Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Électrophorèse capillaire'
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Nehme, Hala. "Etude des réactions enzymatiques par électrophorèse capillaire." Thesis, Orléans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ORLE2041.
Full textEnzymes catalyze all enzymatic reactions. Their deregulation can be involved in several severe diseases. The study of these reactions is important to detect anomalies, to better understand enzyme functioning and to seek modulators of their activity. This thesis presents capillary electrophoresis based enzymatic assays developed to study kinetics of various enzymes. The pre-capillary mode in which the enzymatic reaction occurs outside the capillary and the incapillary plug-plug mode of homogenous assays where the reaction is performed inside the capillary are applied. The methods developed are optimized to ensure optimum reactant mixing and a good electrophoretic separation. The kinetic and inhibition constants (Vmax, Km and IC50) of the enzymatic reaction are determined by these assays and compared to the results obtained using conventional techniques. For in-capillary assays, several mixing types (by application of an electric field, by longitudinal diffusion or transverse diffusion) of the reactant plugs are used depending on the enzymatic system studied. Finally, up to four reactants injected successively in the capillary are successfully mixed. Many assays are performed on complex matrices (cells, plant extracts). Screening of referenced and synthesized inhibitors on several human kinases: CDK1/cyclin B, CDK5/p25, DYRK1A, GSK3!, PI3K, Akt and mTOR are performed. Developed assays proved to be quantitative, simple, economic, fast and robust
Nehmé, Reine. "Etude des greffages non-covalents de capillaires pour l'analyse des peptides et des protéines en électrophorèse capillaire." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON13519.
Full textMario, Nathalie. "Etude qualitative et quantitative des hémoglobines par électrophorèse capillaire." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P632.
Full textRic, Audrey Marie Amélie. "Caractérisation d'aptamères par électrophorèse capillaire couplée au séquençage haut-débit Illumina." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30388/document.
Full textAptamers are oligomers of small single-stranded DNA or RNA which can have strong and specific interactions with some targets when they fold into three-dimensional structures. The objective of this thesis was to complete existing studies on the use of capillary electrophoresis in order to develop a method for the selection of aptamers by CE coupled to laser induced fluorescence and Illumina high-throughput sequencing. In a first step, we developed a method of detection and separation by capillary electrophoresis coupled with the double detection UV-LEDIF of a DNA library interacting with a target: thrombin. It is a model already studied and for which two aptamers have been published. We used aptamer T29 as part of our study because it has the best affinity. Capillary Electrophoresis is a powerful analytical tool that facilitates the selection efficiency of aptamers and specifies the determination of the interaction parameters. We thus were able to determine the affinity constant KD by CE-UV-LEDIF on the basic model: thrombin. Moreover, we also show how the use of Tris buffer can degrade single-stranded DNA during capillary electrophoresis and we propose as an alternative the use of a dibasic sodium phosphate buffer which avoids the phenomenon of degradation. Finally, we explain the difficulty of amplification by qPCR and PCR of an aptamer such as T29 with a G-quadruplex structure. We showed that the Illumina high-throughput sequencing allowed us to find a correlation between the number of sequenced molecules and the number of sequences obtained. Analysis of the sequences obtained shows a significant amount (20%) of T29 sequences which do not correspond to the sequence of this aptamer. This shows that the PCR and high-throughput sequencing steps for the detection of G-quadruplex can induce bias in the identification of these molecules
Blanco, Stéphane. "Mécanismes de séparation des protéines par électrophorèse. Modélisation et analyse de sensibilité." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30326.
Full textMarie, Anne-Lise. "Electrophorèse capillaire couplée ou non à la spectrométrie de masse pour l’évaluation ou le contrôle qualité de protéines à visée thérapeutique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS044/document.
Full textDuring this Ph.D., we developed analytical methods in order to check the quality of therapeutic proteins as finished products or to assess the potential of some proteins to be drug candidates. Two proteins were studied : human serum albumin (HSA) and antithrombin (AT). These proteins are very different regarding their structure, glycosylation, and biological functions. A capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method enabled to separate nine forms in commercial preparations of HSA issued from human plasma, among which native, cysteinylated, glycated, and truncated forms. Another CZE method allowed separating more than eight forms in commercial preparations of AT issued from human plasma, among which native, latent, and heterodimeric forms. Both CZE methods enabled to highlight significant differences in the composition of marketed preparations produced by five competitive pharmaceutical companies. Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) methods, using a quadrupole-time of flight (Q-TOF) analyzer and electrospray ionization (ESI), were also developed. These CE-MS methods enabled to identify not only a high number of glycoforms and related forms of AT, but also dimeric forms. A CE-MS method developed in non-denaturing conditions showed that native and latent forms of AT (two conformers) exhibited a specific mass spectrum, allowing to unambiguously distinguish them. With the aim to assess the binding affinity of AT variants toward heparin, we developed an affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) method. This ACE method enabled to analyze AT variants directly from the cell culture supernatants used to produce them. It has been shown that some AT variants had a very high affinity for heparin, in good agreement with the performed mutations. Finally, a new method based on Taylor Dispersion Analysis (TDA) was investigated to study the affinity between AT issued from plasma and heparin
Nouadje, Georges. "Electrophorèse capillaire et détection colinéaire de fluorescence induite par laser." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30054.
Full textOuadah, Nesrine. "Caractérisation de chlorhydrates d’aluminium et étude de leurs interactions avec des protéines par électrophorèse capillaire." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS007.
Full textAluminum chlorohydrates (ACH) are used by the cosmetics industry as antiperspirant active ingredients to limit sweating. Their mechanism of action, is still poorly understood. The development of new characterization tools to improve the understanding of their antiperspirant action at the molecular level is therefore crucial, to ultimately optimize their use, or even to replace them with other active compounds. The purposed of this work, was to characterize by a new analytical approach the oligomers contained in ACH and to study their interactions with model proteins. In a first part, a method was developed by capillary electrophoresis zone (CZE) for the separation, characterization and quantitative analysis of ACH oligomers (in particular Al13 and Al30). The choice of counter-ion, ionic strength and capillary coating was crucial for the success of the separation, the stability of the species during the electrophoretic process and the repeatability / reproducibility of the separation. The optimization of the separation conditions has made it possible to the separation of other oligomeric and colloidal species of aluminum, and to set up an on-line coupling of CZE to Taylor dispersion. analysis (TDA). Capillary isotachophoresis (ITP) was also explored for ACH analysis at high concentrations, close to those used in antiperspirant formulations. It was shown that it is possible to analyze samples up to 40 g / L in ACH. Finally, interactions of ACH with model proteins (BSA and lysozyme) were studied by capillary affinity electrophoresis (ACE) to shed more light on the phenomena of complexation leading to the obstruction of the sweat duct. The electrolyte used in ACE consists solely of ligands (ACH), at relatively high concentrations (up to 50 g / L), in order to mimic the conditions of application. From an analytical point of view, the challenge of this work was to correct the electrophoretic mobilities of the proteins from the experimental parameters varying with the concentration ACH (Joule heating, viscosity, state of charge of the protein as a function of the pH, ionic strength). It was possible to quantitatively demonstrate differences in the interactions between ACH and the two studied model proteins (BSA and lysozyme)
Renard, Charly. "Nouvelles approches pour la quantification et la réduction de l’adsorption de biomolécules en électrophorèse capillaire : capillaires superhydrophobes et multicouches de polyélectrolytes." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTS013.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to study different approaches for the modification of the electrophoresis capillary intern wall to enhance separation efficiency and reproducibility for biomolecules (model peptides and/or proteins) in acidic conditions. The first chapter (outside of bibliographic study) is dedicated to superhydrophobic coatings study. The goal is to prevent analytes adsorption by suppressing any interaction between the superhydrophobic wall and the analytes (anti-wettability). An original coating process has been developed to obtain superhydrophobic capillaries by studying the influence of layers number, coating nature, and filling and flushing pressure during layers deposition. Superhydrophobic coatings have been obtained, for the first time, with diameters from 50 µm to 180 µm. Hydrodynamic and electrokinetic characteristics have been studied, giving slipping length of 23 µm and efficiency separation increased twofold compared to fused silica capillary in the same electrophoretic conditions. The second chapter studies an air microbubbles generation process using superhydrophobic capillaries. The experimental parameters (voltage, UV ray, marker, superhydrophobic coating) needed to obtain those bubbles have been identified. Those bubbles have been characterized (diameter ~35-39 µm; length ~10 mm; zeta potential ~ -62.6 mV). The third chapter offer an experimental methodology, based on the electrochromatography theory, allowing to evaluate the residual adsorption of proteins on the capillary wall. This approach have two interesting points: (i) allowing to compare separative performances of different coatings via residual adsorption, and (ii) optimizing the experimental parameters (length, internal diameter, applied voltage) to minimize the impact of adsorption on the separation efficiencies
Danel, Cécile. "Séparation des énantiomères d'inhibiteurs potentiels de l'aromatase par chromatographie liquide haute performance et électrophorèse capillaire." Lille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LIL2P014.
Full textBekri, Samya. "Étude de revêtements à base de polyélectrolytes et de polyzwitterions pour la séparation de protéines en électrophorèse capillaire." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS284.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to study different natures of capillary coatings for the separation of model proteins (lysozyme, β-lactoglobulin A, ribonuclease A, myoglobin and trypsin inhibitor) in acidic medium by capillary electrophoresis. Separations were performed in volatile electrolyte compatible with the coupling to mass spectrometry. The first chapter is devoted to the study of coatings based on polyelectrolyte multilayers by varying the chemical nature of the polyelectrolytes, the number of layers, and the pH and ionic strength of the construction medium. More than 20 polyelectrolyte couples have been tested. It has been demonstrated that the nature of the polycation placed on the terminal layer, as well as the nature of the polyanion located in intermediate layers, have a great influence on the separation performances and repeatability. Best results were obtained using poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride)/poly(L-lysine citramide) coating with an excellent stability tested on 100 successive runs. For unstable coatings, the coating stability can be permanently stabilized by chemical crosslinking of the multilayers with comparable peak efficiencies. The effect of chemical structure of polyanion and polycation was also studied by comparing linear and ramified poly(L-lysine)s (dendrigraft polylysine of different generations).The second chapter is dedicated to the influence of the background electrolyte ionic strength using polyelectrolyte multilayer coatings. Using the so-called "slope-plot" approach, it has been demonstrated that the electrophoretic mobility of proteins systematically decreases by 30-40 % per ionic strength decade compared to the value obtained at 5 mM ionic strength. Optimal protein separations was obtained using background electrolytes of low ionic strength (5~10 mM).The third section is focused on monolayer coatings based on polyzwitterionic copolymers known for their antiadhesive (antifouling) properties. Separation performances of poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate-co-acrylic acid) coatings with different monomer ratios have been evaluated. The influence of the capillary pretreatment was also studied on the best coating. A pretreatment of the capillary with methanol, sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid has given the best results
Manegrier, Sabine. "Etude comparative des différentes possibilités d'élimination de l'adsorption des protéines à la paroi du capillaire en électrophorèse capillaire de zone." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P077.
Full textXu, Run Juan. "Séparation des protéines par électrophorèse capillaire : effet des tensioactifs sur le comportement électrophorétique des protéines." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120064.
Full textBauvais, Cyril. "Mécanisme et Modélisation de reconnaissance chirale par des antibiotiques macrocycliques en électrophorèse capillaire." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077113.
Full textChirality is an important consideration for many kinds of compounds such as pharmaceuticals or biological molecules. Chiral capillary electrophoresis is one of the ways to get chiral compounds, where different affinities between the chiral selector, like vancomycin, with each enantiomers, will lead to chiral recognition. The aim of our work is to study main mechanisms of this recognition. For this study, we followed two main approaches. The first one was based on receptor, vancomycin, an his interactions with enantiomers. For that, we studied complexation mechanism between vancomycine and enantiomers by molecular modelling. Indeed, complex energy differences should be responsible of chiral discrimination. The second way of approach was QSPR studies, based on enantiomers structures
Fayad, Syntia. "Développement d’outils ultra-performants de criblage enzymatique de produits naturels par électrophorèse capillaire." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2032.
Full textSkin aging is one of the exterior/external signs of the passage of time. With age, the skin becomes drier and gets wrinkled due to the degradation of macromolecules of the extracellular matrix by skin enzymes such as elastase, hyaluronidase and collagenase. The aim of this thesis is to develop miniaturized enzymatic assays by capillary electrophoresis to screen plant extracts and identify new bioactives for cosmetics and skin wellbeing. These assays were developed either outside the capillary (which serves only as a separation tool) or in the capillary (which then serves as an enzymatic nanoreactor) then optimized to allow the determination of kinetic constants (Km, Vmax and IC₅₀). Tranvserse diffusion of laminar flow profiles (TDLFP) was applied to mix the reactants injected into the capillary. Detectors such as laser-induced fluorescence or high-resolution mass spectrometry have been coupled to capillary electrophoresis to achieve high sensitivities of detection and the possibility of identifying the products of the enzymatic reaction. These miniaturized assays were applied to algae extracted by electroporation or to regional plants extracted by green technologies in order to evaluate their biological activity towards skin enzymes. The assays developed are reliable, robust and economic in reactants consumption. Finally, the use of a new analytical technique, microscale thermophoresis, was shown to be very useful and hopeful for the study of enzyme-effector interactions
Anres, Philippe. "Développement de nouvelles méthodologies de préconcentration électrocinétique in-situ en électrophorèse capillaire pour l'analyse de traces." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066345.
Full textCapillary electrophoresis is a powerful separation technique, but it suffers from a lack of sensitivity when optical detectors are used. In order to resolve this problem, in-situ electrokinetic preconcentration techniques are available. During these researches, some of these techniques had been investigated. First of all, it was shown the coating of silica capillary walls by linear polyacrylamide reduced efficiently the electroosmotic flow even in complex acidic media which improve the electrokinetic preconcentration yields. Secondly, the hyphenation of field amplification with electrokinetic injection and “sweeping” was examined. The mechanism of this technique was deeply studied thanks to chemometric approaches and simulation. The results allowed to clarify the influence of experimental parameters and to simplify the optimization procedure. Following these results, an analytical procedure for the analyses of herbicides in tap water was developed and detection near to the specified level of European Union was obtained without any extraction procedure. Thirdly, it was shown the utilization of ionic liquids in the so-called technique “Micelle to Solvent Stacking” provided sensibility enhancements of 10 by comparison with classical surfactants (application to herbicides and anti-inflammatory drugs). Finally, thanks to the use of a specific aptamer, a proof of concept was developed for the selective preconcentration of Ochratoxine A in wine. This last work open new perspectives for the utilization of these biological tools in capillary electrophoresis
Le, Floch François. "Production et glycosylation d'EPO par cellules CHO : caractérisation par électrophorèse capillaire au cours de procédés discontinus." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2003_LE_FLOCH_F.pdf.
Full textThe scope of this work is to improve the control of the glycosylation of recombinant proteins produced by animal cell culture by studying the influence of the culture process on the glycan structure of a model protein : CHO cell produced EPO. For building the system, several step were necessary : the generation of a high-EPO-producer CHO cell clone, the set-up of an immuno-affinity purification method and the adaptation of a technique for analysis of protein glycosylation to our system constraints. Then, two parameters of the culture process were studied more precisely : the culture time and the presence of serum. By monitoring EP9 glycosylation in the course of serum-containing batch cultures, we observed a progressive desialylation of the protein during the second part of the culture and an important cell lysis. Since a significative siaiidase activitv was also found in the same time, this phenomenon seemed to be induced by an enzymatic degradation following cell lysis in serum-containing cultures. On the other band, after serum-free adaptation, EPO sialylation was found constant during the whole serum-free cultures. Anaiysis of EPO glycosylation produced in serum-containing medium by serum-free adapted cells showed that the occurring desialylation was directly linked to the presence of serum and not to the serum-free adaptation procedure. To conclude, this work clearly shows the important influence of sorne process parameters on the quality of EPO when produced in our system
Tohala, Luma. "Etude par électrophorèse capillaire des propriétés de résolution chirale des oligonucléotides en série ADN." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV016.
Full textNowadays, drug stereochemistry has become a significant issue for both the pharmaceutical industry and the regulatory authorities. It has been demonstrated that nucleotides/ nucleosides or duplex and G-quadruplex structures showed some enantioselective properties. Nevertheless, to date, the use of DNA as chiral selector has been largely neglected. Using partial filling capillary electrophoresis (CE) method, highly efficient technique with little volume consumption need, the assessment of the enantioselective properties of a repertoire of arbitrarily chosen DNA oligonucleotides (ONs) characterized by diverse base compositions and structural features was studied for a series of various racemates. Under (sub) millimolar DNA concentration conditions, it was shown that all the ONs tested presented enantiodiscrimination properties for interesting organic compounds. The resolved compounds are either cationic carrying one phenyl group or contain two aromatic cycles with no net or one positive charge. Then, sequence prerequisites of ONs for the CE enantioseparation process were studied for a series of homopolymeric sequences (Poly-dT) of different lengths (from 5 to 60-mer) and for the discrimination of various enantiomers. The results showed that the sequence length of 30-mer (or more) of the ONs was better for the enantioseparation properties, where the DNA adopted a coil-like conformation, than ONs with a sequence length ≤ 10-mer. The base-unpaired state constituted also an important factor in the chiral resolution ability of ONs. Moreover, the chemical diversity enhanced the enantioresolution ability of single-stranded ONs. Finally, several attempts have been conducted to study the thermodynamic contribution involved in enantiomeric separation obtained with DNA strands. Binding affinity constants were determined for tryptophan enantiomers towards Poly-dT30 by three different techniques. The used methods did not allow determining a difference of affinity between enantiomers
Lambert, Alexandrine. "Mécanisme de l'énantiosélectivité des cyclodextrines : illustration dans la série des acides arylalcanoïques." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN12011.
Full textVayaboury, Willy. "Polymérisation du N-carboxyanhydride de la N[epsilon]-trifluoroacétyl-L-lysine : étude mécanistique et caractérisation par électrophorèse capillaire." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20160.
Full textGiorgetti, Jérémie. "Caractérisation d’anticorps monoclonaux à différents niveaux à l’aide d’un couplage électrophorèse capillaire – spectrométrie de masse." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF051.
Full textMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are therapeutic biomolecules employed as treatment against cancer and other pathologies. These glycoproteins are subject to numerous micro-heterogeneities which cou Id affect treatment efficiency. Hence, mAbs variants analysis requires powerful, rapid and accurate analytical methods to elucidate their structure. ln this thesis, works have been done to develop methods leaning on a capillary electrophoresis - mass spectrometry coupling (CE-MS) to get a multi-level mAbs isoforms analysis. First, method assessment and validation of glycosylation forms analysis by CE-MS have been done to characterize and set up a relative quantitation of these modifications. ln order to avoid potential artifactual modifications due to the sample preparation process, higher order analyses have been performed at tougher analytical levels. For that purpose, methods involving partial and total enzymatic digestion have been developed and optimized to assess the plenty of post-translational modification linked to the protein structure. Finally, whole protein analyses have been completed to get a more accurate illustration from variants heterogeneity of the medication administered. The comprehensive analysis of mAbs and their variants should help to guide the manufacturing process and go a step further in treatment optimization
Kpaibé, André Philippe Sawa. "Empreintes électrophorétiques : une approche innovante pour le contrôle qualité de substances pharmaceutiques d'origine naturelle : cas des venins de serpent." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT202.
Full textAlthough the therapeutic potential of natural substances is known for thousands of years in traditional medicine, it knows an increasing renewed interest in modern pharmaceutical industry as being an inexhaustible source of therapeutic active substances for various diseases.However, the quality control of these products, which is necessary to obtain reproducible biological activities and new commercial approvals, remains a great analytical challenge. Indeed, natural substances show a myriad of biological activities that can result from a specific or synergistic effects of many different components and this information remains still mostly unknown. Furthermore, because they are derived from living organisms and hence are affected by biotic and abiotic factors, it is extremely difficult to ensure a constant qualitative and quantitative composition for these natural substances among different batches. Consequently, there is a need to develop analytical strategies able to assess the “sameness” of natural productions that is analytical strategies able to assess required similarity between different batches by integrating acceptable qualitative and quantitative variations.To achieve this, the concept of analytical fingerprint has become more and more popular and is now starting to be accepted by regulatory authorities such as the FDA. This so-called “pattern-approach” aims at: (i) gaining effective and stable information about common features of a given strain (ii) evaluating similarity and difference with chemometric methods.If this concept has been quite largely studied for the quality assessment of herbal medicines, it is very still very little developed for animal active substances like snake venoms, which are of increasing interest in therapeutic research due to their rich composition in peptides and proteins. The routine quality control of venom raw substances is still often limited to a single gel electrophoresis which is clearly insufficient in terms of components resolution to achieve similarity-/dissimilarity between strains.MethodsIn this context, we have developed an original analytical fingerprint strategy that combines capillary electrophoresis and chemometrics. CE is a particularly well suited technique for peptides/proteins separation allowing to obtain complex specific fingerprints. Batches of different snake venoms have been analyzed with many replicates. All electropherograms have been processed using several chemometrics approaches (baseline correction, signals alignment, automatic recognition of common peaks …) to obtain a representative analytical trace that can be used for the quality assessment of different production lots.ResultsWe show that CE is a very well adapted method to produce highly specific and repeatable analytical profiles of different venom strains. Chemometric methods applied are very efficient to produce an average fingerprint for each strain that integrates features common to all batches and define acceptable variations in quantitative composition. Similarity/dissimilarity of different batches can then be assessed in an automatic manner.ConclusionAll presented results show the efficacy of CE combined with chemometrics to assess the quality of snake venom raw substances. It can be easily implemented in industrial quality control. This strategy can be implemented in future for other type of therapeutic substances of animal origin
Ait-Adoubel, Abderrahim. "Nouvelles approches en électrophorèse capillaire pour l'énantioséparation d'acides aminés aromatiques ou aliphatiques non dérivés." Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUES027.
Full textThis manuscript deals with the potentialities study of two Capillary Electrophoresis approaches: (i) ligands exchange with various chiral selectors: L-Proline, Trans-4-Hydroxy L-Proline (LECE), (ii) use of anionic cyclodextrins (CD-CZE), for the chiral resolution of not derivatized amino acids. This chiral resolution constitutes still, today, a challenge. These two approaches appeared complementary. In fact, by using one after the other we were able to resolve the racemic of not derivatized aromatic or sulphur amino acids as well as some racemic of not derivatized aliphatic amino acids. To rationalize some paradoxical experimental results, we undertook simulations, using Molecular Mechanics, as well for the formation of the ternary complexes, in LECE, as for the inclusion of the not derivatized amino acids in the cyclodextrines cavity, in CD-CZE. Satisfactory correlations were obtained between experimental results and theoretical approaches
Tomao, Valérie. "Contribution à l'étude de l'utilisation de la b-cyclodextrine en électrophorèse capillaire et préparative." Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX30011.
Full textLounis, Feriel Meriem. "Etude des interactions entre polyélectrolytes de charges opposées par électrophorèse capillaire et titration calorimétrique isotherme." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT187/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the interactions between oppositely charged polyelectrolytes (PE) by frontal analysis continuous capillary electrophoresis (FACCE) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) as a function of the ionic strength of the medium and the physico-chemical properties related to the two partners (chemical charge density, molar mass, ramification). Statistical copolymers of acrylamide and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propane sulfonate (PAMAMPS) with chemical charge densities varying between 15% and 100% were synthesized and characterized for this study. Poly(L-lysine) under their linear (PLL) or ramified/hyperbranched (DGL) forms were used as model polycations. Turbidity measurements allowed the study of the stability of the polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) as a function of the ionic strength of the medium. PEC charge stoichiometries were measured by 1H-NMR, and a general predictive rule that estimates the PEC charge stoichiometry was enounced. The thermodynamic binding parameters (binding constant, stoichiometry, enthalpic and entropic contributions) were determined, by systematically plotting the isotherms of adsorption, and using the model of independent and identical interacting sites. A linear dependence between the logarithm of the binding constants and the logarithm of the ionic strength was observed. This linear dependence confirmed the entropic character of the interactions between oppositely charged PE and allowed quantifying the number of released counter-ions that were compared to the total number of condensed counter-ions. Furthermore, this modelling allowed predicting the binding constants for intermediate chemical charge densities and at different ionic strengths
Gahoual, Rabah. "Développement du couplage électrophorèse capillaire - spectrométrie de masse haute sensibilité : application à la caractérisation fine de protéines." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAF040/document.
Full textInterfacings allowing the hyphenation of capillary electrophoresis (CE) to ESI mass spectrometry(MS) currently suffer from lack of robustness and sensitivity. This work describes the application of a new design of CE-ESl-MS coupling referred as the CESl-MS. Characterization of the ESI generated through the CESl-MS system showed the production of a nanoESI allowing to increase drastically the sensitivity compared to conventional ESI. The CESl-MS was used as a nanoESI infusion platform allowing to study high molecular masses noncovalent complexes in native MS. A CESl-MS/MS method was developed enabling the complete primary structure characterization o fmonoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Results showed the ability of the methodology in a single injection to simultaneously characterize the entire amino acid sequence, a significant number of glycosylation and all the posttranslational modifications of interest. Finally the methodotogy was applied to assess the similarity between marketed mAbs and their respective biosimilar candidate
Petit, Jéremy. "Apports des techniques analytiques couplées à la connaissance de la spéciation de l'uranium en conditions naturelles." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ECAP0018/document.
Full textTo understand the transport mechanisms and the radionuclides behaviour in the biogeosphere is necessary to evaluate healthy and environmental risks of nuclear industry. These mechanisms are monitored by radioelements speciation, namely the distribution between their different physico-chemical forms in the environment. From this perspective, this PhD thesis deals with uranium speciation in a natural background. A detailed summary of uranium biogeochemistry has been written, which enables to restrict the PhD issue to uranium complexation with oxalic acid, a hydrophilic organic acid with good binding properties, ubiquitous in soil waters. Analytical conditions have been established by means of speciation diagrams. The speciation diagrams building by means of literature stability constants has allowed to define the analytical conditions of complex formation. The chosen analytical technique is the hyphenation of a separative technique (liquid chromatography LC or capillary electrophoresis CE) with mass spectrometry (ICPMS). The studied complexes presence in the synthetic samples has been confirmed with UV/visible spectrophotometry. LC-ICPMS analyses have proved the lability of the uranyl-organic acid complexes, namely their tendency to dissociate during analysis, which prevents from studying uranium speciation. CE-ICPMS study of labile complexes from a metal-ligand system has been made possible by employing affinity capillary electrophoresis, which enables to determine stability constants and electrophoretic mobilities. This PhD thesis has allowed to compare the different mathematical treatments of binding isotherm and to take into account ionic strength and real ligand concentration. Affinity CE has been applied successfully to lanthanum-oxalate (model system) and uranium-oxalate systems. The obtained results have been applied to a real system (situated in Le Bouchet). This shows the contribution of the developed method to the modelling of uranium speciation
Caron, Isabelle. "Cyclodextrines méthylées : analyse et caractérisation par chromatographie en phase liquide : utilisation en électrophorèse capillaire chirale." Orléans, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ORLE2077.
Full textSchlenck, Alexandra. "Apports de l'électrophorèse capillaire dans l'approche gène-candidat de risque cardiovasculaire : cas de l'apolipoprotéine E." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN12005.
Full textDelgado, Christine. "L'électrophorèse capillaire : application et développement dans le domaine des industries agroalimentaires et des agroressources." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT026G.
Full textDanger, Grégoire. "Des N-carboxyanhydrides d’acides α-aminés (NCA) aux peptides : nouvelles réactions d’intérêt prébiotique et applications : préconcentration et contrôle du flux électroosmotique pour l’analyse de peptides en électrophorèse capillaire." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20043.
Full textSoukri, Mustapha. "2,3-Dihydro-1,4-dioxino[2,3-b]pyridines : synthèse, fonctionnalisation et applications pharmacologiques." Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE2058.
Full textBiacchi, Michael. "Développement du couplage électrophorèse capillaire-spectrométrie de masse à source MALDI : applications à la caractérisation de protéines." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAF033/document.
Full textIn this work, we developed a new interface CE/MALDI-MS automated, equipped with a UV/visible cell remote, and integrated automatic distribution of matrix. This new system has been evaluated on different mixtures of intact protein, digested protein and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The results obtained during this evaluation showed the complementarity of the new interface with conventional analytical systems. Furthermore, we have shown the first separation and analysis of mAbs by CE/MALDI-MS. In a second work, the new interface was used to perform the first Top Down analysis for intact protein and mAbs by fraction collection and enrichment. This strategy has shown the repeatability of the system for separating analytes and the enrichissment the MALDI deposits up to very high amounts compatible for Top Down approach. In the third work, the new system CE/MALDI-MS has been used in an original 2-dimensional strategy of separating and collecting intact mAbs isoforms or partially digested followed by infusions and analyzes with CESI nanosprayer. For this, we have developed electrophoretic condition so-called "asymmetric" allowing the separation of mAbs under very salty conditions but collected in a totally compatible solution with ESI-MS. This novel strategy allowed for the first separation and characterization of mAbs by CE-MS. Meanwhile, we have developed the first plasma level of ITPP by MALDI-TOF-MS and particularly the creation of CEToolbox as a Free Android application for smartphone and tablet enabling the calculation of the main mathematical quantities for characterization and optimization of CE separations
Anrès, Philippe. "Développement de nouvelles méthodologies de préconcentration électrocinétique in-situ en électrophorèse capillaire pour l'analyse de traces." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00744659.
Full textHuynh, Thi Ngoc Suong. "Stratégie analytique combinant électrophorèse capillaire et ICP/MS pour la caractérisation des cibles biologiques de l'uranium." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS052/document.
Full textIdentification of proteins targeted by uranium is of major concern in the determination of uranium toxicity and the development of decorporation agents. In this study, we examine the capabilities offered by hyphenated CE - ICP/MS for the detection of protein-uranium complexes. With judicious separation conditions, it is possible to obtain the uranium distribution in samples of moderate complexity. This approach was validated by using known proteins targeted by uranium (individually or in simple mixtures). Apparent equilibrium constants were determined with an accuracy similar to the ones obtained by biophysical methods. The interest of using this hyphenation was illustrated through diverse applications. The direct analysis of human serum confirmed the strong involvement of fetuin, a human glycoprotein, in the uranium blood distribution. Last but not least, the integration of this hyphenation into a multi-techniques approach (ICP/MS, DLS, CE-ICP/MS) allowed evaluating the influence of uranium on the formation of calciprotein particles and provided a proof of the preservation of protein-uranium complexes in such conditions
Oukacine, Farid. "Nouvelle méthodologie analytique pour l'étude de l'activité antibactérienne des dendrimères greffés de la L-lysine par électrophorèse capillaire." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20089/document.
Full textIn this work, a new analytical methodology has been implemented for the screening of antibacterial activity of dendrigraft poly-L-lysines (DGL) by capillary electrophoresis (CE). The principle of this methodology is based on the monitoring of the electrophoretic profile of bacteria before and after the meeting with a zone containing the cationic compound to be screened. The implementation of this methodology has required several steps. In a first experimental part, a new methodology has been developed for the focalization, mobilization and quantification of bacteria. This focusing mode has been applied for the quantification of bacteria in natural waters. In a second experimental part, several neutral capillary coatings were compared for the simultaneous CE analysis of polyanionic and polycationic compounds. In the last experimental part, the screening of antibacterial activity has been implemented on DGL
Fermas, Soraya. "Apport du couplage de l’électrophorèse capillaire à la spectrométrie de masse pour l’étude de complexes protéines : oligosaccharides." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2007. http://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2007/2007EVRY0028.pdf.
Full textThe increasing interest in protein / carbohydrate interaction is accompanied by a demand for viable and high throughput methodologies for their characterization. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) offers powerful attributes for the study of non covalent complexes, particularly as regard the determination of binding parameters. Electrospray mass spectrometry (ESIMS) is widely recognized as a powerful analytical method for the characterisation of sulfated oligosaccharides and non covalent interactions. Therefore, we present data on the implementation of analytical strategies based on CE-ESIMS for the characterisation of protein / carbohydrate complexes. The CE-ESIMS methodology was first applied to the analysis of the prototypic complex between antithrombin and heparin. Ionisation conditions were optimised either to preserve the non covalent complex in the MS source, or allow its dissociation using denaturing conditions. In one hand, the stoichiometry of the complex could be obtained through the MS analysis of the native complex in non-denaturing conditions. In the other hand, the structural characterisation of the sulfated ligand could be performed through dissociation of the complex. This CE-ESIMS approach was also used to investigate on the non covalent complexes formation between the chemokines and oligosaccharides. The isolation of the non covalent complex allowed studying the binding effect on the oligomerisation status of these proteins
Deloffre, Laurence. "Contribution à l'étude des facteurs impliqués dans l'osmorégulation chez la sangsue Theromyzon tessulatum." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-61.pdf.
Full textCarbonnier, Benjamin. "Propriétés énantiosélectives de copolymères à base de bêta-cyclodextrines modifiées : application à l'électrophorèse capillaire et à la chromatographie liquide haute performance." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-339.pdf.
Full textSalvador, Arnaud. "Cyclodextrines méthylées : analyse, caractérisation et utilisation comme sélecteurs chiraux en électrophorèse capillaire et chromatographique en phase supercritique." Orléans, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ORLE2078.
Full textWu, Ting. "Développement et application des systèmes microanalytiques dans le domaine de l'environnement." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00463218.
Full textLemée, Frédéric. "Composés polyioniques contraints bioactifs libres et supportés : accès à de nouveaux matériaux antibactériens." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0047/document.
Full textDevelopment of new materials with antibacterial properties is a major concern in medical and environmental world. It’s for that reason that, Merrifield and Wang commercial polymers were modified by grafting polycationic calixarenic sub-units inspired by laboratory work and designed to interact with negatively charged bacterial surface. Those calixarenes were modified on the lower part, in a controlled manner, by the incorporation of a functional spacer group leading to a targeted grafting of the polymer. We have, at first, evaluated several kinds of functionalities introduced on the calixarene, giving us the opportunity to graft them on the polymeric support. Like this, a reductive amination was chosen to anchor the Wang-benzaldehyde resin, whereas a pyridinium anchoring point was pointed out as a very good candidate for the grafting of calixarenes. The validation of this pyridinium anchoring point was checked by incorporation of a fluorescent probe (pyrene) and characterized by solid state fluorescence, by infrared spectroscopy, those two lasts analysis were applied for all the other grafted polymers grafted after that. Through a capture-release study in aqueous media of two carboxylic antibiotics (quinolone and ß–lactame kind), the pyridinium polymer model, without calixarène, showed his interest faced to Cholestyramine (Questran®) or Amberlite IRA-400, as an anion exchange resin and leading to depoluting/decontamination applications. Before antibacterial studies of thoses new materials, we wanted to find a way to quantify the material capacity to catch/hold bacteria. Capillary electrophoresis, rapid and sensitive analytical method, appeared as a perfect solution. Using E. coli model, synthesized polycationic resins were evaluated as sequestering agent in aqueous media. Results obtained prove the efficiency of some of them; capture was finally confirmed by confocal fluorescent microscopy. The number of bacteria fixed by material surface could be visually evaluated
Dabat, Duval Marilyne. "Etude des différences de structure entre des héparines d'origines animales diverses par électrophorèse capillaire et chromatographie d'échange d'ions." Rouen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUES007.
Full textLaskaridou-Monnerville, Andromaque. "Étude des minéraux, vitamines et autres substances biologiques dans les fruits et légumes réunionnais par électrophorèse capillaire." La Réunion, 1997. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/97_02_Laskaridou.pdf.
Full textThis doctoral thesis has the aim of studying anoins, cations, organics acids and vitamin C contained in fruits and vegetables from the Reunion Island, Indian Ocean. Capillary electrophoresis is the method chosen for this study. Anions and organic acids are separeted and determined quantitavely with a sodium chromate solution and an electroosmotic flow modifier, inverse UV detection at 254 nm. Cations are separated and determined quantitatively with two electrolytes : the first one is composed of an amine with tropolone and crown ether, inverse UV detection at 185 nm and the second one is composed of lactic acid with 4-methyl-benzylamine and crown ether, inverse UV detection at 214 nm. Among vitamins, we are interesed in L-ascorbic acid. A very sensitive and easy method based on a tricine electrolyte is chosen. Direct UV detection is performed at 254 nm. Under these conditions, we studied more particulary four different maturity levels of Psidium Cattleianam Sabine (strawberry guyava). Another promising area is the one with alcaloids and flavonoids. We developed an electrolyte allowing us to separate and measure capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, active pungent compounds of hot chili peppers. We would like to continue our research on this field
Alinat, Elodie. "Développement de nouvelles stratégies utilisant l'électrophorèse capillaire pour la caractérisation physico-chimique des nitrocelluloses en vue de leur identification dans des prélèvements pré-ou post-attentat." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066489/document.
Full textNitrocellulose (NC) is a nitrate cellulose ester polymer whose nitrogen content determines its physical and chemical properties, and its industrial applications. Indeed, NCs with a nitrogen content less than 12.5% are widely used as raw material in daily use products (printing inks, paints, lacquers, varnishes and filter membranes), whereas highly-nitrated NCs (nitrogen content > 12.5%) are employed in the manufacturing of explosive materials (smokeless gunpowders and dynamites). Therefore, and also for regulation reasons, methods for the determination of nitrogen content in NCs are needed , and there is a strong need in developing more modern, simpler, faster, and safer methods. In a first part, the denitration yield obtained after alkaline hydrolysis of NCs was optimized by means of an experimental design. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used to follow the reaction through the quantitation of nitrite and nitrate ions released during hydrolysis. Then, a new method to determine the nitrogen content of NCs, based on a linear relationship between it and the molar ratio of nitrite to nitrate ions released after alkaline hydrolysis was developed. These methods were successfully applied to various explosive and non-explosive NC-containing samples. The second part aimed at studying the products obtained after partial acid depolymerization in an attempt to generate a mixture of oligosaccharides retaining information on the initial NC sample and/or the cellulose used to prepare it, which would be of forensic interest. To this end, NC fingerprinting was achieved by CE with laser induced fluorescence detection (LIF) after acid depolymerization, and derivatization with 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (APTS). The resulting derivatized oligomers were identified using APTS-derivatized cellodextrin standards. These depolymerization products can also be analyzed with a new CE method with a high-alkaline background electrolyte containing sodium chloride and detection was performed by mid-UV absorbance after photo-oxidation in the detection window. Finally, the advantages of CE instrumentation (miniaturization of the assay and automation) were used to determine the intrinsic viscosity of various NC samples. Thanks to the calculation of Mark Houwink parameters, the weight-average molecular weight of unknown NC samples could be determined
Baalbaki, Bassem. "Apport de l'électrophorèse capillaire au contrôle de qualité de spécialités pharmaceutiques." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON13509.
Full textCasiot, Corinne. "Développement de techniques analytiques couplées (HPLC-ICP-MS et EC-ICP-MS) pour la spéciation de métalloi͏̈des (arsenic, sélénium, antimoine et tellure)." Pau, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PAUU3026.
Full textArnoult, Eric. "Modélisation et simulation numérique d'oligomères du MM 2. 1. 2 : contribution à l'analyse de ses propriétés d'agrégation." Orléans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ORLE2027.
Full textSarazin, Cédric. "Recherche et identification de traces d'explosifs sur des prélèvements après attentat : application de l'électrophorèse capillaire à cette problèmatique." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066406.
Full textHermouet-Bernard, Dominique-Anne. "Développement d'une méthode associant chromatographie liquide et électrophorèse capillaire en vue de l'analyse des peptides dans les milieux biologiques." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10150.
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