Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Électronique numérique – Communication'
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Beaudry, Guylaine. "La communication scientifique et la révolution numérique (1969-2009) : analyse d'une période de mutation dans une perspective historique." Paris, EPHE, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EPHE4001.
Full textThe coming of digital technologies constitutes the third revolution of the book. The scientific communication is reinvented at its most general level, as in its minor details. The roles and relations between players of the communication circuits are affected. This thesis proposes an interpretation of the changes in the stakeholders structure, their roles and their relations at the moment of the digital revolution. The comparative historical analysis methodology is used to study the transformations of the scientific communication system. The different functions (production, evaluation, distribution, reception and long term preservation) are analysed at some breaking points in the history. The three points are: the 13th century with the pecia system, the coming of the printing press (15th and 16th centuries) and the advent of the scholarly journal (second half of the 17th). The study of those three important periods in the creation of the modern scientific communication system gives an analysis model for the interpretation of the transition toward the digital world. This thesis shows that the current transformations are not driven by technological determinism. The analysis of technological, but also organisational, editorial and socioeconomical triggers for the four periods, shows the persistence of recurrent themes: information overload, mimetism of expression forms and the constant presence of the trinomial "discourse-message-object" in the creation process of scientific documents
Segard, Arthur. "Conception d'une architecture pour le décodage LDPC : application au cas des codes DVB-S2." Cergy-Pontoise, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CERG0347.
Full textIn a communication chain, data to be transmitted are computed in two different ways. First, the source coding, reduce the amount of data. The second is the channel coding, wich adds specific code words to reduce the number of errors during the communication. LDPC codes are a powerful family code of channel coding. They are not widely used because of their complexity. The purpose of this thesis is to show a digital architecture wich applies the LDPC codes. This shall be done within three steps, beginning with a simplifying of the algorithm to adapt it to a digital architecture, without reducing its performances. Then it's to parallelize aIl computations to maintain a high throughput. At last, we will apply the architecture to the DVB-S2 norm
Dupré, Delphine. "La communication bousculée par la messagerie électronique : étude des incivilités numériques en contexte de travail." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BOR30003.
Full textThis PhD is part of a research program entitled “Civilinum” and aims at analyzing cyber incivility through electronic mail occurring in work settings. The concept of cyber incivility has been studied mostly in the scientific literature on psychology and management studies. In the current research, cyber incivility will be studied through a critical communication approach. The question guiding this research is: to what extent can cyber incivility be considered a symptom of organizational and communication issues? Cyber incivility through electronic mail is considered here as the “tip of the iceberg” of broader organizational difficulties. We predict that cyber incivility will be related to tense managerial relations (H1), time pressures (H2), pervasive organizational control (H3) and a lack of organizational tolerance to diversity (H4). A mixt research design was set up to test these 4 hypotheses. A survey by questionnaire was send to the professional partners of the program Civilinum. 150 participants completed the questionnaire. Data were analyzed through regression and factorial analysis. Evidence show that cyber incivility can be associated with organizational factors. The second stage of this mixt research consisted in a qualitative enquiry with a sample of 18 participants. Grounded theory method was used to analyze the qualitative data collected. The results of this doctoral research indicate the importance of organizational and communication antecedents of workplace cyber incivility
Auray, Nicolas. "Politique de l'informatique et de l'information : les pionniers de la nouvelle frontière électronique." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0129.
Full textMayeur, Didier. "Communication numérique en contexte organisationnel : approches qualitatives et expérimentales des représentations sociales et des processus de réception dans le e-commerce." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0273.
Full textDigital communication in the e-commerce sector remains poorly studied in the human, social, and communication sciences. By articulating two types of qualitative and experimental/quantitative methodologies, this multidisciplinary thesis, carried out in collaboration with Oxatis, sets out to find the solution to two main problems from an information-communication perspective. First, by mobilizing theoretical resources mainly from social psychology, a qualitative survey was conducted on a group of e-merchants. The results show that societal transformations linked to the growth of digital technology in general, and of the Internet in particular, help create a context in which e-merchants consider e-commerce as a new opportunity. The research uncovers the different types of difficulties related to the use of digital devices, including e-commerce sites.Secondly, in this context and with the aid of a multidisciplinary theoretical framework (theories of persuasive communication, social psychology of communication, theoretical models relating to user experience and engaging communication), the second objective aims to better understand the cognitive processes of reception. A series of seven experiments in an regular environment was conducted on a total of 20829 subjects. Our results show, according to our hypotheses, that a particular procedure we tested (Repeated Acquiring) generates significant effects
Ledun, Marin. "L'introduction des techniques d'information et de communication dans la sphère politique : discours et dispositifs de construction de l'expérience politique du sujet." Grenoble 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE39053.
Full textLemaitre, Aurélie. "Introduction de la vision perceptive pour la reconnaissance de la structure de documents." Rennes, INSA, 2008. ftp://ftp.irisa.fr/techreports/theses/2008/lemaitre.pdf.
Full textHuman perceptive vision combines several levels of perception in order to simplify the interpretation of a scene. It is represented by physiologists as a perceptive cycle guided by visual attention. We propose to use this principle for the recognition of images of old and handwritten documents. Thus, we propose a generic architecture, DMOS-P, that makes it possible to specify mechanisms of perceptive cooperation that makes easier the description and improve the recognition of the structure of documents. In the applications, we show a prediction/verification mechanism: the low resolution vision provides hypotheses on the structure, using the global context; these hypotheses are then verified at a higher resolution. We validated this approach on various kinds of documents (handwritten incoming mails, archive registers, newspapers…) and at a large scale (more than 80,000 images)
Portier, Fabrice. "Systèmes hertziens à forte efficacité spectrale pour les communications mobiles multi-antennes et multi-porteuses de 4e génération." Rennes, INSA, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694774.
Full textThis study contributes to European projects on 4G wireless systems and proposes optimized downlink solutions. The considered multi-carrier, multi-user and multi-antenna systems intend to benefit from the properties of the wideband mobile propagation channel. The strategy depicted takes advantage of the antenna array, diversity and MIMO multiplexing gains depending on the context. The MIMO-OFDM-CDMA digital communication chain insists on the flexibility of the algorithms. The optimization also relies on innovative techniques for coding and estimating in space/time/frequency. First, pragmatism means exploitation of diversity to ensure robustness, simple detection and compatibility with a wide range of terminals. Then, we suggest additional high-rate solutions when the number of antennas increases, with a simple MMSE detection. Finally, we introduce proper MIMO channel estimation schemes, using scattered pilots and iterative methods with decoded data. The various results exhibit the relevance of the developed solutions
Raoul, Bruno. "Communication, territoire, mutations industrielles : l'industrialisation régionale entre développement local et globalisation : le cas de l'industrie électronique en Bretagne." Rennes 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN20021.
Full textFar from being restricted to the only world of media, communication today appears as a technical and symbolic matrix of the dominant development pattern. In particular, it impregnates materially and ideologically the sphere of production and exchanges. Indeed, in support of technological advances achieved in the field of electronic communication and strengthened by social technologies of management and communication, in a context of deregulation of communication systems, a new industrialism is taking shape, one which supposes a new relation between industry and territory. To be more precise, industrial changes turn out to be at the source of shifts in meaning occurring about the notion of territory. Under cover of the emergence of a new production structure, communication is thus at the heart of a movement of "deterritorialisation-reterritorialisation". Regional industrialization reflects this new reality of production. Marked by the state control seal during the "glorious thirty", it is now particularly worked on by local development policies encouraged by decentralisation and also by globalization strategies implemented by transnational firms. However, local development, borne by elites who are mediators of bewitching discourse on science, technology, innovation communication, management and enterprise, seems to partake of modernistic and globalising dynamic of capitalism and appears as a form of subjection of local actors to a new mode of exercising power and domination in the production sphere. The meaning of regional industrialization can be evaluated at ell. To confirm the problematic set out, a case study dealing with the electronics industry in Brittany aims at highlighting characteristics of a regional industrial activity, born from a state decision and developed under it
Diridollou, Cédric. "L' Emergence des marchés. Construction sociale, conventions et réseaux : le cas de l'édition numérique." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA111009.
Full textSaintier, David. "Caractérisation numérique d’antennes VLF-LF en environnement réel." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4081/document.
Full textSubmarine communications are the main usage of the very low frequency (VLF). This frequency band allows to radiate up to a few tens meter of depth and to a very long distance. Antennas for such telecommunications are necessarily small in regard to the wavelength. However, these structures are composed of hundred meters of thin metallic cables and their locations are often chosen for their dielectric characteristics or the structural advantage provided by the relief. To evaluate such antennas, we propose to use a home-made software, based on the TLM method. Such technique can be efficient for studying wide band electromagnetic problems in complex dielectric environment. Then we have improved the TLM Thin Wire model and we have evaluated its performances in realistic environment. In this document, we present our work and its validation by comparing our results to those obtained with the commercial software FEKO, based on the MoM, considered as the most suitable technique for this kind of problem. A solution assuring a good accuracy of the model for an arbitrary orientation of the Thine Wire in the 3D cartesian grid was proposed. We have also specified the limitations of the bent wire and the wires junction. In addition, we have studied the interaction between the wire and inhomogeneous media. This is an ambitious problem for which we brought some elements of answer but which remains a challenge. Finally, we have tested our software on some realistic antenna systems. The simulations of a valley span T antennas system allow to understand the functioning of such radiating structure and to show the interest of our method. The computation times are significantly lower with the TLM method than with FEKO to deal with antennas above such complex ground. However, the simulations of a Trideco antenna with aerial or buried radial ground plane showed the actual limitations of the TLM software which remains handicapped by an insufficient accuracy of the wires junction model and the inhomogeneous media interactions
Abayaje, Furat. "Transmission numérique sans fil en bande de base pour la communication à courte distance avec des circuits cryogéniques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT017/document.
Full textRapid Single-Flux-Quantum (RSFQ) logic circuits based on superconducting Josephson junctions are using to generate, process and transmit very short quantized pulses whose area is the quantum of magnetic flux h/2e and corresponds to 2.07 mV.ps. Such circuits are used to process signals at very high speed with clock frequencies in the 10-120 GHz range and a power consumption about 100 to 1000 times lower that their best available semiconductor counterparts (including the cost of cooling down to 4,2K). RSFQ logic is an interesting alternative for supercomputers and offers unsurpassed performances for processing microwave signals on the fly. Once digital signals are processed at cryogenic temperature the key challenge is to transfer at room temperature the low-voltage output digital signals (about 200-1000µV) at high rates of about 1-10Gbps per channel, by limiting the thermal burden on the cryogenic system, in order to build high performance high throughput systems.A solution is to transmit the signals with a wireless emitting-receiving antenna set with a suitable bandwidth. This work examines several wireless baseband transmission systems in a short distance configuration, associated to the distance between the cryogenic and room temperature stages, for data rates in the range of a few Gbps. It elaborates on four crucial issues :• the choice and study of the proper line codes to be used for baseband transmission of digital signals without the need for analogue modulations, such as Polar Return-to-Zero and Manchester encodings ;• the study and selection of ultra-wide bandwidth antennas with a focus on small size Antipodal Vivaldi Antennas and monopole antennas to meet cryogenic constraints ;• the study of the Bit Error Rate (BER) of the transmitting system. Two methods were developed to recover the digital output signals and minimize the BER.• the comparison between simulations and measurements to assess the performance of the overall system
Ojail, Maroun. "Com'on : plateforme reconfigurable hétérogène pour terminaux mobiles multistandards et multimodes." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S079.
Full textNumerous wireless telecommunications standards and applications coexist nowadays. The trade-offs between flexibility and performances are highly variable in this application domain. A local adequation between the hardware structure and the part of the application is then a must. Com'on platform, a heterogeneous reconfigurable architecture, is thus designed. For each function or group of functions, the adequate hardware is identified and implemented. A control processor is implemented to dynamically allocate the functions on the different processing units of the platform and a specific network is conceived to manage data communication and synchronization between the different parts of the architecture. By implementing a heterogeneous architecture which uses the adequate hardware for each function of the application domain, the required infrastructure (mainly in terms of flexibility) for opportunistic mobile terminals is obtained while introducing a small area and energy consumption overhead
Fesquet, Laurent. "Integration de sous-systemes photoniques dans les architectures de communication multiprocesseurs." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30201.
Full textKaramaguioli, Vassiliki. "Droits de l’homme, Internet, et processus politiques participatifs : réinventer une relation à l’ère du numérique au profit des citoyens." Thesis, Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080062.
Full textThis thesis examines the implications of the use of the Internet in the political process and discusses the degree to which the Internet is a suitable space for the articulation of citizen democracy. The issues to be addressed are: Is the use of the Internet the appropriate mean to maintain a balance between the communicative power and modern democracies functioning? Does its usage risk of harm democracy and which the interrelation between the flourishing of human rights and the way Governments all around the world define the citizens -policy makers relation
Sebei, Mouna. "Diffusion du commerce électronique en Tunisie : une analyse et modélisation des comportements d’adoption de l’internet et des services marchands par les jeunes." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR0030/document.
Full textIn the era of the third Internet revolution, that of the Internet of Things (IoT), a lot of hope is turned to digital technologies to develop economies and boost local trade. In the Maghreb countries, especially in Tunisia, those hope are turned on the demand side. More specifically, at the end of the Arab Spring, and because of the role played by social networks (Facebook in particular) to mobilize young people to demonstrate in the streets of Tunis, the new Ministry of Commerce hopes in this population young to develop e-commerce. Based on this observation, this thesis proposes to study whether young Tunisians are the early adopters who will disseminate e-commerce in Tunisia. For this, the research problematic focuses on the factors of adoption of e-commerce by young people in Tunisia. To answer this research question, the thesis proposes at first to draw up the inventory of the diffusion of the internet within a population of young students. Before doing so, we propose in the first part of the thesis an inventory of the technologies territory’s coverage of the access to digital services. This inventory is discussed in support of a review of the literature on the digital divide. In a second step, she proposes an empirical and exploratory analysis conducted with a sample of about 400 Tunisian students. This study focuses on the adoption factors of the Internet and market services (e-commerce). Structured in two parts, the first part of the survey is exploited using econometric statistics and the second part uses structural equation analysis methods. The results of the thesis show that while the use of the internet is relatively well distributed to young Tunisians, the willingness to adopt e-commerce should be encouraged. For this, an adoption model is proposed in the second part of the thesis. It highlights what factors encourages or inhibit the adoption of e-commerce in Tunisia. The results of this model and the work carried out in Part 1 allow in the concluding part of the thesis to make various recommendations to companies engaged in a project to put their commercial activity online on one hand, and on the other hand towards the public actors to encourage the adoption of the internet marketing services in Tunisia
Bibié-Emerit, Laetitia. "Description du discours numérique : étude des bouleversements linguistiques du web 2.0 au travers de l'exemple des souhaits d'anniversaire sur Facebook." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30076/document.
Full textThis research provides a description of the digital discourse as it appears in the digital environment that is Facebook. It is based on the study of birthday wishes, showing how their final shape may be influenced by technological influence site. The first part provides an overview of developments in research on digital discourse, describing on one hand the context of emergence of Web 2.0 and discursive and epistemological changes that it has caused. And also known linguistic specificities of the speech appearing in digital environments. The second part shows that the advent of the social web has changed things in research on digital discourse, demanding a multidisciplinary approach. This reflection requires an interest in that production environment and affordances that provides speakers. This new epistemological positioning allows to rethink the description of Facebook, not as a communicative platform, but as a complex discursive environment by questioning the notions of identity, privacy and socio-emotional ties. The third and final part of this thesis presents the issues related to the study of a concrete case of natively digital writing. The description and analysis of birthday wishes on Facebook and methodological and theoretical tools adapted to digital environments used for this purpose. The description and analysis of birthday wishes on Facebook show two technolinguistic aspects in this type of discourse. The first is environmental action on language production, it is the case of technological preconstruction but also taking account of exposure of the message by the speakers (redefinition of socio-emotional bond). The second is the integration of technology within the same discursive forms, generating new technological genders as the discourse by button or statements increased as hashtags
Ndukuma, Adjayi Kodjo. "Le droit de l'économie numérique en République Démocratique du Congo à la lumière des expériences européennes et Françaises." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D085.
Full textThe expansion of telecoms and digitalization has fuelled the digital revolution. Their societal aspects represent a tangible source for legal dealings within the e-commerce and the information economy. The first line of inquiry establishes a model for the legal framework created over time for the European and French e-commerce. It demonstrates that legal adjustments narrowly followed the evolution of telecommunications methods : teleshopping (1989), remote contracts (1997), supplies for remote financial services (2002). However, the rise of this "electronic gateway" revolutionized the services of the Information Society, regulated since 2000 by the directive 2000/31/CE. (I)The second line of inquiry analyses the evolution of legislative policies on telecoms and electronic communications in Europe and in France. Because of the globalization of trade, the expansion of technological communications, the internationalization of networks and the growth of multinational firms, the international trade law transferred European legal standards of telecoms in Africa (DRC). (II) Congolese legislation, for instance, has followed the European model of deregulation. By opening rights of access to the telecoms sector, which was previously monopolistic, the country is undergoing the transformation of public services into the market economy. Everywhere, the regulation right creates new challenges for the separation of regulation, operation and control services. In addition, competition raises a new challenge regarding the self-regulation of trade by economic powers. (III) As innovations continue, the initial law of telecoms in RDC is unable to regulate the contingencies of the digital revolution, in particular in the areas of personal data and cybercrime. Since April 2017, the Congolese parliament is working
Beydoun, Ali. "Systèmes de numérisation hautes performances à base de modulateurs sigma delta passe-bande." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00292340.
Full textDrâmbӑ, Mihaela. "L'évolution organisationnelle de l'administration départementale dans le contexte de la numérisation généralisée." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20015/document.
Full textThis thesis examines the local French administration and its territorial de/reconstructions in relation to the digitalization process in a changing environment in which the efficiency of the public action is of main concern. Contrary to other studies, this research is based on a dynamic definition of the territory as a framework for collective action and on a broad concept oforganizational process which produces a weaving where lines of de/re/territorialisation get entangled. These lines are studied as a manner of being and acting and are thus involved in the process of structuring effective organizations. This process is observed from the perspective that the propensity to efficiency is found underlying or manifest in the form of digital media and its joint arrangement. The de/re/territorialisation mechanisms linked to digitalization were investigated during a three years fieldwork. If the coexistence of organizational coding and decoding are making the territory alive, actual and becoming at the same time, the tendency to higher code enhancing through digitalization challenges the capacity to renew the potential of efficiency
Medzo-M'engone, Joseph. "Usage des TIC, qualité de vie, bien-être et santé psychologique au travail : une étude réalisée au Ministère de l'Economie Numérique, de la Communication et de la Poste du Gabon." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2067/document.
Full textThe use of technology in public organizations in some African countries such as Gabon reflects a desire to improve quality of service for users and to make work processes more effective. Literature presents evidences that technological innovations in Western companies bring some advantages on both organizational and socio-professional levels, but also numerous negative impacts. The impact of technological change on occupational and organizational psychology in Public Administration in Gabon has not been studied yet. This thesis seeks to understand the impact of technologies on the Work-Related Quality of Life (WRQoL) factors and on psychological health and well-being in a larger governmental department. In this perspective, two studies (involving a mix of qualitative approaches with analysis and comprehension of their occupations, and of quantitative approaches with the measurement of the QWL and well-being), based on 91 senior civil servants, have been conducted, before and after the Ministry was computerised.The first study (T1) highlights the senior civil servants’ socio-professional and psychosocial conditions prior to the implementation of new technologies. As such, semi-structured interviews show that senior civil servants do their jobs depending on the nature of their positions. Findings reveal particularly inflexible and hierarchical organisational conditions. The presence and the pregnance of the «clannish culture » also determine working arrangements and communicating, which is mainly characterized by community-based working relationships and where ethnicity and regional belonging play a major role. Furthermore, QWL survey data show a relatively low level of psychological well-being in senior civil servants even though they feel positively about their various work situations.The second study (T2) describes senior civil servants’ socio-professional and psychosocial status six months following the implementation of new technologies. Our analyses show that the introduction of new technologies has led to big changes in work organisation, such as restructuring on the socio-professional, collective (a better collaboration and coordination), organizational (enhanced flexibility and initiatives) and personal (efficiency, reactivity and rapidity in carrying out administrative tasks) levels. Findings underline that senior civil servants set up new, more flexible plans of action when facing the inconsistencies revealed by the study. Statistical studies show that new technologies have a fairly positive impact on their psychological well-being. Devices also positively affect senior civil servants’ flexibility in decision-making, but paradoxically lead to a relatively high psychological demand. Yet, senior civil servants see their working conditions as positive in the technological context. The national (clannish) culture, which persists even after the introduction of technological tools, seems to play a mediating and even moderating role in the use and the impacts of ICT (Information and Communications Technologies) on senior civil servants’ psychological well-being and occupational health.To conclude, this thesis work provides key elements of reflection and analysis on the links between digitization of administrative activity and the concepts of QWL, well-being and health in public organizations of African developing countries such as Gabon
Bertrand, Joël. "Algorithmes de traitement d'antenne appliqués aux systèmes de communications numériques à étalement de spectre." Paris, CNAM, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CNAM0419.
Full textThis Phd thesis talks about modulation and demodulation algorithms suitable in a base station using antenna array both in uplink and downlink mode and working with a CDMA radiomobile configuration. Firts we will focus on the elaboration of a space-time receiver algorithm which tends to reduce interferences from other mobiles than lose of interests. This algorithm is placed near a Rake2D demodulator (reference algorithm) in a simulator that processes real signals. Once the signals of interest are synchronised in frequency and in time, we compare the error rate of both algorithm. The low gain in term of error rate of the anti-reference algorithm compared to the reference algorithm leads us to propose a new criterion for the receiver. This criterion leads to optimal, linear, multiuser space-time receiver. The final structure is an MLSE receiver that was validated by a whole of numerical simulations based on synthesized signals using non-cyclic spreading codes. In a second time, we leave receiver algorithm to focus on transmitter algorithm. We present a new algorithm which is able to compute power and antenna weights associated to all mobiles in a cell. This algorithm, named Obèle algorithm, converges to the minimum of the configutaion space
Beasse, Muriel. "Conditions d'énonciations et stratégies d'écriture des narrations journalistiques du web : les renouvellements d'un contrat de véridicité." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAG025.
Full textThis thesis focuses on seeking to understand the tension between transformations in contemporary journalistic writing and the obligation of truth traditionally associated with this activity. This idealised social mandate speaks to the appeal and to the legitimacy of journalistic practice and has a strong echo in the shifting public spaces where media companies and journalists are experimenting with new ways to inform. The research focuses on multimedia journalistic narratives exploiting the specificities of digital writing (webdocumentary, scrollytelling, long format, etc.). Our hypothesis is that the changes at play in these informative devices are negotiated in the cooperative dimension of the web. This work investigates the emergent practice of webjournalism as acts of writing in which narrative and digital modalities contribute to a reformulation of veridicity as a journalistic contract
Giard, Pascal. "Dorsale de communication CORBA pour la conception et la vérification fonctionnelle de circuits électroniques numériques complexes." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2009. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/50/1/GIARD_Pascal.pdf.
Full textLiu, Ming. "Analysis and optimization of the asian mobile and terrestrial digital television systems." Rennes, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAR0005.
Full textThis thesis mainly focuses on the challenging channel estimation problem in the new Chinese digital television (DTV) standard-DTMB. First, we compare DTMB with DVB-T in terms of system specifications, power efficiency and BER. Secondly, we study channel estimation methods exploring the pseudo noise (PN) sequence in frequency and time domains. The frequency domain method is easy to implement. The time domain technique based on correlation of the PN provides a better performance, but suffers from an estimation error floor. Consequently we propose several methods to mitigate the error floor. Finally, we propose new data-aided channel estimation methods which exclude decoding and interleaving from the feedback loop to reduce the computational complexity. Moving average and Wiener filtering in frequency and time domains have been studied to refine the estimates. The new algorithms provide superior performance over the typical methods in the literatures in different applications and channels
Mayer, Ariane. "Lecteur de soi-même : le sujet contemporain à l’épreuve des lectures numériques." Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2306/document.
Full textThis work offers a philosophical research about the transformations of literary reading under the digital environment. We question the issues of the new forms and techniques of textuality regarding subjectivity, such as it builds and interprets itself in light of reading. This research is based on two hypotheses. The first one, stated by Proust in “Le Temps Retrouvé”, is that “every reader, as he reads, is the very reader of himself”, equating reading to a privileged subjectivity matrix, a place where the self comes out and discerns itself. The second one was expressed by the neurologist Maryanne Wolf: “we are how we read”. Beside the story we are told, the empirical practices and techniques of the reading act also participate in our ontological constitution. Today, those empirical elements are disrupted by the digital that gives birth to new mediums, textual forms and reading spaces. Our work is at the encounter of a series of technological transformations and the hermeneutic metamorphoses they arouse. If the book has long been a mediation to read oneself and a model for understanding the world, then what becomes of our relationship to the others and to ourselves when the book gives way to novel objects? We approach digital literary reading as a prism through which questioning the becoming of contemporary subjectivity. This research invites us to meditate on the renewal of aesthetic imagination, social imagination and existential imagination aroused by the experience of the electronic text
Mugwaneza, Léon. "Contrôle des communications dans les machines parallèles à mémoire distribuée : contribution au routage automatique des messages." Grenoble INPG, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005138.
Full textMiquet, Harald. "Collectivités territoriales et systèmes de régulation en matière de communications électroniques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0227.
Full textNowadays, more and more responsibility is being handed over to local authorities in the setting up and running of publicly-owned broadband networks. The way in which this growing responsibility is implemented has to be studied from the dual aspect of public and private intervention.For although, as planners of local development, local authorities are responsible for the coordination of public service broadband activities, they nevertheless call upon the expertise of private enterprise. This thesis analyses how cooperation between public and private sectors works and seems to be driven by a logic of functional subsidiarity. Local authorities, as economic operators subject to the competition rules of the Treaty, now acquire the status of telecommunications service provider and are thus governed by specificliberalised sector regulations. The purpose of the present work is to outline how public intiatives are shaped by the main regulatory models to which the deployment of next generation access networks is subject
Zwolinska, Monika. "Sécurité et libertés fondamentales des communications électroniques en droit français, européen et international." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0038/document.
Full textThe impact of today’s information and communication technologies is essential forthe exercice of human rights, particularly concerning freedom of expression and privacyprotection. With the massive use of Internet, mobile phones and – more recently – other smart objects and digital services, the tension mounts with respect to establishing the limit between public and private space online. Likewise, the freedom of expression, communication and information are at risk as - under the pretext of fighting cybercrime and cyber terrorism, as well as maintaining public order - public authorities interfere with online contents by controlling, monitoring, restraining or prohibiting it. Especially as both States’ and private companies’ capacities in creating extremely precise databases identifying information on persons’ consumption habits, itineraries, thoughts and opinions gradually increase. Therefore, the need to redefine the way in which the respect of fundamental freedoms is taken into consideration in the context of digital environment becomes urgent
Choqueuse, Vincent. "Interception des signaux issus de communications MIMO." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00383355.
Full textLesur, Benoît. "Validations de modèles numériques de grands réseaux pour l'optimisation d'antennes à pointage électronique en bande Ka." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0111/document.
Full textThe rapid expansion of satellite communications and information and communications technology led to an increasing demand from end-users. Hence, services offering In-Flight Connectivity for airlines passengers are emerging. This work is focused on the implementation of accurate numerical models of large antenna arrays meant for this scope. After having put things into context and recalled issues linked to antenna arrays, numerical and experimental test vehicles are made, allowing to validate the modelling methodologies. Finally, the modelling of a large, dual circular polarization and wide-angle scanning radiating panel is addressed. This study then allows to estimate the performance of the panel function of steering requirements and possible dispersions from the active channels
Kembellec, Gérald. "Bibliographies scientifiques : de la recherche d'informations à la production de documents normés." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00771553.
Full textPuimatto, Gérard. "Les réseaux numériques éducatifs, régulateurs, acteurs et vecteurs de l'évolution des pratiques et de l'organisation des établissements et de l'institution scolaires." Paris 13, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA131008.
Full textVarious networks, gathered under the generic term of educational digital network, developed in the French school system since 1987 to 2005: telematics, local area networks, Internet, Intranet and digital spaces were laminated, gradually working out a component of a mediatized school communication. This research is located under lightings of the technique, the uses and the organization; it takes as a starting point the actor-network theory (ANT), in an analysis of the conditions of sociotechnic innovations establishment. It reveals heavy and concomitant tendencies, determining in a general globalisation and vulgarizing process of the communication functions at school: progressive organization of a total architecture of information, assertion of the importance of a strategic step which puts the dynamic ones of use on the second level, logic of industrialization and progressive extension of the school field towards the residence
Baras, Cléo. "Tatouage informé de signaux audio numériques." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001790.
Full textRachedi, Kammel. "Antennes compactes reconfigurables en diagramme de rayonnement pour la modulation spatiale MIMO et introduction aux communications numériques par rétrodiffuseurs." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS323.
Full textThe Spatial Modulation MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) SM-MIMO has emerged to meet both the growing need for high data rates and energy efficiency of connected devices for the Internet of Things (IoT) and wireless networks (5G , Wi-Fi, etc ...). It is characterized by the use of a network of transmitters. Each element of the transmitter network encodes a particular symbol. But this solution is not conceivable for the implementation of small connected objects. In the first part of the thesis, we have developed several reconfigurable antennas. For our purposes, a reconfigurable antenna has different radiation patterns whose each of them codes for a particular binary data. The first prototypes manufactured are based on a meander line in coupling with parasitic resonators. To increase the antenna’s compactness, we have developed a split-ring antenna generating 8 different decorrelated radiation patterns at the frequency of 2.45GHz. To estimate the reliability of the radio transmission, we numerically compute and experimentally evaluate the probability of errors of transmission (BER) as a function of the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). Our antennas show promising results in the implementation of a digital communication in indoor environment. In the second part of the thesis, in order to transmit data to a receiver, we have exploited ambient electromagnetic waves as sources of opportunity. This new digital communication technique is based on a backscatter capable of switching between different states of impedence and thus modulating the ambient electric field. These networks are subject to deep fadings. In particular, it is shown that the interference pattern between a wave source, a backscatter and a receiver strongly depends on their location in space. We estimate the BER of backscatter communication and demonstrate that it depends on the power of contrast estimated by the receiver. At the end of the manuscript, possible search axes are given to improve the sensitivity of the receiver towards the backscatter and to increase the data rate of this digital communication
Deparis, Nicolas. "Liaisons numériques haut débit ultra large bande transposées autour de 60 GHz pour objets mobiles communicants." Lille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL10163.
Full textEl, Morr Christo. "Étude et développement d'un prototype de réseau d'archivage et de communication d'images médicales, accessible par Internet, Intranet et RNIS." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMPD982.
Full textCrussière, Matthieu. "Etude et optimisation de communications à haut-débit sur lignes d'énergie : exploitation de la combinaison OFDM/CDMA." Rennes, INSA, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00083372.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the study and the optimisation of high bit-rate power line communications, using ofdm and cdma schemes. This study is related to the exploitation of the electrical local loop for home internet access purposes. The first part of the document focuses on the communication system specifications. A state of the art of power line communications is first introduced, as well as an overview on the power grid structure and the power line channel characteristics. Different choices are then assessed concerning the digital communication system to develop, taking into account the point-to-multipoint multi-user transmission scenario. One of the various combinations between ofdm and cdma schemes, commonly referred to as ss-mc-ma, is in particular investigated and a frame structure is proposed. The second part is dedicated to the study of synchronisation and channel estimation techniques. The effects of synchronisation inaccuracies are first analysed, and the sensitivity of the system to timing errors is assessed. A timing synchronisation procedure is then proposed and described, using novel algorithms for joint fine timing recovery and channel estimation. Two approaches, relying on a time or frequency procedures are eventually analysed and compared. The last part of the study is interested in resource allocation procedures for the ss-mc-ma waveform and in the cases of single or multi-user scenarios. The adaptive modulation principles, commonly applied to ofdm signals, is first introduced and then adapted to the ss-mc-ma system. New bit loading algorithms are then proposed, considering power limitations due to spectral mask constraints. It is then shown that the spreading component allows to increase the number of bit to be transmitted or the robustness of the system. Numerous results, obtained for different transmission scenarios, tend to prove that the adaptive ss-mc-ma system outperforms the classical adaptive ofdm (e. G. Dmt) system
Wang, Rujiang. "Mitigating error propagation of decision feedback equalization in boradband communications." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/.
Full textFoglia, Manzillo Francesco. "Wideband and flat multibeam antenna solutions for ultrafast communications in millimeter band." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S110/document.
Full textThe ever-growing demand for fast and seamless connectivity shows the need of new wireless standards and technologies. Novel broadband, wide-angle scanning antennas achieving an optimal trade-off among size, gain, efficiency and costs are crucial to the development of emerging applications at millimeter waves, such as fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks and satellite communications. In this thesis, multibeam parallel-fed continuous transverse stub (CTS) array antennas are proposed as possible candidates for future mm-wave communications and are developed to tackle these requirements. The antenna architecture comprises an array of long slots, a corporate feed network based on parallel plate waveguides (PPWs) and an integrated quasi-optical beamformer. First, novel numerical models for the analysis of each subsystem and of the overall antenna, are presented, which enable an efficient and modular design of CTS antennas. These tools are exploited to derive design guidelines and assess the scanning performance. Then, novel design and technological solutions for the integration of CTS antennas in flat, low-profile multilayer modules are discussed. The design and characterization of two prototypes in LTCC technology, for 60-GHz mobile access points are presented: a fixed beam array and a switched-beam antenna with a field of view of ±40°, low SLLs and high beam overlap. Finally, planar linear-to-circular polarization converters are proposed to realize circularly polarized CTS antenna systems. A procedure to achieve an ultra-wideband, low-loss polarization conversion is outlined and a design for Ka-band satellite application is presented
Dolbeau-Bandin, Cécile. "Les noces de Chypre du Monde et du Monde. Fr ? : "lecture communicationnelle" de la mise en ligne sous pages web d'un quotidien national d'actualité générale et politique en 2001." Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30052.
Full textWe are interested in the organisational and informational models in identity, brought about by the coexistence of paper and electronic media in the domain of daily newspapers. We define these changes through a specific case: placing the daily newspaper Le Monde on the Internet as Web pages. Our concern is how the organisational and informational models in identity, related to placing a daily newspaper on-line, are understood by a “communicational reading”. We explore the on-line newspaper industry using l'“approche communicationnelle” (Alex Mucchielli, 1997, 1998, 2000). This approach pays particular attention to the communication processes which define the on-line newspaper industry. Our objective is to research how the nature of journalism arises, sets itself up and evolves with the help of information and communication technologies
Viland, Pierre. "Etude et optimisation de nouvelles méthodes de construction de codes temps-espace en treillis pour des constellations PSK et QAM." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00629693.
Full textBernetière, Camille. "L’introduction d'outils numériques dans les offices de tourisme : Énonciations spatiales et pratiques des conseillers." Thesis, Avignon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AVIG1164/document.
Full textThe emergence of a strong competitive environment between destinations compels tourist offices to stand out from one another so as to carry out their role of tourist information communication agencies. The present thesis argues that the spatio-communicational strategies implemented with digital equipment by tourist offices have a major impact on counselors’ guidelines for a trip. These strategies reproduce spatially the four basic components of a tourist office: territory, knowledge, customer relation, and digital tools. The study of these components and their spatial translation, especially in regard to their production, highlights three ideal types of spatio-communicational strategies: enticement, promotion and the claiming of identity. Lastly, the analysis of counsellors’ practices induced by space (as evidenced by their observations and retrospective testimonies) reveals a mutation of mission statements: influenced by spatial factors, counselors turn into ambassadors of the territory, experts of tourist happenings, or even digital mediators in their dealings with customers. Therefore, spatial enunciation has referred to all the possible techniques and strategies derived from spatialized relationships affecting communication
Djouani, Mohamed. "Recherche d'information dans les documents numériques : vers une variation des modalités d'exécution procédurale." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00945859.
Full textCohen, Véronique-Déborah. "La spécificité des contrats liés aux technologies issues du numérique. Quelles singularités ces contrats présentent-ils, comparés à ceux du monde analogique ?" Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020083/document.
Full textOver the last decades, the fast-evolving technologies and the information and communication technologies (I.C.T) have been widespread in the current analogical world. They are engendered agreements which need a particular approach and which can’t be ignored today, because of their difficulties of application, interpretation, and even of qualification. The analogical world failed to offer a legal framework to that innovative and dynamic digital world creating tremendous legal uncertainty. Consequently, the emerging lack of appropriate agreements forced policymakers, regulators and legislators to elaborate new governance, new regulation and new acts to respond to those needs and expectations issued of the Information Society. The purpose is also to answer to the real needs of the lawyers and the professors of Law. These agreements are very different of the agreements of the analogical world in numerous points, but are inscribed in a logical and natural evolution of the Right of contracts. That’s why, it’s necessary to know what is their place in the legal life, and above all, how they are perceived and analyzed regarding the more "classical" contracts of the analogical world. Furthermore, other questions may be asked : in which kind of environment they evolve? What is characterizing the contracts linked to the information and communication technologies? What makes them so specific and so particular compared with the other agreements? The dematerialization of technology centered object can influence their way of formation, their execution and the balance of the agreements? What are their legal implications? If these agreements make reference to an specific and technical terminology of I.C.T., to the digital world, and if their object may be complex, in reality, the services generated by the Information Society are surrounding us in our daily life and are not different of the services we know since ever
Le, Saux Benoît. "Estimation de canal pour systèmes multi-antennes multi-porteuses." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00193894.
Full textDubois, Thierry. "Application du retournement temporel aux systèmes multi-porteuses : propriétés et performances." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00904031.
Full textCriqui-Barthalais, Géraldine. "La protection des libertés individuelles sur le réseau internet." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020076/document.
Full textThis study considers the internet as a new territory where rights guaranteed to each individual in physical space can be promoted; not only free speech and privacy, but also the Habeas Corpus prerogative writ, which protects against unlawful imprisonment, and the right to freedom of movement. Thus, processing by analogy, the dissertation intends to promote two specific digital rights: the freedom to connect to the internet and the freedom to surf on the web. The freedom to connect should be part of a public service which promotes this access through public policies. Moreover, barring someone from using the internet can only be decided by a judge. The freedom to surf should protect the web users against unreasonable restrictions. Thus, measures blocking illegal websites should not come through self-regulation but through a legal framework which defines how administrative authorities are entitled to decide such restrictions. The protection of these two rights entails further obligations. Individuals must access the internet anonymously and they must be aware of how the government monitors their actions on the web. This study tries to outline the content of measures aiming to frame network addressing mechanisms. Identity checks based on the IP address should be subject to a strict legal regime. The study concludes that individuals have to be protected from surveillance when data reveal their choices among websites while they are connected. Internet access providers, but also search engines and browsers, must delete this data. Only special measures taken by a public entity or someone entitled to control the web users may lead to this kind of data retention
Millerand, Florence. "L'appropriation du courrier électronique en tant que technologie cognitive chez les enseignants chercheurs universitaires : vers l'émergence d'une culture numérique?" Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6727.
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