Journal articles: 'Electronics Workbench (Computer file)'

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Price, T. E. "Computer Assisted Learning in An Electronics Course." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 29, no. 3 (July 1992): 212–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072099202900303.

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Computer assisted learning in an electronics course The CAD software package Electronic Workbench has been used for computer assisted learning for analogue electronics in the second year of a degree course. After a description of the package, the approach used to generate text files to describe the subject matter for transistor biasing, small signal analysis and frequency response is described. The student response is considered, as are the problems encountered in using the package for CAL.

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Coelho, M. A. J., J. M. Neto, A. D. Spacek, and O. H. Ando. "Learning Improvement in Electronics Disciplinary using a Didactic Workbench." IEEE Latin America Transactions 14, no. 1 (January 2016): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tla.2016.7430065.

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Kuron, Meidy Atina, and Arnold Umboh. "PENGARUH VIRTUALISASI LABORATORIUM BERBASIS ELECTRONICS WORKBENCH (EWB) PADA MATA KULIAH ELEKTRONIKA DASAR UNSRIT." ORBITA: Jurnal Kajian, Inovasi dan Aplikasi Pendidikan Fisika 7, no. 1 (May 5, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/orbita.v7i1.2788.

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ABSTRAKPenggunaan laboratorium virtual pada mata kuliah Elektronika Dasar sangatlah penting sebagai salah satu solusi mengatasi keterbatasan fasilitas pada laboratorium real di Universitas Sariputra Indonesia Tomohon. Virtualisasi laboratorium Elektronika Dasar ini dapat berfungsi selayaknya laboratorium real yang memanfaatkan media komputer dan software Electronics Workbench (EWB) dalam pembelajaran. Tujuan khusus penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh virtualisasi laboratorium berbasis Electronics Workbench (EWB) terhadap hasil belajar mahasiswa semester II Program Studi Teknik Informatika pada mata kuliah Elektronika Dasar di Universitas Sariputra Indonesia Tomohon. Metode yang digunakan adalah Pre-Eksperiment One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design dengan pengujian analisis paired sample t-test dengan sample penelitian diambil total sampling. Hipotesis penelitian dianalisis dengan bantuan aplikasi SPSS untuk memperoleh t hitung dengan taraf kepercayaan 95% dimana t hitung > t tabel yaitu 19,126 > 2,055 dan berdasarkan nilai signifikansi yaitu Sig. (2-tailed) 0,000 < 0,05 dapat disimpulkan terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan virtualisasi laboratorium berbasis EWB terhadap hasil belajar mahasiswa Teknik Informatika UNSRIT Semester II materi Elektronika Dasar materi penguat transistor. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian N-Gain score untuk melihat efektivitas penggunaan virtualisasi laboratorium berbasis EWB dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar mahasiswa Teknik Informatika UNSRIT dengan hasil 0,40 termasuk pada kategori sedang. Luaran yang ditargetkan dalam penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dipublikasikan pada jurnal Nasional terakreditasi SINTA 4 Jurnal Kajian, Inovasi dan Aplikasi Pendidikan Fisika p-ISSN : 2460-9587, i-SSN : 2614-7017 Program Studi Pendidikan Fisika Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhamadiyah Mataram. Kata kunci : virtualisasi laboratorium; electronics workbench (EWB); elektronika dasar. ABSTRACTThe use of virtual laboratories of the Basic Electronics courses is very important as a solution to overcome the limited facilities in real laboratories at Sariputra Indonesia University, Tomohon. Virtualization of the Basic Electronics laboratory can function like a real laboratory that utilizes computer media and the Electronics Workbench (EWB) software in learning. The specific purpose of this study was to determine the effect of laboratory virtualization based on Electronics Workbench (EWB) on the learning outcomes of second semester students of the Informatics Engineering Study Program in Basic Electronics at Sariputra Indonesia University, Tomohon. The method used is the Pre-Experiment One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design with paired sample t-test analysis testing with the research sample taken by total sampling. The research hypothesis was analyzed with the SPSS application to obtain t count with a confidence level of 95% where t count > t table, that result 19,126 > 2,055 and based on the significance value of Sig. (2-tailed) 0.000 < 0.05, it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of based laboratory virtualization based on EWB to students learning outcomes of Informatics Engineering UNSRIT Semester II Basic Electronics material transistor amplifier. Furthermore, the N-Gain score test was carried out to see the effectiveness of using laboratory virtualization based on EWB to improving the learning outcomes of UNSRIT Informatics Engineering students with a result of 0.40 which was included in the moderate category. The output targeted in this study is expected to be published in a SINTA-accredited National journal 4 Journal of Study, Innovation and Physics Education Application p-ISSN: 2460-9587, i-SSN: 2614-7017 Study Program of Physics Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Muhamadiyah University, Mataram. Keywords : virtual laboratories; electronics workbench (EWB); basic electronics.

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Бабенко, В. П., and В. К. Битюков. "Имитационное моделирование процессов переключения силовых полевых транзисторов в программе Electronics Workbench." Радиотехника и электроника 64, no. 2 (2019): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0033849419020025.

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Richards, John. "Getting the Hands Dirty." Leonardo Music Journal 18 (December 2008): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/lmj.2008.18.25.

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“Getting the hands dirty” refers to an approach in which process and performance are inseparably bound. The “performance” begins on the workbench and is extended onto the “stage” through live bricolage. The idea of “dirt” is seen as a critical ingredient in the process of live electronic music, and the term “dirty electronics” is used to describe an increasing focus in electronic music on shared experiences face-to-face, ritual, gesture, touch, social interaction and the exploration of devised instruments. The author concludes that digital technology has merely reinforced the importance of the human body and the physical in live performance.

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Rompis, Lianly. "A RANDOM COUNTER IN USING SHIFT REGISTER AND ENCODER." Jurnal Ilmiah Realtech 14, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.52159/realtech.v14i1.118.

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Mostly some specific computer circuits and digital circuit applications need a random counter circuit module for handling specific tasks or operations. To design this kind of circuit, it is more common to use the standard format design of synchronous counter, although this will be more complicated to derive its truth table and karnaugh-maps in order to solve the right output equations for flip-flop inputs. This paper will introduce another way of designing a digital random counter, using shift register and encoder, which is easier to applied and the sequence of this counter can be managed randomly. The methodology being used for this research is mainly tounderstand the basic concept and combine the functions of shift register and encoder, to derive a new and simple form of designing a random counter. Using an Electronics Workbench software, the outputs are shown in logic simulation.

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Gusmanova, F. R., and G. A. Abdulkarimova. "OVERVIEW OF THE BLOCK ENCRYPTION DEVELOPMENT." BULLETIN Series of Physics & Mathematical Sciences 69, no. 1 (March 10, 2020): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-1.1728-7901.52.

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In the conditions of universal Informatization, the problem of information security and information protection has significantly worsened. This work provides an overview of the block encryption development. Block cipher - a kind of symmetric cipher. A feature of the block cipher is the processing of a block of several bytes in one iteration. Block cryptosystems break the message text into separate blocks and then convert these blocks using a key. Basic information related to block encryption is presented, and the main analysis options are shown. The possibility of students' research work on this topic was noted, and the review of international competitions on block ciphers research was performed. A diagram is shown that can be applied in electronics, and a replacement table is generated and painted for programming. In this case, both of these approaches are equivalent, meaning that an encrypted file on a computer is decrypted on an electronic device and vice versa.

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Setiawan, Budhy, Isa Triyanti Santoso, Achmad Walid, Ryan Prasetyo, Delila Cahya Permatasari, and Virna Umro Audiana. "Aplikasi solidwork untuk rancangan CAD 3D pada mesin 3D printer 2x2x2 meter." JURNAL ELTEK 19, no. 2 (October 29, 2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/eltek.v19i2.283.

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ABSTRAK Mesin 3D printing dapat membuat proses produksi menjadi singkat dan sederhana, keunggulan ini menjadikan banyak peneliti mulai menggembangkan mesin printing. Pengembangan mesin printing yang sudah dilakukan salah satunya adalah mesin 3D printer 2 x 2 x 2 meter. Keberhasilan mesin printing dapat dilihat dari hasil printing yang sesuai dengan desain yang diharapkan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan aplikasi yang dapat membantu merancang desain objek 3D pada mesin printer 2x2x2 meter, salah satunya menggunakan aplikasi CAD (Computer Aided Design) “SolidWork”. Aplikasi “SolidWork” bersifat opensource yang dapat membantu mengetahui pengaruh desain 3 dimensi menggunakan software CAD terhadap jarak, sudut dan skala objek pada mesin printer 2x2x2 meter. Desain objek 3D “SolidWork” disimpan dalam dalam format file STL, kemudian diproses di dalam Simplify 3D, objek akan diiris secara software. Hasil irisan gambar 3D akan menghasilkan sebuah file G-Code. Output koordinat dari G-Code digunakan untuk menggerakan motor stepper. Hasil cetak objek 2D memiliki error ukuran bentuk segitiga 4,62%, bentuk straight slog 7,49%, bentuk oval 5,54%, error sudut sebesar 0% dan error skala objek 0%. Sedangkan untuk objek 3D memiliki error rata – rata sebesar 0,29%. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian aplikasi “SolidWork” dapat menujukkan kinerja mesin dan membantu dalam pembuatan desain 2D dan 3D pada mesin 3D printer 2x2x2 meter di Lab Elektro Prodi Elektronika Politeknik Negeri Malang. ABSTRACT 3D printing machines can make the production process short and simple, this advantage has made many researchers start to develop printing machines. One of the developments in printing machines that have been carried out is the 2 x 2 x 2 meter 3D Printer machine. The success of the printing machine can be seen from the printing results by the expected design. Therefore, an application is needed that can help design 3D object designs on a 2x2x2 meter printer machine, one of which is using the CAD (Computer-Aided Design) application "SolidWork". The application "SolidWork" is open source which can help determine the effect of 3-dimensional design using CAD software on the distance, angle, and scale of objects on a 2x2x2 meter printer machine. "SolidWorks" 3D object design is saved in STL file format, then processed in Simplify 3D, the object will be sliced automatically. The sliced 3D image will produce a G-Code file. The coordinate output from the G-Code is used to drive the stepper motor. The printout of 2D objects has a triangular size error of 4.62%, a straight slog shape of 7.49%, an oval shape of 5.54%, an angle error of 0%, and a scale error of 0%. Meanwhile, 3D objects have an average error of 0.29%. Based on the results of testing the "SolidWork" application can show machine performance and assist in making 2D and 3D designs on a 2x2x2 meter 3D printer machine at the Electrical Lab of Electronics Study Program, State Polytechnic of Malang.

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Gadban, Frank, and Julian Kunkel. "Analyzing the Performance of the S3 Object Storage API for HPC Workloads." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (September 14, 2021): 8540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188540.

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The line between HPC and Cloud is getting blurry: Performance is still the main driver in HPC, while cloud storage systems are assumed to offer low latency, high throughput, high availability, and scalability. The Simple Storage Service S3 has emerged as the de facto storage API for object storage in the Cloud. This paper seeks to check if the S3 API is already a viable alternative for HPC access patterns in terms of performance or if further performance advancements are necessary. For this purpose: (a) We extend two common HPC I/O benchmarks—the IO500 and MD-Workbench—to quantify the performance of the S3 API. We perform the analysis on the Mistral supercomputer by launching the enhanced benchmarks against different S3 implementations: on-premises (Swift, MinIO) and in the Cloud (Google, IBM…). We find that these implementations do not yet meet the demanding performance and scalability expectations of HPC workloads. (b) We aim to identify the cause for the performance loss by systematically replacing parts of a popular S3 client library with lightweight replacements of lower stack components. The created S3Embedded library is highly scalable and leverages the shared cluster file systems of HPC infrastructure to accommodate arbitrary S3 client applications. Another introduced library, S3remote, uses TCP/IP for communication instead of HTTP; it provides a single local S3 gateway on each node. By broadening the scope of the IO500, this research enables the community to track the performance growth of S3 and encourage sharing best practices for performance optimization. The analysis also proves that there can be a performance convergence—at the storage level—between Cloud and HPC over time by using a high-performance S3 library like S3Embedded.

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Çakır, Hasan, Ömer Delialioğlu, and Emre Özgül. "Evaluation of information technology certificate programs in terms of 21st century skills." Journal of Human Sciences 16, no. 4 (December 3, 2019): 998–1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v16i4.5704.

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The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of an IT certificate program that contributes to the career development of individuals in terms of gaining 21st century skills, given the increasing competitive conditions of globalization process and developments in Information Technologies (IT). This study covers the Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Certificate Program in Vocational and Technical High Schools in collaboration with Cisco Networking Academy, one of the important institutions among IT certification programs. This certificate program provides training to students in the department of information technologies and electrical-electronics technologies in vocational high schools in order to meet the labor demands in the field of computer networks technology in Turkey. This certificate program is a comprehensive study starting in 2011-2012 academic year and completed in two years. However, the scope of this study is limited to the comparison of demographic characteristics and 21st century skill levels of students participating and non-participating in the certificate program. The study was conducted with 1453 students and the majority of these students were male. According to the findings of the study, it was concluded that the students who participated in the certificate program had a high level of skills in terms of 21st century skills. In addition, there was no effect of gender among students participating in technology-based certificate programs. Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. Özet Küreselleşme sürecinin artan rekabetçi koşulları ve Bilgi Teknolojilerinde (BT) yaşanan gelişmeler göz önüne alındığında, bireylerin kariyer gelişimlerine katkı sağlayan sertifika eğitim programlarının 21. yüzyıl becerilerinin kazandırılması bakımından ne derece etkili olduğunun ortaya konması bu çalışmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, BT sertifika eğitim programları arasında önemli kuruluşlardan biri olan Cisco Networking Academy işbirliği ile Mesleki ve Teknik Liselerde gerçekleştirilen Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Sertifika Programı ele alınmıştır. Bu sertifika programı, Türkiye’deki bilgisayar ağları teknolojisi alanındaki işgücü taleplerini karşılamak maksadıyla meslek liselerinin bilişim ve elektrik-elektronik teknolojileri alanlarındaki öğrenciler için eğitimler düzenlemektedir. Bu sertifika eğitim programının değerlendirilmesi 2011-2012 eğitim-öğretim yılında başlayan ve iki yılda tamamlanan kapsamlı bir çalışmadır. Ancak mevcut çalışmanın kapsamı, eğitim programının birinci yılında sertifika programına katılan öğrenciler ile katılmayan öğrencilerin demografik özellikler ve 21. yüzyıl beceri düzeyleri bakımından karşılaştırılması ile sınırlıdır. Araştırma toplamda 1453 öğrenci ile gerçekleştirilmiş olup bu öğrencilerin çoğunluğu erkeklerden oluşmaktadır. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre, sertifika programına katılan öğrencilerin katılmayan öğrencilere göre 21. yüzyıl becerileri bakımından birçok düzeyde yüksek becerilere sahip oldukları ve teknoloji ağırlıklı sertifika eğitim programlarına katılan öğrenciler arasında cinsiyete bağlı dezavantajlı grupların oluşmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

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"A Modern Approach for Speech to Text and Text to Speech Conversion Application Using Machine Learning Techniques." International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management, April 30, 2020, 302–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.35291/2454-9150.2020.0303.

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Over the past few decades, designers are considering a range of applications ranging from mobile communications to automatic machine learning. Speeches are less commonly used in the electronic and computer field due to the complexity and variety of signals and sounds. By the use of modern algorithms and methods, speech signals are processed to recognize text. In this project, we will build a online speech to text engine. The program receives speech during the run through the microphone and uses sample speech to recognize the text. The known text can be saved to a file. This is being developed on Java platform using the eclipse workbench. Our speech-to-text program directly gets and converts speech into text. It can add other great applications, giving users a different choice of data input. A text-to-speech system can also improve accessibility of the system by providing data access options for users who are blind, deaf or disabled. Voice SMS application allows the user to record and convert spoken messages into an text message. The user can send messages to the phone number which is entered. Speech recognition is done through the Internet, connecting to Google's server. The application is based on input messages in English. Speech recognition uses a technique based on hidden Markov models (HMM - Hidden Markov Model). It is currently the most effective and flexible method of speech recognition.

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Ibraim, Didmanidze, and Donadze Mikheil. "THE STATIC OPTIMIZATION TASK OF OPTIMAL DESIGN OF NONLINEAR ELECTRONIC SCHEME." Problems of Atomic Science and Technology, May 23, 2019, 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46813/2019-121-109.

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The article deals with such an important selection of the elements of electronic scheme of the given conﬁguration, when the certain requirements of technical task are satisﬁed and at the same time the selected optimality criteria reach the extreme value. The gives task has been solved by the method of one-criterion optimization, in particular, the method of center gravity. To formalize the given scheme we have compiled a mathematical model of optimization, which considers the requirements of technical task. The optimal design task of the presented electronic scheme was brought to the task of multi criteria optimization. The computational experiments have been resulted in the Pareto-optimal solutions, from which there was selected a compromise on that corresponds to the minimum capacity, required by the scheme. According to the optimal values of resistors, we have conducted a computerized analysis of the transient process of the given electronic scheme with the help of a computer program Electronics Workbench.

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"Emotion Recognition of Manipuri Speech using Convolution Neural Network." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 9, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 2364–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.f9896.059120.

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over the recent years much advancement are made in terms of artificial intelligence, machine learning, human-machine interaction etc. Voice interaction with the machine or giving command to it to perform a specific task is increasingly popular. Many consumer electronics are integrated with SIRI, Alexa, cortana, Google assist etc. But machines have limitation that they cannot interact with a person like a human conversational partner. It cannot recognize Human Emotion and react to them. Emotion Recognition from speech is a cutting edge research topic in the Human machines Interaction field. There is a demand to design a more rugged man-machine communication system, as machines are indispensable to our lives. Many researchers are working currently on speech emotion recognition(SER) to improve the man machines interaction. To achieve this goal, a computer should be able to recognize emotional states and react to them in the same way as we humans do. The effectiveness of the speech emotion recognition(SER) system depends on quality of extracted features and the type of classifiers used . In this paper we tried to identify four basic emotions: anger, sadness, neutral, happiness from speech. Here we used audio file of short Manipuri speech taken from movies as training and testing dataset . This paper use CNN to identify four different emotions using MFCC (Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient )as features extraction technique from speech.

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Awad, Jessica, Ann-Kathrin Mertz, Ingo Wendt, Carlos Monje, and Lars Krogmann. "Digitizing Insect-Plant Interactions: Lessons from the gall collection at the State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 6 (September 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.6.94286.

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As an interaction between insect and plant, galls present unique challenges to natural history collections. Traditionally, insects and plants are stored in different ranges within a museum, and a preserved gall may reasonably be placed in either one. Unidentified galls are especially difficult to categorize, as they may also be formed by non-insect agents (Roskam 2019). There is no uniform curatorial standard, which means that gall specimens do not always fit neatly into museum infrastructure. The gall collection at the State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart (SMNS) serves as a model to explore the challenges of incorporating ecological interactions into digital and physical infrastructure, as well as the benefits and uses of the resulting digital data. The entomological collection at SMNS houses an estimated 1000 to 2000 uncatalogued gall specimens, collected over approximately 200 years. Preservation methods include herbarium sheets, envelopes, albums, file folders, cardboard boxes, and folded newspaper. Some galls are also pinned in the dry insect collection alongside their inhabitants. The oldest of these are from the personal collection of Karl von Roser, who collected around Stuttgart in the early 19th century (Fig. 1), although the exact collecting dates and localities are unknown. The study set included all specimens from the local state, Baden-Württemberg (n=395). Data were digitized via the DiversityCollection application in the Diversity Workbench (Triebel et al. 1999). A new data range was created for galls. Specimens were assigned accession numbers in order by date of collection. Updated taxonomic identifications of gall formers and host plants were included. Unidentified specimens were also accessioned, which would not have been feasible with the pre-existing collection ranges. Representatives of sixty-eight gall-forming species were further selected for photographic digitization (Fig. 2). Data standardization presented significant challenges. Both taxonomic and geographical nomenclature have changed over the last 200 years, so historical interpretation was often necessary. Geographical coordinates were approximated using Google Maps. This approach was labor intensive and required specialized cultural and linguistic knowledge. However, the end results were worthwhile, including many new faunistic records, discovery of surprisingly undersampled areas (e.g., the Black Forest), and creative implementations of the digital data (a computer game). Future streamlining of the process is needed to facilitate larger-scale ecological studies, such as understanding the effects of climate change and habitat loss on gall communities over time (James et al. 2018).

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Patil, Shubangini, and Rekha Patil. "An optimized and efficient multiuser data sharing using the selection scheme design secure approach and federated learning in cloud environment." International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications, June 22, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpcc-02-2022-0047.

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Purpose Until now, a lot of research has been done and applied to provide security and original data from one user to another, such as third-party auditing and several schemes for securing the data, such as the generation of the key with the help of encryption algorithms like Rivest–Shamir–Adleman and others. Here are some of the related works that have been done previously. Remote damage control resuscitation (RDCR) scheme by Yan et al. (2017) is proposed based on the minimum bandwidth. By enabling the third party to perform the verification of public integrity. Although it supports the repair management for the corrupt data and tries to recover the original data, in practicality it fails to do so, and thus it takes more computation and communication cost than our proposed system. In a paper by Chen et al. (2015), using broadcast encryption, an idea for cloud storage data sharing has been developed. This technique aims to accomplish both broadcast data and dynamic sharing, allowing users to join and leave a group without affecting the electronic press kit (EPK). In this case, the theoretical notion was true and new, but the system’s practicality and efficiency were not acceptable, and the system’s security was also jeopardised because it proposed adding a member without altering any keys. In this research, an identity-based encryption strategy for data sharing was investigated, as well as key management and metadata techniques to improve model security (Jiang and Guo, 2017). The forward and reverse ciphertext security is supplied here. However, it is more difficult to put into practice, and one of its limitations is that it can only be used for very large amounts of cloud storage. Here, it extends support for dynamic data modification by batch auditing. The important feature of the secure and efficient privacy preserving provable data possession in cloud storage scheme was to support every important feature which includes data dynamics, privacy preservation, batch auditing and blockers verification for an untrusted and an outsourced storage model (Pathare and Chouragadec, 2017). A homomorphic signature mechanism was devised to prevent the usage of the public key certificate, which was based on the new id. This signature system was shown to be resistant to the id attack on the random oracle model and the assault of forged message (Nayak and Tripathy, 2018; Lin et al., 2017). When storing data in a public cloud, one issue is that the data owner must give an enormous number of keys to the users in order for them to access the files. At this place, the knowledge assisted software engineering (KASE) plan was publicly unveiled for the first time. While sharing a huge number of documents, the data owner simply has to supply the specific key to the user, and the user only needs to provide the single trapdoor. Although the concept is innovative, the KASE technique does not apply to the increasingly common manufactured cloud. Cui et al. (2016) claim that as the amount of data grows, distribution management system (DMS) will be unable to handle it. As a result, various proven data possession (PDP) schemes have been developed, and practically all data lacks security. So, here in these certificates, PDP was introduced, which was based on bilinear pairing. Because of its feature of being robust as well as efficient, this is mostly applicable in DMS. The main purpose of this research is to design and implement a secure cloud infrastructure for sharing group data. This research provides an efficient and secure protocol for multiple user data in the cloud, allowing many users to easily share data. Design/methodology/approach The methodology and contribution of this paper is given as follows. The major goal of this study is to design and implement a secure cloud infrastructure for sharing group data. This study provides an efficient and secure protocol for multiple user data in cloud, allowing several users to share data without difficulty. The primary purpose of this research is to design and implement a secure cloud infrastructure for sharing group data. This research develops an efficient and secure protocol for multiple user data in the cloud, allowing numerous users to exchange data without difficulty. Selection scheme design (SSD) comprises two algorithms; first algorithm is designed for limited users and algorithm 2 is redesigned for the multiple users. Further, the authors design SSD-security protocol which comprises a three-phase model, namely, Phase 1, Phase 2 and Phase 3. Phase 1 generates the parameters and distributes the private key, the second phase generates the general key for all the users that are available and third phase is designed to prevent the dishonest user to entertain in data sharing. Findings Data sharing in cloud computing provides unlimited computational resources and storage to enterprise and individuals; moreover, cloud computing leads to several privacy and security concerns such as fault tolerance, reliability, confidentiality and data integrity. Furthermore, the key consensus mechanism is fundamental cryptographic primitive for secure communication; moreover, motivated by this phenomenon, the authors developed SSDmechanismwhich embraces the multiple users in the data-sharing model. Originality/value Files shared in the cloud should be encrypted for security purpose; later these files are decrypted for the users to access the file. Furthermore, the key consensus process is a crucial cryptographic primitive for secure communication; additionally, the authors devised the SSD mechanism, which incorporates numerous users in the data-sharing model, as a result of this phenomena. For evaluation of the SSD method, the authors have considered the ideal environment of the system, that is, the authors have used java as a programming language and eclipse as the integrated drive electronics tool for the proposed model evaluation. Hardware configuration of the model is such that it is packed with 4 GB RAM and i7 processor, the authors have used the PBC library for the pairing operations (PBC Library, 2022). Furthermore, in the following section of this paper, the number of users is varied to compare with the existing methodology RDIC (Li et al., 2020). For the purposes of the SSD-security protocol, a prime number is chosen as the number of users in this work.

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Mules, Warwick. "Virtual Culture, Time and Images." M/C Journal 3, no. 2 (May 1, 2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.1839.

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Introduction The proliferation of electronic images and audiovisual forms, together with the recent expansion of Internet communication makes me wonder about the adequacy of present theoretical apparatus within the humanities and communication disciplines to explain these new phenomena and their effects on human life. As someone working roughly within a cultural and media studies framework, I have long harboured suspicions about the ability of concepts such as text, discourse and representation to give an account of the new media which does not simply reduce them to another version of earlier media forms. Many of these concepts were established during the 1970s and 80s, in the development of poststructuralism and its linguistic bias towards the analysis of literary and print media text. The application of these concepts to an electronic medium based on the visual image rather than the printed word seems somewhat perverse, and needs to be replaced by the application of other concepts drawn from a paradigm more suited for the purpose. In this brief essay, I want to explore some of the issues involved in thinking about a new cultural paradigm based on the photovisual/electronic image, to describe and critique the transformation of culture currently taking place through the accelerated uptake of new televisual, audiovisual and computer technologies. I am reminded here of the existential philosopher Heidegger's words about technology: 'the essence of technology is by no means anything technological' (Heidegger 4). For Heidegger, technology is part of the 'enframing' of the beingness which humans inhabit in various ways (Dasein). But technology itself does not constitute this beingness. This is good news for those of us (like myself) who have only a general and non-technical knowledge of the new technologies currently sweeping the globe, but who sense their profound effects on the human condition. Indeed, it suggests that technical knowledge in itself is insufficient and even inadequate to formulate appropriate questions about the relationship between technology and human being, and to the capacities of humans to respond to, and transform their technologically mediated situations. We need a new way of understanding human being as mediated by technologies, which takes into account the specific technological form in which mediation occurs today. To do this, we need new ways of conceptualising culture, and the specific kind of human subjectivity made possible within a culture conditioned by electronic media. From Material to Virtual Culture The concept of culture, as it has been predominantly understood in the humanities and associated disciplines, is based on the idea of physical presence. That is to say, culture is understood in terms of the various representations and practices that people experience within social and historical contexts defined by the living presence of one human being to another. The paradigm case here is speech-based linguistics in which all forms of communication are understood in terms of an innate subjectivity, expressed in the act of communicating something to someone else. Although privileging the site and moment of co-presence, this model does not require the speakers to be immediately present to each other in face-to-face situations, but asks only that co-presence be the ideal upon which successful acts of communication take place. As French philosopher Jacques Derrida has consistently argued over the last thirty years, all forms of western discourse, in one way or another, have been based on this kind of understanding of the way meanings and expressions of subject identity take place (Derrida 27ff.). A good case in point is the introductory essay by John Frow and Meaghan Morris to their edited text book Australian Cultural Studies: A Reader, where culture is defined as "a contested and conflictual set of practices of representation bound up with the processes of formation and re-formation of social groups" (xx). If culture is defined in terms of the agonistic formation of social groups through practices of representation, then there can be no way of thinking about culture outside the social as the privileged domain of human interaction. Culture is reduced to the social as a kind of paradigm limit, which is, in turn, characterised by the formation of social groups fixed in time and space. Even when an effort is made to indicate that social groups are themselves culturally constituted, as Frow and Morris go on to say, the social is nevertheless invoked again as an underlying presumption: "the social processes by which the categories of the real and of group existence are formed" (xx). In this model, social groups are formed by social processes. The task of representation and signification (the task of culture) is to draw the group together, no matter how widespread or dispersed, to make it coherent and identifiably different from other groups. Under these terms, the task of cultural analysis is to describe how this process takes place. This 'material' approach to culture normalises the social at the expense of the cultural, underpinned by a 'metaphysics of presence' whereby meaning and identity are established within a system of differential values (difference) by fixing human subjectivity in space and time. I argue that the uptake of new communication technologies makes this concept of culture obsolete. Culture now has to be understood in terms of 'virtual presence' in which the physical context of human existence is simultaneously 'doubled' and indeed proliferated into a virtual reality, with effective force in the 'real' world. From this perspective, we need to rethink culture so that it is no longer understood in terms of differential meanings, identities, texts, discourses and representational forms, but rather as a new kind of ontology involving the 'being' of human subjects and their relations to each other in deterritorialised fields of mediated co-presence, where the real and the virtual enmesh and interact. In this case, the laws governing physical presence no longer apply since it is possible to be 'here' and 'there' at the same time. We need a new approach and a new set of analytical terms to account for this new phenomenon. Virtual Culture and the Time of Human Presence In his well known critique of modern culture, Walter Benjamin invents the concept of the 'dialectical image' to define the visual concreteness of the everyday world and its effect on human consciousness. Dialectical images operate through an instantaneous flash of vision which breaks through everyday reality, allowing an influx of otherness to flood present awareness in a transformation of the past into the present: "the past can be seized only as an image which flashes up at the instant when it can be recognized and is never seen again" (Benjamin, Theses 255). Bypassing discourse, language and meaning, dialectical images invoke the eternal return -- the affirmation of the present as an ever-constant repetition of temporality -- as the 'ground' of history, progress and the future. Modern technology and its infinite power of reproduction has created the condition under which the image separates from its object, thereby releasing materiality from its moribund state in the past (Benjamin, The Work of Art). The ground of temporality is thus rendered virtual and evanescent, involving a 'deterritorialisation' of human experience from its ego-attachment to the present; an experience which Benjamin understands in repressed mythical terms. For Benjamin, the exemplary modern technology is photography. A photograph 'destroys' the originariness of the object, by robbing it of aura, or "the unique phenomenon of a distance, however close it may be" (Benjamin, The Work of Art 222). The photographic image is thus dialectical because it collapses the distance between the object and its image, thereby undermining the ontological space between the past and the present which might otherwise grant to the object a unique being in the presence of the viewer. But all 'things' also have their images, which can be separated and dispersed through space and time. Benjamin's approach to culture, where time surpasses space, and where the reproduced image takes priority over the real, now appears strangely prophetic. By suggesting that images are somehow directly and concretely affective in the constitution of human temporality, Benjamin has anticipated the current 'postmodern' condition in which the electronic image has become enmeshed in everyday life. As Paul Virilio argues, new communication technologies accelerate the transmission of images to such a rate that the past is collapsed into the present, creating an overpowering sense of immediacy: the speed of new optoelectronic and electroacoustic milieu becomes a final void (the void of the quick), a vacuum that no longer depends on the interval between places or things and so on the world's very extension, but on the interface of an instantaneous transmission of remote appearances, on a geographic and geometric retention in which all volume, all relief vanish. (33) Distance is now experienced in terms of its virtual proximity to the perceiving subject, in which space is no longer understood in terms of Newtonian extension, but as collapsed or compressed temporality, defined by the speed of light. In this Einsteinian world, human interaction is no longer governed by the law of non-contradiction which demands that one thing cannot be something else or somewhere else at the same time, and instead becomes 'interfacial', where the image-double enmeshes with its originary being as a co-extensive ontology based on "trans-appearance", or the effective appearance on a single horizon of two things from different space and time zones: "the direct transparence of space that enables each of us to perceive our immediate neighbours is completed by the indirect transparence of the speed-time of the electromagnetic waves that transmit our images and our voices" (Virilio 37). Like the light from some distant star which reaches earth millions of years after its explosive death, we now live in a world of remote and immediately past events, whose effects are constantly felt in real time. In this case the present is haunted by its past, creating a doppelgänger effect in which human being is doubled with its image in a co-extensive existence across space and time. Body Doubles Here we can no longer speak of the image as a representation, or even a signification, since the image is no longer secondary to the thing from which it is separated, nor is it a sign of anything else. Rather, we need to think of the possibility of a kind of 'image-event', incorporating both the physical reality of the human body and its image, stretched through time and space. French theorists Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari have developed an entire theoretical scheme to define and describe this kind of phenomenon. At one point in their magnum opus, A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia, they introduce the concept of haecceity: a body is not defined by the form that determines it nor as a determinate substance or subject nor by the organs it possesses or the function it fulfils. On the plane of consistency, a body is defined by a longitude and a latitude: in other words the sum total of the material elements belonging to it under given relations of movement and rest, speed and slowness (longitude); the sum total of the intensive affects it is capable of at a given power or degree of potential (latitude). (260) This haecceity of the human body, as "trajectory", or "interassemblage" (262) denies the priority of an originating event or substance from which its constitutive elements could be derived. For instance photographs cease to be 'indexes' of things, and become instead part of an assemblage which includes living bodies and other forms of human presence (speech, writing, expressive signs), linked contingently into assemblages through space and time. A photographic image is just as much part of the 'beingness' of something as the thing itself; things and images are part of a perpetual process of becoming; a contingent linking of bricolage with different and diverging material expressions and effects. Thinking along these lines will get us around the problem of non-contradiction (that something cannot be both 'here' and 'there' at the same time), by extending the concept of 'thing' to include all the elements of its dispersal in time and space. Here we move from the idea of a thing as unique to itself (for instance the body as human presence) and hence subject to a logic of exchange based on scarcity and lack, to the idea of a thing as 'becoming', and subject to a logic of proliferation and excess. In this case, the unique phenomenon of human presence anchored in speech can no longer be used as a focal point to fix human subjectivity, its meanings and forms of expression, since there will be many different kinds of 'presencing' of human being, through the myriad trajectories traced out in all the practices and assemblages through time and space. A Practical Approach By thinking of culture in terms of virtual presence, we can no longer assume the existence of a bedrock foundation for human interaction based on the physical proximity of individuals to each other in time and space. Rather we need to think of culture in terms the emergence of new kinds of 'beingness', which deterritorialises human presence in different ways through the mediating power of photovisual and electronic imagery. These new kinds of beingness are not really new. Recent writers and cultural theorists have already described in detail the emergence of a virtual culture in the nineteenth century with the invention of photography and film, as well as various viewing devices such as the stereoscope and other staging apparatuses including the panorama and diorama (Friedberg, Batchen, Crary). Analysis of virtual culture needs to identify the various trajectories along which elements are assembled into an incessant and contingent 'becoming'. In terms of photovisual and electronic media, this can take place in different ways. By tracing the effective history of an image, it is possible to locate points at which transformations from one form to another occur, indicating different effects in different contexts through time. For instance by scanning through old magazines, you might be able to trace the 'destiny' of a particular type of image, and the kinds of meanings associated with it. Keeping in mind that an image is not a representation, but a form of affect, it might be possible to identify critical points where the image turns into its other (in fashion imagery we are now confronted with images of thin bodies suddenly becoming too thin, and hence dangerously subversive). Another approach concerns the phenomenon known as the media event, in which electronic images outstrip and overdetermine physical events in real time to which they are attached. In this case an analysis of a media event would involve the description of the interaction between events and their mediated presence, as mutually effective in real time. Recent examples here include the Gulf War and other international emergencies and conflicts in the Balkans and the 1986 coup in the Philippines, where media presence enabled images to have a direct effect on the decisions and deployment of troops and strategic activities. In certain circumstances, the conduct of warfare might now take place entirely in virtual reality (Kellner). But these 'peak events' don't really exhaust the ways in which the phenomenon of the media event inhabits and affects our everyday lives. Indeed, it might be better to characterise our entire lives as conditioned to various degrees by media eventness, as we become more and more attached and dependent on electronic imagery and communication to gain our sense of place in the world. An analysis of this kind of everyday interaction is long overdue. We can learn about the virtual through our own everyday experiences. Here I am not so much thinking of experiences to be had in futuristic apparatuses such as the virtual reality body suit and other computer generated digital environments, but the kinds of experiences of the virtual described by Benjamin in his wanderings through the streets of Berlin and Paris in the 1920s (Benjamin, One Way Street). A casual walk down the main street of any town, and a perfunctory gaze in the shop windows will trigger many interesting connections between specific elements and the assemblages through which their effects are made known. On a recent trip to Bundaberg, a country town in Queensland, I came across a mechanised doll in a jewellery store display, made up in the likeness of a watchmaker working at a miniature workbench. The constant motion of the doll's arm as it moved up and down on the bench in a simulation of work repeated the electromechanical movements of the dozens of clocks and watches displayed elsewhere in the store window, suggesting a link between the human and the machine. Here I was presented not only with a pleasant shop display, but also with the commodification of time itself, as an endless repetition of an interval between successive actions, acted out by the doll and its perpetual movement. My pleasure at the display was channelled through the doll and his work, as a fetishised enchantment or "fairy scene" of industrialised productivity, in which the idea of time is visualised in a specific image-material form. I can imagine many other such displays in other windows in other towns and cities, all working to reproduce this particular kind of assemblage, which constantly 'pushes' the idea-image of time as commodity into the future, so long as the displays and their associated apparatuses of marketing continue in this way rather than some other way. So my suggestion then, is to open our eyes to the virtual not as a futuristic technology, but as it already shapes and defines the world around us through time. By taking the visual appearance of things as immaterial forms with material affectivity, we allow ourselves to move beyond the limitations of physical presence, which demands that one thing cannot be something else, or somewhere else at the same time. The reduction of culture to the social should be replaced by an inquiry into the proliferation of the social through the cultural, as so many experiences of the virtual in time and space. References Bataille, Georges. Visions of Excess: Selected Writings, 1927-1939.Trans. Allan Stoekl. Minneapolis: Minnesota UP, 1985. Batchen, Geoffrey. "Spectres of Cyberspace." Afterimage 23.3. Benjamin, Walter. "Theses on the Philosophy of History." Illuminations: Essays and Reflections. Trans. Hannah Arendt. New York: Schocken, 1968. 253-64. ---. "The Work of Art in the Age of Electronic Reproduction." Illuminations: Essays and Reflections. Trans. Hannah Arendt. New York: Schocken, 1968. 217-51. ---. One Way Street and Other Writings. Trans. Edmund Jephcott and Kingsley Shorter. London: Verso, 1979. Buck-Morss, Susan. The Dialectics of Seeing: Walter Benjamin and the Arcades Project. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT P, 1997. Crary, Jonathan. Techniques of the Observer: On Vision and Modernity in the Nineteenth Century. Chicago: MIT P, 1992. Derrida, Jacques. Of Grammatology. Trans. Gayatri Spivak. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1974. Friedberg, Anne. Window Shopping: Cinema and the Postmodern. Berkeley: U of California P, 1993. Frow, John. Time & Commodity Culture: Essays in Cultural Theory and Postmodernity. Oxford: Clarendon, 1997. Frow, John, and Meaghan Morris, eds. Australian Cultural Studies: A Reader. St. Leonards, NSW: Allen and Unwin, 1993. Heidegger, Martin. "The Question Concerning Technology." The Question Concerning Technology. Trans. William Lovitt. New York: Harper. 3-35. Kellner, Douglas. "Virilio, War and Technology." Theory, Culture & Society 16.5-6 (1999): 103-25. Sean Aylward Smith. "Where Does the Body End?" M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 2.3 (1999). 30 Apr. 2000 <http://www.uq.edu.au/mc/9905/end.php>. Virilio, Paul. Open Sky. Trans. Julie Rose. London: Verso, 1997. Zimnik, Nina. "'Give Me a Body': Deleuze's Time Image and the Taxonomy of the Body in the Work of Gabriele Leidloff." Enculturation 2.1 (1998). <http://www.uta.edu/huma/enculturation/>. Citation reference for this article MLA style: Warwick Mules. "Virtual Culture, Time and Images: Beyond Representation." M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 3.2 (2000). [your date of access] <http://www.api-network.com/mc/0005/images.php>. Chicago style: Warwick Mules, "Virtual Culture, Time and Images: Beyond Representation," M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 3, no. 2 (2000), <http://www.api-network.com/mc/0005/images.php> ([your date of access]). APA style: Warwick Mules. (2000) Virtual culture, time and images: beyond representation. M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 3(2). <http://www.api-network.com/mc/0005/images.php> ([your date of access]).

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Sk, Farooq. "Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 Journal > Journal > Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 > Page 6 PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF GASOLINE-ETHANOL BLENDS ON PFI-SI ENGINE Authors: D.Vinay Kumar ,G.Samhita Priyadarsini,V.Jagadeesh Babu,Y.Sai Varun Teja, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00051 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: Alcohol based fuels can be produced from renewable energy sources and has the potential to reduce pollutant emissions due to their oxygenated nature. Lighter alcohols like ethanol and methanol are easily miscible with gasoline and by blending alcohols with gasoline; a part of conventional fuel can be replaced while contributing to fuel economy. Several researchers tested various ethanol blends on different engine test rigs and identified ethanol as one of the most promising ecofriendly fuels for spark ignition engine. Its properties high octane number, high latent heat of vaporization give better performance characteristics and reduces exhaust emissions compared to gasoline. This paper focuses on studying the effects of blending 50 of ethanol by volume with gasoline as it hardly needs engine modifications. Gasoline (E0) and E50 fuels were investigated experimentally on single-cylinder, four-stroke port fuel injection spark ignition engine by varying engine speed from 1500 rpm to 3500 rpm. Performance Characteristics like torque, brake power, specific fuel consumption, and volumetric efficiency and exhaust emissions such as HC, CO, CO2, NOx were studied.. Keywords: Ethanol,Emissions,Gasoline,Port fuel Injection, Refference: I Badrawada, I. G. G., and A. A. P. Susastriawan. “Influence of ethanol–gasoline blend on performance and emission of four-stroke spark ignition motorcycle.” Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy (2019): 1-6. II Doğan, Battal, et al. “The effect of ethanol-gasoline blends on performance and exhaust emissions of a spark ignition engine through exergy analysis.” Applied Thermal Engineering 120 (2017): 433-443. III Efemwenkiekie, U. Ka, et al. “Comparative Analysis of a Four Stroke Spark Ignition Engine Performance Using Local Ethanol and Gasoline Blends.” Procedia Manufacturing 35 (2019): 1079-1086. IV Galloni, E., F. Scala, and G. Fontana. “Influence of fuel bio-alcohol content on the performance of a turbo-charged, PFI, spark-ignition engine.” Energy 170 (2019): 85-92. V Hasan, Ahmad O., et al. “Impact of changing combustion chamber geometry on emissions, and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder SI (spark ignition) engine fueled with ethanol/gasoline blends.” Fuel 231 (2018): 197-203. VI Mourad, M., and K. Mahmoud. “Investigation into SI engine performance characteristics and emissions fuelled with ethanol/butanol-gasoline blends.” Renewable Energy 143 (2019): 762-771. VII Singh, Ripudaman, et al. “Influence of fuel injection strategies on efficiency and particulate emissions of gasoline and ethanol blends in a turbocharged multi-cylinder direct injection engine.” International Journal of Engine Research (2019): 1468087419838393. VIII Thakur, Amit Kumar, et al. “Progress in performance analysis of ethanol-gasoline blends on SI engine.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 69 (2017): 324-340. View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS FOR CUSTOMIZED AFO USING ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING Authors: Gamini Suresh,Nagarjuna Maguluri,Kunchala Balakrishna, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00052 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: Neurodegenerative conditions and compressed nerves often cause an abnormal foot drop that affects an individual gait and make it difficult to walk normally. Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) is the medical device which is recommended for the patients to improve the walking ability and decrease the risk of falls. Custom AFOs provide better fit, comfort and performance than pre-manufactured ones. The technique of 3D-printing is suitable for making custom AFOs. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a 3D-printing method for custom AFO applications with the desired resistance and material deposition rate. Generally, FDM is a thermal process; therefore materials thermal behaviour plays an important role in optimizing the performance of the printed parts. The objective of this study is to evaluate the thermal behaviour of PLA, ABS, nylon and WF-PLA filaments before manufacturing the AFO components using the FDM method. In the study, the sequence of testing materials provides a basic measuring method to investigate AFO device parts thermal stability. Thermal analysis (TG/DTG and DSC) was carried out before 3D printing is to characterize the thermal stability of each material. Keywords: Additive Manufacturing,Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO),FusedDeposition Modelling,ThermalAnalysis, Refference: I. J. Pritchett, “Foot drop: Background, Anatomy, Pathophysiology,” Medscape Drugs, Dis. Proced., vol. 350, no. apr27_6, p. h1736, 2014. II. J. Graham, “Foot drop: Explaining the causes, characteristics and treatment,” Br. J. Neurosci. Nurs., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 168–172, 2010. III. Y. Feng and Y. Song, “The Categories of AFO and Its Effect on Patients With Foot Impair: A Systemic Review,” Phys. Act. Heal., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 8–16, 2017. IV. J. H. P. Pallari, K. W. Dalgarno, J. Munguia, L. Muraru, L. Peeraer, S. Telfer, and J. Woodburn” Design and additive fabrication of foot and ankle-foot orthoses”21st Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium – An Additive Manufacturing Conference, SFF 2010 (2010) 834-845 V. Y. Jin, Y. He, and A. Shih, “Process Planning for the Fuse Deposition Modeling of Ankle-Foot-Othoses,” Procedia CIRP, vol. 42, no. Isem Xviii, pp. 760–765, 2016. VI. R. K. Chen, Y. an Jin, J. Wensman, and A. Shih, “Additive manufacturing of custom orthoses and prostheses-A review,” Addit. Manuf., vol. 12, pp. 77–89, 2016. VII. A. D. Maso and F. Cosmi, “ScienceDirect 3D-printed ankle-foot orthosis : a design method,” Mater. Today Proc., vol. 12, pp. 252–261, 2019. VIII. B. Yuan et al., “Designing of a passive knee-assisting exoskeleton for weight-bearing,” in Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 2017, vol. 10463 LNAI, pp. 273–285. IX. R. Spina, B. Cavalcante, and F. Lavecchia, “Diment LE, Thompson MS, Bergmann JHM. Clinical efficacy and effectiveness of 3D printing: a systematic review.,” AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 1960, 2018. X. M. Srivastava, S. Maheshwari, T. K. Kundra, and S. Rathee, “ScienceDirect Multi-Response Optimization of Fused Deposition Modelling Process Parameters of ABS Using Response Surface Methodology ( RSM ) -Based Desirability Analysis,” Mater. Today Proc., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 1972–1977, 2017. XI. E. Malekipour, S. Attoye, and H. El-Mounayri, “Investigation of Layer Based Thermal Behavior in Fused Deposition Modeling Process by Infrared Thermography,” Procedia Manuf., vol. 26, pp. 1014–1022, 2018. XII. A. Patar, N. Jamlus, K. Makhtar, J. Mahmud, and T. Komeda, “Development of dynamic ankle foot orthosis for therapeutic application,” Procedia Eng., vol. 41, no. Iris, pp. 1432–1440, 2012. XIII. Y. A. Jin, H. Li, Y. He, and J. Z. Fu, “Quantitative analysis of surface profile in fused deposition modelling,” Addit. Manuf., vol. 8, pp. 142–148, 2015. XIV. M. Walbran, K. Turner, and A. J. McDaid, “Customized 3D printed ankle-foot orthosis with adaptable carbon fibre composite spring joint,” Cogent Eng., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2016. XV. N. Wierzbicka, F. Górski, R. Wichniarek, and W. Kuczko, “The effect of process parameters in fused deposition modelling on bonding degree and mechanical properties,” Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J., vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 283–288, 2017. XVI. S. Farah, D. G. Anderson, and R. Langer, “Physical and mechanical properties of PLA, and their functions in widespread applications — A comprehensive review,” Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., vol. 107, pp. 367–392, 2016. XVII. S. Wojtyła, P. Klama, and T. Baran, “Is 3D printing safe ? Analysis of the thermal treatment of thermoplastics : ABS , PLA , PET , and,” vol. 9624, no. April, 2017. XVIII. G. Cicala et al., “Polylactide / lignin blends,” J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 2017. XIX. S. Y. Lee, I. A. Kang, G. H. Doh, H. G. Yoon, B. D. Park, and Q. Wu, “Thermal and mechanical properties of wood flour/talc-filled polylactic acid composites: Effect of filler content and coupling treatment,” J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater., vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 209–223, 2008. XX. Y. Tao, H. Wang, Z. Li, P. Li, and S. Q. Shi, “Development and application ofwood flour-filled polylactic acid composite filament for 3d printing,” Materials (Basel)., vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 1–6, 2017. XXI. D. Lewitus, S. McCarthy, A. Ophir, and S. Kenig, “The effect of nanoclays on the properties of PLLA-modified polymers Part 1: Mechanical and thermal properties,” J. Polym. Environ., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 171–177, 2006. XXII. H. J. Chung, E. J. Lee, and S. T. Lim, “Comparison in glass transition and enthalpy relaxation between native and gelatinized rice starches,” Carbohydr. Polym., vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 287–298, 2002. View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 CFD STUDIES OF MIXING BEHAVIOR OF INERT SAND WITH BIOMASS IN FLUIDIZED BED Authors: B.J.M.Rao,K.V.N.S.Rao, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00053 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: Agriculture deposits, which remains unused and often causes ecological problems, could play an important role as an energy source to meet energy needs in developing countries ‘ rural areas. Moreover, energy levels in these deposits are low and need to be elevated by introducing efficient operative conversion technologies to utilize these residues as fuels. In this context, the utilization of a fluidized bed innovation enables a wide range of non-uniform-sized low-grade fuels to be effectively converted into other forms of energy.This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of fluidized conversion method for transformation of agricultural by-products such as rice husk, sawdust, and groundnut shells into useful energy. The present investigation was conducted to know the mixing characteristics of sand and fuel have been found by conducting experiments with mixing ratio of rice husk (1:13), saw dust(1:5) and groundnut shells (1:12), the variation of particle movement in the bed and mixing characteristics are analyzed. The impact of sand molecule size on the fluidization speed of two biofuel and sand components is studied and recommended for groundnut shells using a sand molecule of 0.6 mm size and for rice husk, sawdust 0.4 mm sand particle size. Also, establish that the particle size of sand has a significant effect on mingling features in case of sawdust. In the next part of the investigation, the CFD simulations of the fluidized bed are done to investigate the mixing behavior of sand and biomass particles. A set of simulations are conducted by ANSYS FLUENT16; the state of the bed is the same as that of the test. The findings were presented with the volume fraction of sand and biomass particles in the form of contour plots. Keywords: Biomass,sand,mixing behavior,Volume Fraction,CFD model, Refference: I Anil Tekale, Swapna God, Balaji Bedre, Pankaj Vaghela, Ganesh Madake, Suvarna Labade (2017), Energy Production from Biomass: Review, International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, Volume 2, Issue 10, ISSN No: – 2456 – 2165. II Anil Kumar, Nitin Kumar , Prashant Baredar , Ashish Shukla (2015), A review on biomass energy resources, potential, conversion and policy in India, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Reviews 45-530-539. III Zhenglan Li, ZhenhuaXue (2015), Review of Biomass Energy utilization technology, 3rd International Conference on Material, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering. IV Abdeen Mustafa Omer (2011), Biomass energy resources utilisation and waste management, Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology and Sustainable Development Vol. 3(8), pp. 149 -170 V Rijul Dhingra, Abhinav Jain, Abhishek Pandey, and Srishti Mahajan (2014), Assessment of Renewable Energy in India, International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, Vol. 5, No. 5. VI Paulina Drożyner, Wojciech Rejmer, Piotr Starowicz,AndrzejKlasa, Krystyna A. Skibniewska (2013), Biomass as a Renewable Source of Energy, Technical Sciences 16(3), 211–220. VII Souvik Das, Swati Sikdar (2016), A Review on the Non-conventional Energy Sources in Indian Perspective, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume: 03 Issue: 02. VIII Maninder, Rupinderjit Singh Kathuria, Sonia Grover, Using Agricultural Residues as a Biomass Briquetting: An Alternative Source of Energy, IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSRJEEE), ISSN: 2278-1676 Volume 1, Issue 5 (July-Aug. 2012), PP 11-15. IX H.B.Goyal, DiptenduldDeal, R.C.Saxena (2006) Bio-fuels from thermochemical conversion of renewable resources: A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 12, Issue 2Pages 504-517. X Digambar H. Patil, J. K. Shinde(2017) A Review Paper on Study of Bubbling Fluidized Bed Gasifier, International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology, Volume 4, Issue 4 XI Neil T.M. Duffy, John A. Eaton (2013) Investigation of factors affecting channelling in fixed-bed solid fuel combustion using CFD, Combustion and Flame 160, 2204–2220. XII Xing Wu, Kai Li, Feiyue and Xifeng Zhu (2017), Fluidization Behavior of Biomass Particles and its Improvement in a Cold Visualized Fluidized, Bio Resources 12(2), 3546-3559. XIII N.G. Deen, M. Van Sint Annaland, M.A. Van der Hoef, J.A.M. Kuipers (2007), Reviewof discrete particle modeling of fluidized beds, Chemical Engineering Science 62, 28 – 44. XIV BaskaraSethupathySubbaiah, Deepak Kumar Murugan, Dinesh Babu Deenadayalan, Dhamodharan.M.I (2014), Gasification of Biomass Using Fluidized Bed, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 2. XV Priyanka Kaushal, Tobias Pröll and Hermann Hofbauer, Modelling and simulation of the biomass fired dual fluidized bed gasifier at Guessing/Austria. XVI Dawit DiribaGuta (2012), Assessment of Biomass Fuel Resource Potential and Utilization in Ethiopia: Sourcing Strategies for Renewable Energies, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, Vol.2, and No.1. View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 AN APPROACH FOR OPTIMISING THE FLOW RATE CONDITIONS OF A DIVERGENT NOZZLE UNDER DIFFERENT ANGULAR CONDITIONS Authors: Lam Ratna Raju ,Ch. Pavan Satyanarayana,Neelamsetty Vijaya Kavya, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00054 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: A spout is a device which is used to offer the guidance to the gases leaving the burning chamber. Spout is a chamber which has a capability to change over the thermo-compound essentials created within the ignition chamber into lively vitality. The spout adjustments over the low speed, excessive weight, excessive temperature fuel in the consuming chamber into rapid gasoline of decrease weight and low temperature. An exciting spout is used if the spout weight volume is superior vehicles in supersonic airplane machines commonly combine a few sort of a distinctive spout. Our exam is surpassed on the use of programming like Ansys Workbench for arranging of the spout and Fluent 15.0 for separating the streams inside the spout. The events of staggers for the pipe formed spouts have been seen close by trade parameters for numerous considered one of a kind edges. The parameters underneath recognition are differentiated and that of shape spout for singular terrific edges by using keeping up the gulf, outlet and throat width and lengths of joined together and diverse quantities as same. The simultaneous component and throat expansiveness are kept regular over the cases.The surprise of stun became envisioned and the effects exhibited near closeness in direction of motion of Mach circle and its appearance plans as exposed in numerous preliminary considers on advancement in pipe molded particular spouts with assorted edges four°,7°, 10°, Occurrence of stun is seen with higher special factors Keywords: Nozzle,Supersonic Rocket Engine,Divergent edges, Refference: I. Varun, R.; Sundararajan,T.; Usha,R.; Srinivasan,ok.; Interaction among particle-laden under increased twin supersonic jets, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2010 224: 1005. II. Pandey,K.M.; Singh, A.P.; CFD Analysis of Conical Nozzle for Mach 3 at Various Angles of Divergence with Fluent Software, International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, Vol. 1, No. 2, August 2010, ISSN: 2010-0221. III. Natta, Pardhasaradhi.; Kumar, V.Ranjith.; Rao, Dr. Y.V. Hanumantha.; Flow Analysis of Rocket Nozzle Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (Cfd), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), ISSN: 2248-9622,Vol. 2, Issue five, September- October 2012, pp.1226-1235. IV. K.M. Pandey, Member IACSIT and A.P. Singh. K.M.Pandey, Member, IACSIT and S.K.YadavK.M.Pandey and S.K.Yadav, ―CFD Analysis of a Rocket Nozzle with Two Inlets at Mach2.1, Journal of Environmental Research and Development, Vol 5, No 2, 2010, pp- 308-321. V. Shigeru Aso, ArifNur Hakim, Shingo Miyamoto, Kei Inoue and Yasuhiro Tani “ Fundamental examine of supersonic combustion in natural air waft with use of surprise tunnel” Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Kyushu University, Japan , Acta Astronautica 57 (2005) 384 – 389. VI. P. Padmanathan, Dr. S. Vaidyanathan, Computational Analysis of Shockwave in Convergent Divergent Nozzle, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), ISSN: 2248-9622 , Vol. 2, Issue 2,Mar-Apr 2012, pp.1597-1605. VII. Adamson, T.C., Jr., and Nicholls., J.A., “On the shape of jets from Highly below improved Nozzles into Still Air,” Journal of the Aerospace Sciences, Vol.26, No.1, Jan 1959, pp. Sixteen-24. VIII. Lewis, C. H., Jr., and Carlson, D. J., “Normal Shock Location in underneath increased Gas and Gas particle Jets,” AIAA Journal, Vol 2, No.4, April 1964, pp. 776-777. Books IX. Anderson, John D.Jr.; Modern Compressible Flow with Historical Perspective, Third edition, 2012 X. Versteeg. H.; Malalasekra.W.; An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics The Finite Volume Method, Second Edition,2009. XI. H.K.Versteeg and W.Malala Sekhara, “An introduction to Computational fluid Dynamics”, British Library cataloguing pub, 4th version, 1996. XII. Lars Davidson, “An introduction to turbulenceModels”, Department of thermo and fluid dynamics, Chalmers college of era, Goteborg, Sweden, November, 2003. XIII. Karna s. Patel, “CFD analysis of an aerofoil”, International Journal of engineering studies,2009. XIV. K.M. Pandey, Member IACSIT and A.P. Singh “CFD Analysis of Conical Nozzle for Mach 3 at Various Angles of Divergence with Fluent Software,2017. XV. P. Parthiban, M. Robert Sagayadoss, T. Ambikapathi, Design And Analysis Of Rocket Engine Nozzle by way of the usage of CFD and Optimization of Nozzle parameters, International Journal of Engineering Research, Vol.Three., Issue.5., 2015 (Sept.-Oct.). View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF DRIVE SHAFT FOR AN AUTOMOBILE APPLICATIONS Authors: Govindarajulu Eedara,P. N. Manthru Naik, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00055 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: The driveshaft is a mechanical instrument that is used in automobiles. The other name of the drive shaft is driveshaft is prop shaft. It has one long cylindrical structure consist of two universal joints. By using the driveshaft it transfers the rotary motion to the differential by using the helical gearbox. By using this rotary motion the rare wheels will run. The 3dimensional Model of automobile drive Shaft is designed using CATIA parametric which enables product development processes and thereby brings about an optimum design. Now a day’s steel is using the best material for the driveshaft.In this paper replacing the composite materials (Kevlar, e-glass epoxy) instead of steel material and itreduces a considerable amount of weight when compared to the conventional steel shaft. The composite driveshaft have high modulus is designed by using CATIA software and tested in ANSYS for optimization of design or material check and providing the best datebook Keywords: The driveshaft ,CATIA,automobile,steel,composite materials,ANSYS,Kevla,e-glass epoxy, Refference: I A.R. Abu Talib, Aidy Ali, Mohamed A. Badie, Nur Azienda Che Lah, A.F. Golestaneh Developing a hybrid, carbon/glass-fiber-reinforced, epoxy composite automotive driveshaft, Material and Design, volume31, 2010, pp 514 – 521 II ErcanSevkat, Hikmet Tumer, Residual torsional properties of composite shafts subjected to impact Loadings, Materials, and design, volume – 51, 2013, pp -956-967. III H. Bayrakceken, S. Tasgetiren, I. Yavuz two cases of failure in the power transmission system on vehicles: A Universal joint yoke and a drive shaft, volume-14,2007,pp71. IV H.B.H. Gubran, Dynamics of hybrid shafts, Mechanics Research communication, volume – 32, 2005, pp – 368-374. V Shaw D, Simitses DJ, SheinmanI. Imperfection sensitivity of laminated cylindrical shells in torsion and axial compression. ComposStruct 1985; 4(3) pp:35–60. View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF AN SI ENGINE USING E10 EQUIVALENT TERNARY GASOLINE- ALCOHOL BLENDS." JOURNAL OF MECHANICS OF CONTINUA AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES 15, no. 7 (July 26, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00056.

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