations of efforts in theory, design, fabrication, and experimental probing as its vertical cousin has been received. We introduce a first-principles, combined theoretical-experimental approach to the exploration of the LCI laser. It reveals the role of lateral ambipolar drift-diffusion of carriers in either hindering or, potentially, in enhancing the provision of gain to the desired optical mode; of two-dimensional bandstructure engineering of the injection path and active region to achieve low differential resistance and efficient modal gain provision; of selective formation and lateral positioning of heterojunction in enabling high-efficiency device operation; and of adiabatic injection of electrons and holes across diffusively-graded heterojunctions in facilitating carrier capture into 2D quantum well states. Our results point to the tremendous promise of lasers based on lateral injection of current in enabling vertical cavity lasers with vastly increased performance and functional diversity; multi-terminal devices such as lasers with capacitive gain and wave-length tunability; high-speed directly-modulated lasers with reduced chirp; and functional devices with directly integrated high-speed longitudinal modulation.

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Zhao, Qiang, Cheng Qun Ni, and You Tong Zhang. "Experiment Study of the Single Point and Multi-Point Natural Gas Electronic Injection Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 313-314 (March 2013): 479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.479.

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To compare and improvediesel engine emission performance by different injection methods, a multi-pointnatural gas in-system and a one-point injection system were developed. In bothsystems, the electromagnetic valves are used to control injection and totalquantity. The system was designed for the type X6130 diesel engine. The testresults showed that the multi-point system has great advantages in the aspectsof emissions. To adopt multi-point gas injection is a better way to reduce theemission.

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Wang, Weiwen, Lei Yang, Jie Chen, Shifan Wu, Mengying Chen, Xuerong Liang, Dali Zhou, and Can Liu. "Realizing electronic modulation on Mo sites for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 35 (2020): 18180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta05957a.

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