Relevant bibliographies by topics / Electronic scrap

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Electronic scrap'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Electronic scrap"

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Fritz, Benjamin, Carin Aichele, and Mario Schmidt. "Environmental impact of high-value gold scrap recycling." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 25, no. 10 (August 25, 2020): 1930–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-020-01809-6.

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Abstract Purpose The gold routes satisfying the global gold supply are mining (74%), recycling of high-value gold (23%), and electronic scraps (3%). Besides its applications in the investment, jewelry, and industrial sector, gold also has a bad image. The gold production in industrial as well as artisanal and small-scale mines creates negative impacts such as resource depletion, extensive chemical use, toxic emissions, high energy consumption, and social concerns that are of great importance. On the other hand, almost all gold is recycled and has historically always been. In common life cycle assessment (LCA) databases, there is no data on recycling of high-value gold available. This article attempts to answer the question what the ecological benefits of this recycling are. Method In this study, we were able to collect process data on the most commonly used high-value gold scrap recycling process, the aqua regia method, from several state-of-the-art German refineries. With this data, life cycle inventories were created and a life cycle model was produced to finally generate life cycle impacts of high-value gold scrap recycling. Results This study contains the corresponding inventories and thus enables other interested parties to use these processes for their own LCA studies. The results show that high-value gold scrap recycling has a considerably lower environmental impact than electronic gold scrap recycling and mining. For example, high-value gold scrap recycling in Germany results in a cumulative energy demand (CED) of 820 MJ and a global warming potential (GWP) of 53 kg-CO2-Eq. per kg gold. In comparison, common datasets indicate CED and GWP levels of nearly 8 GJ and 1 t-CO2-Eq. per kg gold, respectively, for electronic scrap recycling and levels of 240 GJ and 16 t-CO2-Eq. per kg gold, respectively, for mining. Conclusion The results show that buying gold from precious metal recycling facilities with high technological standards and a reliable origin of the recycling material is about 300 times better than primary production.
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Ahn, Jae-Woo, Jinki Jeong, Jae-Chun Lee, Dong-Gin Kim, and Jong-Gwan Ahn. "Bioleaching of Electronic Scrap usingThiobacillus ferrooxidans." Geosystem Engineering 8, no. 3 (September 2005): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2005.10541238.

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Hill, James W., and Tommy A. Lear. "Recovery of gold from electronic scrap." Journal of Chemical Education 65, no. 9 (September 1988): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed065p802.

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Ertuğ, Burcu. "Processing of Electronic Glass Scrap Recycling." American Chemical Science Journal 4, no. 5 (January 10, 2014): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/acsj/2014/8939.

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Hoffmann, James E. "Recovering precious metals from electronic scrap." JOM 44, no. 7 (July 1992): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03222275.

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Telyakov, A. N., T. A. Aleksandrova, and M. A. Neezhko. "Melting Features of Electronic Scrap Concentrates." Metallurgist 58, no. 9-10 (January 2015): 743–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11015-015-9988-5.

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Brandl, Helmut, Stefan Lehmann, and Mohammad A. Faramarzi. "Mobilization of Silver, Gold, and Platinum from Solid Materials by HCN-Forming Microorganisms." Advanced Materials Research 20-21 (July 2007): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.20-21.50.

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Cyanogenic Chromobacterium violaceum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and P. plecoglossicida were able to mobilize silver, gold and platinum when grown in the presence of various metal-containing solids such as powdered platinum, platinum-containing automobile catalytic converters, powdered silver, or gold-containing electronic scrap. Five percent of silver was mobilized from powdered jewelry scrap as dicyanoargentate after one day, although 96% was mobilized when non-biological cyanide leaching was applied. Dicyanoargentate proved to inhibit growth at concentrations >20 mg/L. Gold was microbially solubilized from electronic scrap (shredded printed circuit boards). Maximum dicyanoaurate concentration corresponded to a 68.5% dissolution of the total gold added. Additionally, cyanide-complexed copper was detected during treatment of electronic scrap due to its high copper content of approximately 100 g/kg scrap. Small amounts of platinum were mobilized from pure platinum powder after 10 days. The process proved to be very slow. In summary, all findings demonstrate the potential of microbial mobilization of metals as cyanide complex from solid materials and represent a novel type of microbial metal mobilization which might find industrial application.
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Zhang, Shunli, and Eric Forssberg. "Mechanical separation-oriented characterization of electronic scrap." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 21, no. 4 (December 1997): 247–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-3449(97)00039-6.

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Zhang, Shunli, and Eric Forssberg. "Intelligent Liberation and classification of electronic scrap." Powder Technology 105, no. 1-3 (November 1999): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-5910(99)00151-5.

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Malhotra, Subhash C. "Trends and opportunities in electronic scrap reclamation." Conservation & Recycling 8, no. 3-4 (January 1985): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0361-3658(85)90002-5.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electronic scrap"

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Cui, Jirang. "Mechanical recycling of consumer electronic scrap /." Luleå, 2005. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1757/2005/36.

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Bristøl, Lene Marie Lysgaard. "Characterization and recovery of rare earth elements from electronic scrap." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for materialteknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18906.

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The rare earth elements are a group of 17 elements consisting of the lantahnide series, scandium and yttrium. The application with the largest rare earth consumption is the permanent rare earth magnets. The neodymium-iron-boron magnets are the strongest permanent magnetic material known and are widely used. There is a concern that there will be a shortage in Nd-Fe-B magnets in short time. This has lead to an increased interest in the recycling of the rare earth magnets in the world.This project gives a very brief introduction to the Nd-Fe-B magnets, their uses and recycling. Two types of experiments that aims at recovery of neodymium from Nd-Fe-B magnets have been performed; extraction of neodymium by the use of molten silver and extraction of neodymium by direct oxidation. In the liquid silver experiments, extraction was obtained, but the analysis gave equivocal results. In the direct oxidation experiment, the separation of an iron phase and a neodymium oxide phase failed, and the experiment was not seen as successful.Magnetic waste from WEEE Recycling was also performed, and it turned out to contain small amounts of rare earth elements.
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Owais, Ashour A. [Verfasser]. "Packed Bed Electrolysis for Production of Electrolytic Copper Powder from Electronic Scrap / Ashour A Owais." Aachen : Shaker, 2003. http://d-nb.info/1181600782/34.

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Owais, Ashour [Verfasser]. "Packed Bed Electrolysis for Production of Electrolytic Copper Powder from Electronic Scrap / Ashour A Owais." Aachen : Shaker, 2003. http://d-nb.info/1181600782/34.

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CABRAL, NETO João Pinto. "Estimativa da geração de sucata de bateria de chumbo-ácido como ferramenta de gestão de resíduos eletroeletrônicos." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17453.

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Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-18T18:34:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação_João Cabral_PPGECAM.pdf: 1516222 bytes, checksum: 1dfca4d9fc8997484046f1a4b3ca8fde (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T18:34:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação_João Cabral_PPGECAM.pdf: 1516222 bytes, checksum: 1dfca4d9fc8997484046f1a4b3ca8fde (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-20
O trabalho versa sobre a problemática do crescimento da geração de um tipo de resíduo eletroeletrônico: a bateria de chumbo-ácido. Os resíduos de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos são objeto de diversas pesquisas mundo afora, não somente devido ao seu crescimento acelerado, mas também porque muitos são fontes de materiais perigosos ao meio ambiente e à saúde pública. Nesse contexto, estão as baterias automotivas, cuja produção está vinculada à fabricação de carros e a sua própria vida útil. A maior parte das baterias comercializadas no Brasil são do tipo chumbo-ácido, cujos resíduos contêm grandes quantidades de chumbo que poderiam ser aproveitadas. Dessa maneira, esse trabalho teve como objetivo principal a construção de um modelo matemático para a projeção futura de sucatas de bateria, considerando fatores tais como mercado de venda de automóveis (carro passeio) e vida útil das baterias. Para tanto, foi construída uma série temporal, a partir da análise histórica de venda de veículos, composta por dados de 10 anos. Com o levantamento das informações, foram utilizadas ferramentas de análise de séries temporais para a identificação da existência de características como tendência e/ou sazonalidade na série de dados. Comprovada a existência de tais características, foi realizada a suavização da série e, posteriormente, a proposição do método estatístico de previsibilidade, observando as hipóteses de utilização de médias móveis, suavizações simples, dupla ou tripla. O modelo matemático deste estudo poderá tornar possível o planejamento adequado, por parte de empresas e governo, quanto à política de gerenciamento dos resíduos de acumuladores, considerando a logística reversa, como objetivo a ser alcançado.
The paper aims to introduce the issue from the growing generation of a type of electronic waste: a lead-acid battery. Waste of electrical and electronic equipment are the subject of several studies around the world, not only because of its rapid growth, but also because many are sources of hazardous materials to the environment and public health. Most batteries sold in Brazil are the lead-acid type, whose waste contains large amounts of lead that could be harnessed. Thus, this work aims to build a mathematical model for the future projection of battery scrap, considering factors such as car sales market (passenger car) and battery life. To this end, a time series will be built from the historical analysis of car sales, comprising data for 10 years. From the survey information will be used time series analysis tools for identifying the existence of trend and/or seasonality. If proven such characteristics, the smoothing of the series will be held and subsequently proposing the statistical method of predictability, noting the chances of using moving averages, simple smoothing, double or triple. The mathematical model of this study will make possible the proper planning on the part of business and government, as the management policy of waste batteries, considering the reverse logistics as a goal to be achieved.
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Margatho, Vinícius Salles. "Desenvolvimento de métodos alternativos ao fire assay para a determinação Ag, Au e Pd em sucata eletrônica por ICP-OES e WDSXRF." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46137/tde-27042018-083423/.

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As sucatas eletrônicas são hoje consideradas como matéria prima de alto valor agregado e economicamente viável, devido à presença de metais preciosos (e.g. prata, ouro, platina e paládio) em sua composição. Em geral, a comercialização é baseada no teor de metais preciosos e cobre, sendo assim, as análises químicas desempenham papel fundamental nesse ambiente de negócios. O método mais empregado para esse tipo de análise, considerado padrão é o Fire Assay, que consiste na extração dos analitos da matriz tornando determinação final praticamente livre de interferências. Entretanto o Fire Assay é um método susceptível a erros sistemáticos devido ao grande número de etapas, lento, caro e ambientalmente insustentável devido à quantidade de reagentes utilizados e resíduos gerados (e.g. chumbo). Diante dessas importantes desvantagens, o desenvolvimento de métodos que apresentem exatidão, precisão, boa frequência analítica, custo e que gere poucos resíduos se tornam necessários para a melhoria do controle de qualidade desses materiais. Sendo assim, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi o desenvolvimento de método para a determinação simultânea de Au, Ag e Pd por espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP OES) e espectroscopia de fluorescência de raios-x por comprimento de ondas (WDSXRF), usando diferentes estratégias de preparação de amostras. As sucatas eletrônicas se caracterizam por serem heterogêneas, além disso, o material possui grande quantidade de metais como Al, Cu e Fe na composição fazendo com que a comunição seja um elemento chave no método e determinante da frequência analítica. Considerando esta dificuldade as amostras foram moídas em moinho oscilatório de discos de em diferentes tempos a fim de se investigar a influencia do tamanho de partículas para estudo de representatividade e precisão além da influencia do tamanho de partículas nas determinações por WDSXRF devido ao efeito sombra. Para os analises por WDSXRF as amostras com 40 minutos de moagem e preparadas com fusão com ferro e enxofre demonstraram boas correlações quando comprados ao Fire Assay. As dissoluções das amostras para analises em ICP OES ocorreu em duas etapas, a 1ª com HNO3 (aquecimento em chapa) para evitar passivação do ouro e a 2ª com 10 ml de água régia, usando o programa do forno de micro-ondas, com rampa de 160 °C a 210 °C (30 min). Foi observado que o excesso de Cl- formou complexos que inibiram perdas de Ag+ pro precipitação. As soluções finais foram analisadas no ICP OES e as concentrações obtidas foram comparadas ao método de Fire Assay. O método proposto mostrou boa correção para todos os elementos ao método padrão. A reprodutibilidade para Au foi de 4,1% (n=15 amostras) e a recuperação média comparada ao método padrão foi de 102%. Com base nos resultados obtidos pode-se dizer que o método proposto é comparável ao Fire Assay quanto à precisão e limites de detecção, apresentando melhores respostas quanto à frequência analítica, custo e geração de resíduos
Electronic scraps are today considered as raw material of high added value and economically viable, due to the presence of precious metals (e.g. silver, gold, platinum and palladium) in your composition. In general, the marketing is based on the content of precious metals and copper, therefore, chemical analysis plays a key role in this business environment. The method employed for this kind of analysis, considered standard, is the Fire Assay, which consists of the extraction of analytes in the array, making final determination virtually free of interference. However the Fire Assay is a method susceptible to systematic errors due to the large number of steps, slow, expensive and environmentally unsustainable due to the amount of reagents used and waste generated (e.g. lead). On these important disadvantages, the development of methods which have accuracy, precision, good analytical cost and frequency that generate few residues become necessary for the improvement of the quality control of these materials. Therefore, the objective of this research was the development of method for the simultaneous determination of Au, Ag and Pd by optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP OES) and fluorescence spectroscopy for x-ray wavelengths (WDSXRF), using different sampling strategies. Electronic scraps are characterized for being heterogeneous, in addition, the material possesses large amount of metals such as Al, Cu and Fe in the composition so that the communication is a key element in determining the frequency and analytical method. Considering this difficulty the samples were ground into oscillatory grinder discs at different times in order to investigate the influence of the particle size for study of representativeness and accuracy beyond the influence of the particle size determination by WDSXRF due to the shadow effect. For the analysis by WDSXRF samples with 40 minutes of grinding and prepared with merger with iron and sulfur showed good correlations when purchased the Fire Assay. The dissolutions of the samples for analysis in ICP-OES occurred in two steps, first with HNO3 (heating plate) to avoid gold passivation and the 2nd with 10 ml of aqua regia, by using the microwave oven, with 160 °C ramp to 210 °C (30 min). It was observed that the excess of Cl-formed complex that inhibit loss of Ag+ by precipitation. The final solutions were analysed at the ICP OES and the concentrations obtained were compared to the method of Fire Assay. The proposed method showed good fix for all elements to the standard method. Reproducibility for Au was 4.1% (n = 15 samples) and the average recovery compared to the standard method was 102%. Based on the results obtained can be said that the proposed method is comparable to the Fire Assay for accuracy and limits of detection, showing best answers regarding the analytical frequency, cost and waste generation.
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Greif, Steffi. "Ökonomische Analyse der Rückgewinnung von hochwertigen Metallen aus elektrischen und elektronischen Altgeräten in Deutschland." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1243336773453-61654.

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Die vorliegende Ausgabe beschäftigt sich mit dem Thema „Ökonomische Analyse der Rückgewinnung von hochwertigen Metallen aus elektrischen und elektronischen Altgeräten in Deutschland“. Elektro- und Elektronikgeräte sind aus dem täglichen Leben nicht mehr wegzudenken; die Unternehmen entwickeln und produzieren immer leistungsfähigere Produkte, wobei durch die immer schnelleren und kurzlebigeren Innovationszyklen die Abfallberge ausgedienter Elektro(nik)geräte beständig wachsen. Mit Inkrafttreten des Elektro- und Elektronikgerätegesetz am 24. März 2005 werden alte Elektro(nik)geräte zukünftig getrennt gesammelt und weitgehend verwertet. Neu ist, dass die Hersteller mehr Verantwortung für ihre Produkte übernehmen und zur Verwertung der getrennt gesammelten Elektro- und Elektronik-Altgeräten verpflichtet sind. Das Elektro- und Elektronikgerätegesetz geht zum einen aus der europäischen Richtlinie über die Entsorgung von Elektro- und Elektronik-Altgeräten (WEEE) und zum anderen aus der europäischen Richtlinie über die Verwendung bestimmter gefährlicher Stoffe in Elektro- und Elektronikgeräten (RoHS) hervor und gilt als Reaktion auf die wachsenden Elektro(nik)schrott-Berge. Für die Unternehmen der Entsorgungs- und Recyclingbranche ergeben sich mit diesen gesetzlichen Neuerungen neue Chancen auf Weiterentwicklung ihres Geschäftsfeldes. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt den Demontageunternehmen, mit deren Hilfe erst die gesetzlichen Forderungen, hinsichtlich der zu erzielenden Rückgewinnungsquoten und der notwendigen selektiven Behandlung einiger Baugruppen, erfüllt werden können. Die Rückgewinnung hochwertiger Metalle aus Elektro(nik)schrott bedarf im Hinblick der Preissteigerungen auf den Rohstoffmärkten höchster Priorität. Mit Etablierung eines Sekundärrohstoffmarktes kann ein rohstoffarmes Land wie Deutschland der Abhängigkeit des Importes von Primärrohstoffen signifikant entgegenwirken.
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Wan, A. S. (Alan Szu-Hsin). "Ion and electron parameters in the Alcator C tokamak scrape-off region." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/15042.

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Thesis (Sc. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 1986.
MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE.
Includes bibliographies.
by Alan Szu-Hsin Wan.
Sc.D.
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Elmore, Sarah. "Scrape-off layer ion temperature measurements on MAST by retarding field energy analyser." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/14513/.

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Knowledge of the ion temperature (Ti) is important for tokamaks when determining plasma parameters from diagnostics which require knowledge of the ion and electron temperature (Te) and also because ions of high energy could damage plasma facing components by sputtering on high power devices. In the tokamak edge there are limited data for Ti, however the few existing measurements show that, beyond the confined plasma, Ti > Te, unlike in the confined plasma where ions and electrons are thermal coupled. A measurement technique using retarding field energy analyser(RFEA) probes to measure Ti has been implemented on the Mega Amp Spherical Tokamak (MAST) to allow measurements at the midplane and also at the divertor target which are two key areas in the scrape-off layer (SOL) plasma. Measurements in ohmic low confinement (L-mode) plasma discharges have shown that Ti ≈ 2Te at the midplane, while Ti ≈ Te at the target. Additionally heated L-mode plasmas have shown that Ti can be greater than Te at the divertor target. In inter-ELM high confinement (H-mode) plasmas, Ti is often found to be higher than Te, with extremes in high power plasmas of Ti/Te ≈ 3 at the target. Initial measurements of the temperature of ions released by an average ELM show that Ti reduces with distance from the strike point at the target. The measured upper limit on Ti in an average ELM reduces from 60 eV to 30 eV over ∼ 4 cm radially at the target. Measurements made by the target RFEA during ELMs show peak Ti ∼ 35 eV compared to peak Te measurements by Langmuir probes of ∼ 25 eV. These initial measurements of Ti agree with modelling of the ELM evolution in the SOL which show hot electrons arriving at the target before the remaining particles released by the ELM. Measurements by RFEA probes are subject to a correction in the presence of parallel flows in the SOL. It has been found from modelling of the MAST SOL that measurements made by the target RFEA should be multiplied by a correction factor between 0.65 and 0.7. Although this reduces the ratios measured of Ti/Te, measurements in inter-ELM H-mode and additionally heated L-mode plasmas would still show Ti > Te at the target. In ohmic L-mode plasmas, however, the reduction in Ti would mean Ti < Te.
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Mery, Mickaël. "Développement d'un procédé électrochimique pour le recyclage du néodyme à partir de déchets électroniques." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCA026/document.

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Le néodyme appartient à la série des lanthanides se trouvant dans le tableau périodique. Il est le composant clé des aimants permanents Nd2Fe14B implantés dans différents appareils électroniques mais aussi dans appareils dis « écologiques » comme les éoliennes, les voitures ou vélos électriques. De nos jours seulement 1 % du néodyme présent dans les déchets électroniques est recyclé. De fortes tensions géopolitiques ainsi que la croissance rapide de la demande pour ce type d’aimants conduisent à d’importantes spéculations et fluctuations sur le prix du néodyme aggravées par l’appauvrissement annoncé de la ressource.Depuis quelques décennies, plusieurs procédés de recyclage du néodyme ont été développés au niveau des laboratoires sans avoir été utilisés à l’échelle industrielle. Les procédés existants ont plusieurs désavantages comme un grand nombre d’étapes avant d’obtenir le produit final ou encore l’utilisation de grandes quantités de produits chimiques.Le but de ces recherches est le développement d’un procédé pyrochimique pouvant être une alternative à ceux déjà existants. Ce procédé permettrait de récupérer le néodyme sous sa forme métallique en seulement une étape. Pour atteindre cet objet, il a fallu élaborer un réacteur pouvant résister à de hautes températures ainsi qu’aux sels fondus pouvant être corrosifs selon leur composition. Par la suite, les propriétés électrochimiques du néodyme ont été étudiées dans différents sels fondus à base de chlorures et de fluorures afin trouver la configuration optimale pour l’extraction du néodyme contenu dans les aimants permanents.Nous avons ainsi prouvé qu’il était possible d’extraire le néodyme sous sa forme métallique contenu dans de vieux aimants permanents en une seule étape durant une électrolyse
Neodymium belongs to the lanthanide’s serie of the period system and is the key component of the permanent magnets Nd2Fe14B which are implemented in electronic devices and “green” technologies like wind turbines or electric cars and bicycles. Nowadays, only one percent of the neodymium in electronic scraps is recycled. Due to the geopolitical considerations and a strong increase of the use of permanent magnets, there is an impoverishment of the raw material resources leading to an instable market.Since some decades, few recycling processes have been developed on a lab scale without any upscaling to the industrial scale. The existing processes have several drawbacks like multiple steps to obtain the final desired product. This means that these methods have a long process time or use a large amount of chemical productsThe aim of this research was the development of a pyrochemical process, which could be an alternative to the existing recycling processes in order to extract neodymium from electronic scraps with less steps, a smaller amount of chemical products and a higher recovery rate of the rare neodymium. For this purpose a special reaction chamber has been created which resists to the severe experimental conditions induced by the use of high temperatures and corrosive molten salts. Moreover the electrochemical behaviour of neodymium in different chloride- and fluoride-based molten salts was studied in order to find the most appropriated setup.We could prove that the pyrochemical method could be the solution to recover neodymium from the old permanent magnets under its metallic form in just one single reaction step during an electrolysis
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Books on the topic "Electronic scrap"

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Angerer, Gerhard. Verwertung von Elektronikschrott: Stand der Technik, Forschungs- und Technologiebedarf : Abschlussbericht für das Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie. Berlin: E. Schmidt, 1993.

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Hydrometallurgical treatment of electronic scrap to recover gold and silver. [Avondale, Md.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Electronic scrap"

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Sander, Knut, and Joachim Wuttke. "Transboundary Shipment of Electronic Scrap." In Eco-Efficiency in Industry and Science, 243–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5712-7_16.

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Pilone, D., and G. H. Kelsall. "Metal Recovery from Electronic Scrap by Leaching and Electrowinning IV." In Electrometallurgy and Environmental Hydrometallurgy, 1565–75. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118804407.ch37.

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Ahlers, Reinhard. "The Life Cycle Performance Assessment (LCPA) Methodology." In New Business Models for the Reuse of Secondary Resources from WEEEs, 81–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74886-9_7.

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AbstractThe FENIX project has started to develop future business models for the efficient recovery of secondary resources. It would not be enough just to improve business models based on traditional linear approaches. Rather, new approaches must be developed with a particular focus on environmental and climate changes. Electronic scrap is no longer scrap, but must be seen as valuable material. Using the mobile phone as an example, FENIX has developed technologies to get recyclable materials out of scrapped mobile phones and to process them into new materials and final products. The developed technological approaches are not limited to mobile phones, but can be used for all types of electronic waste. FENIX has only focused on the logistic chain from the dismantling of the cell phones to the manufacturing of new materials and products (recycling chain). This, of course, involves a lot of effort in dismantling the e-waste, as the recycling process was not yet considered when developing the products currently on the market. Such eco-design approaches would certainly reduce the disassembly effort in the future. FENIX business models should not only be based on economic success but also consider ecological effects at the same time. Therefore, an accompanying Life Cycle Performance Assessment (LCPA) has been carried out to prove the advantages of the developed business models. From the interim assessment, recommendations for further technical development directions were repeatedly given to achieve the best possible economic and ecological solutions.
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Spengler, Thomas, Martin Ploog, and Marcus Schröter. "Integrated planning of acquisition, disassembly and bulk recycling: a case study on electronic scrap recovery." In Advanced Planning and Scheduling Solutions in Process Industry, 397–426. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05607-3_16.

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Mushtaq, Fahad, Muhammad Shafiq, Matteo Mario Savino, Touqeer Khalid, Marialuisa Menanno, and Ali Fahad. "Reverse Logistics Route Selection Using AHP: A Case Study of Electronics Scrap from Pakistan." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 3–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99704-9_1.

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"Future Perspectives on Electronic Scrap." In E-Waste Management, 267–76. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203116456-19.

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Brandl, H., R. Bosshard, and M. Wegmann. "Computer-munching microbes: Metal leaching from electronic scrap by bacteria and fungi." In Biohydrometallurgy and the Environment Toward the Mining of the 21st Century - Proceedings of the International Biohydrometallurgy Symposium, 569–76. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1572-4409(99)80146-1.

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"Bioprocessing of Electronic Scraps." In Microbiology for Minerals, Metals, Materials and the Environment, 325–46. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18124-16.

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Chigwada, Josiline Phiri. "Adoption of Open Source Software in Libraries in Developing Countries." In Digital Libraries and Institutional Repositories, 520–31. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2463-3.ch031.

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A survey on the adoption of open source software in libraries in developing countries was conducted. An online questionnaire was sent to Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) and Special Commonwealth Assistance for Africa (SCAAP) participants for the Advanced Certificate Course in Modern Library Practices and the Lib@web participants of the Management of Electronic Information and Digital Libraries programme at the University of Antwerp in Belgium. The ITEC/SCAAP programme is sponsored by Government of India while the Lib@web programme is sponsored by Flemish Interuniversity Council – Belgian Development Council (VLIR-OUS). The data was collected from 31 librarians who attended these training programmes. The findings revealed that most libraries in developing countries which sent participants to these programmes have adopted open source software. The author recommends that librarians should continue upgrading their skills so that they are conversant with how the various open source software can be used in their institutions.
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Conference papers on the topic "Electronic scrap"

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Shrivastava, Puneet, Alex Abadi, Hassan Mohrekesh, and Hong C. Zhang. "Recycling plastics from electronic scrap: A case study." In 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment (ISEE). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isee.2008.4562910.

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Handzlik, Piotr. "SEPARATION AND RECOVERY OF ZINC FROM ELECTRONIC COPPER-BASED ALLOY SCRAP UNDER VACUUM." In 19th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference EXPO Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019v/4.2/s05.020.

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Kent, M. S., M. L. Corbett, and M. Glavin. "Characterization and Analysis of Airborne Metal Exposures Among Electronic Scrap Valuation Workers- Shredding." In Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2006. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isee.2006.1650065.

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Akbarzadeh, Rokhsareh, Qusai Ibrahim, Joshua Adeniran, Peter Oviroh, and Tien-Chien Jen. "Optimization of Mg Scraps Hydrolysis for Hydrogen Generation Using HCl: Experimental and Simulation." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10580.

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Abstract Worldwide concerns on environmental pollution and the need for clean energy supply have attracted researchers’ interest for power generation using technology which not only is a clean technology but also utilizes the Mg scrap waste, a part of solid waste from electronic and automobile industries. The Mg scraps have been used for the hydrogen generation via hydrolysis. In an attempt we conducted the experimental study and optimization of hydrolysis of Mg scraps waste in the presence of HCl to generate hydrogen. This work optimizes the process of using Mg scraps to produce H2, Mg(OH)2 and MgCl2. The effect of different concentration of HCl on hydrolysis was studied to find the optimum concentration for the hydrogen generation. The most influencing parameters such as acid concentration of solution was selected and studied. The kinetic behaviour was analysed to determine the effect of different HCl concentration on hydrogen generation pattern. Numerical modeling was performed considering the chemical reaction using ReaxFF. The effect of the selected parameters on the system and the hydrogen concentration were investigated to predict the performance of the hydrolysis of Mg scraps in the designed reactor. This study proposes an eco-efficient method as it utilizes the Mg waste to produce hydrogen which is an energy carrier.
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Tumkor, Serdar, John W. Sutherland, and Vishesh V. Kumar. "Electrical and Electronic Equipment Recovery and Recycling in Turkey." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81358.

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Discarded electrical and electronic equipment contains valuable materials, low value parts, and hazardous substances. There is a growing concern regarding the management of end-of-use equipment owing to the environmental concerns associated with discarding used devices. Electronic waste or scrap consumes valuable landfill space and may ultimately contaminate groundwater sources. In addition, replacing discarded components with new components typically consumes valuable virgin material resources. With the advent of the WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) Directive, used electrical and electronic products are now being recovered in Turkey as a European Union (EU) candidate country, and several companies in Turkey have begun to recover latent value through disassembly and reuse/recycling of materials and components. To remain competitive, these companies must implement economical and environmentally responsible recovery processes. There are a number of research challenges associated with product recovery. This paper describes the current product recovery infrastructure in Turkey, and discusses future trends and drivers for successful product take-back.
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Spengler, T. "Management of material flows in closed-loop supply chains. Decision support system for electronic scrap recycling companies." In 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2003. Proceedings of the. IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2003.1174201.

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Epple, Philipp, Manuel Fritsche, and Hans Rußwurm. "The Impact of the Interaction Between Impeller and Spiral Casing on the Performance of Radial Fans." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66072.

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In thermal recycling plants high performance fans are needed to transport gas through the process. For this application, the fans have to fulfill very special requirements. The pyrolysis and gasification processes transform different kinds of waste, e. g. biomass and municipal scrap waste, electronic or industrial waste, into highly clean efficient synthetic gas, i.e. usable energy. Therefore, the thermal operating range of these fans lies between ambient temperatures of about 20°C and 530°C. Due to the requirements and design space of the recycling facility, new radial fans were developed according to these particular specifications. Two different impellers were designed with an extended analytical method, as described in Epple et al. [1] and [2]. The first one was designed with a parallel flat shroud and the second one with a conical shroud. In order to fulfill the manufacturer requirements of ease of manufacturing, the impellers were designed with circular arc blades. With these two impellers and at a temperature of 530 °C, as it is needed in the recycling plants, a first Bommes spiral casing was optimized adjusting the spiral casing opening angle and the Bommes parameter, i.e. the ratio of the spiral casing width to the impeller exit width, BSC/b2 (Epple et al. [3]). The results show that the predictions of Bommes work well with impellers with conical shrouds, but for impellers with parallel shrouds the Bommes prediction does not work properly.
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Ansari, Ajmal I. "Post Extrusion Cooling of Multilayer Polymer Sheet on Chilled Rolls." In ASME 2005 Summer Heat Transfer Conference collocated with the ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2005-72459.

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To meet the stringent emission and environmental regulations, polymer sheet with as many as six layers is required for thermoformed fuel tanks used in the automotive industry. The 10 mm to 12 mm thick sheet is made using an extrusion process. Typically each polymer layer has its own hopper, screw, barrel, nozzle and extruder. During manufacturing, polymer layers are fused together within the tool and the multilayer polymer sheet leaves the extruder in a viscoelastic state. The multilayer sheet is initially cooled by passing it over chilled rolls. The final cooling of the sheet is done via natural convection to the ambient air while the sheet is transported to the cutting station at the end of the line. The cooling of the sheet on the chilled and polished rolls has a direct influence on the quality of the sheet as well as the scrap. The conductive heat transfer is primarily responsible for the cooling while the sheet is on the chilled roll. It is desired to have the smooth sheet exterior surfaces with constant thickness of each polymer layer in the cross section. Due to the numerous materials in the cross section, and associated variability of material properties, it becomes a challenging task to meet these requirements. This paper discusses the problem of the smoothness of the exterior surfaces of the extruded sheet. The “dimpled” or “orange peel” surface finish is observed to be linked to the cooling of the sheet on the chilled rolls. Experimental data and simulation results are presented that relate the formation of dimples to the local cooling rate. The variability of thermal contact resistance between the sheet surface and the chill rolls also appear to be another variable that contributes to the dimpled surface.
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Song, Shulei, Yuemin Zhao, Yaqun He, Haifeng Wang, Chenlong Duan, and Juan Hao. "Basic Research on the Separation of Electronic Scraps with an Active-Pulsed Airflow Classifier." In 2008 2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2008.543.

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Rafeeq, Mohammed, Ateequrahman, Sanjar Alam, and Mikdad. "Automation of plastic, metal and glass waste materials segregation using arduino in scrap industry." In 2016 International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cesys.2016.7889840.

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Reports on the topic "Electronic scrap"

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McKoon, R. H. Progress toward uranium scrap recycling via electron beam cold hearth refining. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/90717.

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McKoon, R. H. Progress toward uranium scrap recycling via Electron Cold Hearth Refining (EBCHR). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/95176.

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Hazeltine, R. D., and P. J. Catto. Electron physics and ambipolarity in the tokamak scrape-off layer. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10156317.

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Koyanaka, Shigeki, Hitoshi Ohya, and Shigehisa Endoh. Study on New grinding Technique to Simplify the Recycling Process of Scrap Electronics~Improvement of Selective Grinding Effect by Real-Time Control of the Grinding Conditions. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0187.

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Health hazard evaluation report: metal exposures in an electronic scrap recycling facility. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshheta201300673228.

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Health hazard evaluation report: evaluation of occupational exposures at an electronic scrap recycling facility. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, July 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshheta201201003217.

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Health hazard evaluation report: evaluation of exposure to metals at an electronic scrap recycling facility. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshheta201301303226.

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Health hazard evaluation report: a pilot assessment of occupational health hazards in the U.S. electronic scrap recycling industry. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, June 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshescrapsurveyreport062014.

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