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Academic literature on the topic 'Electrons accélérés par laser'
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Journal articles on the topic "Electrons accélérés par laser"
Rousseaux, C., F. Amiranoff, C. Labaune, B. Mabille, and G. Matthieussent. "Electrons rapides dans un plasma créé par laser." Revue de Physique Appliquée 23, no. 9 (1988): 1515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rphysap:019880023090151500.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Electrons accélérés par laser"
André, Arnaud. "Etude numérique de l’interaction laser-plasma sous dense : de la propagation de l’impulsion au rayonnement émis par les électrons accélérés." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112098.
Full textAn intense and short laser pulse propagating through an under dense plasma creates a plasma wave in its wake. The huge electric fields generated by this wave are responsible for the acceleration of trapped electrons to high energies in a very short distance. A nonlinear acceleration regime, known as the bubble regime, is particularly exciting as it generates mono-energetic electron beams. Outstanding results have been obtained recently in this thematic. However, while the electron beam itself has been widely characterized, there is still a lack of information concerning the detail of the interaction process itself. During my thesis work, I contribute to bring responses to this problematic, by studying the information carried out by the light emitted during interaction using intensive numerical simulations.The first part of my thesis is the dedicated to the links existing between the properties of accelerated electrons and the radiation they emit. From its properties, we can deduce the direction of the electron beam at the end of the acceleration, as well as in some particular conditions inside the beam. It is also possible to observe variations of the interaction through radiations.The second part is dedicated to the pulse propagation study. The pulse shape and spectrum of the laser pulse can be modified during the interaction of the laser within the medium. We have studied the propagation of the pulse in Nitrogen and Argon for slightly relativistic intensity. We showed that in given conditions, the pulse spectrum can be shifted due to self-modulation, the generation of an electronic density gradient due to the gas ionization. We also studied the pulse propagation at higher intensity, in the bubble regime. We identified the origin of interaction variations, observed in the first part of the thesis through the emitted radiation study
Popescu, Horia. "Génération et transport des électrons rapides dans l'interaction laser-plasma à haut flux." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EPXX0040.
Full textThe general context of this study is the Inertial Confinement for thermonuclear controlled fusion and, more precisely, the Fast Igniter (FI). In this context the knowledge of the generation and transport of fast electrons is crucial. This thesis is an experimental study of the generation and transport of fast electrons in the interaction of a high intensity laser (≥ 1019 W/cm2) with a solid target. The main diagnostic used here is the transition radiation. This radiation depends on the electrons which produce it and thus it gives important information on the electrons: energy, temperature, propagation geometry, etc. The spectral, temporal and spatial analysis permitted to put in evidence the acceleration of periodic electron bunches which, in this case, emit a Coherent Transition Radiation (CTR). During this thesis we have developed some theoretical models in order to explain the experimental results. We find this way two kinds of electron bunches, emitted either at the laser frequency (ω0), either at the double of this frequency (2ω0), involving several acceleration mechanisms: vacuum heating / resonance absorption and vxB, respectively. These bunches are also observed in the PIC simulations. The electron temperature is of about 2 MeV in our experimental conditions. The electrons are emitted starting from a point source (which is the laser focal spot) and then propagate in a ballistic way through the target. In some cases they can be re-injected in the target by the electrostatic field from the target edges. This diagnostic is only sensitive to the coherent relativistic electrons, which explains the weak total energy that they contain (∼few mJ). The CTR signal emitted by those fast electrons is largely dominating the signal emitted by the less energetic electrons, even if they contain the major part of the energy (∼ 1 J)
Popescu, Horia. "Génération et transport des électrons rapides dans l'interaction laser-matière à haut flux." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001799.
Full textBaccou, Claire. "Initiation de réactions nucléaires par des protons accélérés par laser." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX016/document.
Full textThe recent development of high-intensity laser beams has stimulated the advent of many schemes to produce nuclear reactions by laser. Laser pulses with intensity higher than 1018 W.cm-2 can particularly be used to accelerate proton and ion beams with interesting characteristics such as a broad spectrum, a short duration (~ 10ps), a large number of particles per picosecond and a high energy cut-off, up to tens MeV. Thus, nuclear reactions with resonances close to hundreds keV can be initiated, such as the p-11B fusion reaction which releases 8.7MeV and three alpha particles, or, such as threshold reactions with produce positron emitters, used in nuclear medicine. This thesis was dedicated to the development of an experimental platform at the ELFIE laser facility, at LULI (Ecole Polytechnique, France) to study the production of nuclear reactions using the following scheme: a proton beam is accelerated by the TNSA mechanism on a first target, and sent into a boron target to induce nuclear reactions. A second laser beam can be used to ionize and heat the boron target. A set of complementary diagnostics has been developed to measure and characterize the reaction products. Several parameters such as the proton flux, the proton spectrum, the boron target state (solid or plasma) and its composition were studied in order to identify the physics parameters that optimize the number of reactions. The understanding of the physics that govern the production of reactions in this scheme is necessary to consider applications in medicine or in fusion schemes, to produce energy
Salah, Wael. "Champ de sillage du faisceau d'électrons accéléré dans un photoinjecteur." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10067.
Full textBuffechoux, Sébastien. "Augmentation de l'énergie des faisceaux de proton accélérés par laser ultra-intense et étude des caractéristiques des faisceaux accélérés par laser ultra-court." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00600647.
Full textMaheut, Yohann. "Etude expérimentale de la physique de l'allumage par choc dans le cadre de la fusion nucléaire par confinement inertiel." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0202/document.
Full textShock ignition is a novel approach for inertial confinement fusion where the compression and the ignition phases by a strong shock are separated. The scheme is promising to the extent that it can generate very high gains and can be tested on already existing lasers systems. In addition, this concept requires lower implosion velocities that allows for compressing more massive targets which limits the impact of hydrodynamic instabilities. However, the physic issues related to shock ignition are still largely unexplored especially experimentally. Indeed, even if the compression phase takes place in the well-known collisional regime (I<1014W=cm2), ignition requires a spike which intensity exceeds 1015W=cm2.This regime is strongly non-linear with the onset of parametric instabilities. These instabilities may decrease the absorption and can also generate suprathermal electrons that can preheat the central part of the fuel and make the compression less efficient. Another key issue is the capability of launching a strong shock in presence of a plasma corona which can deteriorate the laser-target coupling and produce lamentation. Nevertheless, theoretical considerations tend to show that if the energy of fast electrons is moderate (<100keV), they could improve the coupling, deposit their energy in the shock front and hence amplify it. The work presented in this thesis consists in testing these two issues : launching a strong shock in the conditions corresponding to shock ignition i.e. in presence of a plasma corona and study the effect of hot electrons on the shock strength by measuring their energy and their quantity
Barakat, Hala. "Effet de la stérilisation par électrons accélérés sur les COC et sur l'impact des interactions avec des molécules actives." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA114802/document.
Full textThe aim of this work was to study the effect of electron beam radio-sterilization on cyclo olefins copolymers (COC) used as pharmaceutical storage materials, as well as to investigate its impact on the interaction with pharmaceuticals formulations. Due to the analytical methodology used which dealt with different techniques of characterization such as size exclusion chromatography, reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurements, we have been able to put into evidence different kinds of modifications both in the bulk and on the surface of the sterilized material and also after ageing.The principal modification of material’s bulk, observed at the recommended dose for sterilization (25 kGy), was polymer chains scissions, accompanied with creation of low molecular weight compounds, that are potentials migrants that risk to affect the safe use of COC. Indeed, some of these compounds have been found with a relatively important concentration in the solutions where sterilized COC was stored, especially in aqueous solutions. However, the preliminary study of toxicity has shown the absence of cytotoxicity of the extractables obtained at the sterilization dose.Surface modifications of radio-sterilized COC are of two types: a physical one, with an increase of the surface’s roughness and a chemical one with the formation of polar oxidation products; these two modifications result in an increase of surface’s wettability that may be important. However, in some cases such as for aged samples, these modifications are relatively weak even at doses higher than the one recommended for sterilization, which can explain the absence of the effect of radiation on the behavior of COC towards drug solutions. Indeed, no variation of drug sorption has been observed between aged COC irradiated and none irradiated
André, Thomas. "Transport et manipulation d’électrons produits par interaction laser plasma sur la ligne COXINEL." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS602/document.
Full textRecent advances in Laser Plasma Acceleration techniques (LPA) are now able to generate strong accelerating gradients (GV.m⁻¹); however the produced electron beam thus still presents a large energy spread (%) and a large divergence (mrad). The COXINEL project (ERC Advanced Grant 350014, PI. M.E. Couprie), aims at qualifying, in replacement of a conventional accelerator, a Laser Plasma Accelerator, for a Free Electrons Laser application. To achieve the required properties, the electron beam must be manipulated using a transport line. This line consists in a first triplet of permanent magnets quadrupoles of variable gradient which focuses the beam and allows for the control of the initial divergence. An electromagnetic chicane then reduces the slice energy spread by lengthening the beam longitudinally. A restricted energy range can then be selected by inserting a slit inside the chicane. Finally, a quadruple of electromagnetic quadrupoles provides the final focus in an undulator. The thesis deals on the study of electron beam transport produced by LPA along this line. Different electron production regimes have been used: ionization injection, gas cell. The transport was controlled using a new alignment and pointing compensation method for the initial electron beam by adjusting independently the beam position and dispersion at different location on the line. A fine adjustment of the transported energy was carried out by adjusting the quadrupole gradient. The produced beam was transported along the line and was characterized in terms of transverse distribution, emittance and energy. Experimental results were then successfully compared with numerical simulations. This work paves the way for the observation of undulator radiation, a preliminary step before Free Electron Laser amplification
Pisani, Francesca. "Etude expérimentale de la propagation et du dépôt d'énergie d'électrons rapides dans une cible solide ou comprimée par choc laser: application à l'allumeur rapide." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2000. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001022.
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